CN104163115A - Energy management method for composite energy storage system for vehicle - Google Patents
Energy management method for composite energy storage system for vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN104163115A CN104163115A CN201410371931.2A CN201410371931A CN104163115A CN 104163115 A CN104163115 A CN 104163115A CN 201410371931 A CN201410371931 A CN 201410371931A CN 104163115 A CN104163115 A CN 104163115A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to an energy management method for a composite energy storage system for a vehicle. The method comprises the first step of judging whether the composite energy storage system is in a charging state or a discharging state according to the working condition of the vehicle at the moment k+1, the second step of detecting the voltage Vsc(k) of a super-capacitor bank at the moment k when the composite energy storage system is in the charging state, and comparing the voltage Vsc(k) of the super-capacitor bank with the full voltage Vsc-max of the super-capacitor bank, the third step of recovering regenerative braking energy generated in the vehicle braking process to the super-capacitor bank when Vsc(k)<Vsc-max, and recovering the regenerative braking energy to a battery pack when Vsc(k)=Vsc-max, and the fourth step of distributing output power of the super-capacitor bank and output power of the battery pack at the moment k+1 according to the voltage of the super-capacitor bank at the moment k, the current of the battery pack at the moment k and the power required by the whole vehicle at the moment k+1 when the composite energy storage system is in the discharging state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of energy management method of automobile-used composite energy storage system, relate in particular to a kind of energy management method of used in new energy vehicles composite energy storage system.
Background technology
Along with increasing the weight of of energy shock and environmental pollution, new-energy automobile is developed gradually, and has little by little come into people's life, and the research and development that many automobile vendors have strengthened new forms of energy cars drop into, and by modes such as exemplary operations, product are introduced to the market.But current, the new forms of energy car that the electronlmobil of take is representative is still endured query to the fullest extent, wherein the bottleneck due to battery technology to a great extent, current trend is to adopt lithium ion battery as the closed-center system of new-energy automobile, but the price of lithium ion battery is also higher, and power density is large not enough, in actual use, life-span is difficult to be guaranteed, and needs periodic replacement, can further increase the use cost of new-energy automobile like this.Undeniable, battery technology itself is also in the development of advancing by leaps and bounds, but its current level is still difficult to realistic engineering demand.
In order to address this problem, the concept of composite energy storage has been proposed in prior art, the closed-center system that is about to different qualities is combined in a system, and give full play to its advantage separately, in practical requirement, guarantee that each parts have good applying working condition, guarantee its service life.Wherein more typical scheme is that lithium ion battery and super capacitor are carried out to combination, lithium ion battery has the feature of macro-energy density, low power density, and super capacitor is just in time contrary, has higher power density, longer service life, but its energy density is lower.By the two combination, can guarantee that energy density, power density and the durability of composite energy storage system reaches requirement simultaneously.Certainly, this needs a rational energy distributing method to regulate and control the horsepower output of battery, super capacitor.
The configuration of composite energy storage system can be divided into three kinds of passive type, active and semi-active types.Directly by battery, super capacitor and bus parallel connection together, super capacitor plays the effect of low-pass filter battery is carried out to filtering passive type configuration, and it does not have control freedom degree, so super capacitor can not be fully used, and system works effect is general; Active configuration adopts two two-way DC/DC controllers, respectively by battery and super capacitor with bus decoupling zero, can carry out independent control to it, system has two control freedom degrees, good working effect, but its cost is higher; Semi-active type configuration adopt a two-way DC/DC controller by battery or super capacitor with bus decoupling zero, there is a control freedom degree, can realize most energy management methods, and guarantee the lower cost of system simultaneously.
But at present effectively by distributing the energy management method of power stage of battery, super capacitor still less.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, necessaryly provide a kind of energy management method of automobile-used composite energy storage system simply and effectively.
A kind of energy management method of automobile-used composite energy storage system, wherein, this composite energy storage system comprises battery pack parallel with one another and super capacitor group, and this energy management method comprises the following steps: according to vehicle, at k+1 mode of operation constantly, judge the charging and discharging state of this composite energy storage system; When this composite energy storage system is during in charge condition, detect described super capacitor group at k voltage V constantly
sc(k), and by the voltage V of this super capacitor group
sc(k) with the full piezoelectric voltage V of described super capacitor group
sc-maxcompare: work as V
sc(k) <V
sc-maxtime, the regenerating braking energy described car brakeing being produced is recycled to described super capacitor group, works as V
sc(k)=V
sc-maxtime, described regenerating braking energy is recycled to described battery pack; When this composite energy storage system is during in discharge regime, according to described super capacitor group at k voltage V constantly
sc(k), described battery pack is in k electric current I constantly
bat(k) and this vehicle at k+1 car load demand power P constantly
demand(k+1) distribute described super capacitor group and battery pack at k+1 horsepower output P constantly
bat(k+1), P
sc(k+1), specifically comprise the following steps: the electric current I that gathers the battery pack in composite energy storage system described in current k control cycle
batand the voltage V of described super capacitor group (k)
sc(k); Set up a system linearization model, this system linearization model is:
,
, wherein,
,
,
, parameter A
bat, A
sC, B
sC, B
bat, C
bat, C
sC, D
batfor constant, temporal evolution not, parameter K
bat(k), K
sc(k), K '
bat(k) temporal evolution, is respectively described equation
with the complement minor in a small amount of high-order after Taylor expansion in y, parameter S OC
batand SOC (k)
sc(k) be respectively described battery pack and super capacitor group at k state-of-charge constantly, P
batand P (k)
sc(k) be respectively described battery pack and super capacitor group at k horsepower output constantly; According to this system linearization model, dope the electric current I of the described battery pack of a following p control cycle
batand the voltage V of described super capacitor group (k+i|k)
sc(k+i|k), i=1 wherein, 2 ..., p; According to above-mentioned, predict the outcome, set up accumulative total cost equation:
, wherein, V
sc-reffor the VREF (Voltage Reference) of described super capacitor group, parameter w
1, w
2, w
3for non-negative weight coefficient; According to this accumulative total cost equation, try to achieve described battery pack at k+1 reference current value I constantly
bat-ref(k+1), wherein, reference current value I
bat-ref(k+1) be J hour described accumulative total cost equation calculate the current value of the battery pack obtaining, and according to this reference current value I
bat-ref(k+1), k+1 moment car load demand power P
demandand the k voltage E of described battery pack constantly (k+1)
bat(k) determine that described battery pack and super capacitor group are at k+1 horsepower output P constantly
bat(k+1), P
sc(k+1), wherein:
.
With respect to prior art, in the energy management method of the automobile-used composite energy storage system that the embodiment of the present invention provides, when the charging of described composite energy storage system, by detecting the voltage of described super capacitor group, be preferably described super capacitor group and charge, when electric discharge, by setting up described system linearization model, and according to the electric current of current battery pack, the voltage of super capacitor group carrys out the Changing Pattern of above-mentioned variable in a predict future p control cycle, utilize the data of above-mentioned prediction, for double optimization problem, solve, solving target is that the accumulation of described accumulative total cost equation in predetermined period is minimum, after solving, obtain optimum battery current output reference value, in conjunction with k+1 car load demand power constantly, determine that described battery pack and super capacitor group are at k+1 horsepower output constantly again.The method adds up cost by optimization, can optimize preferably the operating mode of described battery pack and super capacitor group, improves the life-span of described battery pack and super capacitor group, and then has reduced the described automobile-used Life Cost cycle that meets closed-centre system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The semi-active type composite energy storage system configuration schematic diagram that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The active composite energy storage system configuration schematic diagram that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The diagram of circuit of the energy management method of the automobile-used composite energy storage system that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Main element nomenclature
| Composite energy storage system | 100、200 |
| Battery pack | 10 |
| Super capacitor group | 20 |
| DC/DC controller | 30、30A、30B |
| Bus | 40 |
| Voltage sensor | 50 |
| System controller | 60 |
| Inverter | 70 |
| Motor | 80 |
The following specific embodiment further illustrates the present invention in connection with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments the energy management method of automobile-used composite energy storage system provided by the invention is described in further detail.
Refer to Fig. 1-3, the automobile-used composite energy storage system that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises battery pack parallel with one another and super capacitor group, and this energy management method comprises the following steps:
S1, at k+1 mode of operation constantly, judges the charging and discharging state of this composite energy storage system according to vehicle, when this composite energy storage system is during in charge condition, and execution step S2, and when this composite energy storage system is during in discharge regime, perform step S3;
S2, detects described super capacitor group at k voltage V constantly
sc(k), and by the voltage V of this super capacitor group
sc(k) with the full piezoelectric voltage V of described super capacitor group
sc-maxcompare: work as V
sc(k) <V
sc-maxtime, the regenerating braking energy described car brakeing being produced is recycled to described super capacitor group, works as V
sc(k)=V
sc-maxtime, described regenerating braking energy is recycled to described battery pack;
S3, according to described super capacitor group at k voltage V constantly
sc(k), described battery pack is in k electric current I constantly
bat(k) and this vehicle at k+1 car load demand power P constantly
demand(k+1) distribute described super capacitor group and battery pack at k+1 horsepower output P constantly
bat(k+1), P
sc(k+1), specifically comprise the following steps:
S31, gathers the electric current I of the battery pack in composite energy storage system described in current k control cycle
batand the voltage V of described super capacitor group (k)
sc(k);
S32, sets up a system linearization model, and this system linearization model can be used following the Representation Equation:
,
, wherein,
,
,
, parameter A
bat, A
sC, B
sC, B
bat, C
bat, C
sC, D
batfor constant, temporal evolution not, parameter K
bat(k), K
sc(k), K '
bat(k) temporal evolution, is respectively described equation
with the complement minor in a small amount of high-order after Taylor expansion in y, parameter S OC
batand SOC (k)
sc(k) be respectively described battery pack and super capacitor group at k state-of-charge constantly, P
batand P (k)
sc(k) be respectively described battery pack and super capacitor group at k horsepower output constantly;
S33, according to this system linearization model, dopes the electric current I of the described battery pack of a following p control cycle
batand the voltage V of described super capacitor group (k+i|k)
sc(k+i|k), i=1 wherein, 2 ..., p;
S34, predicts the outcome according to above-mentioned, sets up accumulative total cost equation:
, wherein, V
sc-reffor the VREF (Voltage Reference) of described super capacitor group, parameter w
1, w
2, w
3for non-negative weight coefficient;
S35, according to this accumulative total cost equation, tries to achieve described battery pack at k+1 reference current value I constantly
bat-ref(k+1), wherein, reference current value I
bat-ref(k+1) be J hour described accumulative total cost equation calculate the current value of the battery pack obtaining, and
S36, according to this reference current value I
bat-ref(k+1), k+1 moment car load demand power P
demandand the k voltage E of described battery pack constantly (k+1)
bat(k) determine that described battery pack and super capacitor group are at k+1 horsepower output P constantly
bat(k+1), P
sc(k+1), wherein:
.
This energy management method is applicable to the composite energy storage system that adopts battery pack and super capacitor group.This composite energy storage system can be active or semi-active type.Refer to Fig. 1, first embodiment of the invention provides a kind of semi-active type composite energy storage system 100, and this semi-active type composite energy storage system 100 comprises battery pack 10, super capacitor group 20, DC/DC controller 30, bus 40, voltage sensor 50, system controller 60, inverter 70 and motor 80.
Described battery pack 10 is directly parallel in bus 40.This battery pack 10 can comprise one or more battery cells.When comprising a plurality of battery cell, can be in parallel between the plurality of battery cell, series connection or connection in series-parallel, the power of output designs as required.The type of described battery cell can be selected as required, as being lithium ion battery.
Described super capacitor group 20 is parallel in described bus 40 with described battery pack 10, and described super capacitor group 20 is in parallel with described DC/DC controller 30, and is connected in parallel in described bus 40 by this DC/DC controller 30.This super capacitor group 20 can comprise one or more super capacitors, when comprising a plurality of super capacitor, and parallel connection, series connection or connection in series-parallel between the plurality of super capacitor, the power of output designs as required.Described DC/DC controller 30 is for regulating the horsepower output of described super capacitor group 20.In the embodiment of the present invention, this DC/DC controller 30 is two-way DC/DC controller.Described voltage sensor 50 can be used for detecting the voltage of described super capacitor group 20, and is transferred in described system controller 60.In addition, this voltage sensor 50 also can detect the voltage of described battery pack 10.Described system controller 60 distributes the target output of described battery pack 10 and super capacitor group according to the change of voltage of described battery pack 10 and super capacitor group 20.The electric current of 70 pairs of described battery pack 10 of described inverter and 20 outputs of super capacitor group is changed, and is transferred to described motor 80 and uses to offer vehicle.
Please further consult Fig. 2, second embodiment of the invention provides a kind of active composite energy storage system 200.The configuration of the configuration of this active composite energy storage system 200 and described semi-active type composite energy storage system 100 is basic identical, and difference is, this active composite energy storage system 200 comprises two DC/DC controller 30A and 30B.These two DC/DC controller 30A and 30B are in parallel with described battery pack 10 and super capacitor group 20 respectively, for controlling respectively the power stage of described battery pack 10 and super capacitor group 20.
In above-mentioned steps S1, can at k+1 mode of operation constantly, judge according to vehicle the charging and discharging state of described composite energy storage system.Particularly, when vehicle is at k+1 (P during constantly in driving condition
demand(k+1) >0), described composite energy storage system is just in discharge regime, as vehicle (P when k+1 brakes constantly
demand(k+1) <0), described composite energy storage system is just in charge condition.
In above-mentioned steps S2, described voltage V
sc(k) refer to the virtual voltage of the described super capacitor group constantly detecting in real time at k.Described full piezoelectric voltage V
sc-maxas the term suggests being this super capacitor group is full of the voltage after electricity.Vehicle can be collected the regenerated energy producing due to braking, thereby during in braking, this regenerated energy can be given to described composite energy storage system charging at vehicle, in embodiments of the present invention, preferentially gives described super capacitor group charging, as long as super capacitor is not full of (V
sc(k) be less than V
sc-max), just energy is all recycled to super capacitor group, after described super capacitor group is full of, more remaining regenerated energy is recycled to described battery pack, adopt the operation pressure that can effectively alleviate in this way described battery pack, and reduce as far as possible charge frequency and the charging current of described battery pack.
In above-mentioned steps S3, described car load demand power P
demand(k+1) refer to vehicle required power when k+1 drives constantly.
In above-mentioned steps S31, described k control cycle refers to the time period of the inventive method program operation, and this time period is very little, relevant with arithmetic and logic unit running velocity, is generally 10 several milliseconds.Above-mentioned parameter " (k) " refers to the parameter that in this k control cycle, a certain moment gathers.In the embodiment of the present invention, parameter " (k) " refers to the parameter that this k control cycle initial time gathers.Similarly, in the present invention's explanation, the parameter " (k+i) " of indication also has the implication of above-mentioned correspondence, does not repeat them here.In above-mentioned steps S32, described parameter A
bat, A
sC, B
sC, B
bat, C
bat, C
sC, D
batfor constant, those parameters are relevant with the capacitor's capacity of resistance value, capacity of cell and the described super capacitor group of described battery pack, super capacitor group, not temporal evolution.Described parameter S OC
batand SOC (k)
sc(k) scope is respectively 0% to 100%.
In above-mentioned steps S33, by p time respectively described in substitution system linearization model obtain the electric current I of the described battery pack of p p control cycle
batand the voltage V of described super capacitor group (k+i|k)
sc(k+i|k).
In above-mentioned steps S34, according to predicting the outcome in described step S33, set up described accumulative total cost equation J.This accumulative total cost equation comprises three parts, represented successively described battery pack current amplitude (
) size, described battery pack current squaring rate of change (
) and the voltage of described super capacitor group and the difference of its voltage reference value (
).This accumulative total cost equation has contained a kind of equilibrium relation; it both can reduce the discharge current of battery pack described in discharge process and the object that current changing rate reaches the work load that alleviates described battery pack (the front two parts by described accumulative total cost equation are realized); can avoid described super capacitor group to cross puts simultaneously; thereby in the time of can guaranteeing the voltage below level of described super capacitor group, described battery pack can provide abundant power to protect described super capacitor group (third part by described accumulative total cost equation realizes).Described parameter w
1, w
2, w
3for non-negative weight coefficient, its size has embodied the importance of Different Optimization target in cost equation.This parameter w
1, w
2, w
3can choose definite according to the different demands of energy management.If target is that as described in regulating, the electric current of battery pack tunes up parameter w compared with I
1value, if target is to keep the curent change of described battery pack less, can tune up parameter w
2value, if target makes described super capacitor group voltage deviation reference value less, can tune up parameter w
3value.In the embodiment of the present invention, regulate described parameter w
1, w
2, w
3above-mentioned three targets are kept in balance.
The VREF (Voltage Reference) V of described super capacitor group
sc-reffull piezoelectric voltage V with described super capacitor group
sc-maxratio be V
sc-safe: V
sc-max=0.4 ~ 0.6:1.Preferably, V
sc-safe: V
sc-max=0.5:1.
At above-mentioned steps S35, utilize the predicted data in described step S33, for double optimization problem, solve, solving target is the accumulation of described accumulative total cost equation in predetermined period minimum (being that J is minimum), can obtain optimum described battery pack at k+1 reference current value I constantly after solving
bat-ref(k+1).Utilize this reference current value I
bat-ref(k+1) follow-uply by described step S36, can obtain optimum described battery pack and super capacitor group at k+1 horsepower output P constantly
bat(k+1), P
sc(k+1).
In the energy management method of the automobile-used composite energy storage system that the embodiment of the present invention provides, when the charging of described composite energy storage system, by detecting the voltage of described super capacitor group, be preferably described super capacitor group and charge, when electric discharge, by setting up described system linearization model, and according to the electric current of current battery pack, the voltage of super capacitor group carrys out the Changing Pattern of above-mentioned variable in a predict future p control cycle, utilize the data of above-mentioned prediction, for double optimization problem, solve, solving target is that the accumulation of described accumulative total cost equation in predetermined period is minimum, after solving, obtain optimum battery current output reference value, in conjunction with k+1 car load demand power constantly, determine that described battery pack and super capacitor group are at k+1 horsepower output constantly again.The method adds up cost by optimization, can optimize preferably the operating mode of described battery pack and super capacitor group, improves the life-span of described battery pack and super capacitor group, and then has reduced the described automobile-used Life Cost cycle that meets closed-centre system.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other and change in spirit of the present invention, and certainly, the variation that these are done according to spirit of the present invention, within all should being included in the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (4)
1. an energy management method for automobile-used composite energy storage system, wherein, this composite energy storage system comprises battery pack parallel with one another and super capacitor group, this energy management method comprises the following steps:
S1, at k+1 mode of operation constantly, judges the charging and discharging state of this composite energy storage system according to vehicle, when this composite energy storage system is during in charge condition, and execution step S2, and when this composite energy storage system is during in discharge regime, perform step S3;
S2, detects described super capacitor group at k voltage V constantly
sc(k), and by the voltage V of this super capacitor group
sc(k) with the full piezoelectric voltage V of described super capacitor group
sc-maxcompare: work as V
sc(k) <V
sc-maxtime, the regenerating braking energy described car brakeing being produced is recycled to described super capacitor group, works as V
sc(k)=V
sc-maxtime, described regenerating braking energy is recycled to described battery pack;
S3, according to described super capacitor group at k voltage V constantly
sc(k), described battery pack is in k electric current I constantly
bat(k) and this vehicle at k+1 car load demand power P constantly
demand(k+1) distribute described super capacitor group and battery pack at k+1 horsepower output P constantly
bat(k+1), P
sc(k+1), specifically comprise the following steps:
S31, gathers the electric current I of the battery pack in composite energy storage system described in current k control cycle
batand the voltage V of described super capacitor group (k)
sc(k);
S32, sets up a system linearization model, and this system linearization model is:
,
, wherein,
,
,
, parameter A
bat, A
sC, B
sC, B
bat, C
bat, C
sC, D
batfor constant, temporal evolution not, parameter K
bat(k), K
sc(k), K '
bat(k) temporal evolution, is respectively described equation
with the complement minor in a small amount of high-order after Taylor expansion in y, parameter S OC
batand SOC (k)
sc(k) be respectively described battery pack and super capacitor group at k state-of-charge constantly, P
batand P (k)
sc(k) be respectively described battery pack and super capacitor group at k horsepower output constantly;
S33, according to this system linearization model, dopes the electric current I of the described battery pack of a following p control cycle
batand the voltage V of described super capacitor group (k+i|k)
sc(k+i|k), i=1 wherein, 2 ..., p;
S34, predicts the outcome according to above-mentioned, sets up accumulative total cost equation:
, wherein, V
sc-reffor the VREF (Voltage Reference) of described super capacitor group, parameter w
1, w
2, w
3for non-negative weight coefficient;
S35, according to this accumulative total cost equation, tries to achieve described battery pack at k+1 reference current value I constantly
bat-ref(k+1), wherein, reference current value I
bat-ref(k+1) be J hour described accumulative total cost equation calculate the current value of the battery pack obtaining, and
S36, according to this reference current value I
bat-ref(k+1), k+1 moment car load demand power P
demandand the k voltage E of described battery pack constantly (k+1)
bat(k) determine that described battery pack and super capacitor group are at k+1 horsepower output P constantly
bat(k+1), P
sc(k+1), wherein:
.
2. the energy management method of automobile-used composite energy storage system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the VREF (Voltage Reference) V of described super capacitor group
sc-reffull piezoelectric voltage V with described super capacitor group
sc-maxratio be V
sc-safe: V
sc-max=0.4 ~ 0.6:1.
3. the energy management method of automobile-used composite energy storage system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, V
sc-safe: V
sc-max=0.5:1.
4. the energy management method of automobile-used composite energy storage system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described composite energy storage system is active or semi-active type composite energy storage system.
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| CN107487193A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2017-12-19 | 宝沃汽车（中国）有限公司 | A kind of EMS, method and the electric automobile of composite power source electric automobile |
| CN106347144A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-01-25 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Composite energy storage system energy optimization and allocation method of electric automobile |
| CN106950500A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-07-14 | 清华大学 | A kind of capacity calculation methods of the shared battery based on battery life |
| CN106950500B (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2019-03-29 | 清华大学 | A kind of capacity calculation methods of the shared battery based on battery life |
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