CN104199890A - Method for geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing by means of Google Earth - Google Patents

Method for geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing by means of Google Earth Download PDF

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CN104199890A
CN104199890A CN201410422461.8A CN201410422461A CN104199890A CN 104199890 A CN104199890 A CN 104199890A CN 201410422461 A CN201410422461 A CN 201410422461A CN 104199890 A CN104199890 A CN 104199890A
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geographic position
test
testee
kml
google earth
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CN104199890B (en
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朱良峰
王喜凤
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East China Normal University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/29—Geographical information databases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/448—Execution paradigms, e.g. implementations of programming paradigms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B7/00—Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers
    • G09B7/02—Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers of the type wherein the student is expected to construct an answer to the question which is presented or wherein the machine gives an answer to the question presented by a student

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing by means of Google Earth. The method includes the following steps of encoding a geographic position, loading a KML file, collecting information of the geographic position, generating a test question sequence according to the number of test questions, carrying out online testing question by question, and recording and feeding back test results. By means of the method, geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing can be carried out automatically, quickly, flexibly and freely in a three-dimensional visual digital earth platform. The method is easy to operate and high in automation. By means of the method, geographic position knowledge of a testee can be detected, and the personal geographic literacy level can be cultivated and improved. The method can be conveniently applied to global or local geographic knowledge cultivation and testing such as natural environment and humanistic society systems with geographic positions as bases.

Description

A kind of Google of use Earth carries out the method for geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing
Technical field
The present invention relates to the digital earth technology in Geo_spatial Information Technology field, a kind of method that specifically Google of use Earth carries out geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing, the method is for geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test work, can solve and in Google Earth Digital Earth Platform, carry out the various difficult problems that run in geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing process.
Background technology
Geographic position cognitive ability, the ability in location and name place on map, is the important component part of geographical attainment, is also the basis of carrying out Geographical Study.Although geographic position cognitive ability is also not exclusively equal to geographical attainment, the cognitive level in geographic position can be used as the key index of evaluating geographical attainment, can represent to a certain extent a people's geographical attainment level.Geographic position cognitive ability can not only be checked the geographical knowledge of special body, can also assess its spatial cognition level.Therefore, cultivating and test geographic position cognitive ability is to improve the committed step of individual geographic attainment.
In recent years, educational circles and academia pay attention to the cultivation work of geographic position cognitive ability gradually, have obtained some useful achievements in research.Particularly, aspect the Cognitive Aptitude Test of geographic position, form the geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test technology taking survey as basic methods, for the cultivation that promotes geographic position cognitive ability has been brought into play huge effect with lifting.But use existing questionnaire method to carry out geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test, be still faced with a lot of limitations.Questionnaire method is the map based on without information of place names prompting generally, require surveyee to point out the position in particular country, area or city, and mark on map, then the answer situation to some representative exercise questions according to testee, Comprehensive Assessment surveyee's geographic position cognitive ability.Although this method is simple, the test questionnaire that each fact-finding organ uses is not quite similar, and is difficult to test result laterally to be compared.In addition, in the time carrying out survey, the quantity of questionnaire exercise question and content are all predefined, generally, only for once investigating, can not be reused, and also cannot play the effect that simultaneously improves surveyee geographic position knowledge in the process of test.
Over nearly 20 years, " proposition of digital earth scientific concept; and the development of the application technology such as Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS) (GPS), remote sensing (RS), Internet (Internet), virtual reality (VR), for cultivation and the test job of geographic position cognitive ability provide new opportunity.Particularly, over nearly 10 years, digital earth technology develop rapidly, has successively emerged a series of technology maturations taking Google Earth as representative, powerful digital earth software systems.These digital earth software systems, not only can be used for browsing, analyzing geographic position, topography and geomorphology and remote sensing image in global range, also can be used as and support to take geographic position as basic geological education and the basic platform of research work.In recent years, academia has carried out the exploration that utilizes Google Earth Digital Earth Platform to promote geographical attainment.Research and application that some are preliminary show: the digital earth system taking Google Earth as representative provides new technological means and support platform as the cultivation of geographic position cognitive ability and test job.Google Earth cultivate and test geographic position cognitive ability aspect there is following advantage: cultivation and the test job that Google Earth can be geographic position cognitive ability provide intuitively, vivid, unify, geographical base map and the workbench of specification; Google Earth expresses the three-dimensional geographic space cognitive ability that is conducive to cultivate testee to the three-dimensional visualization of the earth; The architectural framework that Google Earth has flexibly, opens, support secondary development, utilize Google Earth plug-in unit and application programming interfaces thereof, can be according to the needs of practical application, the function of expansion Google Earth, the Google Earth application system of constructing function complexity.
Can find out, Google Earth has very large advantage in the cultivation of geographic position cognitive ability and test job, but existing research work lacks the theoretical direction of system, not yet forms the techniqueflow of standard and practical operation scheme.The existence of these technical matterss, has seriously limited the application of Google Earth in the Cognitive Aptitude Test of geographic position.Therefore, research is carried out the method for geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test and forms a general technical scheme seeming very necessary in Google Earth Digital Earth Platform.
Summary of the invention
Google Earth has created Three-dimensional glass picture about epigeosphere information and has expressed, and it is a built-in geographical frontier figure layer wherein comprises country /region Administrative boundaries and the information of place names of global range, to facilitate user to search, locate geographic position.In the process of geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test, need to use the not geographical frontier base map containing place name mark information, be beneficial to testee and in the situation that there is no extraneous help information, search and navigate to specific geographic position, and then assessment testee's geographic position cognitive ability.But in the built-in geographical frontier figure layer of Google Earth, Administrative boundaries and information of place names merge, and can not separate separately demonstration.This obviously cannot meet the demand of " not showing place name, edges only circle ".Solve this difficult problem, need to close the built-in geographical frontier figure layer of Google Earth, then based on KML (Keyhole Markup Language) coding criterion, self-organization and the required geographical location information of expression geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test, finally these information are loaded in Google Earth plug-in unit, carry out visual analyzing and on-line testing.
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of carrying out geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing at Google Earth, for a three-dimensional visualization Digital Earth Platform, flexibly, freely carry out geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing.The method not only can be checked testee's geographic position knowledge, also can in the process of test, cultivate and strengthen testee's geographical attainment.
Its technical matters that will solve can be decomposed into four aspects: solve and how carry out geographic position data tissue and information coding problem; Solve and how automatically generate test exercise question problem; Solve how assisted user carries out on-line testing problem; Solve and how to record and feedback test ramification problem.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Google of use Earth carries out the method for geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing, first the method becomes encode geolocation information the terrestrial reference of KML form, then these terrestrial references are loaded in Google Earth plug-in unit, the geographic position that extraction need to be tested also generates test exercise question sequence automatically, then allow testee carry out one by one on-line testing, record simultaneously and feed back the test result of each exercise question.
Specific works step of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1, geographic position coding
Geographic position is encoded into the not KML terrestrial reference containing markup information, and saves as the KML file of expansion kml by name or kmz, for follow-up test; Any geographic position is all conceptualized as the space geometrical elements such as point, line, surface (polygon), three-dimensional model, and uses KML " terrestrial reference " map feature (<Placemark>) to define its title, geographical space coordinate, appearance style and attributive character; The position of terrestrial reference can define with KML point element (<Point>), also can be with other KML geometric element (as line segment <LineString>, ring <LinearRing>, polygon <Polygon>, three-dimensional model <Model>, geometric object collection <MultiGeometry> etc.);
Step 2, loading KML file
By the open network address of geographical location information (KML landmark) trustship to after coding, be then loaded in Google Earth plug-in unit, as the test data set of geographic position cognitive ability; Use KmlNetworkLink method or fetchKml method in Google Earth application programming interfaces (Google Earth API) that geographical location information is imported in Google Earth plug-in unit;
Step 3, gathering geographic position information
From being loaded into the KML file of Google Earth plug-in unit, whole geographical location information (KML landmark) that extraction need to be tested; First use the getElementsByType function in Google Earth API to obtain whole terrestrial reference element list, then travel through each terrestrial reference, obtain the title of terrestrial reference by getName method, and build a geographic position name list;
Step 4, generate test exercise question sequence according to test exercise question quantity
An inputting interface is provided, allows testee's (being user) that test question object quantity is independently set; After testee sets test exercise question number, the geographic position name list gathering from step 3, choose at random the geographic position name specifying number, generate the list of a test exercise question, as the exercise question sequence of carrying out follow-up test;
Step 5, carry out on-line testing one by one
The test exercise question sequence of setting according to step 4, allows testee's (being user) carry out one by one on-line testing, and feeds back the test result of each exercise question; When user's on-line testing, geographic position name of given first allows user search; User uses mouse, and the three-dimensional terrestrial globe in rotation, convergent-divergent Google Earth plug-in unit, searches, locates corresponding geographic position; The addEventListener function that uses Google Earth API to provide, the interactive operation of monitoring users to KML terrestrial reference; If user uses mouse picking to KML terrestrial reference, the geographic position name of this terrestrial reference of Google Earth plug-in unit meeting automatic acquisition, and compare with geographic position name to be found; If both are inconsistent, show that user locates mistake, need to provide miscue information with the form of bubble frame, allow user continue to search; If both are consistent, show that user successfully navigates to given geographic position, need to provide correct prompting with the form of bubble frame, then automatically enter the test of next topic; If user still fails correct location, also automatically to proceed to the test of next topic the time that exceeds default consuming time; Use three-dimensional terrestrial globe to search, locate in the process in geographic position user, when mouse moves or navigate to top, a certain geographic position, highlighted demonstration mouse terrestrial reference pointed, to highlight the geographic position of mouse-pointing;
Step 6, record feedback test result
Carry out in the process of geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test user, the answer result of user's score, each exercise question and the time of expending are recorded, and be presented in time in a scoring plug, to facilitate user to understand oneself test process and test result; After user completes all exercise questions, according to user's final score, the cognitive level in Comprehensive Assessment user's geographic position.
The present invention can carry out geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing automatically, fast, flexibly, freely in a three-dimensional visualization Digital Earth Platform.Compared with background technology, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: of the present invention easy and simple to handle, automatism is high, can help user to carry out geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing in Google Earth three-dimensional visualization Digital Earth Platform.Use the geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing technology of the present invention's proposition, not only can check testee's geographic position knowledge, can also play the effect of cultivating and strengthening individual geographic attainment level.In addition, the present invention also has stronger pliability, can be extended to easily physical environment, humanistic community system etc. taking geographic position as the basic whole world or among the cultivation and test job of regional geography knowledge.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the effect sectional drawing that the global country /region geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test webpage (GeoQuiz) of embodiment of the present invention realization is shown on computers;
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present invention realizes " presenting the test result of an exercise question with the form of bubble frame " effect sectional drawing;
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the present invention realizes the effect sectional drawing of " finish take turns test and show whole answer situations and used time situation ".
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Consult shown in Fig. 1, first the present invention becomes encode geolocation information the terrestrial reference of KML form, then these terrestrial references are loaded in Google Earth plug-in unit, the geographic position that extraction need to be tested also generates test exercise question sequence automatically, then allow testee carry out one by one on-line testing, record simultaneously and feed back the test result of each exercise question.The present invention can adopt Google Earth plug-in unit and JavaScript API (Application Program Interface) exploitation thereof to realize under microcomputer platform, and embodiment is as follows:
First step geographic position coding
The first step of the present invention, need to be encoded into geographic position the not KML terrestrial reference containing markup information, and saves as the KML file of expansion kml by name or kmz, for follow-up test.
Any geographic position all can be conceptualized as the space geometrical elements such as point, line, surface (polygon), three-dimensional model, and uses KML " terrestrial reference " map feature (<Placemark>) to define its title, geographical space coordinate, appearance style and attributive character.The position of terrestrial reference can define with a some element (<Point>), also can be with other geometric element (as line segment <LineString>, encircle <LinearRing>, polygon <Polygon>, three-dimensional model <Model>, geometric object collection <MultiGeometry> etc.).For example, border, country can represent with polygon element (<Polygon>), and the border of a country may be made up of multiple polygons.The present invention defines a geometric object collection (<MultiGeometry>) as these polygonal containers.As follows with the encode KML code on border, an administrative division of <Placemark> and <MultiGeometry> map feature:
Second step loads KML file
Second step of the present invention, is by the open network address of geographical location information (KML file) trustship to after coding, is then loaded in Google Earth plug-in unit, as the test data set of geographic position cognitive ability.
Because geographical location information is that the present invention uses KmlNetworkLink method or the fetchKml method in Google Earth application programming interfaces (Google Earth API) to be imported in Google Earth plug-in unit with the form storage of KML file.
Use KmlNetworkLink method to be written into the code of KML file as follows:
Use fetchKml method to be written into the code of KML file as follows:
The 3rd step gathering geographic position information
The 3rd step of the present invention, is the KML file from being loaded into Google Earth plug-in unit, whole geographical location information (KML terrestrial reference) that extraction need to be tested.
Extract the geographical location information representing with KML terrestrial reference, need to first use the getElementsByType function in Google Earth API to obtain whole terrestrial reference element list, then travel through each terrestrial reference, obtain the title of terrestrial reference by getName method, and build a geographic position name list.Following JavaScript code has been demonstrated and in Google Earth plug-in unit, has been extracted the method for KML terrestrial reference element gathering geographic position title:
The 4th step generates test exercise question sequence according to test exercise question quantity
The 4th step of the present invention, need to set test question object quantity, and automatically generates test exercise question sequence.
In the process of geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test, test question object optimal number varies with each individual.Exercise question too much easily makes people tired, crosses and can make at least people feel to have not given full expression to the views.Therefore, the invention provides an inputting interface, allow testee that test question object quantity is independently set.
Testee the geographic position name list that the present invention gathers from the 3rd step, chooses the geographic position name specifying number after setting test exercise question number at random, generates the list of a test exercise question, as the exercise question sequence of carrying out follow-up test.
The 5th step is carried out on-line testing one by one
The 5th step of the present invention, is the test exercise question sequence of setting according to the 4th step, allows testee (user) carry out one by one on-line testing, and feeds back the test result of each exercise question.
When user's on-line testing, geographic position name of given first of the present invention allows user search.User uses mouse, and the three-dimensional terrestrial globe in rotation, convergent-divergent Google Earth plug-in unit, searches, locates corresponding geographic position.The addEventListener function that uses Google Earth API to provide, can the interactive operation of monitoring users to KML terrestrial reference.If user uses mouse picking to KML terrestrial reference, the geographic position name of this terrestrial reference of Google Earth plug-in unit meeting automatic acquisition, and compare with geographic position name to be found.If both are inconsistent, show that user locates mistake, need to provide miscue information with the form of bubble frame, allow user continue to search; If both are consistent, show that user successfully navigates to given geographic position, need to provide correct prompting with the form of bubble frame, then automatically enter the test of next topic.If user still fails correctly to locate the time (as 20 seconds) that exceeds default consuming time, system also can proceed to the test of next topic automatically.
Use three-dimensional terrestrial globe to search, locate in the process in geographic position user, when mouse moves or navigate to top, a certain geographic position, need highlighted demonstration mouse terrestrial reference pointed, to highlight the geographic position of mouse-pointing.For reaching this effect, can use the addEventListener function in Google Earth API to add two events, monitor mouseover (mouse moves to) and mouseout (mouse shifts out) operation of mouse, to control beginning and the end of highlighted demonstration.Below the JavaScript code of controlling the highlighted demonstration of polygon terrestrial reference:
The 6th step record feedback test result
Carry out in the process of geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test user, the present invention need to record the answer result of user's score, each exercise question and the time of expending, and be presented in time in a scoring plug, to facilitate user to understand oneself test process and test result.After user completes all exercise questions, the present invention is according to user's final score, Comprehensive Assessment user's the cognitive level in geographic position.
Introduce specific embodiments of the invention below:
According to the each step of techniqueflow chart of the present invention, under microcomputer platform environment, adopt Google Earth plug-in unit and JavaScript API exploitation thereof to realize a webpage GeoQuiz, the cognitive ability for test subscriber to geographic position, global country /region.Fig. 2 is the effect sectional drawing that GeoQuiz webpage is shown on computers.As shown in Figure 2, GeoQuiz webpage is made up of three parts: (1) is positioned at the test order explanation district on screen top; (2) be positioned at the Google Earth insert receptacle district (including two control knobs such as " start/suspend ", " next topic ") in screen left side; (3) be positioned at the detecting information show area on screen right side, for setting exercise question quantity, show test exercise question record, feedback test result.
In the time that user opens GeoQuiz webpage, Google Earth plug-in unit can load a global administrative division KML file that has completed geographic position coding and do not contained place name markup information automatically, and the three-dimensional globe surface being added in Google Earth plug-in unit, the geographical location information then extracting wherein carries out on-line testing for user.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the instantiations that carries out geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing in GeoQuiz webpage.Use GeoQuiz to carry out geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test, first user needs to set the exercise question quantity of test, and " beginning " icon of then clicking in Google Earth insert receptacle district starts test.According to the country /region title providing in detecting information show area, screen right side, user searches the residing position of this place name, and locate by mouse-click on three-dimensional terrestrial globe, GeoQuiz is presented on mouse indicating positions (Fig. 3) by the result of location with the form of bubble frame.In the process of carrying out in test, the test result of each exercise question is the detecting information show area on screen right side by simultaneous display.One takes turns after test finishes, and the reconfigurable test exercise question of user quantity, then enters next round test (Fig. 4).
In order to increase the tension of online test process, in GeoQuiz, add a timer and record and show in real time user's the test used time.The longest used time of each exercise question is defined as 20 seconds by this timer.If failed to find the geographic position of mating with current place name in 20 seconds, think that user cannot correctly locate this geographic position, will enter the test of next topic automatically.

Claims (1)

1. a method that uses Google Earth to carry out geographic position cognitive ability on-line testing, it is characterized in that: the terrestrial reference that first encode geolocation information is become to KML form, then these terrestrial references are loaded in Google Earth plug-in unit, the geographic position that extraction need to be tested also generates test exercise question sequence automatically, then allow testee carry out one by one on-line testing, record simultaneously and feed back the test result of each exercise question; Its concrete steps are:
Step 1, geographic position coding
Geographic position is encoded into the not KML terrestrial reference containing markup information, and saves as the KML file of expansion kml by name or kmz, for follow-up test; Any geographic position is all conceptualized as point, line, polygon, three-dimensional model space geometrical element, and defines its title, geographical space coordinate, appearance style and attributive character with KML terrestrial reference map feature; For the position of terrestrial reference, the point in KML geometric element, line segment, ring, polygon, three-dimensional model or geometric object collection define;
Step 2, loading KML file
By the open network address of the KML landmark trustship to after coding, be then loaded in Google Earth plug-in unit, as the test data set of geographic position cognitive ability; Use KmlNetworkLink method or fetchKml method in Google Earth application programming interfaces Google Earth API that geographical location information is imported in Google Earth plug-in unit;
Step 3, gathering geographic position information
From being loaded into the KML file of Google Earth plug-in unit, whole KML terrestrial reference elements that extraction need to be tested; First use the getElementsByType function in Google Earth API to obtain whole terrestrial reference element list, then travel through each terrestrial reference, obtain the title of terrestrial reference by getName method, and build a geographic position name list;
Step 4, generate test exercise question sequence according to test exercise question quantity
An inputting interface is provided, allows testee that test question object quantity is independently set; After testee sets test exercise question number, the geographic position name list gathering from step 3, choose at random the geographic position name specifying number, generate the list of a test exercise question, as the exercise question sequence of carrying out follow-up test;
Step 5, carry out on-line testing one by one
The test exercise question sequence of setting according to step 4, allows testee carry out one by one on-line testing, and feeds back the test result of each exercise question; When testee's on-line testing, geographic position name of given first allows testee search; Testee uses mouse, and the three-dimensional terrestrial globe in rotation, convergent-divergent Google Earth plug-in unit, searches, locates corresponding geographic position; The addEventListener function that uses Google Earth API to provide, monitors the interactive operation of testee to KML terrestrial reference; If testee uses mouse picking to KML terrestrial reference, the geographic position name of this terrestrial reference of Google Earth plug-in unit meeting automatic acquisition, and compare with geographic position name to be found; If both are inconsistent, show that testee locates mistake, need to provide miscue information with the form of bubble frame, allow testee continue to search; If both are consistent, show that testee successfully navigates to given geographic position, need to provide correct prompting with the form of bubble frame, then automatically enter the test of next topic; If testee still fails correct location, also automatically to proceed to the test of next topic the time that exceeds default consuming time; Use three-dimensional terrestrial globe to search, locate in the process in geographic position testee, when mouse moves or navigate to top, a certain geographic position, highlighted demonstration mouse terrestrial reference pointed, to highlight the geographic position of mouse-pointing;
Step 6, record feedback test result
Carry out in the process of geographic position Cognitive Aptitude Test testee, the answer result of testee's score, each exercise question and the time of expending are recorded, and be presented in time in a scoring plug, to facilitate testee to understand oneself test process and test result; After testee completes all exercise questions, according to testee's final score, the cognitive level in Comprehensive Assessment testee's geographic position.
CN201410422461.8A 2014-08-26 2014-08-26 A kind of method that use Google Earth carry out geographical position cognitive ability on-line testing Expired - Fee Related CN104199890B (en)

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