CN104185024A - HEVC quantization parameter optimizing method based on total code rate and information entropy model - Google Patents
HEVC quantization parameter optimizing method based on total code rate and information entropy model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an HEVC quantization parameter optimizing method based on a total code rate and information entropy model. The total code rate and information entropy model is used in the code rate control process to adjust the quantization parameters (QP)s in the HEVC coding process according to different sequence characters of different videos, the purposes of improving the rate-distortion performance and controlling the code rate more accurately are achieved, and the coding complexity cannot be obviously affected. The quantization parameter optimizing method is also suitable for calculating the QPs of H.264/AVC, AVC and other video coding standards.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention relates to a kind of based on HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding H.265/MPEG-H) the quantization parameter optimization method of video encoding standard, relate in particular to a kind of precision correcting method of video frequency coding rate control procedure.
Background technology
In Video coding and transmission are applied, H.265/MPEG-H HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding of a new generation's high-performance video coding standard) develop jointly group (JCT-VC) exploitation by the Video coding of ISO-IEC/MPEG and the establishment of ITU-T/VCEG Liang great International Organization for standardization, compared with H.264/AVC, under identical visual quality, HEVC can make bit rate reduce half.
As video encoding standard of new generation, HEVC still belongs to the hybrid encoding frame that prediction adds conversion, it has also comprised the coding modules such as infra-frame prediction, inter prediction, orthogonal transform, quantification, filtering, entropy coding, but all carried out careful optimize and improve in each coding link, HEVC standard code method as shown in Figure 1.
In video frequency coding rate control algolithm, rate distortion
(Rate-Distortion) performance is the problem that needs consideration.A good rate control algorithm can reach the little coding distortion of trying one's best in reaching target bit rate accurately.Rate Control problem can be converted to rate-distortion optimization problem as shown in Equation (1),, selects to make the parameter of distortion minimization as optimum coding parameter by the situation that number of coded bits is no more than target bit by this optimization problem encoder.Wherein
presentation code parameter sets, comprises pattern, movable information, quantization parameter QP (Quantization Parameter) etc.
In formula (1)
be Lagrange multiplier, represent
slope of a curve absolute value.Video coding provides very large coding flexibility, and encoder is free to select the combination of various coding parameters.Select different parameters to produce very important impact to the coding bit rate of final video.Therefore, rate control algorithm can make encoder select suitable coding parameter in some discrete legal coding parameter set, and then reaches target bit rate.
（1）
HEVC accurately portrays in encryption algorithm with hyperbolic model
code rate distortion model.As shown in Equation (2), wherein
represent the video distortion after compressed encoding;
represent the bit rate after compression, consume bit bpp (bit per pixel) as unit taking every pixel;
with
the model parameter relevant with sequence characteristic, different video sequences
,
value difference.
（2）
In the time of Rate Control, HEVC adopted a kind of novelty based on
model
territory rate control algorithm.In this rate control algorithm,
on the basis of code rate distortion model, pass through code check
lagrange multiplier with coding use
between set up mathematical relationship, and utilize adjust
method reach desired target bit rate.As shown in Equation (3), can calculate Lagrange multiplier by this formula
, wherein
,
.Therefore
with
these two parameters are also relevant to the characteristic of sequence, and different sequences have different values.
（3）
Further obtain code check by formula (3)
with
relation, as shown in Equation (4).
（4）
By the known code check of formula (4)
completely by Lagrange multiplier
institute determines.
with
curve be related to that schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2.
that the convex closure network of being put by all real works determines
slope of a curve absolute value, code check
and Lagrange multiplier
between exist one-to-one relationship.Due to
curve is convex function, based on certain
value computational minimization formula (1) is equivalent to and uses slope absolute value to be
the straight line of value goes to approach
curve, and this straight line only can be with
contact of a curve is in a bit.Therefore,
value can determine code check
and video distortion
.
In Rate Control process, HEVC distributes the bit of suitable quantity at the coding unit to each rank according to the situation of occupying of buffering area, generally include picture group GOP (Group of Pictures) level, picture level and elementary cell level (Coding Unit).In order to reach certain distributed target bit rate
, encoder will be associated according to formula (3) decision
value, and use it for cataloged procedure.Use when encoding
after value is determined, every other coding parameter all should be determined by rate-distortion optimization RDO (Rate-Distortion Optimization).
QP is one of coding parameter to be optimized in rate-distortion optimization problem.Conventionally can determine optimum QP by the mode of many QP optimizations (Multiple-QP Optimization).In many QP optimize, conventionally using formula (5) as optimization aim.
（5）
it is the set of QP to be selected.Ideally,
can comprise the QP value of all permissions, in HEVC, optional QP value comprises from 0 to 51 totally 52.If but encoder is attempted all possible QP value, can increase greatly the complexity of coding side.Even if the method that therefore uses many QP to optimize, also only can rule of thumb comprise limited several QP values.
Because the QP quantity of coding side complexity and use is directly proportional, for in the situation that not increasing coding side complexity, in the situation that not using many QP to optimize, promote the distortion performance of coding, the experiment of HEVC based on different cycle testss, utilize optimum QP value with
between linear relationship, the QP value that uses in coding is revised, as shown in Equation (6).Then utilize revised QP value to encode.
（6）
In formula (6), slope a is 4.2005, intercept b value 13.7122, and these two parameters are the cycle testss based on different, the mean value after experimental fit.In fact,, for the video sequence of different content, these two parameters should self adaptation value, and in cataloged procedure, adopts this fixing value mode obviously to have certain limitation.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of HEVC quantization parameter optimization method based on total bitrate and comentropy model, this algorithm can be for different video sequences in Rate Control process, use total bitrate and comentropy model adaptation accurate Calculation quantization parameter QP value, promote the distortion performance of coding.The QP that designed quantization parameter QP optimization method is suitable for other video encoding standards equally calculates.
A kind of HEVC quantization parameter optimization method based on total bitrate and comentropy model of Patent design of the present invention adopts following scheme to realize: (as shown in Figure 3)
Wherein
for Lagrangian, R be total bitrate, H be residual error code check, parameter ε, φ be constant,
for laplacian distribution parameter.
Further, described parameter ε, φ, for B frame and P frame, ε, φ get different values,
Further, described
for laplacian distribution parameter, different
value is in order to embody the video sequence of different characteristic.
Further, described quantization parameter QP optimization method is suitable for the QP calculating of other video encoding standards equally.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is HEVC video encoding standard structured flowchart.
Fig. 2 is in Rate Control
with
curve be related to schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the quantization parameter optimization method of Patent design of the present invention.
Embodiment
Set forth below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and design principle the technical scheme that patent of the present invention relates to.
In HEVC, the total bitrate after coding is residual information entropy and side information code check sum, and therefore, except residual information, side information also has larger impact to total bitrate, especially at low code check place.In high code check, quantization step conventionally
smaller, total bitrate R and residual error code check H are more approaching; And in the time of low code check, quantization step
value is larger, and total bitrate R and residual error code check H differ larger, and at this moment side information code check is just relatively remarkable.
Conversion residual error is obeyed the laplacian distribution of zero-mean conventionally, establishes
for laplacian distribution parameter, ln (R/H) with
can be approximately linear relationship, total bitrate and comentropy model as shown in Equation (7), or shown in formulate (8).Wherein, parameter ε, φ are constant, and for B frame and P frame, ε, φ get different values, as shown in Equation (9).
computational methods as shown in Equation (10),
for the standard deviation of conversion residual error, embody the content characteristic of current video.
（7）
（8）
（9）
（10）
In HEVC, quantization step
with the relation of quantization parameter QP as shown in Equation (11).
（11）
Simultaneous formula (8) and (11), can obtain quantization parameter QP as shown in Equation (12), due to different laplacian distribution parameters
embodied the video sequence of different characteristic, therefore the designed QP optimization method of the present invention has more the function of self adaptation different video compared with primary standard.
（12）
In actual cataloged procedure, for current target bit rate R, need prediction residual code check H and laplacian distribution parameter
.Because vision signal has very strong correlation in time, between frame and frame, change in the short period of time very littlely, therefore the present invention predicts current the by the average of three frames of having encoded above
the residual error code check of frame
with laplacian distribution parameter
, if formula (13) is with as shown in formula (14).
（13）
（14）
In addition, in the time of low code check, the selection frequency of SKIP pattern can more be increased, thereby causes residual information entropy in formula (12) close to 0.Because side information is set up based on residual information entropy, therefore, it is less than normal that this model can cause side information to be estimated at this moment, makes final code check model inaccurate.All encoding by SKIP pattern at all, to cause residual information entropy be that under 0 extreme case, QP at this moment just uses conventional methods and calculates, as shown in Equation (6).
Owing to utilizing temporal correlation to come prediction residual code check H and laplacian distribution parameter
, the present invention also needs to consider the situation of scene change.Embody whether produce scene change by the standard deviation of present frame and last reconstructed frame difference.As shown in Equation (15), wherein
for current
frame,
represent the
the reconstructed frame of frame,
for pixel index value, W and H are respectively the width and height of video.
（15）
In the time of scene change,
change just violently, therefore use present frame
with former frame
rate of change
judge whether to produce scene change, when
while being less than threshold value 0.3, just think that video scene content changes, QP at this moment just uses conventional methods and calculates, as shown in Equation (6).
（16）
Comprehensive the above, the present invention is in the time carrying out quantization parameter optimization, first judge whether all coding units are that SKIP pattern or scene change, if, do not use the quantization parameter optimized algorithm based on total bitrate and comentropy model, otherwise adopt traditional computational methods to obtain QP, total optimization method as shown in Equation (17).After having encoded, present frame needs to upgrade residual error code check H and the laplacian distribution parameter of present frame
, for the coding of next frame.Due to the vision signal of different content, its residual error coefficient distributed constant
also different, therefore, the designed QP optimization method of the present invention can be adaptive to different video sequence, obtains better distortion performance, and the QP that the method is suitable for other video encoding standards equally calculates.
（17）。
Claims (4)
1. the HEVC quantization parameter optimization method based on total bitrate and comentropy model, it is characterized in that: in the Rate Control process of HEVC video encoding standard, for different video sequence signature, use total bitrate and comentropy model adaptation to calculate quantization parameter QP value, the described quantization parameter QP optimization method based on HEVC video encoding standard comprises:
Quantization parameter QP optimization method:
Wherein
for Lagrangian, R be total bitrate, H be residual error code check, parameter ε, φ be constant,
for laplacian distribution parameter.
2. a kind of HEVC quantization parameter optimization method based on total bitrate and comentropy model according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described parameter ε, φ, and for B frame and P frame, ε, φ get different values,
.
3. a kind of HEVC quantization parameter optimization method based on total bitrate and comentropy model according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described
for laplacian distribution parameter, different
value is in order to embody the video sequence of different characteristic.
4. a kind of HEVC quantization parameter optimization method based on total bitrate and comentropy model according to claim 1, is characterized in that: H.264/AVC described quantization parameter QP optimization method is suitable for equally, and the QP of the video encoding standards such as AVS calculates.
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| CN113438479A (en) * | 2021-06-13 | 2021-09-24 | 北方工业大学 | Code rate control based on CTU information entropy |
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