The method of carbon V steel obdurability in raising
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of a kind of middle carbon V steel, carbon V steel in improving particularly to one
The method of obdurability, belongs to iron and steel processing technique field.
Background technology
Middle carbon V (vanadium) steel refers mainly to 35MnV, 40CrV, 50CrVA, 40MnVB, SAE6140
The steel grade such as (ASTM A355 standard), EN51CrV4 (EN10083/1 standard), is used for system
Making auto parts, mechanical component, spring, instrument etc., application widely, is characterized in:
1. in steel C content 0.32~0.65%;2. in steel, V content, 0.10~0.30%, is particularly concentrated on
0.10~0.20%;3. be both needed to quench before steel application, temper processes, thus to steel obdurability
Require the tightest.
The obdurability of these steel grades is mainly the admittedly molten strengthening of closing gold element, aging precipitation strengthening, group
Knit what the means such as strengthening realized, increase intensity particularly as follows: add a number of alloying element, add
Enter V to carry out thin brilliant Strengthening and Toughening, material is carried out Technology for Heating Processing etc..These measures can improve really
The toughness and tenacity of steel, but it is respectively arranged with pluses and minuses, in practical steel, often will be by these intensifying methods
It is combined with each other and can be only achieved desired properties, inevitably increase in steel production process
Originally, operation and the time of delivery.
V is that reinforced ferrite encloses one of formation element, it and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen with γ phase
(O) there is extremely strong affinity, form the most stable compound therewith (such as V4C3、
VN、V2O3Deng), the main tissue refining steel and crystal grain in steel, reduce the superheated susceptivity of steel,
Improve intensity and the toughness of steel.In steel, C content is 0.35~0.65%, and V element becomes V with C-shaped4C3
Compound, this compound is the most stable, the most at high temperature could dissolve in austenite lentamente,
Though therefore V4C3 energy crystal grain thinning, but owing to its particle size is big, reducing the toughness of steel on the contrary.Cause
And the content (V≤0.50%) of middle carbon V steel V to be controlled.
N forms stable compound in steel with Al, Ti, V, Fe etc., and to play solution strengthening, timeliness strong
The effects such as change, but due to Fe4The precipitation of N, causes the phenomenon such as timeliness and blue shortness, content super many time easy
Form the defect such as bubble, loose, crackle.Nitrogen typically with furnace charge enter and smelting process in molten steel from
Extraneous absorption, non-artificial autotelic addition, converter steel [N]: 30~50ppm, electric steel [N]:
50~70ppm ([N] represents N concentrations by weight in steel).
At present, VN has been utilized to improve the document of character of steel, such as " containing VN, TiN powder body
Rich chromium cast iron, this cast iron preparation method and wearing piece " (patent No.: 201110137773) utilization
The forming core core that VN powder body solidifies as rich chromium cast iron molten metal matrix and carbide, improves foundry goods
Wearability, rise invigoration effect." the production of the VN reinforcing bar of a kind of yield strength 400MPa level
Method " (patent No.: 201110151235) will add VN16 alloy load normal quality carbon
It is placed in ladle in the container that element structural steel makes and after sealing, makes VN16 alloy recovery carry
Height, the stable mechanical property performance of VN reinforcing bar is more preferable, and product surface quality is improved.And " VN
Alloy application in non-hardened and tempered steel " (Lu Xiangyang etc., " steel vanadium titanium ", 03 phase in 2000)
Article mainly have studied: the application in F35MnVN steel of the VN alloy, and to vanadium, the work of nitrogen
Studied with molten steel increasing method for nitrogen.But these documents are all to utilize the VN alloy added,
By metallic atom displacement reach solution strengthening so that add a number of containing V alloy,
Or VN alloy.Due to high containing V alloy or VN alloy price, therefore existing put by V atom
Changing the production technology cost height reaching solution strengthening, the market competitiveness is weak.Still further aspect, in steel
After V content increases, particularly V in steel4C3When quantity increases, particle size increases, can drop on the contrary
The toughness of low steel.
The inventive method then use reduction V content, increase N content, and in the operation of rolling
VN separates out peak temperature section and keeps certain time, makes VN precipitated phase quantity many and its particle size
Little, thus strengthen intensity and the toughness of steel, i.e. utilize precipitation strength, reduce middle carbon V steel
While production cost, improve the obdurability of steel.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of carbon V steel obdurability in raising, with by control
The obdurability of carbon V steel during the content of V and N and VN particle size improve in steel processed, reduces raw
Produce cost, reduce subsequent heat treatment operation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention uses control " V, N content+VN precipitated phase chi in steel
Very little, quantity " new technology, i.e. by V, N element content, heating steel billet in carbon V steel in controlling
The technical matters such as VN precipitated phase particle size and quantity in rolling, round steel, thus in reaching to improve
The obdurability of carbon V steel.
Specifically include following steps:
1), when smelting, add N element, i.e. in refining process, be blown into N to molten steel2Gas, and control
In steel processed, N content scope is at [N] 0.0070%~0.0120%, makes C in steel, V element content simultaneously
Scope control exists: [C] 0.35%~0.65%, [V] 0.10%~0.30%;Wherein [C], [V] and [N] point
Do not represent C, V and N weight percent concentration in steel;
2) heat the continuous casting billet obtained after smelting and be incubated 1100~1200 DEG C of scopes
30~75min, make the VN compound back dissolving of crystalline state in austenite, be rolled into round steel subsequently;
3) it is incubated 1.0~2.0min at 850 DEG C ± 20 DEG C maximum peak ranges that separate out, makes VN granule
A large amount of precipitations;
4) controlling round steel rate of cooling subsequently is 0.7~0.95 DEG C/s, makes more than 80% VN analysis in steel
Go out phase particle size in 20~100nm scopes, obtain the middle carbon V steel that obdurability improves.
Improve further, described step 1) in, by [V] scope control in steel 0.10%~0.20%;
Described step 2) in, by heating and temperature control at 1140 DEG C~1190 DEG C, it is incubated 30~55min.
Further improve, described step 1) in, V, N element content range in steel are controlled
For [V]: 0.10%~0.15%, [N]: 0.0070%~0.0095%;Or [V]: 0.16%~0.20%,
[N]: 0.0096%~0.0120%.
Further improve, described step 3) in, round steel temperature retention time is controlled 1.2~1.8min.
In the present invention, owing to N element, V element and the two VN compound formed have respectively
Have and act on as follows:
N element atomic weight 14, atomic radius 0.8 × 10-10M (O atom radius 0.66 × 10-10M,
N is more slightly larger than O atom), in steel, form stable compound with the element such as Al, Ti, V, increase steel
Intensity (solution strengthening, ageing strengthening).But in steel, N content can not be the highest, the most easily occurs
Various defects and bulk hard band corner angle nitride inclusion.
V element atomic weight 51, major part all exists in steel with solid solution, O in remaining and steel, N,
The elements such as C form compound, wherein there are about V Yu the N formation VN compound of 10~20%.As
In steel [V]: 0.10%, the atom N (27~55ppm) with 0.0027~0.0055% is formed VN
Compound.
The VN compound particle size crystallizing production in steel billet is very big, along with heating steel billet heats up
To 1100~1200 DEG C, in VN back dissolving to austenite.When in the operation of rolling and cooling down subsequently, VN
Starting to separate out austenite from 1100 DEG C, the VN phase amounts of particles now separated out is few, diameter big,
Until 650 DEG C still have precipitation in ferrite.Whole precipitation process reduces along with round steel temperature,
Precipitate size is more and more less;Reduce with temperature, precipitation amounts of particles: first less → increase again → reach
To maximum quantity → gradually decrease → stop.Because VN precipitation rate, particle size are relevant with temperature,
Technique takes measures, controls more than 80% VN precipitated phase particle size at 20~100nm models
Enclose, so that it may improve steel obdurability.This is because: such tiny precipitated phase itself brings precipitation strong
Change big;Secondly, the little granule pinning crystal boundary of Dispersed precipitate, stop dislocation movement by slip, improve steel tough
Property;The most tiny precipitated phase makes crystal grain refine, and again improves the obdurability of steel.
Therefore, the present invention has a following beneficial effect:
1) by the application N element impact on steel performance different aspect, trace element one-tenth is carried out
Point System Design, it is not necessary to transform any production equipment, without existing production technology is made Important Adjustment,
Yield strength Rel of middle carbon V steel can be improved 80~170MPa, the most also can improve prolonging of steel
Stretch performance and fracture toughness, elongation after fracture (elongation percentage) A improve 3~5%, ballistic work Aku2
Improve 10~50J.
2) N element is added as alloying element by the present invention, and specify that corresponding N element contains
Weight range, provides basis for middle carbon V-N composition of steel standard formulation from now on.
3) the middle carbon V steel of the present invention is compared with carbon V steel such as 50CrV steel in routine, increase only
N element content, by controlling VN precipitate size quantity in steel, improve the obdurability of steel,
Decrease heat treatment step, reduce cost for this materials'use of downstream, both save the energy, protection
Environment, the cost performance that improve again product and the market competitiveness.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
First, when electric furnace smelting, add N element, make steel in the present embodiment (be designated as invention steel
A) main component controls: [C]: 0.33%, [Si]: 0.38%, [Mn]: 1.17%, [V]:
0.10%, [N]: 0.0091%, remaining is ferrum and impurity.The interpolation of N element can be by as follows
Method realizes: be hinged with N in refining furnace steel ladle bottom argon blowing (Ar) feed channel2Air valve, in refine
During be blown into N to molten steel2Gas.
Secondly, the continuous casting billet size of electric furnace smelting: 200 × 200mm, the heating-up temperature of strand
1170~1195 DEG C of scope insulation 55min, roll Φ 55mm round steel.
Utilize rolling raceway sealing state, make rolled piece be detained 1.5min 860~868 DEG C of scopes, make
VN separates out in a large number.
Cold through cold bed control, rate of cooling: 0.82 DEG C/s, enter after bundling and cheat slow cooling, in steel, VN separates out
Phase size accounts for total precipitation granule 82.5% at 20~100nm granules.
Invention steel A object performance is: Rm:918MPa, Rel:685MPa, A:28%, Z:
54%, Aku2: 137J.
The steel grade 35MnV of the prior art of corresponding invention steel A, it is mainly composed of: [C]:
0.34%, [Si]: 0.39%, [Mn]: 1.15%, [V]: 0.10%, [N]: 0.0057% (
Electric furnace smelting), remaining is ferrum and impurity.
This 35MnV steel object performance is: Rm:789MPa, Rel:545MPa, A:23
%, Z:50%, Aku2: 98J.
Embodiment 2
First, when converter smelting, add N element, make steel in the present embodiment (be designated as invention steel
B) main component controls: [C]: 0.40%, [Si]: 0.23%, [Mn]: 0.71%, [V]:
0.20%, [N]: 0.0097%, remaining is ferrum and impurity.The interpolation of N element can be by as follows
Method realizes: be hinged with N in refining furnace steel ladle bottom argon blowing (Ar) feed channel2Air valve, in refine
During be blown into N to molten steel2Gas.
Secondly, the continuous casting billet size of converter smelting: 150 × 150mm, the heating-up temperature of strand
1105~1125 DEG C of scope insulation 35min, roll Φ 25mm round steel.
Utilize rolling raceway sealing state, make rolled piece be detained 1.8min 830~839 DEG C of scopes, make
VN separates out in a large number.
Cold through cold bed control, rate of cooling: 0.95 DEG C/s, enter after bundling and cheat slow cooling, in steel, VN separates out
Phase size accounts for total precipitation granule 94% at 20~100nm granules.
Invention steel B performance is: Rm:1081MPa, Rel:935MPa, A:19%, Z:
64%, Aku2: 122J.
The steel grade SAE6140 of the prior art of corresponding invention steel B, it is mainly composed of: [C]:
0.40%, [Si]: 0.27%, [Mn]: 0.75%, [V]: 0.20%, [N]: 0.0032% (
Converter smelting), remaining is ferrum and impurity.
This SAE6140 Steel Properties is: Rm:938MPa, Rel:765MPa, A:14%,
Z:58%, Aku2: 72J.
Embodiment 3
First, when electric furnace smelting, add N element, make steel in the present embodiment (be designated as invention steel
C) main component controls: [C]: 0.50%, [Si]: 0.25%, [Mn]: 0.62%, [V]:
0.16%, [N]: 0.0120%, remaining is ferrum and impurity.The interpolation of N element can be by as follows
Method realizes: be hinged with N in refining furnace steel ladle bottom argon blowing (Ar) feed channel2Air valve, in refine
During be blown into N to molten steel2Gas.
Secondly, the continuous casting billet size of electric furnace smelting: 240 × 240mm, the heating-up temperature of strand
1170~1195 DEG C of scope insulation 75min, roll Φ 70mm round steel.
Utilize rolling raceway sealing state, make rolled piece be detained 1.2min 845~855 DEG C of scopes, make
VN separates out in a large number.
Cold through cold bed control, rate of cooling: 0.70 DEG C/s, enter after bundling and cheat slow cooling, in steel, VN separates out
Phase size accounts for total precipitation granule 80% at 20~100nm granules.
Invention steel C performance (after quenched) is: Rm:1382MPa, Rel:1245MPa, A:
15%, Z:55%, Aku2: 130J.
The steel grade 50CrVA of the prior art of corresponding invention steel C, it is mainly composed of: [C]:
0.50%, [Si]: 0.30%, [Mn]: 0.60%, [V]: 0.16%, [N]: 0.0070% (
Electric furnace smelting), remaining is ferrum and impurity.
This 50CrVA Steel Properties (after quenched) is: Rm:1305MPa, Rel:1165MPa,
A:12%, Z:50%, Aku2: 119J.
Embodiment 4
First, when converter smelting, add N element, make steel in the present embodiment (be designated as invention steel
D) main component controls: [C]: 0.63%, [Si]: 0.20%, [Mn]: 0.77%, [V]:
0.15%, [N]: 0.0070%, remaining is ferrum and impurity.The interpolation of N element can be by as follows
Method realizes: be hinged with N in refining furnace steel ladle bottom argon blowing (Ar) feed channel2Air valve, in refine
During be blown into N to molten steel2Gas.
Secondly, the continuous casting billet size of converter smelting: 200 × 200mm, the heating-up temperature of strand
1130~1155 DEG C of scope insulation 40min, roll Φ 40mm round steel.
Utilize rolling raceway sealing state, make rolled piece be detained 1.3min 850~860 DEG C of scopes, make
VN separates out in a large number.
Cold through cold bed control, rate of cooling: 0.88 DEG C/s, enter after bundling and cheat slow cooling, in steel, VN separates out
Phase size accounts for total precipitation granule 87% at 20~100nm granules.
Invention steel D performance is: Rm:907MPa, Rel:805MPa, A:25%, Z:51
%, Aku2: 94J.
The steel grade 60CrV of the prior art of corresponding invention steel D, it is mainly composed of: [C]: 0.63
%, [Si]: 0.19%, [Mn]: 0.80%, [V]: 0.15%, [N]: 0.0047% (in converter
Smelt), remaining is ferrum and impurity.
This 60CrV Steel Properties is: Rm:835MPa, Rel:679MPa, A:21%, Z:
42%, Aku2: 67J.
Invention steel in each embodiment is come together in table 1 below with corresponding steel grade performance difference, it is seen that invention
The more corresponding steel grade of steel significantly improves obdurability.
Invention steel and corresponding steel grade mechanical property table in each embodiment of table 1
The steel grade trade mark |
Rm/MPa |
Re/MPa |
A/% |
Z/% |
Aku2/J |
Invention steel A |
918 |
685 |
28 |
54 |
137 |
35MnV |
789 |
545 |
23 |
50 |
98 |
|
+123 |
+140 |
+5 |
+4 |
+37 |
Invention steel B |
1081 |
935 |
19 |
64 |
122 |
SAE6140 |
938 |
765 |
14 |
58 |
72 |
|
+143 |
+170 |
+5 |
+6 |
+50 |
Invention steel C |
1382 |
1245 |
15 |
55 |
130 |
50CrVA |
1305 |
1165 |
12 |
50 |
119 |
|
+77 |
+80 |
+3 |
+5 |
+11 |
Invention steel D |
907 |
805 |
25 |
51 |
94 |
60CrV |
835 |
679 |
21 |
42 |
67 |
|
+72 |
+126 |
+4 |
+9 |
+27 |
Difference |
+ 72~143 |
+ 80~170 |
+ 3~5 |
+ 4~9 |
+ 11~50 |