Background technology
Valve is a part for engine valve actuating mechanism, and it ensures engine in the process of running, opens and closes on time,
Fresh combustion mixture is input into cylinder, and in time by the waste gas discharge cylinder after burning.Valve it is general by head, bar portion and
Afterbody is constituted, and bar portion is the significant points of valve.A pair of fastnesses are formed in valve in internal combustion engine bar portion and valve guide bushing.
Under less than good lubricating condition, the friction repeatedly of thousands of times per minute is subject, its working condition is extremely severe.
According to the work characteristics of engine valve stem, high requirement is proposed to its precision, surface quality during design.Except valve
Outside the dimensional accuracy of shank diameter, specify in standard GB/T 2784-81:The circularity of valve stem, linearity and cylindricity are less than
0.01mm, surface roughness is not less than Ra0.63, some at a high speed, the requirement of big load internal combustion engine bar portion circularity in 0.005mm, table
Surface roughness is not less than Ra0.4.In recent years, requirement of the automobile vendor to engine valve bar portion is improved constantly, such as General Motors
Requirement with many products of Volkswagen to roughness reaches Ra0.2, and Rz1.6 is even lower;And to the requirement of roughness
There is the trend for increasingly improving, exceeded well over the requirement of GB.In addition, engine valve stem be again valve machining in pass through frequently as dress
Folder, positions the surface of radial reference, and its precision state directly influences the machining accuracy at other positions.For example outside processing pan portion
The locked groove of circle, end face, the conical surface and rod end, rod end surface is both needed to make radial reference with valve stem.Therefore the processing to engine valve stem
The requirement higher that technique is proposed.
In order to obtain desired roughness and circularity, engine valve stem is carried out by the way of multiple tracks grinding in the prior art
Processing, typically takes 3 roads to 7 road grinding process, and this depends on and different materials and product requirement and different working abilities.Mesh
The preceding grinding method for using is exactly specifically that valve is rotated by guide wheel driving for centerless grinding mode, and valve is carried by knife plate
For support, while emery wheel also rotates being ground to engine valve stem;The deficiency of this processing is higher for roughness requirements
Product, due to need to reach the requirement of roughness it is last be ground together when employ the thinner emery wheel of granularity and by sand
Wheel repairs thinner mode and carrys out converted products, although engine valve stem roughness is increased in this mode sacrificing
The efficiency of Product processing, and the lifting capacity of roughness is limited;The engine valve stem roughness processed using this traditional approach
Ra0.25, circularity 0.003-0.004 can typically be reached.
Therefore, currently to efficiency high, there are needs in machining accuracy engine valve stem processing technology higher and equipment.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of microstoning technique and equipment for engine valve bar portion, gas is improve
The processing efficiency in door rod portion, the roughness and circularity of engine valve stem are significantly improved, and save processing cost.
Therefore, the present invention provides a kind of microstoning technique for engine valve stem, comprises the following steps:Will be surpassed
The valve of finishing is placed on rotary drive mechanism;The valve rotation is driven by the rotary drive mechanism rolling friction;
Oilstone is moved into valve top, the oilstone is pressed to by pressure exerting arrangement then and is contacted with engine valve stem and one is applied to it
Fixed pressure;While pressure is applied, grinding lubricating oil is applied on the machined surface of engine valve stem;In the valve rotation
Meanwhile, drive the oilstone under the pressure along the centerline direction of engine valve stem with speed move back and forth at least twice.It is logical
The microstoning technique is crossed, the roughness of engine valve stem easily reaches below Ra0.12, for example, can reach roughness higher
It is required that Ra0.10 even Ra0.08 etc., circularity can improve 0.001-0.002, i.e., final engine valve stem circularity can reach 0.002-
0.003。
In a scheme of the invention, under the driving of rotary drive mechanism, valve can with 1500rpm to 3500rpm,
It is preferred that the rotating speed rotation of 2000rpm to 2800rpm, such as 2400rpm.It should be appreciated that as needed, can be suitable from other
Valve rotating speed, in this is intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
In a scheme of the invention, oilstone is 0.5 bar to 4 bars, preferably 1.0 bars to 2.6 to the pressure of engine valve stem
Bar, such as 2.0 bars.It should be appreciated that as needed, can select other suitable pressure, this is intended to be included within the scope of the present invention
It is interior.
In a scheme of the invention, under the driving of linear driving mechanism, oilstone can be along the center line of engine valve stem
With 100mm/s to 1000mm/s, the preferably speed of 200mm/s to 400mm/s is moved back and forth 2-6 times, for example, being directed to engine valve stem
A diameter of 5.8mm valve, oilstone moves back and forth 4 times and can just obtain along the center line of engine valve stem with the speed of 200mm/s
Desired roughness and circularity are obtained, for example, reaches below roughness Rz1.2 and circularity less than 0.003.It should be appreciated that according to need
Will, other suitable oilstone translational speeds and the number of times for moving back and forth can be selected, this is intended to be included within the scope of the present invention interior.
Here, it is necessary to explanation, movement refers to once that oilstone is moved once along engine valve stem one way.
In the present invention, above-mentioned microstoning technique also includes what the valve that will be processed was removed from the rotary drive mechanism
Step.
The present invention also provides a kind of microstoning equipment of the engine valve stem of engine, including:Pending superfinishing is provided to add
The feed mechanism of the valve of work;Support the rotary drive mechanism that simultaneously rolling friction ground drives the valve rotation;It is arranged in the rotation
Oilstone mechanism above drive mechanism, it includes oilstone frame and the oilstone for being ground the valve;For grinding lubricating oil to be applied
It is added to the lubricating oil applying mechanism on the machined surface of engine valve stem;Linear driving mechanism, for driving the oilstone mechanism along valve
The center line linear reciprocating motion of bar portion;The pressure exerting arrangement above the oilstone mechanism is arranged in, for the oilstone mechanism to be pushed
Certain pressure is contacted and applies with engine valve stem to the oilstone;The position-limit mechanism of the rotary drive mechanism both sides is arranged in, is used
In preventing, the valve is axially displaced in rotation process.By this microstoning equipment, the roughness of engine valve stem is easy to
Ra0.12 is reached, circularity can improve 0.001-0.002, i.e., final engine valve stem circularity can reach 0.002-0.003.
According to a scheme of the invention, microstoning equipment also includes being arranged in the discharging machine below rotary drive mechanism
Structure, the valve for that will process is transferred to discharging opening from the rotary drive mechanism.Herein, the discharging mechanism can be splicing
Disk.It should be appreciated that discharging mechanism can be arranged in the side of rotary drive mechanism, such as grasping mechanism, for that will process
Valve is transferred to discharging opening.
According to a scheme of the invention, the rotary drive mechanism includes turning degree and direction of rotation identical at least two
Runner, each two backing roll at least two backing roll is used to support and rolling friction ground drives a valve.
According to a preferred scheme of the invention, the linear driving mechanism includes servomotor, and with servomotor
The joining ball-screw of drive shaft, the ball-screw is connected to oilstone frame, so as to the rotary motion of the drive shaft be converted to
The linear reciprocating motion of the oilstone frame and the oilstone.
According to a preferred scheme of the invention, the rotation driving includes two backing rolls, in described two backing rolls
One can move horizontally and leave another backing roll, so as to form gap between the two backing rolls, make what is processed
Valve is dropped on the discharging mechanism from the gap.
According to a scheme of the invention, the feed mechanism includes stock shelf, is arranged in the direction of the stock shelf rotation
Turn first backgauge cylinder and the second backgauge cylinder of one end of drive mechanism, first backgauge cylinder and second backgauge cylinder are equal
With backgauge position and open position, when first backgauge cylinder and second backgauge cylinder are in backgauge position, both
Between have a valve to be processed.
According to another scheme of the invention, the feed mechanism includes stock shelf and grasping mechanism, and the grasping mechanism is used
Freely it is placed on the rotary drive mechanism in by the valve to be processed on the stock shelf.
Using this technique and equipment, half precision grinding process between the corase grind of engine valve stem and fine grinding can be saved, and
Polishing process is may be omitted with, and to the roughness requirements reduction of last fine grinding together, it is possible to reduce finishing wheel is repaired
The frequency extension wheel life, so as to also reduce the cost of finishing wheel.Further, since the price of centerless grinder can be higher than use
In the price of the microstoning equipment of engine valve stem;And the emery wheel price consumed in centerless grinding disappears in being also far above superfinishing
The oilstone price of consumption;Therefore technique of the invention and equipment significantly reduce production cost, and improve processing efficiency.
Specific embodiment
It should be understood by one skilled in the art that the content being discussed herein is only the description to one exemplary embodiment,
It is not meant to limit the extensive scheme of comparing of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of the equipment for implementing engine valve stem microstoning technique of the invention.As schemed
Shown, the equipment includes frame(It is not shown), feed mechanism 1, discharging mechanism 2, oilstone mechanism 3, drive oilstone mechanism 3 reciprocal straight
The linear actuating device of line motion, the rotating driving device 5 that is rotated of valve 4 and control and regulation oilstone is driven to apply
The pressure exerting arrangement 6 of the pressure size being added on valve stem to be processed.
In the present embodiment, drive the rotating driving device 5 that is rotated of valve 4 include two backing roll 5a and
5b, not to be in the mood for processing mode driving, the direction of rotation of the two backing rolls 5a, 5b and speed all same, rotating speed is, for example,
300rpm.In superfinishing process, valve 4 is supported on the two backing rolls and is rotated with it by rolling friction.Valve 4
Rotating speed depend on backing roll 5a, 5b rotating speed and engine valve stem diameter and supporting roller diameter between ratio.In addition, described
By such as motor-driven rotation, this is for a person skilled in the art known to backing roll, be will not be repeated here.Should phase
When, it is also possible to valve is clamped on rotary drive mechanism using fixture is rotated with it.
In the present embodiment, feed mechanism 1 for example includes stock shelf 1a, the first backgauge cylinder 1b and the second backgauge cylinder
1c, multiple valves to be processed are arranged on stock shelf 1a.As illustrated, do not need feeding when, the first backgauge cylinder 1b and
Second backgauge cylinder 1c is in backgauge position and has a valve 4 therebetween.When needing feeding, make the first backgauge cylinder
1b is in release position, and the second backgauge cylinder 1c is in backgauge position, at this moment positioned at the first backgauge cylinder 1b and the second backgauge
Valve between cylinder 1c can be slipped between backing roll 5a, 5b automatically.Then, the first backgauge cylinder 1b is made to be in backgauge position
Put, the second backgauge cylinder 1c is in release position, at this moment a valve 4 can be slipped to the first backgauge cylinder from feeding groove
It is stand-by between 1b and the second backgauge cylinder 1c, the second backgauge cylinder 1c is returned to backgauge position.When needing feeding again
When, repeat said process.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, the feed mechanism that can also take other form such as clamping device,
For Working position valve being clamped to from deposit position between backing roll 5a, 5b.
As shown in Fig. 2 when being processed, valve 4 is by two backing rolls 5a, 5b and is arranged in backing roll(Also may be used
To say, valve 4)The position-limit mechanism 10 of axial both sides position, position-limit mechanism 10 is used in the process of engine valve stem
Anti- air-stop gate it is axially displaced.
In the present embodiment, oilstone mechanism 3 includes oilstone frame 3a and oilstone 3b mounted thereto, drives oilstone mechanism 3
The linear actuating device (not shown) of linear reciprocating motion includes ball-screw and servomotor, and the drive shaft of servomotor passes through
Shaft coupling is connected with ball-screw, and ball-screw is connected with oilstone frame 3a and ball-screw is by servomotor drive shaft
Rotary motion be converted to oilstone frame 3b and and then oilstone 3b linear reciprocating motion.But it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that,
Other suitable linear actuating device such as pinion and racks can be used, as long as it can turn the rotary motion of motor
Change oilstone linear reciprocating motion into, be then encompassed by the scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, oilstone is the strip bonded abrasive tool being made of abrasive material and bonding agent etc., and the composition of oilstone has white firm
Jade, carborundum etc., consider to select the oilstone for product based on different product requirement and to the cost performance of oilstone.In this hair
In bright one embodiment, the oilstone that material is white fused alumina, the mesh of granularity 1000 to 6000 such as 3000 mesh is used.But ability
Field technique personnel should be understood that this also covered in this hair also dependent on the oilstone needed using other suitable materials and granularity
In bright protection domain.
In addition, in the present invention, the pressure exerting arrangement 6 for adjusting oilstone pressure size is hydraulic cylinder or cylinder, for example can be by
0.5bar-4bar is arrived in the pressure regulation that oilstone is applied to engine valve stem 8.But according to specific needs, it is also possible to arrive pressure regulation
Other numerical value beyond the scope, this is also within the scope of the present invention.
Advantageously, above-mentioned finish machining equipment is additionally provided with lubricating oil applying mechanism 7, for grinding lubricating oil to be ejected into
Machined surface, for engine valve stem 8 and oilstone to be lubricated and cooled down.This lubricating oil applying mechanism 7 is common this area,
Repeat no more herein.
It is to move away the valve 4 for completing finishing, being additionally provided with makes the backing roll 5a and 5b point of mechanism's (not shown) opened, from
And make on the discharging mechanism 2 that the valve 4 for processing dropped to below backing roll 5a and 5b, then answer backing roll 5a and 5b
Position, the valve that will be processed is transferred to desired position, discharging mechanism 2 then is returned into filling position by discharging mechanism 2,
For preparing to receive next valve for processing.
Fig. 3 shows another embodiment for carrying out the equipment of microstoning to engine valve stem of the invention.At this
In embodiment, four backing rolls 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d, the direction of rotation of these backing rolls and rotating speed all same are provided with, processed
Cheng Zhong, can support a valve 4 between each two backing roll, an oilstone mechanism and phase can be provided with each two backing roll
The arrangement and previous embodiment of the drive device of pass, pressure exerting arrangement, feed mechanism and discharging mechanism, these mechanisms and device
It is similar, it is possible to which that the number according to backing roll is accordingly changed, for the sake of clarity, do not draw all in figure 3.Each just quilt
The valve 4 of processing mode as shown in Figure 2 is positioned.Using the microstoning equipment shown in Fig. 3, can be simultaneously to three valves
Bar portion be processed, substantially increase operating efficiency.It should be appreciated that in the present invention, being set as to the finishing shown in Fig. 1
Standby modification, can provide three backing rolls, five backing rolls or other suitable number of backing rolls, and correspondingly increase oil
Stone mechanism and corresponding related drive device, pressure exerting arrangement, feed mechanism and discharging mechanism etc..
The superfinishing process of engine valve stem is illustrated below with reference to Fig. 1.First, the first backgauge cylinder 1b is opened,
And the second backgauge cylinder 1c is in backgauge position, valve 4 to be processed is set to be tumbled into two backing rolls along the feeding groove of stock shelf
Between 5a and 5b.Next, backing roll 5a and 5b for example drive valve 4 to rotate rotationally clockwise in same direction, make
The rotating speed of valve 4 is maintained at 1500rpm to 3500rpm, and preferably valve rotating speed is 2000rpm to 3000rpm.Make oilstone 3b with oil
Stone frame 3a moves to f positions from e positions, is then pressed in the presence of pressure exerting arrangement 6 and oilstone and valve stem in oilstone 3b
It is 0.5bar-4bar that portion contacts and keeps pressure;While pressurization, grinding lubricating oil is passed through into lubricating oil applying mechanism 7
For example nozzle is applied on the machined surface of engine valve stem, is played a part of to lubricate and is cooled down;Rotated by above-mentioned speed in valve 4
Meanwhile, make oilstone 3b keep pressure be 0.5bar-4bar with oilstone frame 3a along the centerline direction of engine valve stem with 100mm/
The speed of s to 1000mm/s, preferably 200mm/s to 600mm/s is moved back and forth at least twice, such as 3-8 times.
As shown in figure 4, because valve 4 is rotation, and oilstone is linearly moved back and forth, rotary motion and past
The superposition of linear motion causes that oilstone forms attrition process on the face of cylinder of engine valve stem, so as to improve engine valve stem
Roughness and circularity.After above-mentioned microstoning is carried out to engine valve stem, the roughness of engine valve stem is easily reached
Ra0.12, circularity can improve 0.001-0.002, i.e. final engine valve stem circularity can reach 0.002-0.003.
After the completion of engine valve stem microstoning, such as backing roll 5b can move right, and (or another backing roll 5a can be to
Move left), make the gap between two backing rolls 5a and 5b more than engine valve stem diameter, valve falls between the gap through two backing rolls
Fall on such as receiver of discharging mechanism 2, receiver is turned left and move to unloading position b, in the valve that removal is processed
After product, the receiver is returned to filling position a, while backing roll 5a resets, repeat to act above, start next product
Processing.But can also use other discharging mechanisms such as clamping device, the valve that will be processed to be directly clamping to out from backing roll
Material mouth.
It should be appreciated that due to the difference of valve size, material and product roughness requirements, different processing can be selected to join
Number and oilstone.For example in one embodiment of the invention, oilstone used is the mesh of white fused alumina oilstone granularity 3000, valve steel
It is the EMS1/EMS247 materials in the material standard of Eton, to the valve product of bar footpath 5.8mm, valve rotating speed can be used
2400rpm, oilstone pressure 1.1-1.4bar, preferably 1.3bar, oilstone axial reciprocating 4 times, reciprocating speed 200mm/s.Gained is thick
Below rugosity Ra0.12, circularity 0.002-3, processing beat 10s.Due to valve product difference in size, material and roughness requirements
It is widely different, so above machined parameters scope can be exceeded at different conditions.Such as need to reduce processing beat raising efficiency, can make
Make 3 rolls and process 2 equipment of product simultaneously;3 equipment of product of more such as 4 Roller Machinings even can be increased,
Processing beat can be reduced at double, and efficiency will be multiplied.
Herein, " processing beat " refers to the time needed for processing a product, and microstoning of the invention is set
For standby, i.e., from valve, meter discharges to receiver in b positions since the first backgauge cylinder 1b is opened into backing roll 5a and 5b
Untill required time be 10s;In other words, in discharging opening, a production is had out per 10s.
The technique for carrying out microstoning to valve using oilstone, valve rotation in process, oilstone is along engine valve stem axle
Line direction moves back and forth to be pressurizeed on oilstone simultaneously and valve is processed.Valve rotation speed, oilstone move back and forth speed and
Number of times and oilstone pressure can set according to the size of different product, material and roughness requirements.
In the case of without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can make to the present invention
These and other change and change, this has done in appended claims and has more specifically illustrated.It should also be appreciated that different
The many aspects of embodiment completely or partially can be replaced mutually.Additionally, it will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art that above
Explanation it is only exemplary, limit will not be constituted to the present invention that is further described in appended claims
System.