CN104202270B - The channel estimation methods and channel estimating apparatus of multiaerial system - Google Patents
The channel estimation methods and channel estimating apparatus of multiaerial system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The channel estimation methods and channel estimating apparatus of a kind of multiaerial system are provided in the embodiment of the present application.Methods described includes：In each cycle of training, determine that the base station of current l-th of cell cycle of training expects that the first power delay profile of channel is estimated according to pilot signal；Expect the power delay profile estimation of channel each cycle of training according to a pre-determined threshold and before, determine the multipath component for expecting channel current cycle of training；Determine the channel estimation for expecting channel current cycle of training.The method and device of the embodiment of the present application can expect that the power delay profile estimation of channel determines to expect the multipath component of channel each cycle of training by using pre-determined threshold and before, and then can realize the accurate channel estimation for eliminating pilot pollution.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to multiaerial system technical field, more particularly to a kind of multiaerial system channel estimation methods and channel
Estimation unit.
Background technology
In recent years, multiaerial system goes on a large scale should in modern wireless cellular system from theoretical research stage
With.In current wireless communication field, either in systems in practice or in theoretical research, the interference of minizone is already
As a bottleneck, this bottleneck seriously limits the channel capacity and throughput of communication system.In order to reduce inter-cell interference,
Current study hotspot is multi-user's multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) interference alignment skill
Art, and collaborative network.These technologies have been proved to effectively reduce inter-cell interference.However, in face of being exponentially increased
Data volume, including radiotelephone service, and ever-increasing wireless data demand, these technologies can not fundamentally band
Carry out the leap of power system capacity, can not also meet the demand of user.
Extensive MIMO (Massive MIMO) is to install a large amount of antennas to improve spatial resolution and antenna in base station
The new technique of array gain, the technology provides higher data transfer rate with relatively low power consumption so that the availability of frequency spectrum reaches
Unprecedented level, therefore become the very potential candidate technologies of the 5th generation cellular network.
Extensive MIMO subject matter is instantaneous channel state information (CSI, Channel State Information)
Acquisition.In this wireless transmission scheme, base station end has a low-power miniature antenna of enormous amount, and number of antennas is considerably beyond same
When the single-antenna subscriber quantity dispatched.Extensive MIMO can make wireless communication system reach very high throughput, when base station
Antenna number levels off to infinite, and channel capacity should be infinitely great.But in the scene of practical application, this is simultaneously invalid.Uniquely
Limiting factor be exactly pilot pollution (Pilot Contamination).In the time division multiplexing with preferable channel reciprocity
In (TDD, Time-Division Duplex) system, CSI can be obtained by ascending pilot frequency supplemental training.Due to finite length
Coherence time, the quantity of available orthogonal pilot frequency sequence is limited.Therefore, by multiplexed pilot sequence between several cells,
The user of neighbor cell sends the result and undesired user and base that identical pilot frequency sequence will cause base station to carry out channel estimation
Channel between standing, but the estimation after the training sequence pollution sent by the user of other cells.Due to the quantity of antenna
Level off to it is infinite, pilot pollution turn into systematic function (downlink transfer performance) bottleneck.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a kind of multiaerial system channel estimation scheme.
According to the first aspect of the application there is provided a kind of channel estimation methods of multiaerial system, the system includes L
Individual cell, each cell includes base station and K single-antenna subscriber with M root antennas, and methods described includes：
In each cycle of training, channel is expected in the base station for determining current l-th of cell cycle of training according to pilot signal
First power delay profile is estimated；
The power delay profile estimation of channel is expected each cycle of training according to a pre-determined threshold and before, it is determined that described work as
Preceding cycle of training expects the multipath component of channel；
Determine the channel estimation for expecting channel current cycle of training；
Wherein, L, M and K are positive integer, k=(0 ..., K-1), l=(0 ..., L-1).
According to the second aspect of the application there is provided a kind of channel estimating apparatus of multiaerial system, the system includes L
Individual cell, each cell includes base station and K single-antenna subscriber with M root antennas, and described device includes：
One first determining module, in each cycle of training, determining that current cycle of training is small l-th according to pilot signal
Expect the first power delay profile estimation of channel in the base station in area；
One second determining module, the power-delay for expecting channel each cycle of training according to a pre-determined threshold and before
Distribution estimation, determines the multipath component for expecting channel current cycle of training；
One the 3rd determining module, for determining the channel estimation for expecting channel current cycle of training；
Wherein, L, M and K are positive integer, k=(0 ..., K-1), l=(0 ..., L-1).
The method and device of the embodiment of the present application can expect letter each cycle of training by using pre-determined threshold and before
The power delay profile estimation in road determines to expect the multipath component of channel, and then can realize the accurate letter for eliminating pilot pollution
Estimate in road.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the multiaerial system channel estimation methods of the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of the first implementation of the multiaerial system channel estimating apparatus of the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 3 is a kind of implementation of the first determining module of the multiaerial system channel estimating apparatus of the embodiment of the present application
Block diagram；
Fig. 4 is a kind of implementation of the second determining module of the multiaerial system channel estimating apparatus of the embodiment of the present application
Block diagram；
The block diagram of second of implementation of the multiaerial system channel estimating apparatus of Fig. 5 the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 6 is a kind of application scenarios schematic diagram of each embodiment of the application；
Fig. 7 is pilot tone distribution schematic diagram in the example shown in Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 (a) is the first power delay profile schematic diagram in the 0th cycle of training in example shown in Fig. 6；
Fig. 8 (b) to Fig. 8 (c) is respectively the second power-delay point in example shown in Fig. 6 in the 1st and the 2nd cycle of training
Cloth schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is the block diagram of the third implementation of the multiaerial system channel estimating apparatus of the embodiment of the present application.
Embodiment
(identical label represents identical element in some accompanying drawings) and embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to the tool of the application
Body embodiment is described in further detail.Following examples are used to illustrate the application, but are not limited to scope of the present application.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that to be only used for difference asynchronous for the term such as " first ", " second " in the application
Suddenly, equipment or module etc., neither represent any particular technology implication, also do not indicate that the inevitable logical order between them.
Each embodiment of the application provides a kind of new channel estimation scheme of multiaerial system, and multiaerial system, which refers to, to be had
The ofdm system of the antenna of infinite many or extensive quantity, the system has L cell, and each cell has M roots day by one
The base station of line and the individual single-antenna subscriber compositions of K (K≤M), L, M and K are positive integer.For the base station of any cell, it is covered
In the range of user be referred to as expect user, expect the channel between user and the base station be referred to as expect channel；With it is expected that user answers
It is referred to as disturbing user with other community users of pilot tone, the channel between interference user and the base station turns into interference channel.At this
In the multiaerial system for applying for each embodiment, it is the multipath channel with sparse characteristic to expect channel and interference channel.Due to
The multipath component for expecting channel and interference channel is difficult to delay to reach receiving side (base station) with same in condition of sparse channel, is expected
The multipath component of channel and the multipath component of interference channel can divide in time domain, if it is desired to the time in every footpath of channel
Delay is known, and desired multipath component can be extracted from contaminated channel estimation.Therefore, each embodiment of the application is utilized
Channel time domain power delay profile (PDP, the Power Delay Profile) estimation obtained from the channel estimation in different antennae
Expect the delay in every footpath of channel, and then extract with the corresponding component of delay to carry out channel estimation.
As shown in figure 1, the multiaerial system channel estimation methods of the embodiment of the present application include：
S120. in each cycle of training, determine that the base station of current l-th of cell cycle of training is expected to believe according to pilot signal
The first power delay profile estimation in road, wherein, l=(0 ..., L-1).
In each embodiment of the application, " cycle of training " refers to the cycle that user carries out channel training by ascending pilot frequency,
I.e. user often sends out the time interval of a uplink pilot signal.In the step s 120, the first work(according to determined by pilot signal
Rate delay distribution is estimated as "ball-park" estimate, wherein the delay estimation for the multipath component for expecting channel is both included, also comprising interference
The multipath component delay estimation of channel.
S140. expect the power delay profile estimation of channel each cycle of training according to pre-determined threshold and before, determine institute
State the multipath component for expecting channel current cycle of training.
Because sparse characteristic is presented in multipath channel, multipath transmisstion is generally by the stronger main footpath (dominant of several energy
Paths) constitute, therefore, during most components in the estimation of the first power delay profile are corresponding footpath in zero, and nonzero component
A part belong to expectation channel, will belong to expect channel footpath corresponding to nonzero component and belong to interference channel footpath it is right
The nonzero component answered is distinguished, and can eliminate pollution.In step S140, according to a pre-determined threshold and before each cycle of training
The power delay profile estimation of channel can expect channel by belonging in the footpath corresponding to many power delay profile nonzero components
Multipath component is extracted.
S160. the channel estimation for expecting channel current cycle of training is determined.
Determine when in the footpath corresponding to nonzero component in the first power delay profile estimation for expect cycle of training channel
Belong to after the multipath component for expecting channel, you can it is determined that expecting the channel estimation of channel.
To sum up, the method for the embodiment of the present application can expect channel each cycle of training by using pre-determined threshold and before
Power delay profile estimation determine correspond to expect channel multipath component, and then realize eliminate pilot pollution it is accurate
Channel estimation.
In a kind of possible implementation, S120 further comprises：
S122. the channel estimation of each antenna in base station of current l-th of cell cycle of training is determined according to pilot signal：
Wherein,Represent k-th of user (expecting user) in b-th of cycle of training l-th of cell
To the multipath channel of the m root antennas of l-th of cell base station, NhRepresent channel impulse response (CIR, Channel Impulse
Response length),Represent the kth in b-th of cycle of training j-th of celljIndividual user (i.e. use by interference
Family, is determined by pilot tone allocation result) to l-th of cell base station m root antennas multipath channel, b=(0 ..., B-1), k=
(0 ..., K-1), j=(0 ..., L-1) and j ≠ l, m=(0 ..., M-1),Represent additive Gaussian noise.
S124. according to being determined the channel estimation on all antennas of the expectation channel of the current cycle of training
Expect the first power delay profile estimation of channel：
First power delay profile is estimated as "ball-park" estimate.Because sparse characteristic, multipath transmisstion is presented in multipath channel
Generally it is made up of several main footpaths, therefore, the channel estimation of multipath componentAnd first power delay profile estimationIn
Most components be approximately zero, and the part in the footpath corresponding to nonzero component belongs to expectation channel, should will belong to expectation letter
RoadFootpath corresponding to nonzero component and belong to interference channelFootpath corresponding to nonzero component distinguish, with eliminate
Pollution.In the method for the embodiment of the present application, step S140 further comprises：
S142. expect the power delay profile estimation of channel each cycle of training before (can be alternatively for rough estimate
Accurate estimation) and the current cycle of training the expectation channel the first power delay profile determine it is more accurate described
The second power delay profile estimation of the expectation channel of current cycle of training.Preferably, second power delay profile
EstimationCan be the power delay profile estimation for expecting channel each cycle of training before and first power-delay
The geometric average of estimation is distributed, i.e.,：
S144. estimated according to pre-determined threshold T and second power delay profile, determine the institute of the current cycle of training
State the delay estimation for the multipath component for expecting channel, and every footpath of the multipath component of recording desired channel：
The power-delay estimation for expecting the multipath component of channel is energy maximum in the estimation of the second power delay profile,
That is, will by pre-determined threshold T in step S144Middle energy is less to be filtered out.Pre-determined threshold may be configured as relative door
Limit, the preceding T multipath for taking energy maximum, (now T is integer, represents quantity), as used in present embodiment；Pre-determined threshold
Absolute thresholding is may also be configured to, all multipaths for taking energy to be more than T, (now T is real number, represents watt level).In addition, can lead to
Cross several ways and pre-determined threshold T is set.For example, being set according to statistical information before；Or because PDP is generally seen as referring to
Number function, or in other words, most of channel powers are concentrated between the multipath component for expecting channel, as long as pre-determined threshold T is
The quantity in the footpath stronger more than power, systematic function is hardly affected, therefore, and pre-determined threshold T can be set accordingly.
The multipath component that the expectation channel is directly extracted in step S160 constitutes new channel estimation：
It should be noted that the method for the embodiment of the present application can be performed by each base station, or held by the device independently of base station
OK, need to dispatch the up training of each cell according to the pilot allocation scheme of system before channel estimation is carried out.The application is real
Applying the method for example also includes step：
S100. the pilot allocation scheme of the system is determined.
Wherein, pilot allocation scheme can be formulated by the device of the method for execution the embodiment of the present application, also can be from the device
Outside is obtained.
S110. the up training of this cell is dispatched according to the allocative decision.
It is also contaminated in view of the PDP obtained, pilot allocation scheme determined by step S100 can be can
The pilot allocation scheme of pollution in randomization several continuous cycles of training.Have speech, in a kind of possible implementation,
In each cell of multiaerial system, K is included in the most cell of number of usersmaxIndividual user, pilot tone to be allocated is represented with K '
Quantity, quantity cycle of training is represented with B, then K ' is the prime number not less than K, B≤Kmax.Preferably, if KmaxFor prime number, K ' is taken
=KmaxIf, KmaxIt is not prime number, then K ' is taken slightly larger than KmaxPrime number.For can be in randomization several continuous cycles of training
Pollution, the pilot schemes include：In each cycle of training, at least described pilot tone for expecting user is distributed into the system
In other cells different user.Above-mentioned distribution can be realized by way of cyclic shift, for example, being each cell according to the following formula
User distribution pilot tone：
Wherein, AlThe pilot tone allocation matrix of l-th of cell is represented, mod represents complementation computing, be two values expression formula
Make the remainder after division arithmetic.AlL-th of cell of [b, k] individual element representation k-th of user within b-th of cycle of training
The corresponding index of pilot tone distributed, b=(0 ..., B-1).From above formula, AlR rows be to r-1 row elements carry out
L position of ring shift left is obtained.In above-mentioned matrix, (B-1) l+C of secondary series to the dividend on last row " mod " left side
In constant " C " be symmetric, and " K " in matrix generally takes Kmax.In each embodiment of the application, pilot tone to be allocated
It is pre-designed, is the respective index number of pilot settings to be allocated for sake of convenience.
It should also be noted that, carrying out pilot tone distribution by way of above-mentioned cyclic shift, all cells are enabled to
All users are in the interference suffered by each cycle of training from different users, and this is a kind of preferred implementation, may be used also
As needed, only cause individual user in the interference suffered by each cycle of training from different users, correspondingly, pilot tone
The method of salary distribution can be any appropriate mode outside cyclic shift.
By the pollution in above-mentioned pilot allocation scheme randomization B continuous cycles of training, by using all B
The PDP polluted with randomization, can more accurately obtain the PDP of extraction and accurately delay, and final extract corresponds to standard
The multipath component of true delay, and then more accurately channel estimation is obtained, and required prior information is few, it is not necessary to minizone
Cooperation, complexity is low.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the above method of the application embodiment, the sequence number of each step
Size is not meant to the priority of execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each step should be determined with its function and internal logic, without answering
Implementation process to the application embodiment constitutes any limit.
In addition, the embodiment of the present application additionally provides a kind of computer-readable medium, including following behaviour is carried out when executed
The computer-readable instruction of work：Perform the operation of each step of method in above-mentioned Fig. 1 illustrated embodiments.
Present invention also provides a kind of multiaerial system channel estimating apparatus.The device can belong to or independently of multiple antennas system
Any base station in system.In each embodiment of the application, base station refer to " base station " referring broadly to the network-side of terminal communication with
Machine node, Node B, eNode B, base station, AP (access point) etc..As shown in Fig. 2 the channel estimation of the embodiment of the present application
Device 200 includes：
First determining module 220, in each cycle of training, l-th of current cycle of training is determined according to pilot signal
The first power delay profile estimation of channel is expected in the base station of cell, wherein, l=(0 ..., L-1).First determining module 220
"ball-park" estimate is estimated as according to the first power delay profile determined by pilot signal, wherein both comprising the multipath point for expecting channel
The delay estimation of amount, also the multipath component delay estimation comprising interference channel.
Second determining module 240, the power-delay for expecting channel each cycle of training according to pre-determined threshold and before
Distribution estimation, determines the multipath component for expecting channel current cycle of training.
Because sparse characteristic is presented in multipath channel, multipath transmisstion is generally made up of several main footpaths, therefore, the first power-delay
Most components in distribution estimation are that the part in corresponding footpath in zero, and nonzero component belongs to expectation channel, will be belonged to
It is expected that the nonzero component corresponding to the footpath of channel is distinguished with belonging to the nonzero component corresponding to the footpath of interference channel, can eliminate
Pollution.Second determining module 240 according to pre-determined threshold and before each cycle of training channel the power of part multipath component prolong
Distribution estimation late can will belong to the multipath component extraction for expecting channel in the footpath corresponding to many power delay profile nonzero components
Out.
3rd determining module 260, for determining the channel estimation for expecting channel current cycle of training.
Determine and belong to the multipath point for expecting channel in the footpath corresponding to the nonzero component of the first power delay profile estimation
After amount, you can it is determined that expecting the channel estimation of channel.
To sum up, the method for the embodiment of the present application can expect letter each cycle of training by using pre-determined threshold and before
The power delay profile estimation in road determines to correspond to the multipath component for expecting channel, and then ignores pilot pollution and carry out accurately
Channel estimation.
As shown in figure 3, in a kind of possible implementation, the first determining module 220 further comprises：
First determining unit 222, each antenna in base station for determining current l-th of cell cycle of training according to pilot signal
Channel estimation：
Wherein,Represent k-th of user (expecting user) in b-th of cycle of training l-th of cell
To the multipath channel of the m root antennas of l-th of cell base station, NhThe length of channel impulse response is represented,Represent
Kth in b-th of cycle of training j-th of celljIndividual user's (disturbing user, determined by pilot tone allocation result) is to l-th
The multipath channel of the m root antennas of cell base station, b=(0 ..., B-1), k=(0 ..., K-1), j=(0 ..., L-1) and j ≠
L, m=(0 ..., M-1),Represent additive Gaussian noise.
Second determining unit 224, the channel estimation on all antennas according to the current cycle of training is determined
The the first power delay profile estimation for expecting channel：
First power delay profile is estimated as "ball-park" estimate.Because sparse characteristic, multipath transmisstion is presented in multipath channel
Generally it is made up of several main footpaths, therefore, the channel estimation of multipath componentAnd first power delay profile estimationIn
Most components be zero, and the part in the footpath corresponding to nonzero component belongs to expectation channel, should will belong to expectation channel
Footpath corresponding to nonzero component and belong to interference channelFootpath corresponding to nonzero component distinguish, to eliminate pollution.
As shown in figure 4, in the device 200 of the embodiment of the present application, the second determining module 240 further comprises：
3rd determining unit 242, for expecting that the estimation of channel (can be rough estimate each cycle of training before
For accurate estimation) and the first power delay profile of the expectation channel of the current cycle of training determine the current instruction
Practice the second power delay profile estimation of the expectation channel in cycle.Preferably, the second power delay profile estimationCan be the power delay profile estimation for expecting channel each cycle of training before and first power delay profile
The geometric average of estimation, i.e.,：
4th determining unit 244, for being estimated according to pre-determined threshold T and second power delay profile, it is determined that described
The delay estimation of the multipath component of the expectation channel of current cycle of training, and every of the multipath component of recording desired channel
Footpath：
The power-delay estimation for expecting the multipath component of channel is energy maximum in the estimation of the second power delay profile,
That is, the 4th determining unit 244 will by pre-determined threshold TMiddle energy is less to be filtered out.Pre-determined threshold may be configured as relatively
Thresholding, the preceding T multipath for taking energy maximum, (now T is integer, represents quantity)；Absolute thresholding is may also be configured to, takes energy big
In T all multipaths, (now T is real number, represents watt level).In addition, pre-determined threshold T can be set by several ways.Example
Such as, set according to statistical information before；Or because PDP is generally seen as exponential function, or in other words, most of letters
Road power is concentrated between the multipath component for expecting channel, as long as pre-determined threshold T exceedes the quantity in the stronger footpath of power, systematicness
It can hardly be affected, therefore, pre-determined threshold T can be set accordingly.
3rd determining module 260 directly extracts the multipath component of the expectation channel, constitutes new channel estimation：
It should be noted that the device of the embodiment of the present application is needed before channel estimation is carried out according to the pilot tone of system point
Up training with each cell of scheme schedules.As shown in figure 5, the device 200 of the embodiment of the present application also includes：
4th determining module 210, the pilot allocation scheme for determining the system.
Wherein, pilot allocation scheme can be formulated by the device of the method for execution the embodiment of the present application, also can be from the device
Outside is obtained.
Scheduler module 280, the up training for dispatching this cell according to the allocative decision.
It is also contaminated in view of the PDP obtained, pilot allocation scheme determined by the 4th determining module 210 can
For the pilot allocation scheme of pollution that can be in randomization several continuous cycles of training.Has speech, in the possible realization of one kind
In mode, in each cell of multiaerial system, K is included in the most cell of number of usersmaxIndividual user, is represented to treat point with K '
The pilot number matched somebody with somebody, quantity cycle of training is represented with B, then K ' is not less than KmaxPrime number, B≤Kmax.Preferably, if Kmax
For prime number, K '=K is takenmaxIf, KmaxIt is not prime number, then K ' is taken slightly larger than KmaxPrime number.For being capable of the several continuous instructions of randomization
Practice the pollution in the cycle, the pilot schemes include：In each cycle of training, at least described pilot tone for expecting user is distributed
Different user to other cells in the system.Above-mentioned distribution can be realized by way of cyclic shift, for example, according to the following formula
Pilot tone is distributed for the user of each cell：
Wherein, AlThe pilot tone allocation matrix of l-th of cell is represented, mod represents complementation computing, be two values expression formula
Make the remainder after division arithmetic.AlL-th of cell of [b, k] individual element representation k-th of user within b-th of cycle of training
The corresponding symbol of pilot tone distributed, b=(0 ..., B-1).From above formula, AlR rows be to r-1 row elements carry out
L position of ring shift left is obtained.In above-mentioned matrix, (B-1) l+C of secondary series to the dividend on last row " mod " left side
In constant " C " be symmetric, and " K " in matrix generally takes Kmax.In each embodiment of the application, pilot tone to be allocated
It is pre-designed, is the respective index number of pilot settings to be allocated for sake of convenience.
It should also be noted that, carrying out pilot tone distribution by way of above-mentioned cyclic shift, all cells are enabled to
All users are in the interference suffered by each cycle of training from different users, and this is a kind of preferred implementation, may be used also
As needed, only cause individual user in the interference suffered by each cycle of training from different users, correspondingly, pilot tone
The method of salary distribution can be any appropriate mode outside cyclic shift.
By the pollution in above-mentioned pilot allocation scheme randomization B continuous cycles of training, by using all B
The PDP polluted with randomization, can more accurately obtain the PDP of extraction and accurately delay, and final extract corresponds to standard
The multipath component of true delay, and then obtain more accurately channel estimation.
The method and device of each embodiment of the application is further illustrated with instantiation below.
By taking the ofdm system with N number of subcarrier shown in Fig. 6 as an example, the system includes three cells, Cell0,
Include the base station with M root antennas and three lists in Cell1 and Cell2, namely l ∈ { 0,1,2 }, each cell respectively
Antenna user UE0, UE1, UE2, namely Kmax=3, k ∈ { 0,1,2 }.Up training stage, pilot tone is inserted into N number of subcarrier
Np, to detect the CSI of each user.To put it more simply, Np=N is assumed, that is, all subcarriers are used for channel detection.For
Eliminate the pilot orthogonal of the user in the interference of multi-user in cell, same cell.Realized using time division mechanism orthogonal：Often
The exclusive OFDM symbol of individual user is used to train, each cycle of training K '=K altogethermax=3 OFDM symbols are used for each small
The training in area.Assuming that minizone is time-multiplexed entirely, this 3 OFDM symbols are shared by all cells, and then cause serious pilot tone
Pollution.By taking cell Cell0 as an example, the pilot signal for expecting user UE0 in the up training stage, cell Cell0 is (most thick
Solid line) (dotted line) is disturbed by the interference user UE0 in Cell1 and Cell2, cause Cell0 base station to expecting user UE0
Channel estimation forbidden, namely there is pilot pollution.In order to obtain accurate CSI, by Cell0 base station or by independently of the base
The device stood according to the embodiment of the present application method, it is first determined the pilot allocation scheme of each cell：
The pilot number K ' determined according to number of users is 3, has B=3 cycle of training.3 pilot tones take often respectively
Preceding 3 OFDM symbols of individual cycle of training.3 use of 3 cells in 3 cycles of training are generated by the way of cyclic shift
The pilot allocation scheme at family so that the pilot pollution that all users are subject in each training comes from different user.With 3 × 3
Allocation matrix AlL-th of cell of [b, k] individual element representation k-th of user OFDM shared within b-th of cycle of training
The index of symbol.AlThe 1st row element be [012], r row elements are to carry out ring shift left l position to r-1 row elements.
Obtained allocation matrix A0, A1, A2Respectively:
Element value in matrix is the notation index shared by the pilot tone of user, its corresponding pilot tone allocation result such as Fig. 7
It is shown.
After the up training scheduling that this cell is carried out according to above-mentioned pilot allocation scheme, channel is carried out as steps described below and is estimated
Meter：
In cycle of training 0, all antennas of channel are expected in the base station for determining current Cell0 cycle of training according to pilot signal
Channel estimation：
The first power-delay of the expectation channel is determined according to the channel estimation of expectation all multipath components of channel
Distribution estimation.
Shown in its power delay profile such as Fig. 8 (a).
Cycle of training 0 is first cycle of training, therefore without cycle of training before can be for reference, therefore, direct root
Determine to expect the power delay profile estimation of the multipath component of channel second, and the multipath point of recording desired channel according to pre-determined threshold T
Every footpath in amount：
The multipath component for expecting channel is directly extracted, new channel estimation is constituted：
In cycle of training 1, the channel estimation of the current Cell0 cycle of training all antennas in base station is determined according to pilot signal
And expect the first power delay profile estimation of channel：
According to the first power delay profile estimation expected cycle of training 0 in channel with expecting channel the cycle of training 1
The first power delay profile estimation, determine described in cycle of training 1 expect channel the second power delay profile estimation：
Shown in its power delay profile such as Fig. 8 (b).
The second power delay profile according to channel is expected pre-determined threshold T and current cycle of training is estimated, it is determined that current instruction
Practice the cycle and it is expected that the power delay profile of the multipath component of channel is estimated and recorded in the multipath component of corresponding expectation channel
Every footpath：
The multipath component for expecting channel can be directly extracted, new channel estimation is constituted：
In cycle of training 2, the channel estimation of the current Cell0 cycle of training all antennas in base station is determined according to pilot signal
And expect the first power delay profile estimation of channel：
According to the second power delay profile estimation of cycle of training 0 and expectation cycle of training 1 channel and the cycle of training 2
Expect the first power delay profile estimation of channel, determine to expect the second power delay profile of channel described in cycle of training 2
Estimation.
Shown in its power delay profile such as Fig. 8 (c).
The second power delay profile according to channel is expected pre-determined threshold T and current cycle of training is estimated, it is determined that current instruction
Practice the cycle and it is expected that the work(of the multipath component of corresponding expectation channel is estimated and recorded to the power delay profile of the multipath component of channel
Rate delay distribution estimation, and every footpath of the multipath component of recording desired channel：
The multipath component for expecting channel is directly extracted, new channel estimation is constituted：
In the present embodiment, by the up training of B=3 cycle of training, accurately channel estimation is carried out enough.
The structural representation for the multiaerial system channel estimating apparatus 900 that Fig. 9 provides for the embodiment of the present application, the application tool
Body embodiment is not limited implementing for multiaerial system channel estimating apparatus 900.As shown in figure 9, the multiple antennas system
System channel estimating apparatus 900 can include：
Processor (processor) 910, communication interface (Communications Interface) 920, memory
(memory) 930 and communication bus 940.Wherein：
Processor 910, communication interface 920 and memory 930 complete mutual communication by communication bus 940.
Communication interface 920, communicates for the network element with such as client etc..
Processor 910, for configuration processor 932, can specifically realize multiaerial system in above-mentioned Fig. 2 device embodiment
The correlation function of channel estimating apparatus.
Specifically, program 932 can include program code, and described program code includes computer-managed instruction.
Processor 910 is probably a central processor CPU, or specific integrated circuit ASIC (Application
Specific Integrated Circuit), or it is arranged to implement one or more integrated electricity of the embodiment of the present application
Road.Program 932 specifically can be used for so that the multiaerial system channel estimating apparatus 900 performs following steps：
In each cycle of training, channel is expected in the base station for determining current l-th of cell cycle of training according to pilot signal
First power delay profile is estimated；
The power delay profile estimation of channel is expected each cycle of training according to a pre-determined threshold and before, it is determined that described work as
Preceding cycle of training expects the multipath component of channel；
Determine the channel estimation for expecting channel current cycle of training.
Each step implements correspondence in the corresponding steps and unit that may refer in above-described embodiment in program 932
Description, will not be described here.It is apparent to those skilled in the art that, it is for convenience and simplicity of description, above-mentioned
The equipment of description and the specific work process of module, may be referred to the corresponding process description in preceding method embodiment, herein not
Repeat again.
It is apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and simplicity of description, the equipment of foregoing description
With the specific work process of module, the correspondence description in aforementioned means embodiment is may be referred to, be will not be repeated here.
Although subject matter described herein is held in the execution on the computer systems of binding operation system and application program
There is provided in capable general context, but it will be appreciated by the appropriately skilled person that may also be combined with other kinds of program module
To perform other realizations.In general, program module include perform particular task or realize particular abstract data type routine,
Program, component, data structure and other kinds of structure.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that subject matter described herein can
To be put into practice using other computer system configurations, including portable equipment, multicomputer system, based on microprocessor or it can compile
Journey consumption electronic product, minicom, mainframe computer etc., it is possible to use task by communication network by being connected wherein
In the DCE that remote processing devices are performed.In a distributed computing environment, program module can be located locally and far
Journey memory storage device both in.
Those of ordinary skill in the art are it is to be appreciated that the list of each example described with reference to the embodiments described herein
Member and method and step, can be realized with the combination of electronic hardware or computer software and electronic hardware.These functions are actually
Performed with hardware or software mode, depending on the application-specific and design constraint of technical scheme.Professional and technical personnel
Described function can be realized using distinct methods to each specific application, but this realization is it is not considered that exceed
Scope of the present application.
If the function is realized using in the form of SFU software functional unit and is used as independent production marketing or in use, can be with
It is stored in a computer read/write memory medium.Understood based on such, the technical scheme of the application is substantially in other words
The part contributed to original technology or the part of the technical scheme can be embodied in the form of software product, the meter
Calculation machine software product is stored in a storage medium, including some instructions are to cause a computer equipment (can be individual
People's computer, server, or network equipment etc.) perform all or part of step of the application each embodiment methods described.
And foregoing computer read/write memory medium include with store as computer-readable instruction, data structure, program module or its
Any mode or technology of the information such as his data are come the physics volatibility realized and non-volatile, removable and can not be because of east Jie
Matter.Computer read/write memory medium is specifically included, but is not limited to, USB flash disk, mobile hard disk, read-only storage (ROM, Read-
Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EPROM
(EPROM), EEPROM (EEPROM), flash memory or other solid-state memory technologies, CD-ROM, numeral are more
Functional disc (DVD), HD-DVD, blue light (Blue-Ray) or other light storage devices, tape, disk storage or other magnetic storages
Equipment can be used for any other medium for storing information needed and being accessed by computer.
Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate the application, and the not limitation to the application, about the common of technical field
Technical staff, in the case where not departing from spirit and scope, can also make a variety of changes and modification, therefore all
Equivalent technical scheme falls within the category of the application, and the scope of patent protection of the application should be defined by the claims.
Claims (17)
1. a kind of channel estimation methods of multiaerial system, it is characterised in that the system includes L cell, each cell
Including the base station with M root antennas and K single-antenna subscriber, methods described includes：
In each cycle of training, the first of channel is expected in the base station for determining current l-th of cell cycle of training according to pilot signal
Power delay profile is estimated；
Expect the power delay profile estimation of channel each cycle of training according to a pre-determined threshold and before, determine the current instruction
Practice the multipath component of cycle expectation channel；
Determine the channel estimation for expecting channel current cycle of training；
Wherein, L, M and K are positive integer, k=(0 ..., K-1), l=(0 ..., L-1).
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described also includes：
Determine the pilot allocation scheme of the system；
The up training of l-th of cell is dispatched according to the allocative decision.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the expectation channel is expectation user to the letter between base station
Road；
The pilot schemes include：In each cycle of training, at least described pilot tone for expecting user is distributed into the system
In other cells different user.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that will at least described expectation user by way of cyclic shift
Pilot tone distribute to the different users of other cells in the system.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that be that user's distribution of each cell is led in the pilot schemes
The pilot tone allocation matrix of frequency is as follows：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfenced open = "(" close = ")">
<mtable>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>...</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow></mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow></mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>...</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow></mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>...</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mfenced>
</mrow>
Wherein, AlRepresent the pilot tone allocation matrix of l-th of cell, AlK-th of l-th of cell of [b, k] individual element representation use
The corresponding index of pilot tone that family is distributed within b-th of cycle of training, B represents quantity cycle of training, and B≤Kmax, KmaxRepresent
The number of users of the most cell of user in the system, b=(0 ..., B-1).
6. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the pilot schemes also include：Distribute to identical cell
The pilot orthogonal of interior user；User's multiplexed pilot in different cells.
7. method according to any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that described to be determined currently according to pilot signal
Cycle of training, the base station of l-th of cell expected that the first power delay profile estimation of channel includes：
The channel estimation of each antenna in base station of current l-th of cell cycle of training is determined according to pilot signal；
The first power-delay of the expectation channel of the current cycle of training is determined according to the channel estimation of each antenna
Distribution estimation.
8. method according to any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that it is described according to a pre-determined threshold and it
Expect the power delay profile estimation of channel preceding cycle of training, determine the multipath component bag for expecting channel current cycle of training
Include：
According to the power delay profile estimation and the expectation of the current cycle of training for expecting channel each cycle of training before
The first power delay profile estimation of channel, determines the second power-delay point of the expectation channel of the current cycle of training
Cloth is estimated；
Estimated according to the second power delay profile of the pre-determined threshold and the expectation channel of the current cycle of training, really
The fixed multipath component for expecting channel current cycle of training.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the second of the expectation channel of the current cycle of training
Power delay profile is estimated as the power delay profile estimation and the current training for expecting channel each cycle of training before
The geometric average of the first power delay profile estimation of the expectation channel in cycle.
10. a kind of channel estimating apparatus of multiaerial system, it is characterised in that the system includes L cell, each cell
Including the base station with M root antennas and K single-antenna subscriber, described device includes：
One first determining module, in each cycle of training, current l-th of cell cycle of training to be determined according to pilot signal
Expect the first power delay profile estimation of channel in base station；
One second determining module, the power delay profile for expecting channel each cycle of training according to a pre-determined threshold and before
Estimation, determines the multipath component for expecting channel current cycle of training；
One the 3rd determining module, for determining the channel estimation for expecting channel current cycle of training；
Wherein, L, M and K are positive integer, k=(0 ..., K-1), l=(0 ..., L-1).
11. device according to claim 10, it is characterised in that described device also includes：
One the 4th determining module, the pilot allocation scheme for determining the system；
One scheduler module, the up training for dispatching l-th of cell according to the allocative decision.
12. device according to claim 11, it is characterised in that the expectation channel is expectation user between base station
Channel；
The pilot schemes that 4th determining module is determined include：In each cycle of training, at least described it will expect to use
The pilot tone at family distributes to the different user of other cells in the system.
13. device according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the 4th determining module is by way of cyclic shift
At least described pilot tone for expecting user is distributed to the different user of other cells in the system.
14. device according to claim 13, it is characterised in that the 4th determining module is distributed according to following pilot tone
Matrix distributes pilot tone for the user of each cell：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfenced open = "(" close = ")">
<mtable>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mn>0</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>1</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>2</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>...</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>K</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow></mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow></mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>...</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow></mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mn>...</mn>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>l</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mi>mod</mi>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mfenced>
</mrow>
Wherein, AlRepresent the pilot tone allocation matrix of l-th of cell, AlK-th of l-th of cell of [b, k] individual element representation use
The corresponding index of pilot tone that family is distributed within b-th of cycle of training, B represents quantity cycle of training, and B≤Kmax, KmaxRepresent
The number of users of the most cell of user in the system, b=(0 ..., B-1).
15. device according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the pilot schemes that the 4th determining module is determined
Also include：Distribute to the pilot orthogonal of the user in identical cell；User's multiplexed pilot in different cells.
16. the device according to any one of claim 10 to 15, it is characterised in that first determining module includes：
One first determining unit, the letter of each antenna in base station for determining current l-th of cell cycle of training according to pilot signal
Estimate in road；
One second determining unit, the expectation for determining the current cycle of training according to the channel estimation of each antenna
The first power delay profile estimation of channel.
17. the device according to any one of claim 10 to 15, it is characterised in that second determining module includes：
One the 3rd determining unit, for expecting that the power delay profile of channel is estimated and described current each cycle of training before
The first power delay profile estimation of the expectation channel of cycle of training, determines the expectation letter of the current cycle of training
The second power delay profile estimation in road；
One the 4th determining unit, for second according to the pre-determined threshold and the expectation channel of the current cycle of training
Power delay profile is estimated, determines the multipath component of the expectation channel of the current cycle of training.
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| CN1529439A (en) * | 2003-09-28 | 2004-09-15 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | CDMA system multi-path-search relative-threhold setting method and device |
| CN102006114A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2011-04-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Intelligent antenna system and spread-spectrum signal receiver |
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| CN1529439A (en) * | 2003-09-28 | 2004-09-15 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | CDMA system multi-path-search relative-threhold setting method and device |
| CN102006114A (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2011-04-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Intelligent antenna system and spread-spectrum signal receiver |
| CN103298124A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-09-11 | 东南大学 | Spatial-orthogonality-based large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) system pilot frequency distribution method |
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