CN104197834A - Non-contact complex surface cone volume measurement system and method - Google Patents
Non-contact complex surface cone volume measurement system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104197834A CN104197834A CN201410446494.6A CN201410446494A CN104197834A CN 104197834 A CN104197834 A CN 104197834A CN 201410446494 A CN201410446494 A CN 201410446494A CN 104197834 A CN104197834 A CN 104197834A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-contact complex surface cone volume measurement system and method. The method includes the steps: firstly, providing three linear lasers to form a light sectioning plane and marking the contour of the section of a cone to be measured; secondly, providing a vertical lifter, moving the light sectioning plane relative to the cone to be measured; thirdly, providing a black and white camera for acquiring images and transmitting acquired image information to a computer for processing the image information to finally obtain the volume and a three-dimensional diagram of the cone to be measured. The measuring system and the method are simple and practicable, high in scanning speed and precision and low in requirement for the cone and environments and low in system cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of contactless volume measuring system and method based on line-structured light scanner uni image processing algorithm, be applied to the non-contact measurement of complex surface cone volume.
Background technology
Three-D volumes measuring technique has the effect of can not ignore in a lot of fields, and in the department such as commercial production, scientific research, the complex surface cone that often has similar circular cone or pyramid requires fast and accurately to measure its volume and reconstruct three-dimensional plot.The cubing of traditional means has drainage, three-dimensional coordinates measurement method etc.
What tradition was most widely used in cubing is drainage, and it utilizes Archimedes principle, is dipped in the suffered buoyancy of object in liquid and equals the weight of the liquid that this object arranges,
.When measurement volumes, except measuring the suffered buoyancy of object, also need to know that current environment air pressure, temperature, latitude etc. just can determine fluid density, acceleration of gravity.Utilize drainage to measure object volume object is had to certain requirement, for example: object density need to be greater than the density of water, there is not physical reaction in object and water, and object does not absorb water etc.This just makes drainage measurement volumes have significant limitation.
Three-dimensional coordinates measurement technology utilizes cartesian coordinate system to carry out three-dimensional coordinates measurement to body surface, the body surface three-dimensional information of acquisition, thus obtain object volume.The method precision is high, but this measuring technique exists that ergometry, measuring speed are slow, the compensation of gauge head radius, can not measure the limitation such as elasticity or hard brittle material, is therefore difficult to meet the requirement of fast and accurately measuring complex surface object volume.
In modern surveying technology, non-contact measuring technology is mainly based on means such as ultrasound wave, laser triangulation, nuclear magnetic resonant, industry CT at present, and these technology adopt magnanimity " some cloud " data to carry out the three-dimensional reduction of complex surface cone mostly, then it is carried out to volume calculating.Although these modes have not had the limitation of some contact measurements, there is the shortcomings such as data volume is huge, ambient lighting impact is large, high to ambient temperature and humidity requirement, algorithm is complicated, installation cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that current volume measurement techniques exists, a kind of measuring system and method without obtaining three-dimensional coordinate and can obtain complex surface cone volume proposed, cut principle according to line-structured light light, collect light, mechanical, electrical, calculate integrated design, sweep velocity is fast, precision is high, and system equipment composition is simple and cost is low.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of contactless complex surface cone volume measuring system, it is characterized in that: comprise a computing machine and a base; Base is provided with a vertical lifting device, and described vertical lifting device is provided with an objective table and can realizes the vertical lifting of described objective table; On described base, be also provided with for making cone to be measured on objective table form the laser line generator in light section; On described base, be also provided with a camera guide rail, a black and white camera that can slide along camera guide rail is set on described camera guide rail, the summit of cone to be measured can be projected on facies basialis pyramidis to be measured along black and white camera shooting direction; Vertical lifting device and described black and white camera described in the control of described calculating function.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described laser line generator has three, is positioned at around objective table, is a triangular shape and arranges.
In the embodiment of the present invention, each laser line generator is positioned on a laser instrument support column.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described vertical lifting device comprises vertical screw mandrel and a stepper motor, and described stepper motor is by rising or falling speed and the height of objective table described in described vertical screw mandrel control.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described camera guide rail is arc-shaped guide rail, and described camera guide rail one end connects base, other end vertical connecting lifter top.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described stepper motor is connected with computing machine by serial ports, by the running of computer-controlled stepper motor.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described black and white camera is connected with computing machine by serial ports, by the shooting of computer control black and white camera.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described black and white camera is connected with computing machine by data transmission interface, realizes the data transmission of black and white camera and intercomputer.
The present invention also provides a kind of contactless complex surface cone volume measuring method, comprises the steps:
S1: the laser line generator of at least three different angles is provided, is positioned at around cone to be measured, form light section, light section normal and horizontal plane angle are
, cone apex to be measured can be projected on facies basialis pyramidis to be measured along light section normal direction, form a bright closed contour light belt on cone to be measured surface;
S2: an objective table, vertically screw mandrel and stepper motor are provided, described stepper motor by the cone to be measured on vertical screw mandrel drive objective table vertically with at the uniform velocity
decline, light section is at the uniform velocity moved by bottom to top with respect to cone to be measured, is equivalent to every a set time
light section is an inswept stage body,
for the acquisition interval time, by regulating the acquisition interval time
cone to be measured " is cut " as many contour thin stage bodies;
S3: a black and white camera is provided, take direction identical with light section normal direction, light section relative to cone to be measured at the uniform velocity move while, described black and white camera at interval of
time gathers an image, records cone to be measured do not share the same light cross section profile size and the shape at section place, and by the image collecting, acquisition interval time
and image number P data are sent to a computing machine;
Described computing machine receives after described data, comprises following treatment step:
S4: reading images number P, every image is carried out to binary conversion treatment, after filtering, carry out skeletal extraction, thereby draw the closed contour in the cross section, section place of not sharing the same light, described closed contour is carried out to pixel filling, obtain filling the required pixel number in cross section, the scale-up factor M that uses system calibration to obtain tries to achieve the real area in corresponding cross section, place, i light section:
,
for filling the pixel number in cross section, place, i light section, the value of subscript i is 1 ~ P;
S5: read the acquisition interval time
, objective table decline rate
with light section normal and horizontal plane angle
, calculate the difference in height of adjacent two contour images
, the form matching by two adjacent cross sections with stage body, obtains the volume of each thin stage body
, subscript
value be 1 ~ (P-1), by the stack of suing for peace of each stage body, and then obtain cone volume to be measured
, by the outline line extracting along light section normal direction with
for intervening sequences is arranged, and clearance space is carried out to interpolation filling, smoothing processing, reconstruct cone three-dimensional model to be measured.
In embodiments of the present invention, the described acquisition interval time
definite method be: along light section normal direction, with a laser from cone apex to be measured downwards with at the uniform velocity
scanning, record is the sweep time when just departing from cone to be measured from summit
, scan total distance
, set P the cycle of decline, speed when decline is
, the acquisition interval time is
.
Compared to prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) invent simple in structurely, cost is low;
(2) image is processed simply, without carrying out volume calculating by the three-dimensional of calculating magnanimity;
(3) because black and white camera is to bright dark sensitivity, thus can both can reduce the impact of surround lighting on measuring system by reducing aperture, background blacking around, low with respect to mode environmental requirements such as grating projects.
(4) complex surface cone calculation method of physical volume is derived from Differential Integral Thought, with stage body form layering " section ", calculates simply, and fitting degree is high;
(5) thinking is simple, is easy to promote.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is hardware system structure figure of the present invention, and wherein 1 is laser instrument support column, can regulate height and the angle of three laser line generators 2; 3 is objective table, can realize lifting of object loading table by screw mandrel 4 and stepper motor 5; Stepper motor 5 can be by computer control rising or falling speed and height by serial ports; Black and white camera 6 is installed on arc guide rail 7, and by regulating the screw tightness at camera two ends can realize that black and white camera 6 slides on guide rail and fix, and camera can be connected to computing machine by USB 2.0 interfaces or other data transmission interfaces and carries out data transmission.
Fig. 2 is conic section silhouette markup system schematic, and three laser line generators 2 form the light section of 360 ° and irradiate cone 8 to be measured, can form a bright light belt 9 on cone to be measured 8 surfaces.
Fig. 3 is the light belt figure that acquisition system collects, and in figure, the difference of light and shade region obviously, regulates threshold value can retain light belt, filtering useless information.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view obtaining after image is processed.
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram that computing machine is processed the information gathering.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is specifically described.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of contactless complex surface cone volume measuring system, and hardware as shown in Figure 1, comprises a base, and base is provided with a vertical lifting device, and vertical lifting device is provided with an objective table 3 and can realizes the lifting of objective table 3; On base, be also provided with for making cone to be measured on objective table 3 form the laser line generator 2 in light section; On base, be also provided with a camera guide rail 7, a black and white camera 6 is set on described camera guide rail 7, described black and white camera 6 can slide along camera guide rail 7.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, described black and white camera 6 can realize that black and white camera 6 slides on guide rail 7 and fixing by the adjusting screw degree of tightness at camera two ends, to determine shooting angle, make cone apex to be measured take direction along black and white camera and can be projected in facies basialis pyramidis to be measured, doing is like this conic section outline line closure each to be measured in order to make to take.Described laser line generator 2 has three, and optical maser wavelength is 650 nm, and power 10 mW, are positioned at around objective table 3, is a triangular shape and arranges.When place cone 8 to be measured on objective table 3 time, as shown in Figure 2, three laser line generators 2 form the light section of 360 ° and irradiate cone 8 to be measured, and this light section is parallel with the camera plane of black and white camera 6, forms a bright light belt 9 on cone to be measured 8 surfaces.Each laser line generator 2 is positioned on a laser instrument support column 1, described laser instrument support column 1 has a cylindrical bar, be provided with laser instrument set collar above, it is interior and rotatable and up and down that cylindrical bar is nested in hollow cylinder, hollow cylinder is provided with a screwing screw, for locking the height of cylindrical bar, therefore, be height and the irradiating angle of adjustable laser line generator 2 by regulating laser instrument support column 1.Described vertical lifting device comprises vertical screw mandrel 4 and a stepper motor 5.The running of control step motor 5, drives vertical screw mandrel 4 to rotate, and realizes the vertical lifting of objective table 3, thereby indirectly controls rising or falling speed and the height of cone 8 to be measured on objective table 3.Described camera guide rail 7 is arc-shaped guide rail, and camera guide rail 7 one end connect base, other end vertical connecting lifter top.Described black and white camera 6 has the serial ports for being connected with a computing machine, can control shooting process by computing machine.Described black and white camera 6 also has for carrying out the interface of data transmission with a computing machine.
Except hardware unit, measuring system also comprises a computing machine.Described computing machine is connected with stepper motor 5 by serial ports, thereby stepper motor 5 is sent to the running of instruction control step motor 5, and stepper motor 5 drives the vertically uniform descent of cone to be measured 8 on objective table 3 by vertical screw mandrel 4.Described computing machine is connected with black and white camera 6 by serial ports, controls black and white camera 6 in objective table 3 uniform descents, at interval of an image of set time collection.Described black and white camera 6 is processed the image transmission of collection to described computing machine and calculate by the interface USB 2.0 of data transmission with described intercomputer.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, also provide a kind of contactless complex surface cone volume measuring method, comprise the steps,
S1: the laser line generator of at least three different angles is provided, is positioned at around cone to be measured, form light section, light section normal and horizontal plane angle are
, cone apex to be measured can be projected on facies basialis pyramidis to be measured along light section normal direction, form a bright closed contour light belt on cone to be measured surface;
S2: an objective table, vertically screw mandrel and stepper motor are provided, described stepper motor by the cone to be measured on vertical screw mandrel drive objective table vertically with at the uniform velocity
decline, light section is at the uniform velocity moved by bottom to top with respect to cone to be measured, is equivalent to every a set time
light section is an inswept stage body,
for the acquisition interval time, by regulating the acquisition interval time
cone to be measured " is cut " as many contour thin stage bodies;
S3: a black and white camera is provided, take direction identical with light section normal direction, light section relative to cone to be measured at the uniform velocity move while, described black and white camera at interval of
time gathers an image, record cone to be measured do not share the same light cross section profile size and the shape at section place, Fig. 3 has shown a certain smooth section of the irregular cone place cross section profile light belt image collecting, and the image collecting, acquisition interval time and image number P data are sent to a computing machine by described black and white camera;
Described computing machine receives after described data, comprises following treatment step:
S4: reading images number P, every image is carried out to binary conversion treatment, after filtering, carry out skeletal extraction, thereby draw the closed contour in the cross section, section place of not sharing the same light, described closed contour is carried out to pixel filling, obtain filling the required pixel number in cross section, the scale-up factor M that uses system calibration to obtain tries to achieve the real area in corresponding cross section, place, i light section:
,
for filling the pixel number in cross section, place, i light section, the value of subscript i is 1 ~ P, and Fig. 4 has shown the sectional view that Fig. 3 obtains after pixel filling;
S5: read the acquisition interval time
, objective table decline rate
with light section normal and horizontal plane angle
, calculate the difference in height of adjacent two contour images
, the form matching by two adjacent cross sections with stage body, obtains the volume of each thin stage body
, subscript
value be 1 ~ (P-1), by the stack of suing for peace of each stage body, and then obtain cone volume to be measured
, by the outline line extracting along light section normal direction with
for intervening sequences is arranged, and clearance space is carried out to interpolation filling, smoothing processing, reconstruct cone three-dimensional model to be measured.
The particular flow sheet that appliance computer is processed the information gathering as shown in Figure 5.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the described acquisition interval time
definite method be: along light section normal direction, with a laser from cone apex to be measured downwards with at the uniform velocity
scanning, record is the sweep time when just departing from cone to be measured from summit
, scan total distance
, set P the cycle of decline, speed when decline is
, the acquisition interval time is
.
Make six kinds of different complex surface cones as shown in table 1 with the plasticine of different volumes, obtain this difference complex surface cone volumetric data by measuring system of the present invention and measuring method, from table, can see, measurement result and actual volume error are very little, be no more than 2%, show that measuring system of the present invention and method are measured complex surface cone result accurate, reliable.
The different complex surface cone of table 1 cubing result:
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and achievement are elaborated; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a contactless complex surface cone volume measuring system, is characterized in that: comprise a computing machine and a base;
Described base is provided with a vertical lifting device, and described vertical lifting device is provided with an objective table and can realizes the vertical lifting of described objective table;
On described base, be also provided with for making cone to be measured on objective table form the laser line generator in light section;
On described base, be also provided with a camera guide rail, a black and white camera that can slide along camera guide rail is set on described camera guide rail, the summit of cone to be measured can be projected on facies basialis pyramidis to be measured along black and white camera shooting direction;
Vertical lifting device and described black and white camera described in the control of described calculating function.
2. the contactless complex surface cone of one according to claim 1 volume measuring system, is characterized in that: described laser line generator has three, is positioned at around described objective table, is a triangular shape and arranges.
3. the contactless complex surface cone of one according to claim 1 volume measuring system, is characterized in that: each laser line generator is positioned on a laser instrument support column.
4. the contactless complex surface cone of one according to claim 1 volume measuring system, it is characterized in that: described vertical lifting device comprises vertical screw mandrel and a stepper motor, described stepper motor is by rising or falling speed and the height of objective table described in described vertical screw mandrel control.
5. the contactless complex surface cone of one according to claim 1 volume measuring system, is characterized in that: described camera guide rail is arc-shaped guide rail, and described camera guide rail one end connects described base, and the other end connects described vertical lifting device top.
6. the contactless complex surface cone of one according to claim 1 volume measuring system, is characterized in that: described stepper motor is connected with computing machine by serial ports, by the running of computer-controlled stepper motor.
7. the contactless complex surface cone of one according to claim 1 volume measuring system, is characterized in that: described black and white camera is connected with described computing machine by serial ports, by the shooting of described computer control black and white camera.
8. the contactless complex surface cone of one according to claim 1 volume measuring system, is characterized in that: described black and white camera is connected with described computing machine by data transmission interface, realizes the data transmission of described black and white camera and described intercomputer.
9. a contactless complex surface cone volume measuring method, is characterized in that: comprises the steps,
S1: the laser line generator of at least three different angles is provided, is positioned at around cone to be measured, form light section, light section normal and horizontal plane angle are
, cone apex to be measured can be projected on facies basialis pyramidis to be measured along light section normal direction, form a bright closed contour light belt on cone to be measured surface;
S2: an objective table, vertically screw mandrel and stepper motor are provided, described stepper motor by the cone to be measured on vertical screw mandrel drive objective table vertically with at the uniform velocity
decline, light section is at the uniform velocity moved by bottom to top with respect to cone to be measured, is equivalent to every a set time
light section is an inswept stage body,
for the acquisition interval time, by regulating the acquisition interval time
cone to be measured " is cut " as many contour thin stage bodies;
S3: a black and white camera is provided, take direction identical with light section normal direction, light section relative to cone to be measured at the uniform velocity move while, described black and white camera at interval of
time gathers an image, records cone to be measured do not share the same light cross section profile size and the shape at section place, and by the image collecting, acquisition interval time
and image number P data are sent to a computing machine;
Described computing machine receives after described data, comprises following treatment step:
S4: reading images number P, every image is carried out to binary conversion treatment, after filtering, carry out skeletal extraction, thereby draw the closed contour in the cross section, section place of not sharing the same light, described closed contour is carried out to pixel filling, obtain filling the required pixel number in cross section, the scale-up factor M that uses system calibration to obtain tries to achieve the real area in corresponding cross section, place, i light section:
,
for filling the pixel number in cross section, place, i light section, the value of subscript i is 1 ~ P;
S5: read the acquisition interval time
, objective table decline rate
with light section normal and horizontal plane angle
, calculate the difference in height of adjacent two contour images
, the form matching by two adjacent cross sections with stage body, obtains the volume of each thin stage body
, subscript
value be 1 ~ (P-1), by the stack of suing for peace of each stage body, and then obtain cone volume to be measured
, by the outline line extracting along light section normal direction with
for intervening sequences is arranged, and clearance space is carried out to interpolation filling, smoothing processing, reconstruct cone three-dimensional model to be measured.
10. the contactless complex surface cone of one according to claim 9 volume measuring method, is characterized in that: the described acquisition interval time
definite method be: along light section normal direction, with a laser from cone apex to be measured downwards with at the uniform velocity
scanning, record is the sweep time when just departing from cone to be measured from summit
, scan total distance
, set P the cycle of decline, speed when decline is
, the acquisition interval time is
.
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| CN201410446494.6A CN104197834A (en) | 2014-09-04 | 2014-09-04 | Non-contact complex surface cone volume measurement system and method |
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ID=52083162
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| CN111442814A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-07-24 | 武汉市异方体科技有限公司 | Device for non-contact measurement of drainage volume of special-shaped object |
| CN111442814B (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2022-01-18 | 武汉市异方体科技有限公司 | Device for non-contact measurement of drainage volume of special-shaped object |
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Application publication date: 20141210 |
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