CN104201019B - Manufacturing process of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact and products thereof - Google Patents
Manufacturing process of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact and products thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104201019B CN104201019B CN201410407709.3A CN201410407709A CN104201019B CN 104201019 B CN104201019 B CN 104201019B CN 201410407709 A CN201410407709 A CN 201410407709A CN 104201019 B CN104201019 B CN 104201019B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electrical contact
- silver
- copper alloy
- zno
- cupric oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Contacts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses manufacturing process of a kind of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact and products thereof, its process for making is: melting, ingot casting, hot extrusion, be drawn into alloy wire, through the sheet material of the required specification of cold-heading molding, make electrical contact product through oxidation processes after diffusion annealing again. The electrical contact product that adopts preparation method of the present invention to produce is characterized in that surface contacted resistance is low, has good electrical property, arc extinction performance, and resistance fusion welding can be strong, its high comprehensive performance. Processing method is simple, and stock utilization is high, and objectionable impurities is few, and production cost is low, with short production cycle. Economic benefit and social benefit are remarkable especially.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrical contact manufacturing technology field, specifically refer to manufacturing process of a kind of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact and products thereof.
Background technology
In low voltage equipment, the core parts electrical contact of control apparatus is carrying the burdensome task of connecting breaking current. It is the important guarantee that ensures equipment safety operation and people's security of the lives and property.
Using at present electrical contact production technology is nothing but that the large class of powder metallurgy and alloy inner oxidation method two is produced. Each contact manufacturer continues to use alloy inner oxidation method and produces the in the majority of electrical contact product. The method production link covers the process implementations such as weld layer, cold rolling, punch forming, oxidation processes by melting, ingot casting, surface treatment, hot rolling. Production link is many, and the production cycle is long, and production efficiency is low, and production cost is high, and stock utilization low (only having 38%～54%). Material back and forth has enough to meet the need input, brings more impurity composition to contact matrix, and contact matrix is polluted, and its performance is had a strong impact on. Fall flat and service life. And the Ag-ZnO contact ubiquity temperature rise that existing low voltage equipment uses, the drawback that surface contacted resistance is large, easily melting welding is on the hazard safety.
Thereby solving above-mentioned shortcoming and drawback has real and far-reaching significance and considerable economic worth.
Summary of the invention
First object of the present invention is the shortcoming and defect existing in order to overcome prior art, and a kind of manufacturing process of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact is provided. By this manufacturing process, simplify technical process, thereby improved stock utilization, reduce production cost, process simplification makes to bring into impurity level minimizing simultaneously, and the conductance of electrical contact is obviously improved.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact product that utilizes above-mentioned manufacture method to process.
For realizing first object of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is
(1) preparation of silk material:
1.1, vacuum melting casting obtains silver zinc copper alloy cast ingot;
1.2, under protective gas, heating-up temperature is 530 DEG C～780 DEG C, and silver zinc copper alloy cast ingot prepared step (1.1) is obtained to silver zinc copper alloy wire by hot extrusion;
1.3, the silver zinc copper alloy wire process of step (1.2) is drawn into the silver zinc copper alloy wire of φ 1.5 ㎜～φ 5 ㎜;
(2) on cold headers, silver zinc copper alloy wire and the filamentary silver of step (1) are cut into segment, and longitudinally coaxial sequence cold-heading be deformed into diameter Wei φ ﹙ 2.5～10 ﹚ ㎜, thickness Wei δ ﹙ 0.5～3.0 ﹚ ㎜ electrical contact blank;
(3) electrical contact blank step (2) being formed is between the temperature of 360 DEG C～600 DEG C and have under gas shield state destressing diffusion annealing 1 hour～8 hours, then comes out of the stove below with cooling 80 DEG C of stove, obtains electrical contact semi-finished product;
(4) the electrical contact semi-finished product after (3) annealing are packed in the electric furnace of logical oxygen and carry out differential temperature oxidation processes: between 500 DEG C～700 DEG C of temperature, pressure is oxidation processes 10 hours～40 hours between 0.8Mpa～2Mpa; Continuing to heat up between 600 DEG C～800 DEG C is between 0.8Mpa～2Mpa, to reoxidize to process after end in 8 hours～38 hours by the contact in electric furnace at pressure continuously again, comes out of the stove and obtains electrical contact articles of sheet material through surface treatment.
Further arrange is that in described step (1.1), the material quality percentage of silver zinc copper alloy cast ingot is: zinc (3～10) %; Copper (1～8) %; Yttrium or cerium (0.01～1) %; Surplus is silver.
Further arrange is that silver zinc copper B alloy wire in described step (2) is (7～14) with the ratio of filamentary silver: 1.
Further arranging is that described step (1.2) protective gas is inert gas or hydrogen.
For realizing second goal of the invention of the present invention, its technical scheme is that it comprises following component, by percentage to the quality: zinc oxide (3.73～12.45) %; Cupric oxide (1.25～10.01) %; Yittrium oxide or cerium oxide (0.013～2.54) %; Surplus is silver.
The surface contacted resistance of the electrical contact product of fabrication process of the present invention is low, there is good electrical property, arc extinction performance, resistance fusion welding can be strong, its high comprehensive performance, processing method is simple, and stock utilization is high, objectionable impurities is few, production cost is low, with short production cycle, and economic benefit and social benefit are remarkable especially.
In this technique, add copper and rare earth element to make its contact matrix grain refinement, physical property further improves simultaneously, and the copper in contact matrix and rare earth element have its good arc extinction performance, thereby the combination property of contact is obviously promoted.
Technical scheme of the present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
Electrical contact product metallographic structure through the inventive method processing is even, and crystal grain is tiny, and multiple layer bond strength is high.
Cover weld layer, cold rolling, punch forming with the general melting of punching internal oxidation process process, ingot casting, surface treatment, hot rolling, reoxidize and process compared with, outstanding feature of the present invention is to have changed its manufacturing technique method, has simplified technical process. It is the sheet material electrical contact product of cold-heading composite welding layer. The contact sheet material of required size specification is prepared in cold-heading, then destressing diffusion annealing, carries out differential temperature oxidation processes and obtains electrical contact product. Save the operation of rolling plate (hot rolling multiple weld layer, cold rolling), punch forming and also reduced melting number of times simultaneously, solve the reciprocal turnover of rim charge, reduce by the impurity that repeatedly overlapping investment waste is brought into, reduced the probability that contact matrix is polluted, conductance is obviously improved. Make stock utilization increase substantially (can reach more than 90%), and existing stock utilization only have 38%～54%, and production cost is obviously declined. Outstanding economic effect and social benefit are shown.
Differential temperature oxidation can be shortened oxidization time, and oxide is evenly distributed, and poor oxide region convergence is zero, and oxide concentration is the same outside and inside, and wear resistance is significantly strengthened.
The electrical contact of the compound preparation of cold-heading is higher than the electrical contact density of punching, resistivity obviously reduces, make electrical contact when operation surface contacted resistance reduce, temperature rise be improved significantly. Copper in contact matrix and rare earth element (yttrium or cerium) have its good arc extinction performance. Thereby the combination property of contact is obviously promoted.
Properties of product contrast sees the following form:
| Performance | Cold-heading processing | Punching processing |
| Electricity Zu is Shuaied ﹙ μ Ω c ㎡ ﹚ | 2.4～2.9 | 2.7～3.4 |
| Mi Du ﹙ g/ ㎝3﹚ | 9.7～9.98 | 9.5～9.8 |
| Ying Du ﹙ HV ﹚ Mpa | 780～960 | 680～770 |
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described further.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, the present invention is specifically described; only be used to further illustrate the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention, the technician in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment to the present invention according to the content of foregoing invention.
Embodiment mono-:
1, press constituent element quality proportioning: zinc: 5%; Copper: 1.5%; Yttrium: 0.03%; Surplus silver. Melting ingot casting forms silver zinc copper alloy pig.
2, silver zinc copper alloy pig is heated through being squeezed into wire rod, then through pulling to the silk material that diameter is φ 1.5 ㎜.
3,2 silk material and filamentary silver is combined into the sheet material contact product of φ 3 ㎜ × 0.8 ㎜ on cold headers through the segment upsetting system that it is suitable that cold headers cut into length.
4,3 contact product is poured in the electric furnace of argon gas to diffusion annealing 60 minutes at 480 DEG C of vacuum states, be cooled to 80 DEG C with stove and take out products.
5,4 product being packed in the electric furnace that logical oxygen pressure is 1.2Mpa is 620 DEG C of oxidation processes 6 hours first Xian of temperature, then is warming up to 700 DEG C of oxidation processes 6 hours with stove. Cool to the furnace 100 DEG C come out of the stove below electrical contact finished product.
Embodiment bis-:
1, press constituent element quality proportioning: zinc: 7%; Copper: 3%; Yttrium: 0.05%; Surplus silver. Melting ingot casting forms silver zinc copper alloy pig.
2, silver zinc copper alloy pig is heated through being squeezed into wire rod, then through pulling to the silk material that diameter is φ 2.5 ㎜.
3,2 silk material and filamentary silver is combined into the sheet material contact product of φ 5 ㎜ × 1.3 ㎜ on cold headers through the segment upsetting system that it is suitable that cold headers cut into length.
4,3 contact product is poured in the electric furnace of argon gas to diffusion annealing 90 minutes at 500 DEG C of vacuum states, be cooled to 80 DEG C with stove and take out products.
5,4 product being packed in the electric furnace that logical oxygen pressure is 1.2Mpa is 630 DEG C of oxidation processes 18 hours first Xian of temperature, then is warming up to 710 DEG C of oxidation processes 16 hours with stove. Cool to the furnace 100 DEG C come out of the stove below electrical contact finished product.
Embodiment tri-:
1, press constituent element quality proportioning: zinc: 8%; Copper: 4%; Cerium: 0.02%; Surplus silver. Melting ingot casting forms silver zinc copper alloy pig.
2, silver zinc copper alloy pig is heated through being squeezed into wire rod, then through pulling to the silk material that diameter is φ 3 ㎜.
3,2 silk material and filamentary silver is combined into the sheet material contact product of φ 6 ㎜ × 1.5 ㎜ on cold headers through the segment upsetting system that it is suitable that cold headers cut into length.
4,3 contact product is poured in the electric furnace of argon gas to diffusion annealing 90 minutes at 520 DEG C of vacuum states, be cooled to 80 DEG C with stove and take out products.
5,4 product being packed in the electric furnace that logical oxygen pressure is 1.2Mpa is 630 DEG C of oxidation processes 22 hours first Xian of temperature, then is warming up to 720 DEG C of oxidation processes 20 hours with stove. Cool to the furnace 100 DEG C come out of the stove below electrical contact finished product.
Embodiment tetra-:
1, press constituent element quality proportioning: zinc: 9%; Copper: 4%; Cerium: 0.02%; Surplus silver. Melting ingot casting forms silver zinc copper alloy pig.
2, silver zinc copper alloy pig is heated through being squeezed into wire rod, then through pulling to the silk material that diameter is φ 3.5 ㎜.
3,2 silk material and filamentary silver is combined into the sheet material contact product of φ 8 ㎜ × 1.7 ㎜ on cold headers through the segment upsetting system that it is suitable that cold headers cut into length.
4,3 contact product is poured in the electric furnace of argon gas to diffusion annealing 120 minutes at 540 DEG C of vacuum states, be cooled to 80 DEG C with stove and take out products.
5,4 product being packed in the electric furnace that logical oxygen pressure is 1.2Mpa is 650 DEG C of oxidation processes 26 hours first Xian of temperature, then is warming up to 730 DEG C of oxidation processes 24 hours with stove. Cool to the furnace 100 DEG C come out of the stove below electrical contact finished product.
Embodiment five:
1, press constituent element quality proportioning: zinc: 6%; Copper: 3%; Yttrium: 0.03%; Surplus silver. Melting ingot casting forms silver zinc copper alloy pig.
2, silver zinc copper alloy pig is heated through being squeezed into wire rod, then through pulling to the silk material that diameter is φ 4 ㎜.
3,2 silk material and filamentary silver is combined into the sheet material contact product of φ 9 ㎜ × 2 ㎜ on cold headers through the segment upsetting system that it is suitable that cold headers cut into length.
4,3 contact product is poured in the electric furnace of argon gas to diffusion annealing 150 minutes at 560 DEG C of vacuum states, be cooled to 80 DEG C with stove and take out products.
5,4 product being packed in the electric furnace that logical oxygen pressure is 1.2Mpa is 650 DEG C of oxidation processes 32 hours first Xian of temperature, then is warming up to 730 DEG C of oxidation processes 30 hours with stove. Cool to the furnace 100 DEG C come out of the stove below electrical contact finished product.
Embodiment six:
1, press constituent element quality proportioning: zinc: 8%; Copper: 2%; Cerium: 0.04%; Surplus silver. Melting ingot casting forms silver zinc copper alloy pig.
2, silver zinc copper alloy pig is heated through being squeezed into wire rod, then through pulling to the silk material that diameter is φ 4.5 ㎜.
3,2 silk material and filamentary silver is combined into the sheet material contact product of φ 10 ㎜ × 2 ㎜ on cold headers through the segment upsetting system that it is suitable that cold headers cut into length.
4,3 contact product is poured in the electric furnace of argon gas to diffusion annealing 150 minutes at 560 DEG C of vacuum states, be cooled to 80 DEG C with stove and take out products.
5,4 product being packed in the electric furnace that logical oxygen pressure is 1.2Mpa is 650 DEG C of oxidation processes 32 hours first Xian of temperature, then is warming up to 730 DEG C of oxidation processes 30 hours with stove. Cool to the furnace 100 DEG C come out of the stove below electrical contact finished product.
The product physical and mechanical property of above embodiment is: resistivity: ﹙ 2.4～2.9 ﹚ μ Ω c ㎡; Density: ﹙ 9.7～9.98 ﹚ g/ ㎝3; Hardness: HV ﹙ 780～960 ﹚ Mpa.
Claims (4)
1. a manufacturing process for Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of silk material:
1.1, vacuum melting casting obtains silver zinc copper alloy cast ingot, and in described step (1.1), the material quality percentage of silver zinc copper alloy cast ingot is: zinc 3～10%; Copper 1～8%; Yttrium or cerium 0.01～1%; Surplus is silver;
1.2, under protective gas, heating-up temperature is 530 DEG C～780 DEG C, and silver zinc copper alloy cast ingot prepared step (1.1) is obtained to silver zinc copper alloy wire by hot extrusion;
1.3, the silver zinc copper alloy wire process of step (1.2) is drawn into the silver zinc copper alloy wire of φ 1.5 ㎜～φ 5 ㎜;
(2) on cold headers, silver zinc copper alloy wire and the filamentary silver of step (1) are cut into segment, and longitudinally coaxial sequence cold-heading to be deformed into diameter be that φ 2.5～10 ㎜, thickness are the electrical contact blank of δ 0.5～3.0 ㎜;
(3) electrical contact blank step (2) being formed is between the temperature of 360 DEG C～600 DEG C and have under gas shield state destressing diffusion annealing 1 hour～8 hours, then comes out of the stove below with cooling 80 DEG C of stove, obtains electrical contact semi-finished product;
(4) the electrical contact semi-finished product after (3) annealing are packed in the electric furnace of logical oxygen and carry out differential temperature oxidation processes: between 500 DEG C～700 DEG C of temperature, pressure is oxidation processes 10 hours～40 hours between 0.8Mpa～2Mpa; Continuing to heat up between 600 DEG C～800 DEG C is between 0.8Mpa～2Mpa, to reoxidize to process after end in 8 hours～38 hours by the contact in electric furnace at pressure continuously again, comes out of the stove and obtains electrical contact articles of sheet material through surface treatment.
2. the manufacturing process of a kind of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the silver zinc copper B alloy wire in described step (2) and the ratio of filamentary silver are 7～14: 1.
3. the manufacturing process of a kind of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step (1.2) protective gas is inert gas or hydrogen.
4. an Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact as prepared in one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that it comprises following component, by percentage to the quality: zinc oxide 3.73～12.45%; Cupric oxide 1.25～10.01%; Yttrium or cerium 0.013～2.45%; Surplus is silver.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410407709.3A CN104201019B (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2014-08-19 | Manufacturing process of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact and products thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410407709.3A CN104201019B (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2014-08-19 | Manufacturing process of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact and products thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104201019A CN104201019A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
| CN104201019B true CN104201019B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
Family
ID=52086294
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410407709.3A Expired - Fee Related CN104201019B (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2014-08-19 | Manufacturing process of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact and products thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104201019B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110158003B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2021-05-18 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | Solid solution aging heat treatment method for electric brush contact of conductive slip ring for satellite |
| CN111118328A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-05-08 | 佛山市诺普材料科技有限公司 | Silver tin oxide indium oxide electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111118332A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-08 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | Dynamic internal oxidation method for silver-based metal oxide electrical contact material |
| CN112725652B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-01-04 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | Silver zinc oxide electric contact material and preparation method thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1053817A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-08-14 | 住经营企画株式会社 | silver-metal oxide composite material and production method thereof |
| JP2005533175A (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2005-11-04 | メタラー テクノロジーズ インターナショナル エス．アー． | Electrical contact material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101777438A (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2010-07-14 | 上海中希合金有限公司 | High-performance silver cadmium oxide material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101944441A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-12 | 扬州乐银合金科技有限公司 | Silver zinc oxide electric contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102747248A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-10-24 | 浙江乐银合金有限公司 | Sliver-oxide ternary alloy electrical contact material and production method thereof |
-
2014
- 2014-08-19 CN CN201410407709.3A patent/CN104201019B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1053817A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-08-14 | 住经营企画株式会社 | silver-metal oxide composite material and production method thereof |
| JP2005533175A (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2005-11-04 | メタラー テクノロジーズ インターナショナル エス．アー． | Electrical contact material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101777438A (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2010-07-14 | 上海中希合金有限公司 | High-performance silver cadmium oxide material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101944441A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-01-12 | 扬州乐银合金科技有限公司 | Silver zinc oxide electric contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102747248A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-10-24 | 浙江乐银合金有限公司 | Sliver-oxide ternary alloy electrical contact material and production method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104201019A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101531149B (en) | Preparation method of overlength Cu-Cr-Zr alloyed contact line | |
| CN102747248B (en) | Sliver-oxide ternary alloy electrical contact material and production method thereof | |
| CN104201019B (en) | Manufacturing process of Ag-ZnO cupric oxide electrical contact and products thereof | |
| CN101944441B (en) | Silver zinc oxide electric contact material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103849788B (en) | The preparation method of tantalum blank or tantalum alloy blank | |
| CN101797679B (en) | Method for manufacturing high-purity metal wire | |
| CN101862922B (en) | Binary alloy sealing solder wire | |
| CN104561642B (en) | Ultrathin high-conductivity Cr-Zr-Cu wire and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103352137A (en) | High-strength and high-conductivity copper alloy for power switch spring contact and preparation method of high-strength and high-conductivity copper alloy | |
| CN101950696B (en) | Manufacturing method of silver tin oxide contact alloy material | |
| CN104561638B (en) | A kind of Al2O3The preparation method of dispersed and strengthened copper-based composite material | |
| CN101178958B (en) | Ultra-high tension copper wire and method of producing the same | |
| CN102330008B (en) | Preparation method for silver zinc oxide electrical contact | |
| CN106222478A (en) | A kind of ternary-alloy sealing material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103878551A (en) | Method for producing high-strength copper nickel silica lead frame material | |
| CN104201020B (en) | Manufacturing process of siller tin oxide calcium oxide electrical contact and products thereof | |
| CN102328086B (en) | Method for preparing silver tin oxide electrical contact | |
| CN101168808A (en) | Method for producing Cu-Ti alloy used for injection moulding die | |
| CN104201018B (en) | Manufacturing process of Agcdo zirconia electrical contact and products thereof | |
| WO2019100976A1 (en) | Fast compounding preparation method for long striped silver-graphite electrical contact material and solder tape | |
| CN111091983A (en) | Silver tin oxide indium oxide electrical contact material and preparation process thereof | |
| CN115216657B (en) | Production process of high-performance nichrome resistance wire | |
| CN114086020B (en) | Preparation method of silver tin oxide electric contact material based on spontaneous thermal oxidation process and product thereof | |
| JPH04339575A (en) | Manufacture of resistance welding electrode | |
| CN104328369A (en) | Heat treatment method of copper-chromium alloy used for high-voltage switch |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20160311 Address after: 325000 Zhejiang city of Wenzhou province Yueqing City Yuecheng town community Dai Industrial Zone Applicant after: Zhang Shutang Address before: 325000 Zhejiang city of Wenzhou province Yueqing City Yuecheng town community Dai Industrial Zone Applicant before: Zhejiang Yueyin Alloy Co., Ltd. Applicant before: Zhang Shutang |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160511 Termination date: 20170819 |