CN104199385A - Method for automatically generating rough plunge milling trajectory of blisk runner based on characteristics - Google Patents
Method for automatically generating rough plunge milling trajectory of blisk runner based on characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN104199385A CN104199385A CN201410444642.0A CN201410444642A CN104199385A CN 104199385 A CN104199385 A CN 104199385A CN 201410444642 A CN201410444642 A CN 201410444642A CN 104199385 A CN104199385 A CN 104199385A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for automatically generating a rough plunge milling trajectory of a blisk runner based on characteristics. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of obtaining the characteristics of the runner to be machined by manually selecting a runner characteristic plane array or automatically reading the characteristic information of a blisk blade and the runner, analyzing the structural features of the characteristics of the runner and automatically selecting or manually inputting an optimized machining scheme, automatically constructing the machining region of rough plunge milling of the runner by use of a method of enveloping the profile of the blade with a ruled surface according to the selected machining scheme, and then selecting to automatically generate or manually input machining process information needed by plunge milling of the runner according to data in a machining resource library and realizing automatic generation of a machining trajectory. The method for automatically generating the rough plunge milling trajectory of the blisk runner based on characteristics has the advantages of high calculation efficiency, high accuracy and high flexibility, and is capable of greatly reducing the programmable workload of an engineer, and meanwhile, capable of supporting batch processing of one single runner or a plurality of runners and meeting different requirements of the engineer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of CAD/CAM technology, especially a kind of CAM technology of aeromotor, milling machining locus automatic generation method is inserted in specifically a kind of runner of blisk roughing based on feature.
Background technology
Along with the raising day by day of aeromotor thrust-weight ratio, in fan and pneumatic plant, Blisk is more and more applied.Blisk structurally be take the island boss that runner hub face is the circumferential branch of main body complex profile, and part thinnest part is only that 2-3mm is thick, and opening character is poor, belongs to archipelago small island complex thin-wall structural member.Such structure has also brought when having saved the tenon, tongue-and-groove that connects use that individual construction complexity, poor rigidity, materials processing difficulty are large, the high a series of processing difficulties of crudy requirement.In the roughing of traditional blisk, adopt layer cutting method, its NC Machining Program mainly carries out on some commercialization CAM platforms, as the UG NX of Siemens, the Pro/E of PTC, the Cimatron NC of Cimatron etc., its technology is relatively ripe, but still there is the low inferior problem of working (machining) efficiency, especially at titanium alloy, in high temperature alloy cutting, and the processing mode opposite layer of inserting milling is cut, working (machining) efficiency is higher, tool wear is less, it is more efficient processing mode, but when stating in the use software and inserting the establishment of milling job sequence, need to set up manually a large amount of assisted geometric elements, difficulty is high, workload is large, in addition when artificial programming, often due to human negligence, the human factor such as lack experience causes the less stable of Programming's quality, later stage need to be carried out in conjunction with a large amount of simulation work the optimization of program, standardization deficiency causes programming, inefficiency, accumulation of knowledge is poor.
In view of above problem is badly in need of a kind of method that can automatically generate the slotting milling machining locus of runner of blisk, at application number, be 201410188103.5, denomination of invention is in the Chinese patent of " aero-engine casing characteristic recognition method ", blisk Leaf and flow path features have been defined, definition accurately, meet blisk process requirements, in addition, the slotting milling machining locus automatic generation method of open type integral leaf dish roughing based on feature has been proposed in the aero-manufacturing technology magazine disclosed paper of the 7th phase P76-79 in 2014 " the open type integral leaf dish based on feature is inserted the milling roughing optimal tool orientation method of generationing ", for blisk, propose effective runner and insert milling four axle knife rail generating methods, above material is proposition of the present invention and lays a solid foundation.
The present invention proposes a kind of blisk roughing based on feature and inserts milling machining locus automatic generation method, it is first by manually clicking runner characteristic face or automatically reading integrated impeller blade and flow path features information, obtain the flow path features of required processing, analyze runner feature structure feature and determine the processing mode of optimizing, utilize the method for ruled surface envelope blade profile automatically to build the machining area that milling is inserted in runner roughing, then according to the data in operation resource storehouse, can select automatically generate or insert the required processing technology information of milling by artificial input duct, realize the automatic generation of machining locus.This runner of blisk roughing is inserted milling machining locus automatic generation method and is adopted machining area building mode and the cutter shaft creation method of comparatively optimizing, the slotting milling machining locus of five axles that can realize complicated blisk generates automatically, and counting yield is high, accuracy is high, dirigibility is strong, greatly alleviated engineering staff's programing work amount, support the batch processing of single runner and a plurality of runners simultaneously, can meet engineering staff's different demands.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to insert for lacking aeromotor runner of blisk in current CAM system the pattern that milling is processed, and the problem such as existing machining prgraming efficiency is low, difficulty is large, of poor quality, dirigibility is not enough, propose a kind of aeromotor runner of blisk roughing based on feature and insert milling machining locus automatic generation method.First by manually clicking runner characteristic face or automatically reading integrated impeller blade and flow path features information, obtain the flow path features of required processing, analyze the processing scheme that runner feature structure feature is automatically selected or optimized by artificial input, according to selected processing scheme, utilize the method for ruled surface envelope blade profile automatically to build the machining area that milling is inserted in runner roughing, then according to the data in operation resource storehouse, can select automatically generate or insert the required processing technology information of milling by artificial input duct, realize the automatic generation of machining locus.The slotting milling machining locus automatic generation method counting yield of this runner of blisk roughing is high, dirigibility is strong, greatly alleviated engineering staff's programing work amount, support the batch processing of single runner and a plurality of runners simultaneously, can meet engineering staff's different demands.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A milling machining locus automatic generation method is inserted in runner of blisk roughing based on feature, it is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1), under CAM environment, by the mode that automatically reads or manually click, obtain one or more flow path features face row;
(2) analyze runner feature structure feature, automatically select or the artificial processing mode of optimizing of inputting;
(3) according to selected processing mode, in conjunction with flow path features face, be listed as or insert milling blank, adopt the mode of ruled surface envelope blade profile, automatically build the slotting milling machining area of each runner, mainly comprise two sides (the straight burr enveloping surface of blade profile), end face, bottom surface and front-back;
(4) according to the data in operation resource storehouse, adopt automatically and the mode manually combining, insert the decision-making of milling processing technology, obtain processing method;
(5), according to runner processing region and processing method, automatically generate and insert milling machining locus.
Described flow path features face row to be processed mainly comprise two classes: the side of runner and bottom surface.Can adopt automatically and manual two kinds of modes obtain flow path features face row, and two kinds of modes all support the extraction of single runner and a plurality of flow path features face row or click, can freely be determined according to actual needs by operating personnel.
Automatically reading runner characteristic face row is by reading feature recognition result, automatically by runner processing feature information extraction, the surface information that comprises side, bottom surface and adjacent two blades of runner, characteristic recognition method refers to patent " aeromotor blisk characteristic recognition method ".
The face manually clicking in modeling type carrys out manual construction flow path features face row, specific as follows;
1. by manually clicking leaf basin and the blade back of two blades in runner place, as runner side.
2. by manually clicking circular cone, cylinder or the free form surface (i.e. the long vaned surface of revolution) at the adjacent two blade places of runner, as the bottom surface of runner.
Described analysis runner feature structure feature, automatically select or the artificial processing mode of optimizing of inputting, at traditional runner, insert in milling processing, often owing to lacking the consideration of runner being reversed to situation, or for the angle of programming experience, adopt macroscopical machine direction of blade radial to insert milling processing, but often due to blade radially bend excessive cause slotting milling after surplus too much, blade processing whole efficiency is low.Therefore,, before generating slotting milling machining area and cutter shaft, need to effectively assess processing scheme, according to runner feature, select optimum slotting milling processing scheme, the optimum that mainly comprises runner processing is inserted milling direction and two parts of slotting milling radially layered, specific as follows:
1) optimum slotting milling direction is evaluated: by analyzing the blade profile of two formation runners, determine and adopt the slotting milling of blade radial or sharf to slotting milling, the standard of wherein passing judgment on, adopt the contrast of action ratio, at this cutter shaft, insert milling flat interpolation cutter spindle length and the ratio of cutter shaft apart from blade profile maximum distance, what ratio was larger be preferred slotting milling direction.Certainly also can select voluntarily to insert milling direction by engineering staff.
2) insert milling radially layered, at long and narrow runner, insert in milling processing, often for cutter rigidity and working (machining) efficiency demand, runner need to be carried out to radially layered, utilize the method for biasing bottom surface whole runner is divided into which floor, build respectively and insert from top to bottom milling after each layer of machining area and process.
Described according to selected processing scheme, in conjunction with flow path features face, be listed as or insert milling blank, adopt the mode of ruled surface envelope blade profile, automatically build the slotting milling machining area of each runner, wherein the slotting milling machining area of runner mainly comprises two sides (the straight burr enveloping surface of blade profile), end face, bottom surface and front-back.The radially slotting milling scheme of take is example, and the obtain manner that machining area is all kinds of is specific as follows:
1) bottom surface obtains
Runner bottom surface comes from long vaned revolution class profile, as cylinder, circular cone or free form surface (i.e. the common bottom surface of two adjacent blades), is offset after a model base angle radius (if bottomless edged surface can not be offset), as bottom surface.
2) two sides obtains
Because the profile of blade mostly is free form surface, can not be directly used in the structure of inserting cutter spindle, so this method is taked the method for ruled surface envelope blade profile, utilize ruled surface close approximation blade profile, as the side of inserting milling machining area, concrete grammar is as follows:
Extract corresponding leaf basin and the leaf back of two blades corresponding to runner, appoint the front and back edge line of getting one side, around leaf dish revolving shaft, scan to another side, obtain two edges cutting plane, calculate angle and circular arc top margin minimum distance between the cutting plane of two edges, build on this basis a series of non-equidistant cutting planes and cut overpass two sides, utilize two section lines that each cutting plane is corresponding to scan out a sector region for start-finish line, in this region, obtain utilizing least square method obtain fitting the most straight line of two sides intersection, bus as this cross section straight burr enveloping surface, the straight burr enveloping surface bus in all cross sections is carried out to matching, obtain fitting the straight burr enveloping surface of two runner sides as two sides of machining area.
3) front-back obtains
The blank model that the front-back in runner processing region can be inserted by reading leaf dish milling obtains automatically, also can automatically create by runner side, and the method wherein automatically creating is as follows:
Extract straight burr enveloping surface edge bus, as start-stop border, with blisk revolving shaft, do the surface of revolution that axis scans out, with side and bottom surface cutting after, as machining area front-back.
4) end face obtains
The blank model that the end face in runner processing region can be inserted by reading leaf dish milling obtains automatically, also can automatically create by runner side, front-back, and the method wherein automatically creating is as follows:
Extract in arbitrary straight burr enveloping surface sideline from nearest that of blade end face, as bus, the blisk revolving shaft of take scans out the surface of revolution as axis, and itself and another straight burr enveloping surface and front-back are carried out, after cutting, obtaining machining area end face.
By above step, can realize and read flow path features recognition result or the face on model of manually clicking builds bottom surface, side, front-back and the end face of runner automatically, obtain complete machining area.
Described obtains after machining area, according to the data in operation resource storehouse, adopts automatically and the mode manually combining, and inserts the decision-making of milling processing technology, mainly comprises cutter decision-making and machined parameters decision-making:
1) cutter decision-making, comprises cutter length, tool radius etc., and it determines that method is as follows:
By analyze runner machining area end face to the degree of depth of bottom surface and two sides by bee-line, determine the limits value of inserting milling cutter cutter length, diameter, then mate with the data in tool magazine, select cutter length than moderate cutter, if exist much knives tool to meet the demands, can determine tool selection by engineering staff simultaneously.
2) machined parameters decision-making, comprises the biasing of bottom surface, side, axial cutting-in, and the necessary machined parameters such as the wide and speed of mainshaft of radial cut, speed of feed, determine that accordingly method is as follows:
After the slotting milling cutter information and part material information of selecting in extraction, through the matching analysis in technological parameter storehouse, in conjunction with the empirical value of inserting milling processing, automatic setting cut depth, cut the parameters such as wide, speed of feed.Also can, by operating personnel manual amendment, determine final parameter value simultaneously;
Milling machining area and process decision result are inserted in described combination, automatically generate runner and insert milling machining locus, mainly comprise generation and the setting of advance and retreat cutter of cutter location, cutter shaft:
1) according to inserting milling machining area, adopt classical layering to insert the method for milling, first according to cutting parameter setting, minimum distance according to machining area front-back sideline along end face, calculate runner radially layered number, and according to parametrization, get a little on rolling off the production line on two ruled surface sides, line obtains the left and right line of every layer of cutter rail place face, scan nonplanar every layer of cutter rail place face that obtain, then according to surplus be arranged on guarantee to determine every layer under hands-off prerequisite in left and right edges cutter shaft, the last parametrization that rolls off the production line on every layer of cutter rail place face evenly generates every layer of middle cutter shaft, obtain runner and insert all cutter shafts of milling.
2) optimize cutter rail, before every layer of first cutter and acute angle cutting zone increase to plug in milling cutter rail, guarantee that every cutter cutting output is in safe range, wherein the judgment basis straight burr enveloping surface of acute angle cutting zone the outer normal direction of intersection mid point and cutter shaft face in intersection midpoint the angle towards between the normal direction of machining area, if angle is greater than setting value, need increase cutter shaft in corresponding region, wherein setting value is defaulted as and cuts wide value and also can be revised by operating personnel than tool radius value.
3) according to the end face arranging in machined parameters, bottom surface bias, create the highest, minimum cutter location, generate all slotting milling machining locus.And acquiescence adopts by centre and starts to the left processing sequence to the right again in every layer of cutter rail, and according to knife up degree and the interlayer advance and retreat knife up degree of advancing and retreat between two cuttves in the knife up degree of advancing and retreat in every layer of automatic computation layer of cutter shaft face top line action, layer, guaranteeing, under collisionless prerequisite, to realize the dynamic optimization of advance and retreat cutter.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention can effectively reduce artificial programming work, promote programming efficiency and quality, and Tool-path Generation speed is fast, and accuracy is high.
The present invention can support the batch processing of single runner and a plurality of runners simultaneously, can meet engineering staff's different demands.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that milling machining locus automatic generation method process flow diagram is inserted in runner of blisk roughing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that blisk part and flow path features face list intention, and Q is blisk model, and wherein A is for forming the blade back of runner side; B is for forming the leaf basin of runner side; C is runner bottom surface.
Fig. 3 is that blisk is inserted milling Orientation schematic diagram, wherein a, for radially inserting milling direction, b be axial slotting milling direction, L
1for intersection radially, D
1for intersection end points is radially wired to the ultimate range of intersection, L
2for axial intersection, D
1for axial intersection end points is wired to the ultimate range of intersection.
Fig. 4 is that blisk is inserted milling layering schematic diagram, and wherein I, II are upper and lower two layer regions after axial stratification; C is I layer bottom surface, is also II layer end face simultaneously.
Fig. 5 is that straight burr enveloping surface cutting plane builds schematic diagram, R in a
1, R
2for take line endpoints before side, be terminal, the circular arc that the blisk axis of rotation of take rotates as axle, J
1, J
nfor front and back cutting plane, D
jfor the maximum distance of front and back cutting plane, J in b
1-Nfor this runner straight burr enveloping surface builds required all cutting planes.
Fig. 6 is that straight burr enveloping surface section line is processed schematic diagram, wherein I
l, I
rfor the intersection of cutting plane and side A, B, I
lD, I
rDfor I
l, I
rthe line of two-end-point, I
u, I
dfor with I
l, I
rcorresponding end points be starting point, two sections of circular arcs that the axis of rotation of blisk of take is made as turning axle, D
l, D
rfor I
lwith I
lD, I
rwith I
rDbetween maximum distance.
Fig. 7 is that straight burr enveloping surface bus builds schematic diagram, wherein I
l, I
rfor the intersection of cutting plane and side, L
u, L
vfor circular arc I
u, I
vupper distance is D
lsegment parametrization circular arc, L
uVfor circular arc L
u, L
vthe line of upper corresponding point, L
uVcan in cutting plane, along double-head arrow direction, swing, until find the I that fits most
lwith I
rstraight line I
nLand I
nR, A, B are generated straight burr enveloping surface, as two sides in runner processing region.
Fig. 8 is that the fitting line least square method of straight burr enveloping surface section line is asked for schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is that blisk is inserted milling blank schematic diagram, and wherein Q is blisk, and W is that blisk is inserted milling blank.
Figure 10 is that blisk is inserted milling machining area front-back and end face schematic diagram, and wherein E, D are machining area front-back, and F is machining area end face.
Figure 11 is that the slotting milling machining area front-back of blisk builds schematic diagram, wherein I automatically
1L, I
1Rbe border before and after two ruled surfaces, E, the D machining area front-back for generating, the machining area end face of F for generating.
Figure 12 is that blisk is inserted milling cutter decision-making schematic diagram, and wherein L is that end face F is to the maximum distance of bottom surface C, D
aBminimum distance for two sides A, B.
Figure 13 blisk is inserted milling radially layered schematic diagram, wherein I
disfor the maximum range line of front-back along end face, P is radially layered reference point, P
ufor reference point wraparound turns after axial-rotation the intersection point with ruled surface A, B upper sideline, P
vfor ruled surface lower sideline and P
uthe parameter point that parameter is relative, LayerN
l, LayerN
rfor P
u, P
vline on ruled surface A, B, LayerN
ffor all radially layereds.
Figure 14 is LayerN wherein
ffor all radially layereds, LayerNT
1, LayerNT
nfor this layer of left and right edges cutter rail, LayerNT
u, LayerNT
vfor the part of this layer of cutter shaft face in the middle of edge knife rail, D+ δ is the distance of edge knife gauge blade side, Layer1T
1-nfor ground floor all passes.
Every layer of cutter rail of Figure 15 optimized schematic diagram, for cutting acute angle region, cutter shaft place, edge, cuts wide excessive situation, and wherein FV is machine direction, and β 1, β 2 are cutter shaft face and the two corresponding angles in two sides, ruled surface intersection place, the cutter shaft of dotted line for increasing.
Figure 16 is that schematic diagram is optimized in every layer of cutter rail feed, and wherein FV is processing sequence, the cutter shaft that I ' increases afterwards for feed optimization.
Figure 17 is for inserting milling machining locus schematic diagram for blisk, and wherein a is that runner of blisk is inserted milling all knives rail, and b is the plug in milling cutter rail schematic diagram of wherein one deck.
Figure 18 is that the plug in milling cutter rail advance and retreat of blisk cutter arranges schematic diagram, wherein AR
1for the knife up degree of advancing and retreat in layer, AR
2for the knife up degree of advancing and retreat between adjacent two cuttves in layer, AR
3for interlayer advance and retreat knife up degree, the direction of arrow is processing sequence.
Figure 19 is aero-engine casing characteristic recognition method process flow diagram involved in the present invention.
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments technical scheme of the present invention to be described in further detail below.
As shown in Fig. 1-19.
Milling machining locus automatic generation method is inserted in a kind of aeromotor runner of blisk roughing based on feature, as shown in Figure 1, it is first by manually clicking runner characteristic face or automatically reading integrated impeller blade and flow path features information, obtain the flow path features of required processing, analyze the processing scheme that runner feature structure feature is automatically selected or optimized by artificial input, according to selected processing scheme, utilize the method for ruled surface envelope blade profile automatically to build the machining area that milling is inserted in runner roughing, then according to the data in operation resource storehouse, can select automatically generate or insert the required processing technology information of milling by artificial input duct, realize the automatic generation of machining locus.The slotting milling machining locus automatic generation method counting yield of this runner of blisk roughing is high, dirigibility is strong, greatly alleviated engineering staff's programing work amount, support the batch processing of single runner and a plurality of runners simultaneously, can meet engineering staff's different demands, concrete steps are mainly by five steps, and details are as follows:
Step 1, under CAM environment, by the mode that automatically reads or manually click, obtains one or more flow path features face row.
Flow path features face row to be processed mainly comprise two classes: the side of runner and bottom surface.Can adopt two kinds of modes of automatic or manual to obtain flow path features face row, and two kinds of modes all support the extraction of single runner and a plurality of flow path features face row or click, can freely be determined according to actual needs by operating personnel.
Automatically read runner characteristic face row, by reading feature recognition result, automatically by runner processing feature information extraction, the surface information that comprises side, bottom surface and adjacent two blades of runner, characteristic recognition method as shown in figure 19, also can be referring to Chinese patent application 201410188103.5, " a kind of aeromotor blisk characteristic recognition method ".
The face manually clicking in model carrys out manual construction flow path features face row, as shown in Figure 2;
1. by manually clicking leaf basin and the blade back of two blades in runner place, as runner side, as shown in A, B in Fig. 2.
2. by manually clicking circular cone, cylinder or the free form surface (i.e. the long vaned surface of revolution) at the adjacent two blade places of runner, as the bottom surface of runner, as shown in C in Fig. 2.
Step 2, analyze runner feature structure feature, automatically select or the artificial processing scheme of optimizing of inputting, at traditional runner, insert in milling processing, often owing to lacking the consideration of runner being reversed to situation, or for the angle of programming experience, adopt macroscopical machine direction of blade radial to insert milling and process, but often due to blade radially bend excessive cause inserting milling after surplus too much, cause blade processing whole efficiency low.Therefore,, before generating slotting milling machining area and cutter shaft, need to effectively assess processing scheme, according to runner feature, select optimum slotting milling processing scheme, the optimum that mainly comprises runner processing is inserted milling direction and two parts of slotting milling axial stratification, specific as follows:
1) optimum slotting milling direction is evaluated: by analyzing the blade profile of two formation runners, determine and adopt the slotting milling of blade radial or sharf to slotting milling, be illustrated in figure 3 two kinds of machine directions under strategy, the standard of wherein passing judgment on, adopt the contrast of action ratio, at this cutter shaft, insert milling flat interpolation cutter spindle length and cutter shaft apart from the ratio of blade profile maximum distance, as shown in Figure 3, L
1for runner, radially insert middle layer under milling strategy and insert milling machining area boundary length, D
1border is to the ultimate range of corresponding runner side for this reason, and action compares A
lD=L
1/ D
1, L
2for runner, axially insert middle layer under milling strategy and insert milling machining area boundary length, D
2border is to the ultimate range of corresponding runner side for this reason, and action compares R
lD=L
2/ D
2.With this example, analyze known A
lD>R
lD, preferably adopt runner slotting milling direction radially.Certainly also can select voluntarily to insert milling direction by engineering staff.
2) insert milling axial stratification, at long and narrow runner, insert in milling processing, often for cutter rigidity and working (machining) efficiency demand, runner need to be carried out to axial stratification, whole runner is divided into which floor and inserts milling processing, for example axially be divided into the runner processing of 2 layers, now only former bottom surface need be biased to desired location, former machining area is decomposed into upper and lower two regions as shown in I, II in Fig. 4, bottom surface using the bottom surface after biasing as upper machining area, the end face of lower machining area, utilizes biasing bottom surface that two sides are divided into side, upper region and lower area side, as shown in Figure 4.
Step 3, according to selected processing scheme, in conjunction with flow path features face, be listed as or insert milling blank, adopt the mode of ruled surface envelope blade profile, automatically build the slotting milling machining area of each runner, wherein the slotting milling machining area of runner mainly comprises two sides (the straight burr enveloping surface of blade profile), end face, bottom surface and front-back.The radially slotting milling scheme of take is example, and the obtain manner that machining area is all kinds of is specific as follows:
1) bottom surface obtains
Runner bottom surface comes from long vaned revolution class profile, as cylinder, circular cone or free form surface (i.e. the common bottom surface of two adjacent blades), as shown in Figure 2.Extract bottom surface information, be offset after a model base angle radius (if bottomless edged surface can not be offset), save as C.
2) two sides obtains
Because the profile of blade mostly is free form surface, can not be directly used in the structure of inserting cutter spindle, so this method is taked the method for ruled surface envelope blade profile, utilize ruled surface close approximation blade profile, as the side of inserting milling machining area, specific as follows:
1. appoint and get a runner side, line endpoints before and after extracting, as shown in Figure 5, take front as example, end points is made as to starting point and around blisk axis of rotation, does and rotate, and to corresponding side surface, stops, and calculates two arc radius R
1, R
2, get the large (R of radius
1) end points, circular arc and another side joining, 3 of another arcuate midway points are done plane, obtain starting section J
1, same method can obtain rear cross section J
n, as shown in Figure 5;
2. before and after obtaining, behind cross section, calculate at a distance of maximum distance D
j, two sides angulation α
j, obtain required intersecting surface number N,
if N is less than 10, N is made as to 10, guarantee section line number, and equidistantly generate all cutting planes, if α
j> 5
*in the middle of generating, in equidistant surface, midsection is rotated to respective angles, as shown in Figure 5;
3. obtain after cutting plane, with each cutting plane, cut and hand over two blade profiles, obtain each face section line and deposit in I
n, wherein N is when starting section code name, and each I
nin comprise this cross section and left and right blade profile intersection I
l, I
r, as shown in Figure 6;
4. on each cross section, according to I
l, I
rcorresponding end points be starting point, the axis of rotation of blisk of take is turning axle, is two sections of circular arc I
u, I
d, as shown in Figure 6;
5. by I
ltwo-end-point be connected, obtain straight line I
lD, calculate I
lwith I
lDbetween ultimate range, be designated as D
l, and will obtain equally I
rcorresponding I
rDwith D
r, as shown in Figure 6;
6. at upper and lower circular arc, get distance for D respectively
la bit of circular arc, as building I
lthe two-end-point region of laminating straight line, as shown in Figure 7.Every section of small arc-shaped is carried out to parametrization, be designated as L
u, L
v, 0≤u≤1 wherein, 0≤v≤1, builds laminating straight line L
uV, wherein UV is the point on upper and lower two circular arcs, utilizes least square method to find and I
lthe L fitting the most
uV, the left line as this cross section, saves as I
nL, flow process as shown in Figure 8.Same method can obtain I
nR;
7. travel through the I in each cross section
nLand I
nR, do respectively multi-section curved surface, just obtained the approximate straight burr enveloping surface of left and right blade profile, deposit the machining area side of this runner in, be designated as A and B, as shown in Figure 7.
3) front-back obtains
The blank model that the front-back in runner processing region can be inserted by reading leaf dish milling obtains automatically, also can automatically create by runner side, and wherein blank model as shown in Figure 9;
If read the blank model that leaf dish is inserted milling, front-back that can automatic acquisition runner, as the D in Figure 10 and E.
If do not read the blank model that leaf dish is inserted milling, the front-back of leaf dish runner equally also builds automatically according to the side of runner, and as shown in figure 11, concrete grammar is as follows:
1. extract respectively in two blade straight burr enveloping surfaces first and the last item cross section fitting line (be I
1L, I
1Rand I
nL, I
nR);
2. take blisk axis of rotation as revolving shaft, I
1Land I
1Rfor start-stop border, scan out arc surface and be runner before, as shown in figure 11, same method can be by I
nLand I
nRafter scanning out.
4) end face obtains
If read the blank model that leaf dish is inserted milling, can automatic acquisition runner end face;
If do not read, the end face of leaf dish runner can build runner end face automatically according to the side of runner, front-back and place blade end face, and as shown in figure 11, concrete grammar is as follows:
1. calculate I
1L, I
1Rbetween angle, be designated as α
0;
2. extract in the sideline of straight burr enveloping surface A near end face that, the blisk revolving shaft of take scans 2 α as turning axle
0angle, obtains the surface of revolution;
3. use the straight burr enveloping surface B cutting surface of revolution, leave the direct part of two straight burr enveloping surfaces, the runner end face for building, saves as F.
By above step, can realize and read flow path features recognition result or the face on model of manually clicking builds bottom surface, side, front-back and the end face of runner automatically, obtain complete machining area.
Step 4, according to the data in operation resource storehouse, adopts automatically and the mode manually combining, and inserts the decision-making of milling processing technology, mainly comprises cutter decision-making and machined parameters decision-making, specific as follows:
1) cutter decision-making, comprises cutter length, tool radius etc., and as shown in figure 12, it determines that method is as follows:
1. according to end face F in runner processing region, to the bee-line L of bottom surface C, determine tool length, meet L≤1, wherein l is tool length;
2. according to the minimum distance D of two sides after runner biasing
aB, meet D
aB>=d, wherein d is tool diameter, will consider the tool type in tool magazine simultaneously, in the situation that satisfying condition, selects the slotting milling cutter of suitable length-diameter ratio;
3. the cutter of choosing two each and every one conditions more than meeting from tool magazine, if there is much knives tool to meet the demands simultaneously, manually determines which selects cutter by operating personnel.
2) machined parameters decision-making, comprises the biasing of bottom surface, side, axial cutting-in, and the necessary machined parameters such as the wide and speed of mainshaft of radial cut, speed of feed, determine that accordingly method is as follows:
1. owing to inserting in milling processing cutting-in radially and axially cutting wide definite relevant with cutter parameters, best machined parameters within the specific limits, so after the slotting milling cutter information that this method is selected in extraction, by analysis, in conjunction with the empirical value of inserting milling processing, setting cut depth and cut wide value automatically.Also can, by operating personnel manual amendment, determine final parameter value;
2. the speed of mainshaft and speed of feed, comprise advance and retreat cutter etc. and arrange and all from cutting parameter storehouse, extract, and supports operating personnel manual amendment simultaneously;
Step 5, in conjunction with slotting milling machining area and process decision result, automatically generates runner and inserts milling machining locus, mainly comprises generation and the setting of advance and retreat cutter of cutter location, cutter shaft, specific as follows:
1) cutter shaft generates automatically
According to slotting milling machining area, adopt classical layering to insert the method for milling, first by radially layered, determine every layer of cutter rail place face, then generate all cutter shafts and the cutter location of every layer, specific as follows;
1. radially layered, after obtaining runner processing region, extracts the intersection edges of runner processing region front-back and end face, i.e. I
1Uand I
nU, calculate I
1Uand I
nUbetween along the ultimate range Dis of end face (crossing the face of axis of rotation and the ultimate range in end face section line), and obtain this line, save as I
dis, as shown in figure 13.
Known by analyzing, the action ratio of this line is greater than 10, therefore from previous experiences, can be similar to the decision condition as radially layered with Dis, calculates
(C wherein
wfor inserting the wide value of milling radial cut), N rounds rear N=N+1, using N as radially layered number, and by I
disevenly be divided into N section, and by every section of end points preservation and point set P, as shown in figure 13;
Extract ruled surface A, B near end face and upper lower sideline bottom surface, by P every take blisk axis of rotation as axle rotation, and intersect with A, B upper sideline, calculate intersection point P
uthe parameter value u in sideline, place, thus lower sideline corresponding point P obtained
v, wherein u=v, known by analysis, and each point is corresponding to one deck processing cutter rail, and the upper lower sideline intersection point that each point is corresponding is connected, and as shown in figure 13, constructs every layer of A, B face intersection, is designated as LayerN
land LayerN
r, and with LayerN
land LayerN
rfor start-finish line scans, obtain this layer of cutter shaft face, be designated as LayerN
f;
2. every layer of cutter shaft distributes, after obtaining this layer of cutter shaft face, first determine left and right edges cutter shaft, principle is to extract cutter shaft face bus, and bus is moved to centre by two ends along cutter shaft face, until bus and curved surface minimum distance equal D+ δ, (δ is side process redundancy), stops moving the left and right edges cutter shaft line that now bus present position is this layer of cutter shaft, as shown in figure 14, be designated as LayerNT
1and LayerNT
n;
After obtaining left and right edges cutter shaft line, extract cutter shaft face sideline and be positioned at the middle part of two edges cutter shaft line, as shown in figure 14, get long one section, be designated as LayerNT
u, calculating its length d is, another is designated as LayerNT
d, calculate
(C wherein
wfor inserting the wide value of milling radial cut), n rounds rear n=n+1, and known n+2 is this layer of cutter shaft number;
By LayerNT
uand LayerNT
dbe divided into n section, every section of corresponding line is up and down this layer of cutter shaft LayerNT
1-LayerNT
n, as shown in figure 14;
2) cutter shaft optimization
First get the intersection of every layer of cutter shaft face and left and right straight burr enveloping surface, at intersection place, analyze the angle (straight burr enveloping surface the outer normal direction of intersection mid point and cutter shaft face in intersection midpoint the angle towards between the normal direction of machining area) of every layer of cutter shaft face and left and right straight burr enveloping surface, if angle is less than β=tan
-1(C
w/ R), need to increase by a cutter at cutter shaft place, edge, to guarantee that every cutter cuts wide meeting the demands, wherein C
wfor inserting the wide value of milling radial cut, R is tool radius value, and as shown in figure 15, FV is machine direction, β 1 < β, the cutter shaft of dotted line for increasing.
Finally, before every layer of first cutter, in cutting working direction, increase by a cutter, reduce single solution for diverse problems wide, guarantee that processing is stable, and give tacit consent to processing sequence and serve as reasons middle to both sides processing, as shown in figure 16.
3) each cutter shaft in traveling through every layer, finds the intersection point of each cutter shaft and bottom surface, and according to bottom surface bias in machined parameters, along cutter axis orientation, setovers, and is made as the minimum cutter location of plugging in milling cutter rail; The intersection point of each cutter shaft and end face, setovers equally, is made as the site that is up to of plugging in milling cutter rail, is cutter rail situation as shown in figure 17.
According to the action value h of every layer of cutter shaft face the highest cutter location line of adjacent two cutter shaft and cutter shaft face top line circular arc formation, knife up degree AR automatically advances and retreat in computation layer
1, AR
1knife up degree AR advances and retreat between two cuttves in=h+5, layer
2, AR
2=h+3 and interlayer advance and retreat knife up degree AR
3, AR
3=h+10, as shown in figure 18, is guaranteeing, under collisionless prerequisite, to realize the dynamic optimization of advance and retreat cutter, and the cutter value of wherein respectively advancing and retreat all can be revised by operating personnel, if the direction of arrow in Figure 18 is processing sequence.
According to the method described above, can automatically generate and insert milling machining locus.
Feature identification step in Figure 19 can be sketched and be:
1: analyze aero-engine casing design feature, definition meets ring groove feature and the boss characteristic type that casing Milling Process requires;
2: casing part is pre-seted and extract all of part, side information;
3: based on seed face, die joint and expansion rule, carry out faceted search, build casing ring groove feature and boss feature;
4: extract all information of casing ring groove feature, obtain feature recognition result, deposit XML file in.
Described analysis aero-engine casing design feature, ring groove feature and boss characteristic type that definition meets the requirement of casing Milling Process refer to:
By analytical engine box structure feature and processing characteristics, casing machining feature is defined as to the combination of ring groove feature and boss feature, wherein ring groove feature comprises end face, side, Mian He bottom surface, base angle, and the long boss feature that has circumferential distribution on bottom surface, wherein each boss feature comprises again end face, side, Mian He bottom surface, base angle.
Wherein:
Described to casing part pre-set and extract all of part, side information refers to:
Pre-set to comprise and set machining coordinate system and select die joint, regulation is elected Z axis as casing axis of rotation direction, and X, Y-axis are not construed as limiting; Die joint is selected the k level of and normal direction parallel Z axis vertical with Z axis; The geological information that wherein face of part, side information comprise face, limit and face, limit are adjacent the annexation of geometric element.
Described seed face is for carrying out the initial value of feature construction based on expansion rule, the seed face of ring groove feature is the conical surface, cylinder and the annular surface on casing part; The seed face of boss feature is the bottom surface row of ring groove feature.
During described structure casing ring groove feature, first according to casing seed face, according to bottom surface, expand rule and obtain correct ring groove bottom surface; According to bottom surface, according to base angle face, expand rule again and obtain correct base angle face; According to base angle face, according to side, expand rule again and obtain correct side; Finally according to side, according to end face, expand rule and obtain correct end face.
During described structure casing boss feature, first according to boss seed face (being the bottom surface of boss), according to boss base angle face, expand rule and obtain correct boss base angle face; According to base angle face, according to side, expand rule again and obtain correct boss side surfaces; Finally according to side, according to end face, expand rule and obtain correct boss end face.
All information of casing ring groove feature deposit XML file in by the order of end face, side, base angle face, bottom surface, boss, and wherein each boss feature comprises boss end face, side, Mian He bottom surface, base angle.
The part that the present invention does not relate to all prior art that maybe can adopt same as the prior art is realized.
Claims (6)
1. a milling machining locus automatic generation method is inserted in the runner of blisk roughing based on feature, it is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
Step 1: under CAM environment, by the mode that automatically reads or manually click, obtain one or more flow path features face row; Step 2: analyze runner feature structure feature, automatically select or the artificial processing scheme of optimizing of inputting, determine machine direction and radially layered;
Step 3: according to selected processing scheme, be listed as or insert milling blank in conjunction with flow path features face, adopt the mode of ruled surface envelope blade profile, automatically build the slotting milling machining area of each runner, the extraction that comprises runner bottom surface, builds two sides, front-back and end face;
Step 4: according to the data in operation resource storehouse, adopt automatically and the mode manually combining, insert the decision-making of milling processing technology, obtain processing method;
Step 5: according to runner processing region and processing method, automatically generate and insert milling machining locus, comprise cutter location, cutter shaft and the setting of advance and retreat cutter.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that flow path features face row comprise two classes: the side of runner and bottom surface, adopt automatically and obtain flow path features face row with manual two kinds of modes, and two kinds of modes are all supported the extraction of single runner and a plurality of flow path features face row or click, and by operating personnel, are freely determined according to actual needs;
Automatically obtain flow path features face row and refer to by reading feature recognition result, automatically by runner processing feature information extraction, comprise the surface information of side, bottom surface and adjacent two blades of runner;
Manual construction flow path features face row refer to:
1. by manually clicking leaf basin and the blade back of two blades in runner place, as runner side;
2. by manually clicking circular cone, cylinder or the free form surface at the adjacent two blade places of runner, as the bottom surface of runner, free form surface refers to the long vaned surface of revolution.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described machine direction refers to slotting milling direction, and radially layered refers to inserts milling radially layered:
1) inserting the definite of milling direction is by analyzing the blade profile of two formation runners, determine and adopt the slotting milling of blade radial or sharf to slotting milling, the standard of wherein passing judgment on, adopt the contrast of action ratio, at this cutter shaft, insert milling flat interpolation cutter spindle length and cutter shaft apart from the ratio of blade profile maximum distance, what ratio was larger is preferably to insert milling direction, or selects voluntarily to insert milling direction by engineering staff;
2) inserting milling radially layered refers in the slotting milling processing of long and narrow runner, often for cutter rigidity and working (machining) efficiency demand, runner need to be carried out to radially layered, utilize the method for biasing bottom surface whole runner is divided into which floor, build respectively and insert from top to bottom milling after each layer of machining area and process.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described runner radially inserts two sides, end face, bottom surface and the front-back building mode of milling machining area and be:
1) bottom surface obtains;
Runner bottom surface comes from long vaned revolution class profile, comprises cylinder, circular cone or free form surface, is offset after a model base angle radius, as bottom surface, if bottomless edged surface is not offset.
2) two sides obtains;
Because the profile of blade mostly is free form surface, can not be directly used in the structure of inserting cutter spindle, so take the method for ruled surface envelope blade profile, utilize ruled surface close approximation blade profile, as the side of inserting milling machining area, concrete grammar is: extract corresponding leaf basin and the leaf back of two blades corresponding to runner, appoint the front and back edge line of getting one side, around leaf dish revolving shaft, scan to another side, obtain two edges cutting plane, calculate angle and circular arc top margin minimum distance between the cutting plane of two edges, build on this basis a series of non-equidistant cutting planes and cut overpass two sides, utilize two section lines that each cutting plane is corresponding to scan out a sector region for start-finish line, in this region, obtain utilizing least square method obtain fitting the most straight line of two sides intersection, bus as this cross section straight burr enveloping surface, the straight burr enveloping surface bus in all cross sections is carried out to matching, obtain fitting the straight burr enveloping surface of two runner sides as two sides of machining area,
3) front-back obtains
The front-back in runner processing region is inserted milling blank model by reading leaf dish obtains automatically, or automatically creates by runner side, and the method wherein automatically creating is as follows:
Extract straight burr enveloping surface edge bus, as start-stop border, with blisk revolving shaft, do the surface of revolution that axis scans out, with side and bottom surface cutting after, as machining area front-back;
4) end face obtains
The end face in runner processing region is inserted milling blank model by reading leaf dish obtains automatically, or automatically creates by runner side, front-back, and the method wherein automatically creating is as follows;
Extract in arbitrary straight burr enveloping surface sideline from nearest that of blade end face, as bus, the blisk revolving shaft of take scans out the surface of revolution as axis, and itself and another straight burr enveloping surface and front-back are carried out, after cutting, obtaining machining area end face.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described slotting milling processing technology determines to comprise cutter decision-making and machined parameters decision-making:
1) cutter decision-making comprises that cutter is long, tool radius, and it determines that method is as follows:
By analyze runner machining area end face to the degree of depth of bottom surface and two sides by bee-line, determine the limits value of inserting milling cutter cutter length, diameter, then mate with the data in tool magazine, select cutter length than moderate cutter, if exist much knives tool to meet the demands, determine tool selection by engineering staff simultaneously;
2) machined parameters decision package is containing the biasing of bottom surface, side, axial cutting-in, and radial cut wide and the speed of mainshaft and speed of feed, determine that accordingly method is as follows:
After the slotting milling cutter information and part material information of selecting in extraction, through the matching analysis in technological parameter storehouse, in conjunction with the empirical value of inserting milling processing, automatic setting cut depth, cut wide, speed of feed, or by operating personnel manual amendment, determine final parameter value.
6. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that described automatic generation runner inserts that milling machining locus comprises the generation of cutter shaft, the setting of the optimization of cutter rail and advance and retreat cutter:
1) generation of cutter shaft is according to inserting milling machining area, adopt layering to insert the method for milling, first according to cutting parameter setting, minimum distance according to machining area front-back sideline along end face, calculate runner radially layered number, and according to parametrization, get a little on rolling off the production line on two ruled surface sides, line obtains the left and right line of every layer of cutter rail place face, scan nonplanar every layer of cutter rail place face that obtain, then according to surplus be arranged on guarantee to determine every layer under hands-off prerequisite in left and right edges cutter shaft, the last parametrization that rolls off the production line on every layer of cutter rail place face evenly generates every layer of middle cutter shaft, obtain runner and insert all cutter shafts of milling,
2) optimization of cutter rail is before every layer of first cutter and the plug in milling cutter rail of acute angle cutting zone increase, guarantee that every cutter cutting output is in safe range, wherein the judgment basis straight burr enveloping surface of acute angle cutting zone the outer normal direction of intersection mid point and cutter shaft face in intersection midpoint the angle towards between the normal direction of machining area, if angle is greater than setting value, need increase cutter shaft in corresponding region, described angle setting value is defaulted as the ratio of cutting wide value and tool radius that can revise;
3) setting of advance and retreat cutter is according to the end face arranging in machined parameters, bottom surface bias, creates the highest, minimum cutter location, generates all slotting milling machining locus; And acquiescence adopts by centre and starts to the left processing sequence to the right again in every layer of cutter rail, and according to knife up degree and the interlayer advance and retreat knife up degree of advancing and retreat between two cuttves in the knife up degree of advancing and retreat in every layer of automatic computation layer of cutter shaft face top line action, layer, guaranteeing, under collisionless prerequisite, to realize the dynamic optimization of advance and retreat cutter.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109858370A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-06-07 | 武汉开目信息技术股份有限公司 | The portion identification method and device of machined surface in three-dimensional part model |
| CN115586750A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-10 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Method for milling blade of whole blade ring of aero-engine in full program mode |
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| JPH0716860B2 (en) * | 1987-03-27 | 1995-03-01 | 豊田工機株式会社 | Automatic processing data creation device based on 2D CAD drawings |
| CN102629289B (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2014-05-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Automatic generation method of plunge milling toolpath for corner features |
| CN102922013B (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2015-06-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Cavity-characteristic-based high-efficiency rough machining method of aircraft structural part |
| CN103365243B (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-05-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for rapidly generating corner side milling process path |
| CN103336485B (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-04-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Rapid generating method of milling path of web of airplane structural member |
| CN103927426B (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2017-07-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Aero-engine blisk characteristic recognition method |
| CN103926879B (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2016-04-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | Aero-engine casing characteristic recognition method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109858370A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-06-07 | 武汉开目信息技术股份有限公司 | The portion identification method and device of machined surface in three-dimensional part model |
| CN109858370B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2021-06-15 | 武汉开目信息技术股份有限公司 | Method and device for identifying part of machining surface in three-dimensional model of part |
| CN115586750A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-01-10 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Method for milling blade of whole blade ring of aero-engine in full program mode |
| CN115586750B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-04-26 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Method for milling blades of whole She Huanquan programs of aero-engine |
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