CN104198093A - Strain variation based milling residual stress unbalancing value measuring method - Google Patents

Strain variation based milling residual stress unbalancing value measuring method Download PDF

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CN104198093A
CN104198093A CN201410473483.7A CN201410473483A CN104198093A CN 104198093 A CN104198093 A CN 104198093A CN 201410473483 A CN201410473483 A CN 201410473483A CN 104198093 A CN104198093 A CN 104198093A
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value
stress
layer
measured
strain
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袁铁军
孟龙晖
张秀丽
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Yangcheng Institute of Technology
Yancheng Institute of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a strain variation based milling residual stress unbalancing value measuring method. The method includes: subjecting a to-be-measured part to annealing treatment so as to remove internal stress of the part; milling the to-be-measured part, corroding a machined face via chemical milling solution for corrosion and delamination, removing residual stress layers caused by machining layer by layer, and measuring a strain value of the to-be-measured part in real time; measuring thickness variation of the to-be-measured part; repeating the first, second and third steps till the corroded and delaminated layer does not generate variation of the strain value, wherein the residual stress layers caused by machining are removed by corrosion at the moment; according to strain value data measured at the last time, performing backstepping to obtain residual stress values of the upper layers from the bottom layer step by step so as to obtain residual stress value distribution before self balancing of residual stress. The values before self balancing of the residual stress in the whole machined stress layer are computed by backstepping layer by layer from the bottom layer on the basis of chemical milling delamination and strain variable, the method is simple, accuracy is reliable, used equipment is low in cost, measured results are reliable in accuracy.

Description

Milling Process unrelieved stress based on strain variation is the measuring method of self-equilibrating value not
Technical field
The invention discloses the not measuring method of self-equilibrating value of Milling Process unrelieved stress based on strain variation, relate to method for measuring stress in mechanical engineering field.
Background technology
The surface stress that machine cut processing causes is characterized as distribution very shallow (generally can not surpass 0.2mm), still on depth direction, but have a higher rate of change, and its value is tending towards 0 very soon.Accurate measurement for its value has certain difficulty.
For the principal feature of forming residual stress, traditional measuring method is mainly in conjunction with delamination with x-ray method.Its technology of x-ray method has developed comparatively maturation at present, and its current application is also more extensive.
The final formation of the piece surface unrelieved stress that machining causes can be divided into following two steps from sequencing in logic: 1, in cutting process, due to the acting in conjunction of the factors such as mechanical stress, thermal stress and phase transformation, at piece surface, form the not unrelieved stress of self-equilibrating of one deck; 2, its surface not unrelieved stress of self-equilibrating can obtain part release, cause that deformation to a certain extent occurs whole workpiece, the energy that makes original densification be stored in machined surface layer can partly be transferred to other positions of part, make part that self-equilibrating has occurred, form the unrelieved stress after self-equilibrating, thereby formed final surface working unrelieved stress.Here it is worth emphasizing that, the stress value that x-ray method records is the stress value after self-equilibrating, and and non-equilibrium before stress.If the distortion of the stress value after use self-equilibrating prediction part, bringing the stress value after self-equilibrating into while calculating in model its stress value can further there is self-equilibrating, predicts the outcome and has larger error
The size and dimension of part can badly influence the releasing degree of the unrelieved stress of part, the deformation extent that part occurs is simultaneously also to be determined by the value before unrelieved stress self-equilibrating, therefore the distortion occurring for correct Prediction part, should measure unrelieved stress self-equilibrating value before, it can predict the deflection separately adding of different size and shape under same processing conditions, thereby whether the precision that can predict part meets the demands, and in the past x-ray method to record be the value after should be force self-balanced, so its result does not meet the demands.More important point is that the price comparison of X ray stress ga(u)ge is expensive, and its universal use also has certain difficulty at present.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: for the defect of prior art, the not measuring method of self-equilibrating value of Milling Process unrelieved stress based on strain variation is provided, by the variation of monitor strain, use reverse thinking, by the residual-stress value of bottom counter pushing away upwards progressively, finally obtained the surface residual stress value of the not self-equilibrating that cut causes.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical solutions:
Milling Process unrelieved stress based on strain variation is the measuring method of self-equilibrating value not, and concrete steps comprise:
Step 1, part to be measured is carried out to annealing in process to remove the internal stress of part;
Step 2, part to be measured is carried out to Milling Process, with chemical milling solution corrosion processing face, corrode delamination, the unrelieved stress layer that processing is caused is successively removed, and measures in real time the strain value of part to be measured;
Step 3, the variation of measuring the thickness of part to be measured;
Step 4, repeating step one to three, until the variation that do not produce strain value of corrosion delamination, now, the unrelieved stress layer that processing the causes removal that is corroded;
Step 5, by the strain value data of measuring for the last time gained, from the bottom counter layer residual-stress value of pushing to progressively, draw the residual-stress value distribution situation before unrelieved stress self-equilibrating.
As present invention further optimization scheme, in described step 5, according to the amount of deflection of the stress value of bottom and part to be measured, change the progressively counter unrelieved stress of pushing to layer, the concrete steps of method for solving are:
(501) set in step 4 and altogether carried out N delamination removal, bottom i.e. the residual-stress value σ of N layer nfor:
σ N＝-4Δε NEI N/bh NΔh N(h N+Δh N)；
Wherein, E is part material elastic modulus to be measured, h nbe the residual thickness of part to be measured after the N time corrosion, Δ ε nbe the variation of the strain value that records after the N time corrosion, I nbe the moment of inertia of part cross-section centering axle to be measured after this corrosion of N, Δ h nbe the thickness of the material layer of the N time delamination removal, the width that b is part to be measured;
I N = bh N 3 / 12 ;
(502) residual-stress value of n layer reciprocal is expressed as:
σ N - n + 1 = 2 Δ M N - n + 1 N - n + 1 / bΔ h N - n + 1 ( h N - N + 1 + Δ h N - n + 1 ) ;
Wherein, 1≤n≤N-1, the changing value of moment of flexure for:
Δ M N - n + 1 N - n + 1 = 2 EΔ ϵ N - n + 1 I N - n + 1 / h N - n + 1 - Σ m = N - n + 1 N σ m bΔ h m Δ h N - n + 1 / 2 ;
subscript N-n+1 represent N-n+1 stressor layers, subscript N-n+1 represent the N-n+1 time corrosion, I n-n+1the moment of inertia that represents the N-n+1 time rear part cross-section centering axle to be measured of corrosion, its value is:
I N - n + 1 = bh N - n + 1 3 / 12 ;
(503) repeating step (502), calculates the residual-stress value after every one deck corrosion delamination, draws the residual-stress value distribution situation before unrelieved stress self-equilibrating.
As present invention further optimization scheme, in described step 2, foil gauge is affixed on to the machined surface back side of tested part, use strainmeter to measure in real time the strain value of part to be measured.
As present invention further optimization scheme, be also provided with temperature compensation sheet and adopt half-bridge connection method, foil gauge is carried out to temperature compensation.
As present invention further optimization scheme, in described step 3, with the feeler that precision is 1 μ m, measure the variation of the thickness of part, and take repeatedly to measure the method for averaging and measure.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme compared with prior art, there is following technique effect: the present invention uses based on milling delamination and strain variation, by bottom, counted, counter pushing away successively, calculate the value before unrelieved stress self-equilibrating in whole machining stress layer, its method is simple, and precision is reliable, device therefor is cheap, and the deformation accuracy of the prediction of result part that it records is reliable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be part to be measured by delamination after its neutral line position schematic diagram that changes;
Fig. 2 measures part strain device schematic diagram to be measured;
Wherein: the neutral line that 1, after delamination, position changes, 2, the delamination front position neutral line that do not change, 3, by the material layer of milling delamination, 4, measured workpiece, 5, monitor strain sheet, 6, temperature compensation foil gauge, 7, strainmeter, 8, computer.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the present invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has the element of identical or similar functions from start to finish.Below by the embodiment being described with reference to the drawings, be exemplary, only for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
The main thought of this invention is for to carry out milling delamination to the stressor layers of the machined surface of part, with feeler, measure the material layer thickness of each erosion removal, and measure the variation of the strain at the back side of corrosion front and back machined surface at every turn with foil gauge, consider the variation of the position of part neutral line in this process, forward the anti-stress value pushing away before unrelieved stress self-equilibrating progressively.
The measurement part strain device to be measured schematic diagram that the present invention uses as shown in Figure 2, is used the strain value of foil gauge and strain-ga(u)ge measurement part to be measured, utilizes computer to carry out data processing.
Setting part length is L, is highly h, and the neutral line position of part is how much centre positions, and the height of neutral line is h/2.
Before part is carried out to Milling Process, first it is carried out to annealing in process to remove the internal stress of part, and then it is carried out to Milling Process, in order to avoid the initial internal stress of part causes serious impact to measurement result in measuring process.
After completion of processing, build the back side that foil gauge 5 is affixed on tested part 4 machined surfaces, and with 704 silica gel by its seal protection.With chemical milling solution corrosion processing face, the unrelieved stress layer that processing is caused is successively removed.The variation meeting of considering room temperature in measuring process produces certain impact to the measurement result of foil gauge, therefore, adopt half-bridge connection method here and adopt temperature compensation sheet 6 to carry out temperature compensation to it, in the situation that room temperature changes, guarantee to obtain more accurate result.
The variation of measuring the thickness of part with the feeler that precision is 1 μ m, in order to improve precision, can repeatedly measure and average here.The degree of depth that records corrosion is for the first time Δ h 1, can show that Δ h has been moved to principle machined surface direction in the position of the rear neutral line of corrosion for the first time 1/ 2, as shown in Figure 1.
Repeat above process, machined surface is corroded to delamination, and the variation of the material layer thickness of the each corrosion of measurement and the strain at the machined surface back side, until continue corrosion delamination, strain has tended towards stability and do not have anything to change, and illustrate that the removal that is substantially corroded of unrelieved stress layer that processing causes is complete.
Suppose when part amount of deflection tends towards stability altogether to have corroded N time, the material layer thickness of the N time corrosion is Δ h n, after corrosion, part residual thickness is h n, corrosion when last unrelieved stress layer owing to there not being other unrelieved stress participation roles, therefore can think variation that this corrosion step the causes measured strain unrelieved stress σ of layer completely thus nrelease cause.According to the actual physics meaning of moment of flexure, the moment of flexure that N stressor layers acts in part can firmly be expressed as with the product of the arm of force:
M N＝F Nl N＝σ N·b·Δh N·(h N+Δh N)/2 (1)
Wherein, F nbe the axial force of N layer, l nbe the distance of its center line and part neutral line before N layer is corroded, the width that b is part.The variation of the N stressor layers moment of flexure that inside parts produces after the N time corrosion delamination is completely removed material can be expressed as:
Δ M N N = - M N = - σ N · b · Δ h N · ( h N + Δ h N ) / 2 - - - ( 2 )
Wherein, subscript N represents N stressor layers, and subscript N represents the N time corrosion, and the same letter occurring below is herein all identical with implication before this, but is further distinguished by subscript.
According to the relation of mechanics of materials maximum （normal） stress and moment of flexure:
σ max＝M eqy max/I z (3)
And then obtain the relation of maximum strain and moment of flexure:
ε max＝M eqy max/EI (4)
Can be by further by strain, be expressed as:
Δ M N N = 2 Δϵ EI N / h N - - - ( 5 )
Wherein, Δ ε nbe the variation of the strain that records after the N time erosion removal material, the elastic modulus that E is part material, I nbe the moment of inertia of part cross-section centering axle after the N time corrosion, its value is:
I N = bh N 3 / 12 .
Two kinds of expression formulas of comprehensive above moment of flexure, the average residual residue stress that can further obtain N layer is:
σ N＝-4Δε NEI N/bh NΔh N(h N+Δh N) (6)
The stress value of the layer last of trying to achieve is here for real value, without carrying out any correction and compensation.
Try to achieve after the stress value of last one deck the anti-stress value that pushes over several second layers thus, the degree of depth of second from the bottom corrosion is Δ h n-1, because N-1 layer is corroded, removes the moment of flexure that discharges the part causing completely of its stress after material and be changed to:
Δ M N - 1 N - 1 = - σ N - 1 b h N - 1 Δ h N - 1 / 2 - - - ( 7 )
The removal of this stressor layers will cause the position of the neutral line of the part Δ h that moved up n-1the moment of flexure that the stress of the/2, the N layer produces can change because of the moving of position of part neutral line, and its changing value is:
Δ M N N - 1 = σ N bΔ h N Δ h N - 1 / 2 - - - ( 8 )
Therefore at the changes delta ε that corrodes the rear strain of layer second from the bottom n-1not completely the release due to the unrelieved stress of layer second from the bottom causes, also has the variation of the moment of flexure producing in part because of layer last and causes, according to the relational expression of strain and moment of flexure, can obtain for thickness is h n-1part cause that amount of deflection is Δ ε n-1the required moment of flexure of variation be:
M(Δε N-1)＝2EΔε N-1I N-1/h N-1 (9)
Wherein, after second from the bottom corrosion, the moment of inertia of part cross-section centering axle is secondary cross section square therefore can calculate the moment of flexure changing value only causing at inside parts due to discharging completely of layer unrelieved stress second from the bottom can be expressed as:
Δ M N - 1 N - 1 = 2 EΔ ϵ N - 1 I N - 1 / h N - 1 - σ N bΔ h N Δ h N - 1 / 2 - - - ( 10 )
The average residual-stress value that can further calculate layer second from the bottom is:
σ N - 1 = 2 Δ M N - 1 N - 1 / bΔ h N - 1 ( h N - 1 + Δ h N - 1 ) - - - ( 11 )
The moment of flexure that in the time of need to considering corrosion layer third from the bottom when calculating the internal stress of layer third from the bottom, the stress of layer second from the bottom and layer last produces all can change because of moving of neutral line position, and this two-layer internal stress has all obtained in previous calculations, the internal stress that therefore can calculate layer third from the bottom is:
σ N - 2 = 2 Δ M N - 2 N - 2 / bΔ h N - 2 ( h N - 2 + Δ h N - 2 ) - - - ( 12 )
Wherein, can be expressed as:
Δ M N - 2 N - 2 = 2 EΔ ϵ N - 2 I N - 2 / h N - 2 - σ N - 1 bΔ h N - 1 Δ h N - 2 / 2 - σ N bΔ h N Δ h N - 2 / 2 - - - ( 13 )
By that analogy, the stress of n layer reciprocal can be expressed as:
σ N - n + 1 = 2 Δ M N - n + 1 N - n + 1 / bΔ h N - n + 1 ( h N - n + 1 + Δ h N - n + 1 ) - - - ( 14 )
Wherein, value be:
Δ M N - n + 1 N - n + 1 = 2 EΔ ϵ N - n + 1 I N - n + 1 / h N - n + 1 - Σ m = N - n + 1 N σ m bΔ h m Δ h N - n + 1 / 2 - - - ( 15 )
The stress of every reckoning one deck need to be considered the variation of caused moment of flexure of stress value of every one deck of corrosion after it, until the stress of ground floor is pushed out, the unrelieved stress with change in depth that now Milling Process causes is tried to achieve completely.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken possessing those of ordinary skills, can also under the prerequisite that does not depart from aim of the present invention, makes a variety of changes.The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, yet not in order to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, when can utilizing the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to make a little change or being modified to the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, in every case be not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, according to technical spirit of the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention, the any simple modification that above embodiment is done, be equal to replacement and improvement etc., within all still belonging to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. the measuring method of self-equilibrating value not of the Milling Process unrelieved stress based on strain variation, is characterized in that, concrete steps comprise:
Step 1, part to be measured is carried out to annealing in process to remove the internal stress of part;
Step 2, part to be measured is carried out to Milling Process, with chemical milling solution corrosion processing face, corrode delamination, the unrelieved stress layer that processing is caused is successively removed, and measures in real time the strain value of part to be measured;
Step 3, the variation of measuring the thickness of part to be measured;
Step 4, repeating step one to three, until the variation that do not produce strain value of corrosion delamination, now, the unrelieved stress layer that processing the causes removal that is corroded;
Step 5, by the strain value data of measuring for the last time gained, from the bottom counter layer residual-stress value of pushing to progressively, draw the residual-stress value distribution situation before unrelieved stress self-equilibrating.
2. the Milling Process unrelieved stress based on the strain variation as claimed in claim 1 measuring method of self-equilibrating value not, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, according to the amount of deflection of the stress value of bottom and part to be measured, change the progressively counter unrelieved stress of pushing to layer, the concrete steps of method for solving are:
(501) set in step 4 and altogether carried out N delamination removal, bottom i.e. the residual-stress value σ of N layer nfor:
σ N＝-4Δε NEI N/bh NΔh N(h N+Δh N)；
Wherein, E is part material elastic modulus to be measured, h nbe the residual thickness of part to be measured after the N time corrosion, Δ ε nbe the variation of the strain value that records after the N time corrosion, I nbe the moment of inertia of part cross-section centering axle to be measured after this corrosion of N, Δ h nbe the thickness of the material layer of the N time delamination removal, the width that b is part to be measured;
I N = bh N 3 / 12 ;
(502) residual-stress value of n layer reciprocal is expressed as:
σ N - n + 1 = 2 Δ M N - n + 1 N - n + 1 / bΔ h N - n + 1 ( h N - N + 1 + Δ h N - n + 1 ) ;
Wherein, 1≤n≤N-1, the changing value of moment of flexure for:
Δ M N - n + 1 N - n + 1 = 2 EΔ ϵ N - n + 1 I N - n + 1 / h N - n + 1 - Σ m = N - n + 1 N σ m bΔ h m Δ h N - n + 1 / 2 ;
subscript N-n+1 represent N-n+1 stressor layers, subscript N-n+1 represent the N-n+1 time corrosion, I n-n+1the moment of inertia that represents the N-n+1 time rear part cross-section centering axle to be measured of corrosion, its value is:
I N - n + 1 = bh N - n + 1 3 / 12 ;
(503) repeating step (502), calculates the residual-stress value after every one deck corrosion delamination, draws the residual-stress value distribution situation before unrelieved stress self-equilibrating.
3. the Milling Process unrelieved stress based on the strain variation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 measuring method of self-equilibrating value not, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, foil gauge is affixed on to the machined surface back side of tested part, uses strainmeter to measure in real time the strain value of part to be measured.
4. the Milling Process unrelieved stress based on the strain variation as claimed in claim 3 measuring method of self-equilibrating value not, is characterized in that: be also provided with temperature compensation sheet and adopt half-bridge connection method, foil gauge is carried out to temperature compensation.
5. the Milling Process unrelieved stress based on the strain variation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 measuring method of self-equilibrating value not, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, with the feeler that precision is 1 μ m, measure the variation of the thickness of part, and take repeatedly to measure the method for averaging and measure.
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CN107036746A (en) * 2017-06-05 2017-08-11 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 A kind of amorphous coating residual stress detection method
CN107036747A (en) * 2017-06-05 2017-08-11 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 One kind solidification spot residual stress detection method
CN107764453A (en) * 2017-10-16 2018-03-06 南京工业大学 Milling part surface residual stress measuring method based on strain change and reverse thrust method
CN112179541A (en) * 2020-09-02 2021-01-05 大连理工大学 Initial residual stress adjusting method based on deformation reverse thrust

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107036746A (en) * 2017-06-05 2017-08-11 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 A kind of amorphous coating residual stress detection method
CN107036747A (en) * 2017-06-05 2017-08-11 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 One kind solidification spot residual stress detection method
CN107764453A (en) * 2017-10-16 2018-03-06 南京工业大学 Milling part surface residual stress measuring method based on strain change and reverse thrust method
CN112179541A (en) * 2020-09-02 2021-01-05 大连理工大学 Initial residual stress adjusting method based on deformation reverse thrust
CN112179541B (en) * 2020-09-02 2021-07-16 大连理工大学 Initial residual stress adjusting method based on deformation reverse thrust

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Application publication date: 20141210