CN104194741A - High-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer for drilling fluid and preparation method of high-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer for drilling fluid and preparation method of high-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104194741A CN104194741A CN201410383078.6A CN201410383078A CN104194741A CN 104194741 A CN104194741 A CN 104194741A CN 201410383078 A CN201410383078 A CN 201410383078A CN 104194741 A CN104194741 A CN 104194741A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- collapse
- resistant
- parts
- temperature
- weight part
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/035—Organic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer for a drilling fluid and a preparation method of the High-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer. The key point of the technical scheme is that the high-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer for the drilling fluid is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-35 parts of starch, 0.5-5 parts of caustic soda, 20-40 parts of acrylamide, 5-15 parts of sodium 2-acrylamide-2-methallyl sulfonate, 5-15 parts of diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 5-15 parts of sodium pyrosulfite, 5-15 parts of paraformaldehyde and 0.5-5 parts of ammonium persulfate. The invention further discloses a preparation method and a using method of the high-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer for the drilling fluid. The product filtrate reducer obtained by the preparation method has relatively high high-temperature resistance and salt resistance and good anti-collapse performance, can be used for greatly lowering the filtrate loss while being added into the drilling fluid, and capable of forming a firm, thin and compact mud cake, so that an oil-gas reservoir is not polluted by the drilling fluid to achieve effects of protecting the oil-gas reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fluid loss agent and preparation method thereof, belong to oilfield chemistry additive for drilling fluid technical field, be specifically related to a kind of loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Development along with oil-gas exploration and development, be accompanied by drilling well difficulty increasing, the difficult problem that drilling fluid faces is also more and more, oil-gas exploration constantly makes progress to deep formation, drilling fluid is constantly subject to the test of the complexcase such as high temperature, saline bed, brine layer, mud shale interval stratum very easily absorbs water and peels off, and collapses, falls the phenomenons such as piece.Additive for drilling fluid such as easily degrades, is cross-linked at the chemical transformation under high-temperature service, drilling fluid weathers and pollutes rear performance and can change, rheological property is poor, solid load is high, density increases, have a strong impact on drilling progress, well track etc., What is more can cause the generation of the major accidents such as leakage, blowout.
Product for filtrate reducer for drilling fluid mainly contains following several types at present: (1) natural modified material, as starch, lignin class sulfonate, cellulose family etc.; (2) high molecular synthetic material, as vinylformic acid, acrylamide copolymer, vinyl cyanide polymkeric substance etc.From the seventies in last century, along with the development of " three sulphur " drilling fluid system, sulfonated phenol formaldehyde resin is always as the filtrate reducer for drilling fluid the most generally using; these product performance are stable, large-scale production, but saline-alkaline tolerance is poor; dosage is large, uses and easily produce a large amount of bubbles in high temperature deep well.Publication number is that the patent of CN102533231A has been announced a kind of fluid loss agent for ultra-high temperature drilling, the fluid loss agent being prepared by 15-25 weight part phenol, 30-40 parts by weight of formaldehyde, 6-10 weight part Sodium Pyrosulfite, 10-15 weight part S-WAT, 15-20 weight parts water, 0.5-1 weight part sodium hydroxide and 6-10 weight part silicic acid, it is not ideal enough that the fluid loss agent that the method makes suppresses anti sloughing effectiveness, anti-salt, calcium scarce capacity.Publication number is the preparation method that the patent of CN10173580A has been announced a kind of high-temperature resisting and salt-resisting filtrate reducer for drilling fluid, by vinyl monomer is dissolved in water, add initiator and Tiorco 677, hybrid reaction 1-4 hour at 40-100 ℃ of temperature, obtains fluid loss additive for boring fluid, and the fluid loss additive for boring fluid that the method makes is applied for a long time through high temperature, can there is chemical degradation, performance is stable not, and caving-preventing ability is not enough, on-the-spot working service difficulty.Publication number is the preparation method that the patent of CN101851491A has been announced a kind of fluid loss additive for boring fluid, by 30-35 weight part potassium humate, 20-30 weight part etherification starch, 10-15 weight part Natvosol, 5-10 weight part polyacrylamide and 5-10 weight part water-soluble silicon oil, at 120 ℃ of temperature, pressure 0.8-1.2MPa, constant temperature 8-10 hour obtains work in-process, again through drying, pulverizing adds the composite fluid loss agent that makes of 5-10 weight part sulfonated gilsonite, the method complex process, production energy consumption is high, being not suitable for large-scale industrialization produces, and composite sulfonated gilsonite can cause drilling fluid fluorescence grade high, well logging is impacted.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent and preparation method thereof for overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent, is characterized in that it being mainly that raw material by following weight part is prepared from: starch 20-35 part, caustic soda 0.5-5 part, acrylamide 20-40 part, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpro panesulfonic acid sodium 5-15 part, diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride 5-15 part, Sodium Pyrosulfite 5-15 part, paraformaldehyde 5-15 part and ammonium persulphate 0.5-5 part.
The preparation method of drilling fluid high-temperature resisting and salt-resisting anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent of the present invention, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: the starch that (1) gets 20-35 weight part adds in kneader, and opens and stir; (2) get the caustic soda of 0.5-5 weight part and add in kneader after soluble in water, regulate the pH=9-10 of mixing solutions, after stirring, be warming up to 60 ℃ of reaction 1h; (3) in kneader, add the diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride of the acrylamide of 20-40 weight part, the 2-acrylamide-2-methylpro panesulfonic acid sodium of 5-15 weight part and 5-15 weight part, be uniformly mixed; (4) in kneader, add the ammonium persulphate of 0.5-5 weight part, insulation reaction 2h; (5) in kneader, add the Sodium Pyrosulfite of 5-15 weight part and the paraformaldehyde of 5-15 weight part, be warming up to 80 ℃ and insulation reaction 2h; (6) will after material taking-up oven dry, be crushed to and require fineness to make loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent.
The application of loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent of the present invention, is characterized in that: in drilling fluid, the volumn concentration of high-temperature resisting and salt-resisting anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent is 0.5%-1.5%.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect: products obtained therefrom fluid loss agent of the present invention has stronger high temperature resistance, saline-alkaline tolerance; have good caving-preventing characteristic concurrently; add in drilling fluid and can significantly reduce filter loss; can form tough and tensile, thin and fine and close mud cake; make hydrocarbon zone not be subject to drilling fluid contamination, play the effect of protection oil and gas reservoir.
Embodiment
By the following examples foregoing of the present invention is described in further details, but this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment, all technology realizing based on foregoing of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
By following proportioning take respectively raw material (kilogram):
1, starch 20, caustic soda 0.5, acrylamide 20,2-acrylamide-2-methylpro panesulfonic acid sodium 5, diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride 5, ammonium persulphate 0.5, Sodium Pyrosulfite 5 and paraformaldehyde 5;
2, starch 25, caustic soda 2, acrylamide 27,2-acrylamide-2-methylpro panesulfonic acid sodium 8, diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride 8, ammonium persulphate 2, Sodium Pyrosulfite 8 and paraformaldehyde 8;
3, starch 30, caustic soda 4, acrylamide 34,2-acrylamide-2-methylpro panesulfonic acid sodium 12, diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride 12, ammonium persulphate 3, Sodium Pyrosulfite 12 and paraformaldehyde 12;
4, starch 35, caustic soda 5, acrylamide 40,2-acrylamide-2-methylpro panesulfonic acid sodium 15, diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride 15, ammonium persulphate 5, Sodium Pyrosulfite 15 and paraformaldehyde 15.
Production method is as follows:
(1) get the above-mentioned starch taking and add in kneader, and open and stir; (2) get the above-mentioned caustic soda taking and add in kneader after soluble in water, regulate the pH=9-10 of mixing solutions, stir and be warming up to 60 ℃ of reaction 1h; (3) in kneader, add the above-mentioned acrylamide taking, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpro panesulfonic acid sodium and diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, be uniformly mixed; (4) in kneader, add the above-mentioned ammonium persulphate taking, insulation reaction 2h; (5) in kneader, add the above-mentioned Sodium Pyrosulfite taking and paraformaldehyde, be warming up to 80 ℃ and insulation reaction 2h; (6) will after material taking-up oven dry, be crushed to and require fineness to make loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent, in use procedure, the volumn concentration of the loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent making in drilling fluid be 0.5%-1.5%.
Products obtained therefrom fluid loss agent of the present invention has stronger high temperature resistance, saline-alkaline tolerance; have good caving-preventing characteristic concurrently, add in drilling fluid and can significantly reduce filter loss, can form tough and tensile, thin and fine and close mud cake; make hydrocarbon zone not be subject to drilling fluid contamination, play the effect of protection oil and gas reservoir.
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall into claimed scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent, is characterized in that it being mainly that raw material by following weight part is prepared from: starch 20-35 part, caustic soda 0.5-5 part, acrylamide 20-40 part, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpro panesulfonic acid sodium 5-15 part, diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride 5-15 part, Sodium Pyrosulfite 5-15 part, paraformaldehyde 5-15 part and ammonium persulphate 0.5-5 part.
2. a preparation method for loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: the starch that (1) gets 20-35 weight part adds in kneader, and opens and stir; (2) get the caustic soda of 0.5-5 weight part and add in kneader after soluble in water, regulate the pH=9-10 of mixing solutions, after stirring, be warming up to 60 ℃ of reaction 1h; (3) in kneader, add the diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride of the acrylamide of 20-40 weight part, the 2-acrylamide-2-methylpro panesulfonic acid sodium of 5-15 weight part and 5-15 weight part, be uniformly mixed; (4) in kneader, add the ammonium persulphate of 0.5-5 weight part, insulation reaction 2h; (5) in kneader, add the Sodium Pyrosulfite of 5-15 weight part and the paraformaldehyde of 5-15 weight part, be warming up to 80 ℃ and insulation reaction 2h; (6) will after material taking-up oven dry, be crushed to and require fineness to make loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent.
3. the application of loss additive for drilling anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in drilling fluid, the volumn concentration of high-temperature resisting and salt-resisting anti-collapse and anti-falling filtration agent is 0.5%-1.5%.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410383078.6A CN104194741A (en) | 2014-08-05 | 2014-08-05 | High-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer for drilling fluid and preparation method of high-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410383078.6A CN104194741A (en) | 2014-08-05 | 2014-08-05 | High-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer for drilling fluid and preparation method of high-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN104194741A true CN104194741A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
Family
ID=52080114
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201410383078.6A Pending CN104194741A (en) | 2014-08-05 | 2014-08-05 | High-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer for drilling fluid and preparation method of high-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN104194741A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106543367A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-03-29 | 天津博科瑞精细化学有限公司 | Drilling fluid macromolecule salt-resisting high-temperature-resisting fluid loss additive and preparation method thereof |
CN107033861A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-08-11 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of fluid loss additive of oil-base drilling fluid and preparation method thereof |
CN108359417A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-03 | 刘凡领 | A kind of preparation method of drilling well anti-sloughing agent |
CN109971439A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of drilling fluid graft modified starch anti-sloughing agent and preparation method thereof |
CN112661907A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-16 | 克拉玛依市义恩技术服务有限责任公司 | Preparation method of polymer fluid loss agent and polymer fluid loss agent |
CN114349905A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-15 | 中石化南京化工研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of multifunctional environment-friendly additive for drilling fluid |
CN114437296A (en) * | 2020-10-31 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Filtrate reducer and preparation method thereof |
CN115305069A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-11-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Filtrate reducer and preparation method thereof |
CN116535587A (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-08-04 | 石家庄华莱鼎盛科技有限公司 | Natural plant polyphenol modified phenolic resin filtrate reducer for drilling fluid |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6194355B1 (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2001-02-27 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Use of alkoxylated surfactants and aluminum chlorohydrate to improve brine-based drilling fluids |
CN101591527A (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2009-12-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of high temperature resistant anti-sloughing filtrate reducer for drilling fluid and preparation method thereof |
CN102585097A (en) * | 2012-02-26 | 2012-07-18 | 河南工业大学 | Method for preparing amphoteric starch |
CN102898585A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-01-30 | 四川仁智油田技术服务股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high temperature resistant drilling fluid filtrate reducer |
-
2014
- 2014-08-05 CN CN201410383078.6A patent/CN104194741A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6194355B1 (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2001-02-27 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Use of alkoxylated surfactants and aluminum chlorohydrate to improve brine-based drilling fluids |
CN101591527A (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2009-12-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of high temperature resistant anti-sloughing filtrate reducer for drilling fluid and preparation method thereof |
CN102898585A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-01-30 | 四川仁智油田技术服务股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high temperature resistant drilling fluid filtrate reducer |
CN102585097A (en) * | 2012-02-26 | 2012-07-18 | 河南工业大学 | Method for preparing amphoteric starch |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
姚克俊 等: "淀粉衍生物的研究III淀粉-磺甲基化聚丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物溶液的流变性", 《油田化学》 * |
张友松: "《变形淀粉生产与应用手册》", 31 January 2001 * |
王中华: "AM/AMPS/DEDAAC/淀粉接枝共聚物钻井液降滤失剂的合成", 《化工时刊》 * |
谭业邦 等: "淀粉-磺甲基化聚丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成及其在钻井泥浆中的应用", 《油田化学》 * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106543367A (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-03-29 | 天津博科瑞精细化学有限公司 | Drilling fluid macromolecule salt-resisting high-temperature-resisting fluid loss additive and preparation method thereof |
CN107033861A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-08-11 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of fluid loss additive of oil-base drilling fluid and preparation method thereof |
CN109971439A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of drilling fluid graft modified starch anti-sloughing agent and preparation method thereof |
CN109971439B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2021-08-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Graft modified starch anti-sloughing agent for drilling fluid and preparation method thereof |
CN108359417A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-08-03 | 刘凡领 | A kind of preparation method of drilling well anti-sloughing agent |
CN114349905A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-15 | 中石化南京化工研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of multifunctional environment-friendly additive for drilling fluid |
CN114437296A (en) * | 2020-10-31 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Filtrate reducer and preparation method thereof |
CN112661907A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-16 | 克拉玛依市义恩技术服务有限责任公司 | Preparation method of polymer fluid loss agent and polymer fluid loss agent |
CN115305069A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2022-11-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Filtrate reducer and preparation method thereof |
CN116535587A (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-08-04 | 石家庄华莱鼎盛科技有限公司 | Natural plant polyphenol modified phenolic resin filtrate reducer for drilling fluid |
CN116535587B (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2023-10-27 | 石家庄华莱鼎盛科技有限公司 | Natural plant polyphenol modified phenolic resin filtrate reducer for drilling fluid |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN104194741A (en) | High-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer for drilling fluid and preparation method of high-temperature-resistant salt-resistant anti-collapse filtrate reducer | |
CN110205104B (en) | Strong plugging drilling fluid composition, and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN101851491B (en) | Method for preparing fluid loss additive for drilling fluid | |
CN104087271A (en) | Compound polyamine shale inhibitor for drilling fluid and preparation method thereof | |
CN102433108B (en) | Temperature-resistance salt-resistance filtrate reducer for drilling fluid and preparation method thereof | |
CN103710008A (en) | Filtrate loss reducer for high temperature resistant drilling fluid and preparation method thereof | |
CN102459502B (en) | Wellbore fluid additives and methods of producing the same | |
CN104140794B (en) | A kind of high temperature-resisting oil-in-water drilling fluid | |
CN106675533A (en) | Grafted starch filtration loss reduction agent used for drilling fluid and preparation method thereof | |
CN102757778A (en) | Fracturing fluid capable of resisting high salinity water quality | |
CN102911647A (en) | Temporary plugging agent for drilling fluid and preparation method of temporary plugging agent | |
CN104449655B (en) | Fracture-cavern type oil reservoir filtrate reducer composition and fracture-cavern type oil reservoir filtrate reducing method | |
CN105176499A (en) | Filtrate reducer capable of resisting high temperature and high-concentration salt and preparation method thereof | |
CN104531098A (en) | Salt-resistant filtrate loss reducer for grafted starch drilling fluid | |
CN106118621B (en) | A kind of polyethers hydramine drilling fluid | |
CN102660038B (en) | Method for preparing hydrolytic polyacrylonitrile filtrate reducer by organic diamine cross-linking agent | |
CN106398669A (en) | Method for preparing pressure-bearing blocking agent for drilling fluid | |
CN109293052A (en) | A kind of water base rejected well drilling liquid breaks colloid system and preparation method thereof | |
WO2019010771A1 (en) | Deep-well polysulfonate drilling fluid and preparation method therefor | |
CN113773440A (en) | Water-based drilling fluid filtrate reducer capable of inhibiting natural gas hydrate decomposition and preparation method and application thereof | |
CN105733526A (en) | Drilling fluid filtrate reducer and preparation method thereof | |
CN104357030A (en) | Branched polymer treatment agent for drilling liquid and preparation method of branched polymer treatment agent | |
IT9048312A1 (en) | PERFORATION FLUID WITH ANIONIC CARBOHYDRATE BROWN REACTION AND RELATIVE METHOD | |
CN102796503B (en) | Intercalation polymer gel diversion agent | |
CN105154032A (en) | Inorganic-organic polymer processing agent for drilling fluid and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20141210 |