A kind of surface-enhanced Raman detection means for public security fire-fighting scene of fire
Technical field
The invention belongs to Raman spectrum onthe technology of site test field, particularly a kind of Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy detection means for public security fire-fighting scene of fire.
Background technology
The generation of fire has caused serious impact to people's productive life and social harmony are stable.The material evidence qualification of scene of fire is the important component part of cause of fire investigation, can be and finds out that reason of fire provides crucial technical support, the generation again that also contributes to prevention and reduce similar accident by analyzing the rule of cause of fire discovery fire generation.
Organic compound extensively exists in producing, live people, know chemical composition, content composition, molecular characterization and space distribution, existing way, the Variation Features of this type of combustion residue in the scene of a fire, for the scientific analysis fire origin cause of formation, rapidly find out cause of fire, strick precaution and control fire inducement significant.Because experience is burnt high temperature, oxidation reaction, fire extinguishing process and the interaction with periphery material, residual organism often with trace even the form of trace exist, and under fire field environment, be subject to the factor such as volatilization, water to affect very easily loss.
Therefore, in scene of fire, residue is detected fast and accurately, to guarantee material evidence qualification the crucial clue of ageing, rapid grasp, find out cause of fire as early as possible, take measures in time, tool is of great significance.
At present, the detection of scene of a fire residual organic matter card is mainly carried out under laboratory condition.In detection method, because general spectral technique Detection capability is limited and be difficult to effectively distinguish potpourri, mainly utilize chromatogram (coupling) both at home and abroad thus the good separation of technology and qualitative feature detect and analyze the kind of differentiating material organic material evidence.But due to experience high temperature of fire, oxidation reaction, fire extinguishing process and with the interaction of periphery material, organism often with trace even the form of trace exist, the detection of this super low concentration is all the time one for chromatographic technique and is difficult for the bottleneck of breaking through, and the residual water for fire extinguishing in the scene of a fire also utmost point is unfavorable for the application of gas chromatographic technique.In real work, especially for doubtfully setting fire, the scene of fire such as blast, public security fire-fighting department need to find out in time cause of fire in the very first time, determine properties of fire, the rapid loss under complicated fire field environment for fear of organic material evidence simultaneously, the fast detecting tool of realizing scene of fire is of great significance.But chromatographic technique is in the time being applied to scene, need the complicated preparation process such as sample extraction, separation, enrichment and external carrier gas or solvent as mobile phase, in addition large, the complicated operation of the volume of analytical instrument own, analysis time are long, and these limiting factors will cause very adverse influence to work on the spot.Owing to lacking systematic research and effectively detecting analysis means, the field quick detection of material evidence and the ageing method that there is no thereof obtain powerful guarantee in a word.
Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy technology (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering-SERS) is directly spectral technique fast of one, can provide that other detection technique institute is not readily accessible, Single Molecule Detection level even, have that Detection capability is high, fingerprint characteristic is strong, sensing range is wide, analysis time is short, highly sensitive, harmless original position analysis, water disturb the advantages such as little, and instrument portable, easy and simple to handle, do not need complicated sample pre-treatments and the condition of equating that flows.This for realize high pollution in the scene of a fire, complicated various, be subject to that water for fire extinguishing affects greatly, the even fast detecting of organic material evidence of trace residue of trace, be undoubtedly an ideal selection.
Because surface-enhanced Raman effects is the interaction based between measured object and metal Nano structure surface, the material substrate therefore with certain nanoscale and pattern detects most important for SERS.And in scene of fire, for the detection of residual compound, more need portable, miniaturization, the detection means that is equipped with SERS active substrate and raman scattering spectrum to combine to use to be achieved.
Therefore, for the needs of scene of fire material evidence fast detecting, design and develop a kind of surface-enhanced Raman detection means for scene of fire, for the evidence at the scene work of public security fire-fighting department provides new technical means effectively and rapidly, have positive meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the needs for scene of fire material evidence fast detecting, provide a kind of small-sized, portable, there is rapid extraction and strengthen the surface-enhanced Raman detection means for public security fire-fighting scene of fire of Raman signal function.
A kind of surface-enhanced Raman detection means for public security fire-fighting scene of fire that the present invention proposes, comprises device cylinder, filter and squeezing bushing, wherein:
Described filter is arranged at device cylinder foremost, and squeezing bushing is placed in the rear end of device cylinder;
In described device cylinder, be provided with and filter sieve plate, sample diversion cavity, detect substrate, drainage tube, steady arm, rubber blanket, air guide needle, gas port, piston and spring fixator, be provided with filtration sieve plate apart from filter a distance; Filter sieve plate and be connected with sample diversion cavity, sample diversion cavity is provided with detection substrate, and rear end is provided with drainage tube; Detect substrate top and be provided with the fixator that connects Raman fiber probe use, described fixator is positioned at device damaged surface, and described fixator is provided with printing opacity forms, and has unlatching/sealing function; The drainage tube rear end of sample diversion cavity is provided with the steady arm with hickey, and described steady arm is threaded connection and is fixed in device cylinder, and in described steady arm and device cylinder, rubber seal is passed through in junction; Described steady arm has the function of detachable and sealing rubber pad; A distance, rubber blanket rear is provided with piston, and piston nose is connected with the air guide needle with gas port; Piston rear end is provided with spring fixator, and spring fixator is connected with device inboard wall of cylinder; Described filter is provided with the first filter opening, for the larger impurity of filtering, and liquid is passed through; Described filtration sieve plate is provided with the second filter opening, and the aperture of described the second filter opening is less than the aperture of the first filter opening, and described the second filter opening is used for removing less solid impurity, and liquid is passed through;
In described squeezing bushing, be provided with connecting rod and spring, connecting rod one end is connected with piston, and the connecting rod other end is connected with squeezing bushing inwall; Spring one end is connected with spring fixator, and the spring other end is connected with squeezing bushing inwall.
In the present invention, described device cylinder length-diameter ratio is 1:1~40:1.
In the present invention, described filter is shaped as semicircle or taper shape.
In the present invention, the aperture ratio of the aperture of described the second filter opening and the first filter opening is 1:2~1:1000.
In the present invention, on described filter, the aperture ratio of the first filter opening and filter is 1:5 ~ 1:20.
In the present invention, described detection substrate is the surface reinforced Raman active substrate that is modified with gold/silver nano particle in silicon or silicon dioxide material, or in the surface enhanced Raman substrate of commercialization chip type any.
The beneficial effect of a kind of surface-enhanced Raman detection means for public security fire-fighting scene of fire of the present invention is:
(1) simple in structure, cost is low, is easy to carry about with one, and can be applicable to the separation and Extraction of on-the-spot liquid material evidence;
(2), by being connected with Raman detection optical fiber, the Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy that can realize on-the-spot microscratch amount material evidence detects;
(3) sample after testing can be deposited in detection means, is convenient to material evidence and preserves and subsequent analysis;
(4) method that adopts negative pressure to gather, can repeatedly extract evidence at the scene, to meet the needs of detection.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of the surface-enhanced Raman detection means for public security fire-fighting scene of fire;
Fig. 2 is the SERS spectrogram of embodiment 1 TNT simulation sample;
Fig. 3 is the SiO that embodiment 2 adopts
2the SERS test material of AuNpsC6;
Fig. 4 is the SiO that embodiment 2 adopts
2auNpsC6 test material SEM photo;
fig. 5for the SERS spectrogram of embodiment 2 naphthalene simulation samples;
Number in the figure: 1, device cylinder, 2, filter, 3, filter sieve plate, 4, sample diversion cavity, 5, detect substrate, 6 fixators, 6a and 6b are the buckle that fixing optical fiber probe is used, 7, drainage tube, 8, steady arm, 9, rubber blanket, 10, air guide needle, 11, gas port, 12, piston, 13, spring fixator, 14, connecting rod, 15, spring, 16, squeezing bushing.
Embodiment
Further illustrate by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, this device contains device cylinder 1, filter 2, filter sieve plate 3, sample diversion cavity 4, detects substrate 5, fixator 6 and fixing buckle 6a and 6b, drainage tube 7, steady arm 8, rubber blanket 9, air guide needle 10, gas port 11, piston 12, spring fixator 13, connecting rod 14, spring 15, squeezing bushing 16.Wherein: filter 2 is arranged on device cylinder 1 foremost; Be provided with apart from its 1 ~ 2cm place and filter sieve plate 3; Filter sieve plate 3 and be connected with sample diversion cavity 4, sample diversion cavity 4 is provided with and detects substrate 5, and rear end is provided with drainage tube 7; Detect substrate 5 tops and be provided with the fixator 6 that connection fibre-optical probe is used, fixator 6 is provided with printing opacity forms, and has unlatching/sealing function; Mozzle 7 rear ends of sample diversion cavity 4 are provided with the steady arm 8 of hickey, have the function of detachable and fixing seal rubber blanket 9; Rubber blanket 95 ~ 8cm places, rear are provided with piston 12, and piston 12 1 sides are connected with the air guide needle 10 with gas port 11, and opposite side is connected with connecting rod 14, and connecting rod 14 is connected with squeezing bushing 16 inwalls; Piston 12 rear ends are provided with spring fixator 13, and spring fixator 13 is connected with device cylinder 1 inwall and spring 15 respectively, and spring 15 other ends are connected with squeezing bushing 16.
Described detection means cylinder length-diameter ratio is about 8:1~12:1;
Described filter is shaped as taper shape;
The aperture ratio of the aperture of described the second filter opening and the first filter opening is 1:100~1:150;
On described filter, the aperture ratio of the first filter opening and filter is 1:6 ~ 1:10;
Described detection substrate is the Klarite SERS chip of Reinshaw diagnostic techniques company.
Operation steps of the present invention is as follows:
(1) open fixator 6, Klarite SERS chip detection part is arranged on to the detection substrate location of detection means, close fixator 6, detection means front end filter 1 is inserted and contains 2, in the Fluid simulation sample of 4,6-trinitro-toluene (TNT) and solid impurity, press squeezing bushing 16;
(2) by squeezing bushing 16 extrusion springs 15, also drivening rod 14 and piston 12 advance simultaneously, make air guide needle 10 thrust rubber blanket 9 and go deep into ultimate range, and gas port 11 does not touch rubber blanket 9;
(3) slowly decontrol squeezing bushing 16, under the acting force of spring, squeezing bushing 16, connecting rod 14 and piston 12 backward, make to form negative pressure between rubber washer 9 and piston 12;
(4) under the connection condition of air guide needle 10 and gas port 11 thereof, negative pressure is passed to rubber blanket 9 opposite side cavitys, the liquid of filter 2 outsides is sucked in detection means, and filter 2 and filter in the gradable filtering fluid sample of sieve plate 3 Bu Tong big or small solid impurity, avoids solids obstruction filter mesh;
(5) fluid sample that contains TNT passes through filter 2 and filters after sieve plate 3, enters sample diversion cavity 4, by the cavity below being introduced by drainage tube after detection substrate 5.Air guide needle is extracted slowly, and whole process remains negative pressure state, and after air guide needle is extracted completely, rubber blanket is isolated sample and is stored in detection means;
(6), after, Raman fiber probe is connected and fixed device 6, makes Raman spreading beam carry out spectrum test by the glass forms on fixator 6, obtains testing result, sees Fig. 2.It should be noted that, said process can be repeatedly to meet the needs of detection.Can open if desired fixator window and change detection substrate.As need be again detected, detachable steady arm 8 and rubber blanket 9, shift the sample in cavity.Preserve sample as need, filter 2 is sealed.
embodiment 2
Adopt device described in embodiment 1, the detection substrate of use has the surface reinforced Raman active substrate of golden nanometer particle layer for glass surface modification.Its preparation method is:
(1) SiO
2the activation of glass basis and preparation
Small pieces by microslide cutting into about 0.5 × 0.5cm, be dipped to 12h in the concentrated sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide mixed solution, take out respectively and clean with deionized water and ethanol, after dry, be soaked in 12h in the ethanolic solution of 3-aminopropyl-trimethoxy silane (APTMS), taking-up is removed unnecessary APTMS with alcohol flushing, stand-by after baking oven inner drying.
(2) preparation of golden nanometer particle colloid
Join in 100mL deionized water rare the 1% tetra chlorauric acid aqueous solution of 4.8mL, boil to slight boiling condition, under magnetic agitation, add 1% sodium citrate aqueous solution of 10mL, preserve boiling certain hour, centrifugal concentrating under 8000rpm after naturally cooling, gets bottom colloid and spends after Ion Cleaning centrifugal concentrating again and preserve.
(3) SiO
2the preparation of AuNpsC6 test material
Microslide after activation is at room temperature soaked in to 12h in golden nanometer particle colloid, taking out microslide cleans with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol successively, after dry, repeat golden nanometer particle assembling process, be finally soaked in 12h in the ethanolic solution of hexyl mercaptan, after cleaning with ethanol, drying under reduced pressure obtains SiO
2auNpsC6 test material, is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
(4) by SiO
2the SERS test material of AuNpsC6 is assemblied in detection means.
When use, step 1: Raman fiber probe is connected and carries out spectrum test with fixator 6, obtain detecting the background signal of substrate 5, during for follow-up material evidence analyzing and testing, result comparison, also can confirm to detect the impurity whether substrate 5 contains interference detection results.Can open if desired fixator 6 windows and change detection substrate 5;
Step 2: the filter 2 that is arranged in device cylinder front end is inserted to the Fluid simulation sample that contains naphthalene (gasoline comburant detects the object of qualification) and solid impurity, pressing squeezing bushing 16 then slowly decontrols, water body example sucks sample diversion cavity under pressure, and in water body, solid particle is by filtering;
Step 3: the water body example that contains naphthalene passes through to detect substrate 5 by sample diversion cavity 4, then the device cavity storage that enters below through drainage tube 7;
Step 4: treat that water body example, all by detecting substrate 5, utilizes the fibre-optical probe of Raman spectrometer to carry out Raman test by the forms of fixator 6, obtain the spectral signal of sample, see Fig. 5.In order to guarantee the accurate and effective of sample analysis, open steady arm 8 and rubber blanket 9, the detection sample being deposited in test chamber is carried out again to GC-MS detection.Also salable filter 2, is used for Sample storage to keep sample and surveys.