Background technology
Balance is mainly divided into mechanical balance and the large class of electronic balance two.Balance is the main weighing apparatus that weighs micro weight.The advantage that the electronic balances such as the mechanical balance under prior art, has range of weighing large, and sensibility reciprocal (sensitivity or precision) is little do not have.Its sensibility reciprocal depends primarily on its structure and machining precision.Its weighing is mainly to change by changing different counterweights, and not enough part is mended enough by rider.So counterweight is the important composition part of balance, the accuracy of counterweight is directly connected to the accuracy that balance weighs.The simultaneously use of counterweight has brought certain trouble to the operation of balance, and the keeping of counterweight has brought trouble to user equally, once and its lose, just directly affect the range of weighing of balance, even cannot normally work; On the other hand, weigh weight with mechanical balance, in the time that weight exceeds the weight of counterweight, exceeding part must make balance both sides balance by mobile rider.In the process of mobile code, be easy to the balance to balance artificially and cause interference, make weighing operation become complicated and difficulty and uprise.These are all the obvious deficiencies of mechanical balance.
Electronic balance need not counterweight, and maximum benefit is easy to use.But, the range of weighing of each electronic balance be fix and also be very limited.In the time being claimed that thing is a bit larger tham the range of weighing of electronic balance, it is very large that its error will become.In the time being claimed thing much smaller than the maximum capacity of electronic balance, it is very large that its error becomes equally.In the occasion that need to weigh in a big way, for example, from several grams to several kilograms, have to prepare multiple electronic balances for meeting accuracy requirement people.But the absolute error of electronic balance is along with it weighs the increase of rank and increases.Therefore, require in large weighing and high-precision situation at the same time, electronic balance is " unable to do what one wishes ".In these areas, electronic balance can not show a candle to mechanical balance, because mechanical balance can change range of weighing by changing counterweight, and changes after range of weighing, and its sensibility reciprocal (sensitivity or precision) is substantially constant.This is that current electronic balance cannot be accomplished.
From the above, mechanical balance and electronic balance respectively have merits and demerits, if both can be combined, make up for each other's deficiencies and learn from each other, and make balance without counterweight in the situation that, same obtain the large high precision weighing in model be the most desirable only.Unfortunately in prior art, do not have such balance.
Summary of the invention
For balance is not in the situation that using counterweight, obtain the high precision in large range of weighing and large range of weighing, the present invention has taked following technical measures: one end of crossbeam is hung with hanging scaffold, the other end of crossbeam is hung with solenoid, solenoid is contained in a magnetic loop being mainly made up of magnet or electromagnet, solenoid connects driving circuit, driving circuit connects single-chip microcomputer, movable blade bearing drive is housed on support and multiple movable blade is held, support is equipped with inductive switch near one end of hanging scaffold, inductive switch connects single-chip microcomputer, the place of holding in each movable blade of aligning on crossbeam has the edge of a knife, movable blade is held and can be driven and elevating movement in order up and down by movable blade bearing drive, single-chip microcomputer connects movable blade bearing drive and display screen.
Benefit of the present invention is: basic structure of the present invention remains mechanical balance, owing to movable blade bearing drive being installed on support and multiple movable blade is held, makes balance hold support crossbeam by the movable blade of diverse location.On crossbeam, to hold be exactly the fulcrum of diverse location to the movable blade of diverse location, can on crossbeam, obtain being like this greater than 1 and be less than 1 arm than the ratio of right arm (left arm with).Root institute lever principle is known, and different arms is than making the weight on hanging scaffold be loaded on electromagnetism counterweight by this arm ratio.Electromagnetism counterweight is in certain scope, and the pulling force of generation is proportional to the electric current by solenoid.That is to say, in certain scope, know by the electric current of coil and just know that coil has produced great pulling force.This is equivalent to a variable counterweight within the specific limits; The such structure of the present invention is equivalent to the range of weighing of this " variable counterweight " expand and dwindle.Even if make balance without counterweight also consecutive weighings weight within a large range, and, still can keep highly sensitive amount sense weighing larger weight amount.On the other hand, because the present invention has used single-chip microcomputer, it can automatically carry out the every operation of this balance and need not manual intervention.The present invention has advantages of mechanical balance and electronic balance without the balance of counterweight, has realized the automatic weighing without the wide range of counterweight simultaneously.It has simplified weighing work greatly.
Embodiment
Movable blade bearing drive described in the application, referring to can be manually or according to the instruction of computing machine (single-chip microcomputer), drives movable blade to hold machinery or the electromechanical assembly of orderly lifting.Movable blade bearing drive has various forms, for example, and actuated by cams formula, motor screw drive-type and manual actuation formula etc.The present invention does not have particular/special requirement to movable blade bearing drive, allly can drive machinery that movable blade holds orderly lifting or electromechanical assembly to be all applicable to the present invention to use.
Electromagnetism counterweight described in the application, different with real physics counterweight.It is a variable simulation counterweight, refers under the control of computing machine (single-chip microcomputer), can produce to crossbeam the device of controllable simulation weight (pulling force).The critical piece of composition electromagnetism counterweight has solenoid 11 and the field circuit that is made up of magnetic conductive board, iron core, magnet or electromagnet 12 etc., as shown in Figure 1.The field circuit that magnet or electromagnet 12, magnetic conductive board, iron core etc. form, field circuit is through solenoid 11 center, and solenoid 11 can easy on and off motion in field circuit.In the time that having current flowing, solenoid 11 will produce magnetic magnetic field.At this moment under two magnetic field interactions, solenoid 11 produces the acting force along magnetic direction, and change sense of current can change the direction of this power, and this power is proportional to the electric current by solenoid under certain conditions simultaneously.So as long as can control the electric current by solenoid, be just equivalent to control the simulation weight of counterweight or be equivalent to place different counterweights on balance.
Example 1: actuated by cams formula movable blade bearing drive structure is as follows: multiple movable blade are installed on support 6 and hold 3, movable blade is held 3 liftable motions under the driving of cam 4.On support 6, be movably installed with camshaft 5, be installed with multiple cams 4 on camshaft 5, the end face center line between cam is staggered at an ang, and makes to only have whenever at most movable blade of an actuated by cams to hold rise.Follower gear 7 is housed on camshaft 5, magnetite 8 is housed and with together with gear mesh on stepper motor 10 axles on follower gear 7.Make stepper motor can drive follower gear, camshaft to rotate together with cam.On support 6, the circumference side of magnetite 8 processes, is equipped with Hall element.Hall element connects single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer connects controllor for step-by-step motor, and controllor for step-by-step motor connects stepper motor driver, and stepper motor driver connects stepper motor 10 as shown in Figure 1.Such structure can turn round by the instruction of single-chip microcomputer stepper motor.When follower gear 7 turns to magnetite 8 near Hall element 9, Hall element sends movable blade bearing drive and resets successful signal to single-chip microcomputer.At this moment all cams leave movable blade and hold, and all movable blade are held the armed state that is in below.The principle of work of actuated by cams formula movable blade bearing drive is: in the time connecting the power supply of balance, enter normal operating conditions after monolithic processor resetting.And then single-chip microcomputer detects the signal that Hall element transmits, and determines that whether actuated by cams formula movable blade bearing drive is at reset mode.If it is not at reset mode, single-chip microcomputer will send instruction to controllor for step-by-step motor, stepper motor driver etc., and control step motor 10 rotates.Stepper motor 10 rotates by gear driven follower gear 7, magnetite 8, camshaft 5 and cam 4.In the time that follower gear 7 rotations make magnetite 8 aim at Hall element 9, the magnetic field of magnetite 8 makes Hall element send electric signal to single-chip microcomputer.Single-chip microcomputer is received after this signal, sends immediately instruction, closes down the power supply of stepper motor 10 by electric machine controller, makes stepper motor 10 stop operating.At this moment all cams 4 depart from movable blade and hold 3 and be parked in armed state.All movable blade on support 6 are held 3 armed states that all drop to lower dead center, at this moment do not have movable blade to hold independent support crossbeam 2.Actuated by cams formula movable blade bearing drive has resetted; In when work, single-chip microcomputer can rotate certain number of turns to some directions by control step motors 10 such as controllor for step-by-step motor, drives successively different cam 4 that different movable blade is held to 3 jack-up crossbeams 2 upwards in order, becomes the new fulcrum of crossbeam 2.That is to say, motor 10 is to every to the certain number of turns of the every rotation of direction, just can change a cam another movable blade is held to 3 jack-up support crossbeams 2 upwards, be equivalent to change to a direction fulcrum of crossbeam 2, completed the driving task of holding 3 support crossbeams 2 by the different movable blade of the order-driven of single-chip microcomputer.
This routine structure is: one end of crossbeam is hung with hanging scaffold, the other end of crossbeam is hung with solenoid, solenoid is contained in a magnetic loop, solenoid connects driving circuit, driving circuit connects single-chip microcomputer, movable blade bearing drive is housed on support and multiple movable blade is held, support is equipped with inductive switch near one end of hanging scaffold, inductive switch connects single-chip microcomputer, the place of holding in each movable blade of aligning on crossbeam has the edge of a knife, movable blade is held by movable blade bearing drive and is driven elevating movement in order up and down, single-chip microcomputer connects movable blade bearing drive and display screen.
This routine principle of work: it is exactly the fulcrum of crossbeam 2 that movable blade is held 3 the knife edge, holds support crossbeam 2 by the movable blade of diverse location, has changed exactly the position of fulcrum and has changed the ratio (having changed arm ratio) of left and right arms.So just can, in the situation that counterweight is constant, weigh the object of Different Weight grade.According to lever principle, be added in the upper pulling force on electromagnetism counterweight, the weight equaling on hanging scaffold 1 is multiplied by arm than (ignoring the deadweight of each parts).Arm ratio can be greater than 1, also can be less than 1.For example arm than can accomplish N doubly be greater than 1, or N/mono-times be less than 1.That is to say the maximum capacity scope that the present invention can N doubly amplifies or N/mono-times dwindles electromagnetism counterweight.Make balance in the situation that need not changing counterweight, realize on a large scale weighs simultaneously.The gravity (pulling force) that electromagnetism counterweight produces is different with physics Weight gravity.It can change from 0 to X, and is proportional to by the electric current of solenoid 11, and this is a bump of electromagnetism counterweight; Is different arm ratios realized in the position that how to change fulcrum? the present invention has adopted multiple movable blade to hold 3 for this reason, and the technical scheme that drives movable blade to hold 3 support crossbeams 2 with movable blade bearing drive.Concrete way is to hold the diverse location of 3 lineal layouts at crossbeam 2 by multiple movable blade, holds 3 positions of carrying out support crossbeam 2 and just can change crossbeam 2 fulcrums by different movable blade, realizes different arm ratios.The course of work of the present invention is: in the time that user opens the power switch of balance, first be monolithic processor resetting.After the normal work of single-chip microcomputer, whether pass through Hall element detected activity cutter bearing drive in reset armed state.Complete after reset at single-chip microcomputer and movable blade bearing drive, balance just can enter normal duty.At this moment user can put hanging scaffold 1 into object to be claimed, then presses the switch of weighing, and single-chip microcomputer carries out by blas the instruction of weighing.Because prior balance is not known the weight of object to be claimed, so balance will try to weigh the weight of object with minimum weighing setting.Rising the movable blade that approaches electromagnetism counterweight most holds 3 and carrys out support crossbeam 2.Then, single-chip microcomputer starts little by little to strengthen the electric current by electromagnetism counterweight, is equivalent to little by little strengthen the weight of counterweight.When weighed object is during much larger than the weighing value of Set For Current, electromagnetism counterweight is increased to maximum can not make the attitude of crossbeam become horizontality.In this case, single-chip microcomputer is changed next movable blade according to blas to the direction of hanging scaffold 1 and is held 3, changes arm than also constantly repeating this process.Until electromagnetism counterweight is added to while approaching maximal value, crossbeam is Reversion Level state just.Till inductive switch 13 issues a signal to single-chip microcomputer.Single-chip microcomputer one is received after the signal that inductive switch transmits, and freezes immediately the electric current of solenoid 11.At this moment the weight of weighed object just equals the current magnitude of current of solenoid corresponding " the simulation weight of electromagnetism counterweight " and is multiplied by arm ratio.Due to hanging scaffold cutter peak to movable blade hold 3 the peak-to-peak distance of cutter, each movable blade distance, the movable blade between holding hold cutter peak to pulling force sensor cutter peak apart from etc. be all predefined.In other words, rising different movable blade holds and just has fixing arm ratio.Single-chip microcomputer than the weight that calculates weighed object, shows report user by display screen according to current arm.
example 2:compared with the actuated by cams formula movable blade bearing drive of a upper example, it is not cam that this routine difference is to drive movable blade to hold 3 mechanism, but screw rod and motor.Motor screw drive-type movable blade bearing drive mainly comprises travel switch, screw rod, motor, electric machine controller etc., its structure is as follows: multiple movable blade are installed on support 6 and hold 3, travel switch is housed on support 6 and holds 3 duty (rise support crossbeam 2 or fall and deactivate) for detection of movable blade.Travel switch connects single-chip microcomputer, and movable blade is held 3 lower end and is processed with internal thread, and movable blade is held 3 and linked together by internal thread and screw flight.Motor drive screw turns.Motor connects electric machine controller, and electric machine controller connects single-chip microcomputer.The principle of work of motor screw drive-type movable blade bearing drive is: each movable blade is held 3 and driven by a motor, simultaneously on support 6, corresponding each movable blade is held on 3 position travel switch is housed, and holds 3 duty for detection of movable blade.In the time connecting the power supply of balance, monolithic processor resetting enters after normal operating conditions.And then single-chip microcomputer detected activity cutter holds 3 status information.It is that all movable blade are held 3 and are all in the standby position of below that movable blade is held 3 reset mode, does not at this moment have movable blade to hold independent support crossbeam 2.In testing process, hold 3 not when reset mode (not below) when there being movable blade, being contained in this movable blade on support 6 holds 3 travel switch signal is dealt into single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer will send instruction to driving this movable blade to hold 3 electric machine controller, controls this motor and drives this movable blade to hold 3 to return to reset mode.Hold after 3 resets in all movable blade, the motor that single-chip microcomputer can be different by different motor controller controls, drives different movable blade to hold the task of 3 rise support crossbeams 2, realizes the instruction of pressing single-chip microcomputer, drives different movable blade to hold 3 targets of executing the task.
Remaining is all basic identical except movable blade bearing drive difference for this routine structure.Its course of work is: when user opens the power switch of balance, single-chip microcomputer and movable blade are held after 3 resets, and balance just can enter normal duty.At this moment user can put hanging scaffold 1 into object to be claimed, then presses the switch of weighing, and single-chip microcomputer carries out by blas the instruction of weighing.Because prior balance is not known the weight of object to be claimed, so balance will weigh the weight of current object with minimum weighing setting.Rising the movable blade that approaches electromagnetism counterweight most holds 3 and carrys out support crossbeam 2.When weighed object is during much larger than the weighing of Set For Current, electromagnetism counterweight is increased to maximum can not make the attitude of crossbeam become horizontality.In this case, single-chip microcomputer is changed next movable blade according to blas to the direction of hanging scaffold 1 and is held 3, changes arm than also constantly repeating this process.Until electromagnetism counterweight is added to while approaching maximal value, crossbeam is Reversion Level state just.Till inductive switch 13 issues a signal to single-chip microcomputer.Single-chip microcomputer one is received after the signal that inductive switch transmits, and freezes immediately the electric current of solenoid 11.At this moment the weight of weighed object just equals the current magnitude of current of solenoid corresponding " the simulation weight of electromagnetism counterweight " and is multiplied by arm ratio.Due to hanging scaffold cutter peak to movable blade hold 3 the peak-to-peak distance of cutter, each movable blade distance, the movable blade between holding hold cutter peak to pulling force sensor cutter peak apart from etc. be all predefined.In other words, rising different movable blade holds and just has fixing arm ratio.Single-chip microcomputer than the weight that calculates weighed object, shows report user by display screen according to current arm.