CN104168480B - Intra-prediction code mode fast selecting method based on HEVC standard - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of intra-prediction code mode fast selecting method based on HEVC standard, mainly solve the problems, such as in existing HEVC standard that intra-prediction code mode selection complexity is high, the scramble time is long.Implementation step is：1) a series of basic coding units, and travel direction prediction successively are divided an image into；2) optimization model weighting function value f is calculatedmAnd merge threshold value T, and according to both magnitude relationships, judge whether to merge basic coding unit, ask for optimal prediction modes；3) optimal prediction modes tried to achieve are counted, and according to its regularity of distribution, treats and ask optimal prediction modes directly to be chosen, or tried to achieve after predictive mode is selected, optimal prediction modes are selected from predictive mode to be selected.The present invention reduces computational complexity, shortens the scramble time while compression of images performance is kept, the Intra prediction mode selection that can be used in all video compression coding ends based on HEVC standard.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital signal processing technique field, it is related to the predictive coding mould in digital image video compressed encoding
Formula system of selection, the intraframe predictive coding process that can be used in H.265/HEVC video standard.
Background technology
Newest compression of digital video coding standard HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) was in 2013 1
Final draft is issued the moon, and has realized its target initially formulated, i.e., relative to top grade H.264/AVC in code efficiency
It is secondary to double.In order to realize this target, HEVC employs many newest Coding Compression Algorithms, such as more flexible coding
Unit CU structures, finer prediction direction.However, these high performance compression algorithms are improving the same of compression coding efficiency
When, also cause that the corresponding computational complexities of HEVC are increased dramatically.
HEVC still continues to use the hybrid encoding frame used in H.264/AVC standard：Treat successively coded image carry out it is pre-
Survey coding, transition coding and entropy code.Wherein, predictive coding needs to select optimal CU structures, and selects each in CU
The predictive mode of predicting unit PU.In this process, predictive coding needs that optimal PU is chosen by traveling through all situations is pre-
Survey pattern and CU structures.
Wherein, the predictive mode of PU has 35 kinds, including direct current DC patterns, plane Planar patterns and 33 kinds of directions
Pattern.The process carries out coarse mode selection first, that is, calculate the SATD cost functions of every kind of predictive mode, and therefrom selects
The n kind candidate patterns of Least-cost, wherein n values are determined by the size of PU：When the size of PU blocks is 4 × 4 or 8 × 8, n is 8；
For 16 × 16,32 × 32 or 64 × 64 when, n is 3.Then, according to RDO cost functions from n kinds candidate pattern and most possible mould
The optimization model of Least-cost is selected in formula MPM.
The SATD cost function expression formulas are：SatdCost=SATD+ λpre×Bpre, wherein SATD be to original image with it is pre-
Altimetric image residual error carries out the absolute value sum of coefficient after hadamard conversion, λpreIt is Lagrange coefficient, BpreIt is present encoding mould
The code stream length of formula；RDO cost function expression formulas are：RdCost=SSD+ λmod×Bmod, wherein SSD is that original image is schemed with reconstruction
The quadratic sum of aberration value, λmodIt is Lagrange coefficient, BmodIt is the code stream length of current coding mode.
And the selection process of CU structures, then it is to be divided since 64 × 64 maximum coding unit LCU, it is divided into always most
Big depth, division and the prediction case of every individual sub- CU are traveled through by recursive call, and obtain every optimal RDO costs letter of sub- CU
Numerical value RDcost.The optimal RDcost sums of this four sub- CU are compared with the optimal RDcost before dividing, are chosen wherein
The minimum dividing condition of RDcost values is used as optimal dividing.
Because each piece of LCU will travel through all of dividing condition, and each division will travel through all of prediction feelings
Condition, therefore, it is very high with the computation complexity of optimal PU predictive modes to try to achieve optimal CU quad-tree structures, greatly reduces
The code efficiency of HEVC.
The content of the invention
Deficiency it is an object of the invention to be directed to above-mentioned prior art, proposes a kind of infra-frame prediction based on HEVC standard
The fast selecting method of coding mode, to reduce the complexity of HEVC intra-prediction code modes selection, reduces the scramble time, and
While coding efficiency is ensured, the efficiency of compressed encoding is lifted.
Realizing the object of the invention technical scheme is：By optimizing the quad-tree partition process of CU structures, CU structures are carried out
Quick selection, reduces CU layer choosings and selects the required time；Meanwhile, it is right according to the statistics of optimal prediction modes in CU structures
The predictive mode of PU structures is estimated, reduces PU layer choosings and select the required time.Specific steps include as follows：
(1) image to be encoded is divided into a series of 64 × 64 maximum coding unit LCU；
(2) each maximum coding unit LCU is divided into the basic coding unit BCU of 256 4 × 4 successively；
(3) the zig-zag orders used according to HEVC standard are predicted to each basic coding unit BCU successively, ask
Its optimal prediction modes is taken, and judges current basic coding unit BCU for whether the 4N basic coding unit BCU sets up, its
Middle N is integer, if so, step (4) is then performed, otherwise, continuation is predicted to next basic coding unit BCU；
(4) optimization model weighting function value f is definedmAnd merging threshold value T is：
fm=Nmi×4M
T=(10-M) × (MD+M-4)/2- (Dr-M+4)-(QP ＞ ＞ 4), wherein M are variable, and initial value is 0, miFor preceding
4MThe most predictive mode of access times, N in individual basic coding unit BCUmiIt is miPreceding 4MMake in individual basic coding unit BCU
Number of times, MD is maximum division depth, and Dr is and preceding 4MIndividual basic coding unit BCU it is adjacent and to the left with top
The average value of the division depth in basic coding unit BCU, QP is quantization parameter；
(5) by optimization model weighting function value fmIt is compared with threshold value T is merged, if fm>=T, then merge preceding 4MIt is individual basic
Coding unit BCU, and perform step (6)；If fm＜ T, then before 4MThe amalgamation result of individual basic coding unit BCU is used as optimal
Coding unit CU quad-tree structures, and return to step (3) is predicted to next basic coding unit BCU；
(6) judgeWhether set up, if not, then perform step (7)；If so, then directly choose modei
As optimal prediction modes, and perform step (10)；
(7) N is judgedmWhether ＜ (((5-M) ＞ ＞ 2+1) ＜ ＜ 2) sets up, wherein NmIt is preceding 4MIndividual basic coding unit BCU
The species number of the middle predictive mode for using, if not, then perform step (8)；If so, then skip regulation in HEVC standard
SATD rougher process, directly use preceding 4MThe predictive mode travel direction used in individual basic coding unit BCU is predicted, asked
The rate distortion costs value RDcost of every kind of predictive mode is solved, and therefrom chooses the minimum patterns of rate distortion costs value RDcost and made
It is optimal prediction modes, then performs step (10)；
(8) judgeWhether set up, wherein mjIt is and preceding 4MIndividual basic coding unit BCU is adjacent and to the left
The predictive mode most with access times in the basic coding unit BCU of top, NjIt is predictive mode mjPreceding 4MIndividual basic coding
Access times in unit B CU, if not, then perform step (9)；If so, then directly choose mjAs optimum prediction mould
Formula, and perform step (10)；
(9) with preceding 4MIn individual basic coding unit BCU using to predictive mode distance be 2 pattern as waiting to select
Predictive mode, and optimal prediction modes are selected from these predictive modes to be selected, and perform step (10)；
(10) compare M values withSize, ifThen M takes M+1 and return to step (5), ifThen return to step (3), are predicted to next basic coding unit BCU.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：
First, present invention optimizes the CU structure ergodic processes in HEVC, and on this basis to the quaternary tree of CU structures
Partition process is quickly selected, and improves optimal coding unit CU quad-tree structure efficiencies of selection.
Second, the statistics according to optimal prediction modes in CU structures of the invention, the predictive mode to PU units is carried out
Estimate, so that reducing PU layer choosings selects the required time, improve the efficiency of selection of predictive mode.
3rd, the present invention reduces HEVC frame ins pre- by reducing the complexity that HEVC intra-prediction code modes are selected
The scramble time is surveyed, the efficiency of compressed encoding is improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 realizes general flow chart for of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the sub-process figure that optimal prediction modes selection is realized in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Intra-prediction code mode high-speed decision algorithm based on HEVC standard proposed by the present invention, be to it is existing H.265/
The improvement of Intra prediction mode selection technology in HEVC standard,
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Reference picture 1, it is of the invention to realize that step is as follows：
Step 1, obtains basic coding unit BCU：
Image to be encoded 1a) is divided into a series of maximum coding unit LCU of 64 × 64 pixels；
Each maximum coding unit LCU 1b) is divided into 256 basic coding unit BCU of 4 × 4 pixels successively.
Step 2, basic coding unit BCU is processed according to zig-zag orders successively.
2a) the zig-zag orders used according to HEVC standard are predicted to each basic coding unit BCU successively, ask
Take its optimal prediction modes；
Current basic coding unit BCU 2b) is judged for whether the 4N basic coding unit BCU sets up, and wherein N is whole
Number, if so, step 3 is then performed, otherwise, continuation is predicted to next basic coding unit BCU.
Step 3, calculates optimization model weighting function value fmAnd merge threshold value T：
3a) defined variable M, and it is 0 to assign initial value；
3b) count preceding 4MThe predictive mode used in individual basic coding unit BCU, and it is most to obtain wherein access times
Predictive mode mi；
3c) count predictive mode miPreceding 4MAccess times N in individual basic coding unit BCUmi；
3d) set according to HEVC coding parameters, obtain the division depth MD of maximum；
3e) set according to HEVC coding parameters, obtain quantization parameter QP；
3f) count and preceding 4MIndividual basic coding unit BCU it is adjacent and to the left with the basic coding unit BCU of top
In division depth, and calculate depth-averaged value Dr；
Optimization model weighting function value f 3g) is calculated respectivelymWith merging threshold value T：
fm=Nmi×4M
T=(10-M) × (MD+M-4)/2- (Dr-M+4)-(QP ＞ ＞ 4).
Step 4, compares optimization model weighting function value fmWith the size for merging threshold value T, if fm>=T, then merge preceding 4MIndividual base
This coding unit BCU, and perform step 5；If fm＜ T, then before 4MThe amalgamation result of individual basic coding unit BCU is used as optimal
Coding unit CU quad-tree structures, and return to step 2, continuation is predicted to next basic coding unit BCU.
Step 5, judgesWhether set up, if not, then perform step 6；If so, then directly choose prediction
Mode miAs optimal prediction modes, and perform step 10.
Step 6, calculates and compares preceding 4MThe predictive mode species number used in individual basic coding unit BCU：
6a) count preceding 4MThe species number N of the predictive mode used in individual basic coding unit BCUm；
6b) judge NmWhether ＜ (((5-M) ＞ ＞ 2+1) ＜ ＜ 2) sets up, if not, then perform step 7；If so,
Then perform step 8.
Step 7, calculates and judges to use most predictive modes in the basic coding unit BCU of left side and top：
7a) statistics and preceding 4MIndividual basic coding unit BCU it is adjacent and to the left with the basic coding unit BCU of top in
The predictive mode for using, and obtain the most predictive mode m of wherein access timesj；
7b) statistical forecasting models mjPreceding 4MAccess times N in individual basic coding unit BCUj；
7b) judgeWhether set up, if not, then perform step 9；If so, then directly choose mjAs
Optimal prediction modes, and perform step 10.
Step 8, the past 4MOptimal prediction modes are chosen in the predictive mode used in individual basic coding unit BCU：
Preceding 4 8a) are used successivelyMIn individual basic coding unit BCU using to predictive mode image is predicted successively,
Conversion, quantization, entropy code, obtain the corresponding code length B of every kind of predictive modeRk；
Preceding 4 8b) are used successivelyMIn individual basic coding unit BCU using to predictive mode image is predicted successively,
Conversion, quantization, inverse quantization, inverse transformation, and reconstruction image is obtained, calculate the error sum of squares SSE of reconstruction image and original imagek；
8c) according to step 8a) and step 8b) result of calculation, using rate distortion costs value specified in HEVC standard
RDcost definitions, calculate the rate distortion costs value of every kind of predictive mode：
RDcostk=SSEk+λR×BRk,
Wherein, λRIt is Lagrange coefficient；
8d) according to step 8c) result of calculation, choose the minimum pattern of rate distortion costs value RDcost as optimum prediction
Pattern, then performs step 9.
Step 9, with preceding 4MIn individual basic coding unit BCU using to predictive mode distance be 2 pattern as treating
Selection predictive mode, and select optimal prediction modes from predictive mode to be selected.
Reference picture 2, this step is implemented as follows：
9a) image is predicted using every kind of predictive mode to be selected successively and obtains prediction residual Dn；
9b) successively to the prediction residual D of every kind of predictive mode to be selectednCarry out Hadamard conversion, and after calculating conversion
The absolute value and SATD of coefficientn；
The code length estimate of every kind of predictive mode to be selected 9c) is tried to achieve using algorithm for estimating specified in HEVC standard
BSn；
9d) according to step 9b) and result of calculation 9c), using SATD cost function values specified in HEVC standard
The definition of SATDcost, the cost function value to every kind of predictive mode to be selected is calculated as below：
SATDcostn=SATDn+λS×BSn,
Wherein,
9e) according to step 9d) result of calculation, SATD cost function values are selected from predictive mode to be selected
SATDcost minimum preceding n kinds as candidate modes, wherein, the value of n is relevant with the size of prediction block：If size is 4
× 4 or 8 × 8, then n is 8；If size is 16 × 16,32 × 32 or 64 × 64, n are 3；
9f) image is predicted successively using candidate modes successively, is converted, quantified, entropy code, obtain every kind of pre-
The corresponding code length B of survey patternRm；
9g) image is predicted successively using candidate modes successively, is converted, quantified, inverse quantization, inverse transformation, and
Reconstruction image is obtained, and calculates the error sum of squares SSE of reconstruction image and original imagem；
9h) according to step 9f) and result of calculation 9g), using rate distortion costs value RDcost specified in HEVC standard
Definition, calculates the rate distortion costs value of every kind of candidate modes：
RD costm=SSEm+λR×BRm；
9i) according to step 9h) result of calculation, rate distortion costs value RDcost is selected from candidate modes are treated most
Small predictive mode then performs step 10 as optimal prediction modes.
Step 10, compare M values withSize, ifThen M takes M+1, and calculates optimization model weight
Functional value fmWith merge threshold value T, be then returned to step 4；IfThen return to step 2, continue to next basic volume
Code unit B CU is predicted.
Above description is only example of the present invention, does not constitute any limitation of the invention.Obviously for
For one of skill in the art, after present invention and principle has been understood, all may be without departing substantially from the principle of the invention, structure
In the case of, various amendments and the change in form and details are carried out, but these are based on the amendment and change of inventive concept
Still within claims of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of intra-prediction code mode fast selecting method based on HEVC standard, comprises the following steps：
(1) image to be encoded is divided into a series of 64 × 64 maximum coding unit LCU；
(2) each maximum coding unit LCU is divided into the basic coding unit BCU of 256 4 × 4 successively；
(3) the zig-zag orders used according to HEVC standard are predicted to each basic coding unit BCU successively, ask for it
Optimal prediction modes, and current basic coding unit BCU is judged for whether the 4N basic coding unit BCU sets up, wherein N is
Integer, if so, step (4) is then performed, otherwise, continuation is predicted to next basic coding unit BCU；
(4) optimization model weighting function value f is definedmAnd merging threshold value T is：
fm=Nmi×4M
T=(10-M) × (MD+M-4)/2- (Dr-M+4)-(QP>>4), wherein M is variable, and initial value is 0, miIt is preceding 4MIndividual base
The most predictive mode of access times, N in this coding unit BCUmiIt is miPreceding 4MWhat is used in individual basic coding unit BCU is secondary
Number, MD is maximum division depth, and Dr is and preceding 4MIndividual basic coding unit BCU it is adjacent and to the left with the basic volume of top
The average value of the division depth in code unit B CU, QP is quantization parameter；
(5) by optimization model weighting function value fmIt is compared with threshold value T is merged, if fm>=T, then merge preceding 4MIndividual basic coding
Unit B CU, and perform step (6)；If fm<T, then before 4MThe amalgamation result of individual basic coding unit BCU is used as optimal coding
Unit CU quad-tree structures, and return to step (3), are predicted to next basic coding unit BCU；
(6) judgeWhether set up, if not, then perform step (7)；If so, then directly choose miAs optimal
Predictive mode, and perform step (10)；
(7) N is judgedm<(((5-M)>>2+1)<<2) whether set up, wherein NmIt is preceding 4MUsed in individual basic coding unit BCU and arrived
Predictive mode species number, if not, then perform step (8)；If so, then skip SATD specified in HEVC standard thick
Process is selected, preceding 4 are directly usedMThe predictive mode travel direction used in individual basic coding unit BCU is predicted, solved every kind of
The rate distortion costs value RDcost of predictive mode, and the minimum patterns of rate distortion costs value RDcost are therefrom chosen as optimal pre-
Survey pattern, then performs step (10)；
(8) judgeWhether set up, wherein NjIt is mjPreceding 4MAccess times in individual basic coding unit BCU, mjFor
With preceding 4MIndividual basic coding unit BCU is adjacent and most with access times in the basic coding unit BCU of top to the left
Predictive mode, if not, then perform step (9)；If so, then directly choose mjAs optimal prediction modes, and perform step
Suddenly (10)；
(9) with preceding 4MIn individual basic coding unit BCU using to predictive mode distance for 2 pattern as treat selection prediction
Pattern, and optimal prediction modes are selected from these predictive modes to be selected, and perform step (10)；
(10) compare M values withSize, ifThen M takes M+1 and return to step (5), if
Then return to step (3), are predicted to next basic coding unit BCU.
2. the intra-prediction code mode fast selecting method based on HEVC standard according to claim 1, wherein step
(7) the rate distortion costs value RDcost for solving every kind of predictive mode described in, is the rate distortion according to specified in HEVC standard
Cost value RDcost definitions are calculated as below to every kind of predictive mode：
RDcostk=SSEk+λR×BRk,
Wherein, SSEkIt is to use predictive mode mkThe reconstruction image and the error sum of squares of original image obtained after being predicted, λRFor
Lagrange coefficient, BRkIt is to use predictive mode mkThe volume be predicted successively to image, converted, quantified, obtained after entropy code
Code length.
3. the intra-prediction code mode fast selecting method based on HEVC standard according to claim 1, wherein step
(9) optimal prediction modes are selected from these predictive modes to be selected described in, is predicted according to specified in HEVC standard
Mode selecting method, chooses optimal prediction modes from predictive mode to be selected, and step is as follows：
(9a) definition of SATD cost function values SATDcost according to specified in HEVC standard is treated selection predictive mode and is entered
Row is calculated as below：
SATDcostn=SATDn+λS×BSn,
Wherein, SATDnIt is to using predictive mode mnThe prediction residual obtained after being predicted carries out coefficient after Hadamard conversion
Absolute value and,BSnIt is the mode m tried to achieve using algorithm for estimating specified in HEVC standardnCorresponding coding length
Degree estimate；
(9b) selects SATD cost function values SATDcost according to the result of calculation of step (9a) from predictive mode to be selected
Minimum preceding n kinds as candidate modes, wherein, the value of n is relevant with the size of prediction block：If size be 4 × 4 or 8 ×
8, then n is 8；If size is 16 × 16,32 × 32 or 64 × 64, n are 3；
(9c) rate distortion costs value RDcost definitions according to specified in HEVC standard, every kind of candidate modes are carried out as
Lower calculating：
RDcostm=SSEm+λR×BRm,
Wherein, SSEmIt is to use predictive mode mmThe reconstruction image and the error sum of squares of original image obtained after being predicted, λRFor
Lagrange coefficient, BRmIt is to use predictive mode mmThe volume be predicted successively to image, converted, quantified, obtained after entropy code
Code length；
(9d) selects rate distortion costs value RDcost minimum according to the result of calculation of step (9c) from candidate modes are treated
Predictive mode as optimal prediction modes.
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| CN105812795B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2019-02-12 | 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 | A kind of determination method and apparatus of the coding mode of maximum coding unit |
| CN106131546B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-12-18 | 王靖韬 | A method of determining that HEVC merges and skip coding mode in advance |
| CN106131548B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-12-25 | 同观科技（深圳）有限公司 | A kind of selection method and device of intra prediction mode |
| US10715827B2 (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2020-07-14 | Mediatek Inc. | Multi-hypotheses merge mode |
| CN106899850B (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2020-08-14 | 北方工业大学 | HEVC intra-frame prediction method and device based on SATD |
| CN108696749A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-23 | 北京君正集成电路股份有限公司 | A kind of mode selecting method and device improving image coding quality |
| CN110213594A (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2019-09-06 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | For the method, apparatus of intraframe coding, frame encoder, frame coded system and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN112866711B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-10-21 | 北京博雅慧视智能技术研究院有限公司 | Mode decision circuit in video coding |
| CN114640849B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2024-03-12 | 广州方硅信息技术有限公司 | Live video encoding method, device, computer equipment and readable storage medium |
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