CN104165832B - The wireless measurement device of a kind of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration and method - Google Patents
The wireless measurement device of a kind of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the wireless measurement device of a kind of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, including magnetic control shooting granule, magnetic control driver element, reception of wireless signals unit, Digiplex and graphics processing unit.Magnetic control shooting granule has coupled shooting and wireless signal transmission receive capabilities is placed in three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, it is similar to intrasystem aspherical particle in shape and size, magnetic control shooting granule had both made random motion in gas-solid flow field, moved to target area again under the control of magnetic control driver element；Magnetic control shooting photographic head within granule is utilized to scan and absorb the distributed intelligence of bed around；Finally, picture signal transmits the wireless signal receive-transmit system to its exterior by wireless transmission mode, obtains granule density through image procossing.The measuring method of the present invention and device can obtain inside bed distribution of particles information intuitively under random motion and magnetic control motor pattern, have the advantages such as noiseless, the real-time online measuring of stream field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless measurement method and the device of a kind of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, belong to technical field of multiphase flow measurement.
Background technology
The dense gas-solid system the most especially field such as chemical industry and energy source and power has a very wide range of applications.In these application processes, solid material does not contain only spheroidal particle, and containing aspherical particle, such as solid waste rotary kiln combustion gasification, biomass straw fluidized bed combustion, spherical/aspherical particle mixture fluidisation sorting etc..Obviously, either physical treatment course, or chemical reaction process, mass transfer, heat transfer and momentum transmission between material are all extremely important, directly affects process efficiency and product quality.Granule density is an important parameter of reaction transmittance process.
The measuring method of granule density can be generally divided into direct method and indirect method.Modal direct method is exactly fast sampling method, and its Basic practice is: sampler is inserted bed, closes the sampler space suddenly and obtains solid particle, then, is taken out by sampler, opens the sampler space, analyzes the granule collected and can obtain granule density.The advantage of the method is the particle specimens that can directly collect impact point, but shortcoming is it is also obvious that sampler stream field has interference effect, target measurement region to be limited by sampled point.Along with computer technology and the development of advanced image processing techniques, the camera method directly obtaining particle image have also been obtained extensively application, camera method is possible not only to record the spatial variations of granule density, granule density change in time scale can also be obtained, shortcoming is the two-dimensional signal that the spatial information of granule density is limited only to container wall, due to blocking of dense system solid particle, for the but helpless of the information within bed.
Multi-disciplinary mixing together promotes the fast development of indirect method, and indirect method based on different principle occurs in succession, as based on tonometric differential pressure method, radioactive method based on lonizing radiation technology, capacitance method based on capacitance chromatographic/flat board probe.Differential pressure method extrapolates granule density indirectly by upstream and downstream pressure differential and particle weight, and therefore, this granule density is the tranquil granule density of bed regional area, the not actual concentrations of certain point.When X or gamma-rays are emitted through bed, solid particle can absorb X or gamma-rays, and the transmitted intensity after transmission is proportional to bed concentration, and the radioactive method developed based on this principle must be noted that the safety issue of radioactive substance, and tests apparatus expensive.Capacitance chromatographic method not interference flowing field, but spatial resolution is relatively low, and to make it measure scope limited, and electric capacity flat board probe method can go deep into its concentration of bed internal measurement, but capacitance probe stream field disturbance is bigger.
Analyzed from above, at present the measurement technology of routine generally exist interference flowing field, be only capable of obtaining apparent information, can not the problem such as real-time online measuring, in the urgent need to developing a kind of new measuring method, to overcome the defect of conventional measurement technology.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention is directed to the granule density measurement apparatus meeting interference flowing field of routine, direct granule density information can not be extracted, part measuring method can only obtain apparent two-dimensional signal, can not realize three-dimensional whole field and measure, part measuring method is only applicable to static measurement, can not realize the problems such as on-line real time monitoring, it is provided that the wireless measurement device of a kind of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration and method.
Technical scheme: for solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides the wireless measurement device of a kind of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, including magnetic control shooting granule, magnetic control driver element, reception of wireless signals unit, Digiplex and graphics processing unit, wherein:
Described magnetic control shooting granule is arranged at the inside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, the size of the aspherical particle within its size gas-solid system dense with three-dimensional is close, described magnetic control shooting granule includes transparent shell, the kernel passage coaxially arranged with described transparent shell, sliding passage between transparent shell and described kernel passage, it is arranged at the image unit of described sliding channel interior, it is arranged at the wireless signal control unit of described kernel channel interior and is arranged in the internal control electric magnet at two ends within transparent shell, described internal control electric magnet is common electric magnet；
Described magnetic control driver element is circular layout in the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, for regulating and controlling the magnetic field within the dense gas-solid system of described three-dimensional；
Described reception of wireless signals unit is arranged at the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system and electrically connects with described graphics processing unit, for receiving the wireless signal from magnetic control shooting granule；
Described Digiplex is arranged at the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, and described Digiplex is current controller, adjusts the electromagnetic force of internal control electric magnet for sending the electric current of control signal change electric magnet to magnetic control shooting granule；
Described graphics processing unit is arranged in the outside at dense gas-solid system, for analyzing and processing each an action shot of magnetic control shooting granule shooting, thus obtains the concentration of granule.
Wherein, described image unit includes annular magnet, expansion ring, light emitting diode, photographic head, convex lens and concavees lens, wherein, described annular magnet and expansion ring are arranged in described sliding passage from lagoon island in concentric circles, described convex lens and concavees lens alternate intervals are arranged on described expansion ring, described light emitting diode and photographic head are alternately disposed on annular magnet, and described light emitting diode faces concavees lens, and described photographic head faces convex lens；Annular magnet described in described internal control magnet control and expansion ring motion in sliding passage, when the internal control work of electromagnet of side, expansion ring and annular magnet move to it with the speed of 2～5mm/s, when the internal control work of electromagnet of opposite side, expansion ring and annular magnet move to opposite side with the speed of 2～5mm/s.
Described wireless signal control unit includes being sequentially arranged in the imageing sensor of described kernel channel interior, compression memory module, signal controller, wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus and power supply, and described power supply is energy needed for the shooting granule offer work of whole magnetic control.The analogue signal obtained from image unit is converted into digital signal by imageing sensor, and compresses through overcompression memory module, and the signal after compression, under the control of signal controller, sends signal by wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus to outside.It is placed in the reception of wireless signals unit outside three-dimensional dense gas-solid system and Digiplex and is placed between magnetic control shooting wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus within granule and passes through transmission of wireless signals.
Described magnetic control driver element is circular layout in the outside of dense gas-solid system by 3～5 set driving means, often set driving means includes electric magnet, chain, drive sprocket, driven sprocket, motor, converter and controller, wherein, described drive sprocket and driven sprocket horizontal interval are arranged, chain is connected with two sprocket wheels respectively, when drive sprocket rotates, chain is around sprocket；Described electric magnet is arranged on the top of chain, is connected with controller, and along with chain moves together, described controller is current controller, changes the magnetic force of electric magnet by controlling electric current；Described motor is joined directly together with drive sprocket, and drives drive sprocket to rotate；Described motor is connected with converter, and described converter is for controlling the rotating speed of motor and turning to.
The detailed process of each an action shot of described graphics processing unit analyzing and processing magnetic control shooting granule shooting is:
With pure red curtain as fixed background, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting background photo, it is thus achieved that background pictures is at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)R , G, , B(x, y)=(R, G, B)；
In the same context, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting to be placed on the still photo of every kind of granule on red curtain, determine the optimal threshold T of every kind of granule by analyzing histogrammic methodi, i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n is total particle number；
Obtain an action shot at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)r , g, , b(x, y)=(r, g, b), subtract each other the chromatic value of background pictures and an action shot point of individual element line by line, if the absolute value sum of the difference of 3 components is not less than threshold value Ti, then retain this pixel chromatic value, otherwise this point is set to (0,0,0), i.e. black；
Image after subtracting each other first is expanded the Morphological scale-space process of post-etching, with minuscule hole in filler particles, connects adjacent particles and smooth boundary；
Add up the pixel number N that every kind of granule occupies in an action shot respectivelyi, i=1,2 ..., n, n are total number of particles, it is thus achieved that the concentration value C of target particlesi=Ni/ M, M are total pixel numbers of an action shot.
For the ease of making, the shape of magnetic control shooting granule typically can be chosen as cylindric, the big I of magnetic control shooting granule is determined in the following way: select the granule 50 of regular shape～100 from material to be detected, add up average diameter d of these granules, then the diameter of magnetic control shooting granule can be 0.9d～1.5d, and the length of magnetic control shooting granule then can select 50～about 80mm.
The invention allows for the application utilizing said apparatus in the wireless measurement of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) from aspherical particle material to be detected, the material in regular cylindrical shape is selected, the average diameter adding up described cylindric material is designated as d, making columned magnetic control shooting granule makes its diameter range at 0.9d～1.5d, and it puts into together with unclassified stores system；
(2) under random motion pattern, magnetic control shooting granule acts as random motion under gas-solid flow field effect with other granules one, and shoots the image of neighboring particles, during shooting, by the flexible Focussing realizing photographic head of expansion ring；
(3) under magnetic control motor pattern, magnetic control driver element coordinates to control movement and the change of electromagnetic force of multiple electric magnet, magnetic control shooting granule is made to move in system to arbitrary target region, in desired target area, signal controller makes the image unit within granule move in granule with the speed of 2～5mm/s by changing the magnetic force of internal control electric magnet, scan and absorb circumgranular image, simultaneously, by coordinating to control the electromagnetic force of internal control electric magnet, it is achieved magnetic control shooting granule is in three-dimensional rotation；
(4) send signal after the analogue signal obtained from image unit is converted into digital signal compression by reception of wireless signals cell processing to outside, then process acquisition granule density through graphics processing unit.
In above-mentioned steps, described image unit includes annular magnet, expansion ring, light emitting diode, photographic head, convex lens and concavees lens, wherein, described annular magnet and expansion ring are arranged in described sliding passage from lagoon island in concentric circles, described convex lens and concavees lens alternate intervals are arranged on described expansion ring, described light emitting diode and photographic head are alternately disposed on annular magnet, and described light emitting diode faces concavees lens, and described photographic head faces convex lens；Annular magnet described in described internal control magnet control and expansion ring motion in sliding passage, when the internal control work of electromagnet of side, expansion ring and annular magnet move to it with the speed of 2～5mm/s, when the internal control work of electromagnet of opposite side, expansion ring and annular magnet move to opposite side with the speed of 2～5mm/s.
Described wireless signal control unit includes being sequentially arranged in the imageing sensor of described kernel channel interior, compression memory module, signal controller, wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus and power supply, and described power supply is energy needed for the shooting granule offer work of whole magnetic control；The analogue signal obtained from image unit is converted into digital signal by the imageing sensor of reception of wireless signals unit, and compresses through overcompression memory module, and the signal after compression, under the control of signal controller, sends signal by wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus to outside.
Described magnetic control driver element is circular layout in the outside of dense gas-solid system by 3～5 set driving means, often set driving means includes electric magnet, chain, drive sprocket, driven sprocket, motor, converter and controller, wherein, described drive sprocket and driven sprocket horizontal interval are arranged, chain is connected with two sprocket wheels respectively, when drive sprocket rotates, chain is around sprocket；Described electric magnet is arranged on the top of chain, is connected with controller, and along with chain moves together, described controller is current controller, changes the magnetic force of electric magnet by controlling electric current；Described motor is joined directly together with drive sprocket, and drives drive sprocket to rotate；Described motor is connected with converter, and described converter is for controlling the rotating speed of motor and turning to.
Wherein, the detailed process of each an action shot of described graphics processing unit analyzing and processing magnetic control shooting granule shooting is:
With pure red curtain as fixed background, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting background photo, it is thus achieved that background pictures is at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)R , G, , B(x, y)=(R, G, B)；Wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and R represents the pixel value of redness, and G represents the pixel value of green, and B represents the pixel value of blueness；
In the same context, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting to be placed on the still photo of every kind of granule on red curtain, determine the optimal threshold T of every kind of granule by analyzing histogrammic methodi, i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n is total particle number；
Obtain an action shot at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)r , g, , b(x, y)=(r, g, b), wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and r represents the pixel value of redness, and g represents the pixel value of green, and b represents the pixel value of blueness；The pixel value of background pictures and an action shot point of individual element line by line is subtracted each other, if the absolute value sum of the difference of 3 components is not less than threshold value Ti, then retain this pixel chromatic value, otherwise this point is set to (0,0,0), i.e. black；
Image after subtracting each other first is expanded the Morphological scale-space process of post-etching, with minuscule hole in filler particles, connects adjacent particles and smooth boundary；
Add up the pixel number N that every kind of granule occupies in an action shot respectivelyi, i=1,2 ..., n, n are total number of particles, it is thus achieved that the concentration value C of target particlesi=Ni/ M, wherein M is total pixel number of an action shot.
Beneficial effect: compared with conventional granule density measuring method and device, present invention have the advantage that:
(1) stream field is noiseless: traditional measuring method is directly protruding into bed internal acquisition concentration information by sampling tube or probe, owing to measurement apparatus disturbs gas-solid flow field, thus unavoidably cause measurement error, and measurement apparatus is miniaturized and is integrated in inside granule by the present invention, for simulating aspherical particle and participating in whole flow process, although the aspherical particle of integrated micro measurement apparatus directly contacts with material particles, but this is naturally to contact between the granule and granule produced due to Gas-particle Flows, and the contacting of non-measured equipment and material, there is not interference flowing field problem；
(2) inside distribution of particles information intuitively can be obtained: although traditional camera method obtains direct distribution of particles image, but this information is confined to the region near the wall of container limit, and due to wall effect, can not the internal deeper information of actual response container, and present invention improves over the screening-mode of tradition camera method, photographic head is placed in inside aspherical particle, granule motion path can be traveled through and accurately absorb the concentration information within bed；
(3) energy real-time online measuring: in order to interference flowing field does not obtains the concentration information within bed, the measuring method being partially improved is by rear sampling and measuring out of service for bed, typical such as dynamic gas disengagement, the method is a kind of typical off-line measurement method, present invention improves over the wire signal transmission mode of tradition camera method, use wireless transmission method that container internal particle information is sent the receptor to external container, overcome traditional measurement process and need the drawback of layout data line, it is not only acquisition concentration inside information and creates condition, and achieve real-time online measuring；
(4) can be dual mode operated: conventional measuring method is extremely restricted in measurement scope, such as measurement based on probe/probe, can only measure at limited fixing point, such as visualization measurement based on video camera, can only measure at limit wall transparent region, and the measuring method of the present invention can be run by any switching laws under random motion pattern and magnetic control motor pattern, measurement apparatus is measured while can making random motion in airflow field, it is possible under the control of outside magnetic control means, specific target areas is carried out specific aim measurement；
(5) bimodal style of shooting: conventional camera method photographic head often is fixed on outside bed body in the face of transparent region shoots, style of shooting is single, image information is unilateral, and the photographic head of the present invention is possible not only to be fixed on some shooting on magnetic control shooting granule, and can move axially along granule, absorbing more particle information around by the way of scanning, this bimodal style of shooting is greatly enriched image information.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the magnetic control shooting granule of the present invention, wherein: internal control electric magnet 1, transparent shell 2, sliding passage 3, convex lens 4, concavees lens 5, photographic head 6, light emitting diode 7, imageing sensor 8, compression memory module 9, controller 10, wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus 11, power supply 12, kernel passage 13；
Fig. 2 is the generalized section of the magnetic control shooting granule of the present invention, Qi Zhongyou: transparent shell 2, convex lens 4, photographic head 6, light emitting diode 7, kernel passage 13, expansion ring 14, annular magnet 15；Wherein, photographic head is represented；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the magnetic control driver element of the present invention, Qi Zhongyou: drive sprocket 16, driven sprocket 17, chain 18, electric magnet 19, motor 20, converter 21, controller 22；
Fig. 4 is the overall schematic of the wireless measurement device of the three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration of the present invention, Qi Zhongyou: magnetic control shooting granule 23, three-dimensional dense gas-solid system 24, magnetic control driver element 25, reception of wireless signals unit 26, graphics processing unit 27 and Digiplex 28.
Detailed description of the invention
nullThe invention provides wireless measurement device and the method for a kind of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration，Wherein，The structure of said apparatus is as shown in figures 1-4，Including cylindrical magnetic control shooting granule 23、Magnetic control driver element 25、Reception of wireless signals unit 26、Digiplex 28 and graphics processing unit 27，Wherein，Magnetic control shooting granule 23 is arranged at the inside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system，The size of the aspherical particle within its size gas-solid system dense with three-dimensional is close，Including transparent shell 2、The kernel passage 13 coaxially arranged with transparent shell 2、Sliding passage 3 between transparent shell 2 and kernel passage 13、It is arranged at the image unit within sliding passage 3、It is arranged at the wireless signal control unit within kernel passage 13 and is arranged in the internal control electric magnet 1 (being common electric magnet) at two ends within transparent shell 2.Image unit includes annular magnet 15, expansion ring 14, light emitting diode 7 (shown in figure middle short line), photographic head 6 (shown in figure middle or long line), convex lens 4 (shown in figure middle or long line) and concavees lens 5 (shown in figure middle short line), wherein, annular magnet 15 and expansion ring 14 are arranged in sliding passage 3 the most in concentric circles, convex lens 4 and concavees lens 5 alternate intervals are arranged on expansion ring 14, light emitting diode 7 and photographic head 6 are alternately disposed on annular magnet 15, light emitting diode 7 faces concavees lens 5, photographic head 6 faces convex lens 4；Internal control electric magnet 1 controls annular magnet 15 and the expansion ring 14 motion in sliding passage 3, when the internal control electric magnet 1 of side works, expansion ring 14 and annular magnet 15 move to it with the speed of 2～5mm/s, when the internal control electric magnet 1 of opposite side works, expansion ring 14 and annular magnet 15 move to opposite side with the speed of 2～5mm/s.
Magnetic control driver element 25 is circular layout in the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, including electric magnet with for controlling the Magnetic Control unit of electric magnet magnetic force size.Reception of wireless signals unit 26 is arranged at the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system and electrically connects with graphics processing unit 27.Wireless signal control unit includes the imageing sensor 8 (single chip CMOS imager) being sequentially arranged within kernel passage 13, compression memory module 9 (ADV-JP2000), signal controller 10, wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus 11 and power supply 12, wherein, signal controller 10 includes a risc processor and a bluetooth core, wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus 11 includes an emitter and a receptor, power supply 12 provides energy needed for work for whole magnetic control shooting granule 23, the analogue signal obtained from image unit is converted into digital signal by imageing sensor 8, and through overcompression memory module 9, signal is compressed, signal after compression through signal controller 10 control under, utilize bluetooth to pass through wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus 11 and send signal to outside.
Magnetic control driver element 25 is circular layout in the outside of dense gas-solid system by 3～5 set driving means, often set driving means includes electric magnet 19, chain 18, drive sprocket 16, driven sprocket 17, motor 20, converter 21 and controller 22, wherein, drive sprocket 16 and driven sprocket 17 horizontal interval are arranged, chain 18 is connected with two sprocket wheels respectively, when drive sprocket 16 rotates, chain 18 is around sprocket；Electric magnet 19 is arranged on the top of chain 18, is connected with controller 22, and along with chain 18 moves together, controller 22 is current controller, changes the magnetic force of electric magnet 19 by controlling electric current；Motor 20 is joined directly together with drive sprocket 16, and drives drive sprocket 16 to rotate；Motor 20 is connected with converter 21, and converter 21 controls the rotating speed of motor 20 and turns to.Wherein, described controller can be any common current controller.
Digiplex 28 is arranged at the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, adjusts the electromagnetic force of internal control electric magnet 28 for sending the electric current of control signal change electric magnet to magnetic control shooting granule 23；Graphics processing unit 27 is arranged in the outside at dense gas-solid system, for analyzing and processing each an action shot of magnetic control shooting granule 23 shooting, thus obtains the concentration of granule.
In actual application, the big I of magnetic control shooting granule is determined in the following way: select regular shape granule 50～100 from material to be detected, add up average diameter d of these granules, then the diameter of magnetic control shooting granule can be 0.9d～1.5d, and the length of magnetic control shooting granule then can select 50～about 80mm.
Following specific embodiment is implemented under premised on the technical program, gives detailed embodiment and operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
This enforcement, for rotary kiln solid waste pyrolytic process contrived experiment device, for measuring the mixability of solid thermophore and solid waste, is embodied as step as follows:
The granule of 50 shapes more rule is selected from solid waste, a diameter of 20mm of 50 granules of statistics, selecting cylindrical aspherical particle as the shape of magnetic control shooting granule, rotary kiln is (three-dimensional dense gas-solid system) diameter 500mm, long 1500mm.Using lucite to make transparent shell, external diameter is 22mm, and height is 60mm, a diameter of 8mm of kernel passage.Expansion ring and annular magnet being arranged in transparent shell with concentric circular fashion, expansion ring is in outer ring, and annular magnet is at inner ring.The width of expansion ring and annular magnet is respectively 3mm, 5 convex lenss and 5 concavees lens (a diameter of 3mm, consistent with the width of expansion ring) it is evenly arranged on expansion ring, 5 light emitting diodes and photographic head (a size of 3mm) are evenly arranged on annular magnet, light emitting diode faces concavees lens, photographic head faces convex lens, both of which concentrically ringed diametrically.The Focussing of 5 photographic head is all by the flexible realization of expansion ring.Two internal control electric magnet (being common electromagnet) are arranged in the two ends of transparent shell, after the internal control electric magnet of side is energized, expansion ring and annular magnet move to it with the speed of 3mm/s, after the internal control electric magnet of opposite side is energized, expansion ring and annular magnet move to opposite side with the speed of 3mm/s.Imageing sensor (single chip CMOS imager), compression memory module (ADV-JP2000), signal controller (including risc processor and bluetooth core), wireless transferring and receiving apparatus (including emitter and receptor) and power supply it is sequentially arranged in the kernel passage of magnetic control shooting granule.The analogue signal obtained from photographic head is converted into digital signal by imageing sensor, and compresses through overcompression memory module, and the signal after compression, under the control of signal controller, sends signal by wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus to outside.Needed for magnetic control shooting particles work, energy is provided by power supply.
Circumference at rotary kiln is evenly arranged 3 set magnetic control driving means, and often set driving means is mainly made up of electric magnet, chain, sprocket wheel, motor, converter (ABB converter-ACS550) and current controller (LUO JIANG759C current controller).Often set driving means builds in the following manner: by horizontally disposed with the distance of rotary kiln length to drive sprocket and driven sprocket, be connected with two sprocket wheels respectively by chain simultaneously, installs electric magnet on the top of chain, and electric magnet is connected with controller；Motor is joined directly together with drive sprocket, motor is connected with converter simultaneously.During work, control turning to and rotating speed of motor respectively by changing the output parameter of converter, control the size of electric current by controller thus control the magnetic force of electric magnet.By Mobile electromagnetic ferrum and change electromagnetic force, it is achieved magnetic control shooting granule is in three-dimensional translation, by changing electric magnet and the electromagnetic force of internal control electric magnet simultaneously, it is achieved magnetic control shooting granule is in three-dimensional rotation.
Reception of wireless signals unit is arranged in the outside of rotary kiln, for receiving the signal that magnetic control shooting granule sends, and send data to graphics processing unit, pass through Digiplex magnetic control shooting granule in dense gas-solid system simultaneously and send control signal, for adjusting the electromagnetic force being respectively arranged the internal control electric magnet in magnetic control shooting granule two ends, making camera array move in sliding passage, scanning magnetic control images circumgranular distribution of particles.
Graphics processing unit is arranged in the outside of rotary kiln, for analyzing and processing each an action shot of magnetic control shooting granule shooting, detailed process is: with pure red curtain as fixed background, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting background photo, obtain background pictures at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)R , G, , B(x, y)=(R, G, B)；In the same context, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting to be placed on the still photo of every kind of granule on red curtain, determine the optimal threshold T of every kind of granule by analyzing histogrammic methodi, i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n is total particle number；Obtain an action shot at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)r , g, , b(x, y)=(r, g, b), subtract each other the chromatic value of background pictures and an action shot point of individual element line by line, if the absolute value sum of the difference of 3 components is not less than threshold value Ti, then retain this pixel chromatic value, otherwise this point is set to (0,0,0), i.e. black；Image after subtracting each other first is expanded the Morphological scale-space process of post-etching, with minuscule hole in filler particles, connects adjacent particles and smooth boundary；Add up the pixel number N that every kind of granule occupies in an action shot respectivelyi, i=1,2 ..., n, it is thus achieved that the concentration value C of target particlesi=Ni/ M, M are total pixel numbers of an action shot.
Embodiment 2
This enforcement, for biomass fluidization bed combustion boiler contrived experiment device, for measuring the mixability of bed and biomass, is embodied as step as follows:
From biomass straw granule, select the granule of 80 shapes more rule and add up the diameter of granule, for 20mm, designing fluid bed a size of 400mm × 400mm.Using lucite to make transparent shell, external diameter is 18mm, and height is 50mm, a diameter of 5mm of kernel passage.Expansion ring and annular magnet being arranged in transparent shell with concentric circular fashion, expansion ring is in outer ring, and annular magnet is at inner ring.The width of expansion ring and annular magnet is 3mm, 3 convex lenss and 3 concavees lens are evenly arranged on expansion ring, the size of convex lens and concavees lens is 3mm, consistent with the width of expansion ring, 3 light emitting diodes and photographic head (a size of 3mm) are evenly arranged on annular magnet, light emitting diode faces concavees lens, and photographic head faces convex lens, both of which concentrically ringed diametrically.The Focussing of 3 photographic head is all by the flexible realization of expansion ring.Two columned internal control electric magnet are arranged in the two ends of transparent shell, after the internal control electric magnet of side is energized, expansion ring and annular magnet move to it with the speed of 3mm/s, and after the internal control electric magnet of opposite side is energized, expansion ring and annular magnet move to opposite side with the speed of 3mm/s.Imageing sensor (single chip CMOS imager), compression memory module (ADV-JP2000), signal controller (risc processor and bluetooth core), wireless transferring and receiving apparatus (emitter and receptor) and power supply it is sequentially arranged in the kernel passage of magnetic control shooting granule.The analogue signal obtained from photographic head is converted into digital signal by imageing sensor, and compresses through overcompression memory module, and the signal after compression, under the control of signal controller, sends signal by wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus to outside.Needed for magnetic control shooting particles work, energy is provided by power supply.
Circumference at fluid bed is evenly arranged 3 set magnetic control driving means, and often set driving means is mainly made up of electric magnet, chain, sprocket wheel, motor, converter (ABB converter-ACS550) and current controller (LUO JIANG759C current controller).Often set driving means builds in the following manner: by horizontally disposed with the distance of rotary kiln length to drive sprocket and driven sprocket, be connected with two sprocket wheels respectively by chain simultaneously, installs electric magnet on the top of chain, and electric magnet is connected with controller；Motor is joined directly together with drive sprocket, motor is connected with converter simultaneously.During work, control turning to and rotating speed of motor respectively by changing the output parameter of converter, control the size of electric current by controller thus control the magnetic force of electric magnet.By Mobile electromagnetic ferrum and change electromagnetic force, it is achieved magnetic control shooting granule is in three-dimensional translation, by changing electric magnet and the electromagnetic force of internal control electric magnet simultaneously, it is achieved magnetic control shooting granule is in three-dimensional rotation.
Reception of wireless signals unit is arranged in the outside of fluid bed, for receiving the signal that magnetic control shooting granule sends, and send data to graphics processing unit, pass through Digiplex magnetic control shooting granule in dense gas-solid system simultaneously and send control signal, for adjusting the electromagnetic force being respectively arranged the internal control electric magnet in magnetic control shooting granule two ends, making camera array move in sliding passage, scanning magnetic control images circumgranular distribution of particles.
Graphics processing unit is arranged in the outside of fluid bed, for analyzing and processing each an action shot of magnetic control shooting granule shooting, detailed process is: with pure red curtain as fixed background, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting background photo, obtain background pictures at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)R , G, , B(x, y)=(R, G, B), wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and R represents the pixel value of redness, and G represents the pixel value of green, and B represents the pixel value of blueness；In the same context, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting to be placed on the still photo of every kind of granule on red curtain, determine the optimal threshold T of every kind of granule by analyzing histogrammic methodi, i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n is total particle number；Obtain an action shot at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)r , g, , b(x, y)=(r, g, b), wherein, x is abscissa, y is vertical coordinate, and r represents the pixel value of redness, and g represents the pixel value of green, b represents the pixel value of blueness, is subtracted each other by the chromatic value of background pictures and an action shot point of individual element line by line, if the absolute value sum of the difference of 3 components is not less than threshold value Ti, then retaining this pixel chromatic value, otherwise this point is set to (0,0,0), i.e. black；Image after subtracting each other first is expanded the Morphological scale-space process of post-etching, with minuscule hole in filler particles, connects adjacent particles and smooth boundary；Add up the pixel number N that every kind of granule occupies in an action shot respectivelyi, i=1,2 ..., n, it is thus achieved that the concentration value C of target particlesi=Ni/ M, M are total pixel numbers of an action shot.
Claims (8)
1. the wireless measurement device of a three-dimensional dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, it is characterized in that, including magnetic control shooting granule (23), magnetic control driver element (25), reception of wireless signals unit (26), Digiplex (28) and graphics processing unit (27), wherein:
Described magnetic control shooting granule (23) is arranged at the inside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, described magnetic control shooting granule (23) includes cylindrical transparent housing (2), the kernel passage (13) coaxially arranged with described transparent shell (2), sliding passage (3) between transparent shell (2) and described kernel passage (13), it is arranged at the image unit that described sliding passage (3) is internal, it is arranged at the internal wireless signal control unit of described kernel passage (13) and is arranged in the internal control electric magnet (1) at the internal two ends of transparent shell (2)；
Described magnetic control driver element (25) is circular layout in the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, for regulating and controlling the magnetic field within the dense gas-solid system of described three-dimensional；
Described reception of wireless signals unit (26) is arranged at the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system and electrically connects with described graphics processing unit (27), for receiving the wireless signal from magnetic control shooting granule (23)；
Described Digiplex (28) is arranged at the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, adjusts the electromagnetic force of internal control electric magnet (1) for sending the electric current of control signal change electric magnet to magnetic control shooting granule (23)；
Described graphics processing unit (27) is arranged in the outside of three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, is used for analyzing and process each an action shot that magnetic control shooting granule (23) shoots, thus obtains the concentration of granule
;
Wherein, described image unit includes annular magnet (15), expansion ring (14), light emitting diode (7), photographic head (6), convex lens (4) and concavees lens (5), wherein, described annular magnet (15) and expansion ring (14) are arranged in described sliding passage (3) the most in concentric circles, described convex lens (4) and concavees lens (5) alternate intervals are arranged on described expansion ring (14), described light emitting diode (7) and photographic head (6) alternate intervals are arranged on annular magnet (15), described light emitting diode (7) faces concavees lens (5), described photographic head (6) faces convex lens (4)；Described internal control electric magnet (1) controls described annular magnet (15) and the expansion ring (14) motion in sliding passage (3), when the internal control electric magnet (1) of side works, expansion ring (14) and annular magnet (15) move to it with the speed of 2～5mm/s, when the internal control electric magnet (1) of opposite side works, expansion ring (14) and annular magnet (15) move to opposite side with the speed of 2～5mm/s.
The wireless measurement device of three-dimensional the most according to claim 1 dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, it is characterized in that, described wireless signal control unit includes being sequentially arranged in the imageing sensor (8) that described kernel passage (13) is internal, compression memory module (9), signal controller (10), wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus (11) and power supply (12), wherein, described imageing sensor (8) converts analog signals into digital signal, described digital signal compresses through overcompression memory module (9), signal after compression is under the control of signal controller (10), by wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus (11) to outside transmission signal；Described power supply (12) is that whole magnetic control shooting granule (23) provides energy needed for work.
The wireless measurement device of three-dimensional the most according to claim 1 dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, it is characterized in that, described magnetic control driver element (25) includes 3～5 set driving means, it is arranged in the outside of dense gas-solid system ringwise, often set driving means includes electric magnet (19), chain (18), drive sprocket (16), driven sprocket (17), motor (20), converter (21) and controller (22), wherein, described drive sprocket (16) and driven sprocket (17) horizontal interval are arranged, chain (18) is connected with two sprocket wheels respectively, when drive sprocket (16) rotates, chain (18) is around sprocket；Described electric magnet (19) is arranged on the top of chain (18), it is connected with controller (22), and along with chain (18) moves together, described controller (22) is current controller, changes the magnetic force of electric magnet (19) by controlling electric current；Described motor (20) is joined directly together with drive sprocket (16), and drives drive sprocket (16) to rotate；Described motor (20) is connected with converter (21), and described converter (21) is used for controlling the rotating speed of motor (20) and turning to.
The wireless measurement device of three-dimensional the most according to claim 1 dense gas-solid system aspherical particle concentration, it is characterised in that the detailed process of each an action shot of described graphics processing unit analyzing and processing magnetic control shooting granule shooting is:
With pure red curtain as fixed background, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting background photo, it is thus achieved that background pictures is at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)R , G , B(x, y)=(R, G, B)；Wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and R represents the pixel value of redness, and G represents the pixel value of green, and B represents the pixel value of blueness；
In the same context, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting to be placed on the still photo of every kind of granule on red curtain, determine the optimal threshold T of every kind of granule by analyzing histogrammic methodi, i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n is total particle number；
Obtain an action shot at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)r , g , b(x, y)=(r, g, b), wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and r represents the pixel value of redness, and g represents the pixel value of green, and b represents the pixel value of blueness；The pixel value of background pictures and an action shot point of individual element line by line is subtracted each other, if the absolute value sum of the difference of 3 components is not less than threshold value Ti, then retain this pixel chromatic value, otherwise this point is set to (0,0,0), i.e. black；
Image after subtracting each other first is expanded the Morphological scale-space process of post-etching, with minuscule hole in filler particles, connects adjacent particles and smooth boundary；
Add up the pixel number N that every kind of granule occupies in an action shot respectivelyi, i=1,2 ..., n, n are total number of particles, it is thus achieved that the concentration value C of target particlesi=Ni/ M, wherein M is total pixel number of an action shot.
5. the device utilized described in claim 1 method of wireless measurement aspherical particle concentration in three-dimensional dense gas-solid system, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) from aspherical particle material to be detected, the material in regular cylindrical shape is selected, the average diameter adding up described cylindric material is designated as d, making columned magnetic control shooting granule makes its diameter range at 0.9d～1.5d, and it puts into together with unclassified stores system；
(2) under random motion pattern, magnetic control shooting granule acts as random motion under gas-solid flow field effect with other granules one, and shoots the image of neighboring particles, during shooting, by the flexible Focussing realizing photographic head of expansion ring；
(3) under magnetic control motor pattern, magnetic control driver element coordinates to control movement and the change of electromagnetic force of multiple electric magnet, magnetic control shooting granule is made to move in system to arbitrary target region, in desired target area, signal controller makes the image unit within granule move in granule with the speed of 2～5mm/s by changing the magnetic force of internal control electric magnet, scan and absorb circumgranular image, simultaneously, by coordinating to control the electromagnetic force of internal control electric magnet, it is achieved magnetic control shooting granule is in three-dimensional rotation；
(4) send signal after the analogue signal obtained from image unit is converted into digital signal compression by reception of wireless signals cell processing to outside, then process acquisition granule density through graphics processing unit.
Method the most according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described wireless signal control unit includes being sequentially arranged in the internal imageing sensor (8) of described kernel passage (13), compression memory module (9), signal controller (10), wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus (11) and power supply (12), and described power supply (12) is that whole magnetic control shooting granule (23) provides energy needed for work；The analogue signal obtained from image unit is converted into digital signal by imageing sensor (8), and compresses through overcompression memory module, and the signal after compression, under the control of signal controller, sends signal by wireless signal transferring and receiving apparatus to outside.
Method the most according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described magnetic control driver element (25) is circular layout in the outside of dense gas-solid system by 3～5 set driving means, often set driving means includes electric magnet (19), chain (18), drive sprocket (16), driven sprocket (17), motor (20), converter (21) and controller (22), wherein, described drive sprocket (16) and driven sprocket (17) horizontal interval are arranged, chain (18) is connected with two sprocket wheels respectively, when drive sprocket (16) rotates, chain (18) moves around sprocket wheel (16)；Described electric magnet (19) is arranged on the top of chain (18), it is connected with controller (22), and along with chain (18) moves together, described controller (22) is current controller, changes the magnetic force of electric magnet (19) by controlling electric current；Described motor (20) is joined directly together with drive sprocket (16), and drives drive sprocket (16) to rotate；Described motor (20) is connected with converter (21), and described converter (21) is used for controlling the rotating speed of motor (20) and turning to.
Method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the detailed process of each an action shot of described graphics processing unit analyzing and processing magnetic control shooting granule shooting is:
With pure red curtain as fixed background, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting background photo, it is thus achieved that background pictures is at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)R , G , B(x, y)=(R, G, B)；Wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and R represents the pixel value of redness, and G represents the pixel value of green, and B represents the pixel value of blueness；
In the same context, use magnetic control shooting granule shooting to be placed on the still photo of every kind of granule on red curtain, determine the optimal threshold T of every kind of granule by analyzing histogrammic methodi, i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n is total particle number；
Obtain an action shot at coordinate (x, pixel value f y)r , g , b(x, y)=(r, g, b), wherein, x is abscissa, and y is vertical coordinate, and r represents the pixel value of redness, and g represents the pixel value of green, and b represents the pixel value of blueness；The pixel value of background pictures and an action shot point of individual element line by line is subtracted each other, if the absolute value sum of the difference of 3 components is not less than threshold value Ti, then retain this pixel chromatic value, otherwise this point is set to (0,0,0), i.e. black；
Image after subtracting each other first is expanded the Morphological scale-space process of post-etching, with minuscule hole in filler particles, connects adjacent particles and smooth boundary；
Add up the pixel number N that every kind of granule occupies in an action shot respectivelyi, i=1,2 ..., n, n are total number of particles, it is thus achieved that the concentration value C of target particlesi=Ni/ M, wherein M is total pixel number of an action shot.
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