CN104198593A - High-hydrostatic-pressure low-frequency calibrating cavity and testing method thereof - Google Patents
High-hydrostatic-pressure low-frequency calibrating cavity and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104198593A CN104198593A CN201410422490.4A CN201410422490A CN104198593A CN 104198593 A CN104198593 A CN 104198593A CN 201410422490 A CN201410422490 A CN 201410422490A CN 104198593 A CN104198593 A CN 104198593A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-hydrostatic-pressure low-frequency calibrating cavity and a testing method thereof. The high-hydrostatic-pressure low-frequency calibrating cavity mainly comprises a metal cavity, a transmitting transducer, a reciprocal transducer, a manual pressure pump and a pressure gauge, wherein the metal cavity is a cylindrical closed stainless steel cavity, sound bearing media fill the metal cavity, the transmitting transducer, the reciprocal transducer and a to-be-tested hydrophone are mounted in the metal cavity, and the transmitting transducer and the reciprocal transducer are symmetrically mounted on two sides in the metal cavity; the manual pressure pump is communicated with the metal cavity through a liquid inlet valve and is used for applying high hydrostatic pressure into the metal cavity, and the liquid inlet valve is used for communicating or separating the metal cavity with or from the manual pressure pump; a liquid draining hole in the metal cavity is communicated with a liquid draining valve, and the pressure gauge is used for monitoring the pressure in the metal cavity. The high-hydrostatic-pressure low-frequency calibrating cavity has the beneficial effects that the low-frequency receiving sensitivity of the to-be-tested hydrophone can be tested by comparing the hydrophone with the reciprocal transducer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to underwater acoustic measurement field, is a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity and method of testing.
Background technology
On the earth, about 3/4 area is ocean, and, some resource day by day deficient at land resources used today totally, and wide ocean, particularly deep-sea have all been invested sight in countries in the world.The detection of ocean resources, to develop be the emphasis of several years development from now on.On June 24th, 2012, by China's independent research, there are first 7000 meters of manned bathyscaphs " flood dragon " number of independent intellectual property right, in diving test, submerged depth reaches 7020 meters, has broken through 7000 meters of depth of water high pointes, has created the new historical of Chinese manned deep diving.The performance calibration how to wait the acoustic sensor of deep sea vehicle lift-launch to carry out under high hydrostatic pressure to " flood dragon " number seems particularly urgent.Acoustic sounding (as utilized deep water towed array sonar, deep water ADCP sonar detection etc.) is the important component part of deep-sea resources detection means.To these sound systems and deep water transducer, the calibration of acoustical behavior under actual service conditions is very necessary.Acoustic logging is an important means of oil well logging, acoustic logging instrument is worked under the environment of several kms in down-hole, be arranged on the hydrostatic force that acoustic sensor on well logger is bearing tens MPas equally, accurately testing its performance under high hydrostatic pressure environment, is a very significant job equally.
The method that nautical receiving set low frequency receiving sensitivity is calibrated has: vibration jet method, piezoelectricity penalty method, coupler reciprocal method etc.Vibration jet method is the method for the accurate acoustic pressure sensitivity of hydrophone of calibration of asking by the measurement of vibration acceleration, is suitable for the low-frequency sensitive degree calibration under normal pressure.Piezoelectricity the principle of compensation is: in the little water cavity of rigidity of a water-filling, place two transducers, one is source transducer, and another one is compensation transducer.When source transducer is subject to electric signal D
sduring excitation, in water cavity, produce acoustic pressure p.If cavity size much smaller than underwater acoustic wave wavelength, can think in chamber that acoustic pressure p equates everywhere.Nautical receiving set to be measured is placed in chamber, produces open-circuit voltage U under the effect of acoustic pressure p
h0.According to definition, the sound pressure sensitivity of nautical receiving set is M=U
hO/ p, therefore only requires and p value just can obtain M.Under the acoustic pressure p effect that the workplace of compensation transducer produces at source transducer, vibrate.If at this moment with one and D
sthe electric signal D of same frequency
cexcitation compensation transducer, and regulate D
cphase and magnitude make its workplace stop vibration, compensate transducer at electric signal D
cthe lower acoustic pressure p that can produce identical value in chamber of effect.Whether compensation transducer workplace stops vibration, in the idle situation of source transducer, by the displacement monitoring device being attached on compensation transducer, is judged.By a series of derivation, calculate, can obtain tested acoustic pressure sensitivity of hydrophone.Penalty method is a kind of absolute Calibrating Method of sensitivity, and test process more complicated is only suitable for low frequency sensitivity calibration under normal pressure equally.The proving installation that above method is set up, forms complexity, and process of measurement and device are safeguarded more loaded down with trivial details.
At home, the research of Bear high pressure low frequency is less, and the high pressure anechoic tank, that defense-related science, technology and industry underwater sound one-level test satellite location is set up can be calibrated nautical receiving set receiving sensitivity, frequency range 2kHz～200kHz, high hydrostatic pressure 10MPa, can not solve low-frequency sensitive degree calibration problem.The coupler calibration system that Harbin Engineering University and defense-related science, technology and industry underwater sound one-level test satellite location are all set up, test frequency scope 20Hz～2kHz, high hydrostatic pressure is up to 10MPa, still can not meet the even more needs of high hydrostatic pressure of 50MPa far away, be subject to the restriction of cavity and transmitting transducer, improve voltage endurance capability difficulty very big.The present invention mainly starts with from high pressure resistant cavity design and high-pressure transducer, sets up high voltage bearing comparison method calibration device, has the advantages that to form simple, easy operating and maintenance, realizes the low-frequency sensitive degree calibration being up under 70MPa high hydrostatic pressure.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, and provide a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity and method of testing, it is mainly the high pressure resistant metal sealing cavity of a kind of cylindricality, in chamber, be full of sound bearing medium (as water, methyl-silicone oil, castor-oil plant wet goods), in inside cavity, piezoelectricity transmitting transducer is housed, under signal source and power amplifier promotion, in medium, produce required high s/n ratio, stable homogeneous low frequency sound field, tested nautical receiving set and reciprocal transducer can be tested nautical receiving set low frequency receiving sensitivity by relative method.Utilize hand-operating pressure pump to filling liquid in metallic cavity, in cavity, form stable high hydrostatic pressure environment, thereby the low-frequency sensitive degree of having realized under high hydrostatic pressure condition is measured.
The object of the invention is to complete by following technical solution.This high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity, mainly comprise metallic cavity, transmitting transducer, reciprocal transducer, hand-operating pressure pump and tensimeter, metallic cavity is the stainless steel cavity of a cylindrical enclosure, inside is full of sound bearing medium, transmitting transducer, reciprocal transducer and tested nautical receiving set are installed in metallic cavity, and transmitting transducer and reciprocal transducer are arranged on symmetria bilateralis position in metallic cavity; Hand-operating pressure pump is connected with metallic cavity by liquid flowing valve, and for apply high hydrostatic pressure in metallic cavity, liquid flowing valve is communicated with or isolates with hand-operating pressure pump for metallic cavity; Outage in metallic cavity is connected with draining valve, and tensimeter is for monitoring the pressure in metallic cavity; Described metallic cavity, mainly comprise tank body, lid, end socket, elevating lever, long handle and short handle, end socket is connected with short handle by elevating lever, lid is arranged on end socket and with long handle and is connected, tank body and lid adopt the trapezoidal pressure-bearing of multi-turn to be threaded, tank body adopts the sealing of band " O " shape O-ring seal end socket, is provided with transmitting transducer, reciprocal transducer and tested nautical receiving set in the cavity of tank body.
Described reciprocal transducer is identical with transmitting transducer version, and standard is used as a comparison when calibrating; Described transmitting transducer mainly comprises metal support structure, high pressure resistant decoupling part, piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere, water-proof sound-transmitting layer and watertight cable, for generation of broad band low frequency acoustical signal; Piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere is drawn two wires and is connected with watertight cable, piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere adopts emission type piezoelectric ceramics PZT4 or high-power piezoelectric ceramic PZT8, be shaped as hemisphere hull shape, it is inner that high pressure resistant decoupling part is arranged on piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere, and it is outside that water-proof sound-transmitting layer is arranged on piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere.
The method of testing of this employing high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity, the method comprises the steps: calibration testing process: rotate short handle and long handle end socket and lid are promoted, until lid departs from tank body completely, lid is removed; Tested nautical receiving set is installed in tank body, and in the backward tank body of installation, filling liquid is to outage position, and liquid flowing valve and draining valve stay open; Retract lid and aim at tank body mouth center, rotate long handle pressure-bearing is threaded into, rotate short handle, make end socket be down to tank body sealing surface position; Rotate long handle to pressure-bearing screw thread bottom; Tighten draining valve, the hand-operating pressure pump that fluctuates starts pressurization, when tensimeter indicated pressure reaches the required hydrostatic pressing of test, stops pressurization, closes liquid flowing valve; Utilize signal source and power amplifier to provide pumping signal for transmitting transducer, transmitting transducer produces Homogeneous Pressure in metallic cavity, by testing the open-circuit voltage of tested nautical receiving set and reciprocal transducer, can calculate tested nautical receiving set receiving sensitivity, complete after test, slowly open liquid flowing valve and draining valve, making metallic cavity internal pressure is zero, opens lid and takes out tested nautical receiving set, and test process finishes.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency sensitive of the present invention degree calibration cavity, transmitting transducer adopts high pressure resistant decoupling material, the highest compressive resistance of decoupling material is 70MPa, and assurance transmitting transducer work structuring under high hydrostatic pressure can not destroyed, and has good decoupling, vibration isolating effect simultaneously.
(2) a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency sensitive of the present invention degree calibration cavity, transmitting transducer sensitive element adopts piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere, and transducer architecture is simple, and reliability is high.Hemispherical dome structure is that ball is symmetrical, and bearing capacity is strong, and volume is little, is adapted at using under high hydrostatic pressure environment.
(3) a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency sensitive of the present invention degree calibration cavity, transmitting transducer and reciprocal transducer adopt epoxy resin perfusion, neoprene sulfuration or polyurethane adhesive perfusion with conventional, more can guarantee the hard condition in cavity, also plays the effect of water-proof sound-transmitting simultaneously.
(4) a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency sensitive of the present invention degree calibration chamber, in metallic cavity, tank body and lid adopt the trapezoidal pressure-bearing of multi-turn to be threaded, and acme thread bearing resistance is high, and assurance metallic cavity is used safety under high hydrostatic pressure.Tank body and end socket adopt the sealing of band " O " shape O-ring seal end socket, and high pressure sealing performance is good, open, closing cap body is easy to operate.
(5) a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency sensitive of the present invention degree calibration chamber, reciprocal transducer receiving sensitivity adopts reciprocity calibration, and uncertainty of measurement is little, and measuring accuracy is high.Tested nautical receiving set receiving sensitivity adopts comparison method calibration, and test speed is fast, and testing efficiency is high.
(6) a kind of high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency sensitive of the present invention degree calibration chamber, pressurized equipment adopts hand-operating pressure pump, and pressure process is slowly carried out, and pressing speed is convenient to control, and reduces the damage to metallic cavity and transducer, extends the service time of calibrating installation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is general structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of transmitting transducer in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is metallic cavity cross-sectional view in the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1, metallic cavity; 2, transmitting transducer; 3, reciprocal transducer; 4, hand-operating pressure pump; 5: tensimeter; 6: draining valve; 7: metal support structure; 8: high pressure resistant decoupling part; 9: piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere; 10: water-proof sound-transmitting layer; 11: watertight cable; 12: tank body; 13: lid; 14: end socket; 15: elevating lever; 16: long handle; 17: short handle; 18: liquid flowing valve; 19, tested nautical receiving set.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described:
The present invention is in order to solve under high hydrostatic pressure condition, the calibration of nautical receiving set low-frequency sensitive degree, a kind of piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere transmitting transducer transmitting acoustical signal of utilizing has been proposed, in rigidity closed metal cavity, form even sound field, utilize high pressure resistant piezoelectric transducer transmitting acoustical signal, hand-operating pressure pump is for providing high hydrostatic pressure environment in cavity, tested nautical receiving set and reciprocal transducer are tested low frequency receiving sensitivity by relative method, hand-operating pressure pump provides required high hydrostatic pressure for metallic cavity, thereby realize, be up to the low frequency receiving sensitivity calibration measurement under 70MPa high hydrostatic pressure.
As shown in the figure, this high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity, mainly comprise metallic cavity 1, transmitting transducer 2, reciprocal transducer 3, hand-operating pressure pump 4 and tensimeter 5, metallic cavity 1 is the stainless steel cavity of a cylindrical enclosure, inside is full of sound bearing medium, transmitting transducer 2, reciprocal transducer 3 and tested nautical receiving set 19 are installed in metallic cavity 1, and transmitting transducer 2 and reciprocal transducer 3 are arranged on the interior symmetria bilateralis of metallic cavity 1 position; Hand-operating pressure pump 4 is connected with metallic cavity 1 by liquid flowing valve 18, for apply high hydrostatic pressure in metallic cavity 1, realizes high hydrostatic pressure test condition.Liquid flowing valve 18 is communicated with or isolates with hand-operating pressure pump 4 for metallic cavity 1; Outage in metallic cavity 1 is connected with draining valve 6, and tensimeter 5 is for monitoring the pressure in metallic cavity 1; Described metallic cavity 1, mainly comprises tank body 12, lid 13, end socket 14, elevating lever 15, long handle 16 and short handle 17, and end socket 14 is connected with short handle 17 by elevating lever 15, and lid 13 is arranged on end socket 14 and with long handle 16 and is connected.In order to guarantee the safety under high hydrostatic pressure condition, tank body 12 and lid 13 adopt the trapezoidal pressure-bearing of multi-turn to be threaded, tank body 12 adopts 14 sealings of band " O " shape O-ring seal end socket, is provided with transmitting transducer 2, reciprocal transducer 3 and tested nautical receiving set 19 in the cavity of tank body 12.End socket is connected with elevating lever, controls end socket move by elevating lever.This version is safe, opens, closes cavity easy and simple to handle.
Described reciprocal transducer 3 is identical with transmitting transducer 2 versions, and standard is used as a comparison when calibrating; Described transmitting transducer 2 mainly comprises metal support structure 7, high pressure resistant decoupling part 8, piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9, water-proof sound-transmitting layer 10 and watertight cable 11, for generation of broad band low frequency acoustical signal; Piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9 is drawn two wires and is connected with watertight cable 11, and piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9, high pressure resistant decoupling material 8 and metal support structure 7 are bonded together successively, under certain temperature and pressure, solidifies.Finally utilize perfusion mould to form water-proof sound-transmitting layer 10.Piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9 adopts emission type piezoelectric ceramics PZT4 or high-power piezoelectric ceramic PZT8, is shaped as hemisphere hull shape, and thickness 2-3mm be the best, and its diameter determines by cavity calibration frequency lower limit, and test frequency is lower, and diameter is larger.High pressure resistant decoupling part 8 is arranged on piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9 inside, and water-proof sound-transmitting layer 10 is arranged on piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere 9 outsides.
Described reciprocal transducer, structurally identical with transmitting transducer, all adopt high pressure resistant decoupling material, can under high hydrostatic pressure condition, work.Reciprocal transducer receiving sensitivity is by reciprocity calibration.Transmitting transducer, under signal source and power amplifier excitation, produces uniform acoustic pressure in chamber; Be arranged in tested nautical receiving set and the reciprocal transducer of appropriate location, chamber simultaneously, under identical acoustic pressure effect, produce separately open-circuit voltage U
xand U
o, tested acoustic pressure sensitivity of hydrophone can be expressed as:
In formula, M is tested nautical receiving set sensitivity level, M
0for reciprocal transducer sound pressure sensitivity level.
Described hand-operating pressure pump, is mainly used in providing high hydrostatic pressure in metallic cavity.Because metallic cavity volume is very little, as used electrical pressure pump, the rate of rise is too fast, and pressure is difficult to accurately control.Use the hand-operating pressure pump hydrostatic pressing that slowly raises, reduce the structural failure to transducer and cavity, it is more accurate that pressure is controlled.
Described tensimeter is for monitoring the hydrostatic pressing in metallic cavity, and in test process, transducer or tested hydrophone structure are damaged, can reflect by the tensimeter very first time.
It is rigidity that described metallic cavity acoustics requires, and conventionally adopts stainless steel material to process, and from acoustics, considers, cavity design must meet three conditions: 1. cavity wall and transducer are all rigidity; 2. the maximum linear dimension in chamber is more much smaller than medium wave length of sound in chamber, conventionally requiring chamber inside dimension is 1/10th of wavelength, and if the highest test frequency is 2000Hz, medium is pure water, wave length of sound is 750mm, and cavity maximum linear dimension is not more than 75mm; 3. the border that requires cavity is rigid walls, and border has very high acoustic impedance, therefore conventionally the thickness of design chamber wall approximate chamber internal diameter half.
Described high pressure resistant decoupling part 8, is positioned at piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere inner, and effect is vibration isolation, decoupling, and decoupling part is compound substance, density 0.7kg/cm
3left and right, the maximum pressure-bearing of material is 70MPa.Described water-proof sound-transmitting layer 10, adopts epoxy resin form, and neoprene sulfuration or polyurethane adhesive perfusion with conventional, more can guarantee the hard condition in cavity.Transmitting transducer size is less, is operated in disresonance frequency range, during low frequency the impedance of piezoelectric element very high, in design, need to consider the impedance matching with transmitting transducer during power amplifier.
The method of testing of the high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity described in this employing, reciprocal transducer 3 receiving sensitivities adopt reciprocity calibration, and uncertainty of measurement is little, and measuring accuracy is high.Tested nautical receiving set receiving sensitivity adopts comparison method calibration, and test speed is fast, and testing efficiency is high.The method comprises the steps: calibration testing process: rotate short handle 17 and long handle 16 end socket 14 and lid 13 are promoted, until lid 13 departs from tank body 12 completely, lid 13 is removed; Tested nautical receiving set 19 is installed in tank body 12, and the interior filling liquid of the backward tank body 12 of installation is to outage position, and liquid flowing valve 18 and draining valve 6 stay open; Retract lid 13 and aim at tank body 12Kou center, rotate long handle 16 pressure-bearing is threaded into, rotate short handle 17, make end socket 14 be down to tank body 12 sealing surface positions; Rotate long handle 16 to pressure-bearing screw thread bottom; Tighten draining valve 6, the hand-operating pressure pump 4 that fluctuates starts pressurization, when tensimeter 5 indicated pressures reach the required hydrostatic pressing of test, stops pressurization, closes liquid flowing valve 6; Utilize signal source and power amplifier to provide pumping signal for transmitting transducer 2, transmitting transducer is at the interior generation Homogeneous Pressure of metallic cavity 1, by testing the open-circuit voltage of tested nautical receiving set 19 and reciprocal transducer 3, can calculate tested nautical receiving set receiving sensitivity, complete after test, slowly open liquid flowing valve 18 and draining valve 6, making metallic cavity 1 internal pressure is zero, opens lid 13 and takes out tested nautical receiving set, and test process finishes.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments, and all employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity, it is characterized in that: mainly comprise metallic cavity (1), transmitting transducer (2), reciprocal transducer (3), hand-operating pressure pump (4) and tensimeter (5), metallic cavity (1) is the stainless steel cavity of a cylindrical enclosure, inside is full of sound bearing medium, transmitting transducer (2), reciprocal transducer (3) and tested nautical receiving set (19) are installed in metallic cavity (1), and transmitting transducer (2) and reciprocal transducer (3) are arranged on the interior symmetria bilateralis of metallic cavity (1) position; Hand-operating pressure pump (4) is connected with metallic cavity (1) by liquid flowing valve (18), for apply high hydrostatic pressure in metallic cavity (1), liquid flowing valve (18) is communicated with or isolates with hand-operating pressure pump (4) for metallic cavity (1); Outage in metallic cavity (1) is connected with draining valve (6), and tensimeter (5) is for monitoring the pressure in metallic cavity (1); described metallic cavity (1), mainly comprise tank body (12), lid (13), end socket (14), elevating lever (15), long handle (16) and short handle (17), end socket (14) is connected with short handle (17) by elevating lever (15), lid (13) is arranged on end socket (14) above and is connected with long handle (16), tank body (12) and lid (13) adopt the trapezoidal pressure-bearing of multi-turn to be threaded, tank body (12) adopts band " O " shape O-ring seal end socket (14) sealing, in the cavity of tank body (12), be provided with transmitting transducer (2), reciprocal transducer (3) and tested nautical receiving set (19).
2. high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described reciprocal transducer (3) is identical with transmitting transducer (2) version, and standard is used as a comparison when calibrating; Described transmitting transducer (2) mainly comprises metal support structure (7), high pressure resistant decoupling part (8), piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere (9), water-proof sound-transmitting layer (10) and watertight cable (11), for generation of broad band low frequency acoustical signal; Piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere (9) is drawn two wires and is connected with watertight cable (11), piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere (9) adopts emission type piezoelectric ceramics PZT4 or high-power piezoelectric ceramic PZT8, be shaped as hemisphere hull shape, high pressure resistant decoupling part (8) is arranged on piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere (9) inside, and water-proof sound-transmitting layer (10) is arranged on piezoelectric ceramics hemisphere (9) outside.
3. a method of testing that adopts high hydrostatic pressure low-frequency calibration cavity as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps: calibration testing process: rotate short handle (17) and long handle (16) end socket (14) and lid (13) are promoted, until lid (13) departs from tank body (12) completely, lid (13) is removed; Tested nautical receiving set (19) is installed in tank body (12), and the interior filling liquid of the backward tank body of installation (12) is to outage position, and liquid flowing valve (18) and draining valve (6) stay open; Retract lid (13) and aim at tank body (12) mouthful center, rotate long handle (16) pressure-bearing is threaded into, rotate short handle (17), make end socket (14) be down to tank body (12) sealing surface position; Rotate long handle (16) to pressure-bearing screw thread bottom; Tighten draining valve (6), the hand-operating pressure pump that fluctuates (4) starts pressurization, when tensimeter (5) indicated pressure reaches the required hydrostatic pressing of test, stops pressurization, closes liquid flowing valve (6); Utilize signal source and power amplifier to provide pumping signal for transmitting transducer (2), transmitting transducer produces Homogeneous Pressure in metallic cavity (1), by testing the open-circuit voltage of tested nautical receiving set (19) and reciprocal transducer (3), can calculate tested nautical receiving set receiving sensitivity, complete after test, slowly open liquid flowing valve (18) and draining valve (6), making metallic cavity (1) internal pressure is zero, open lid (13) and take out tested nautical receiving set, test process finishes.
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