CN104160896A - Protection method of vegetation in occupied land in road construction period - Google Patents
Protection method of vegetation in occupied land in road construction period Download PDFInfo
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- CN104160896A CN104160896A CN201410410688.0A CN201410410688A CN104160896A CN 104160896 A CN104160896 A CN 104160896A CN 201410410688 A CN201410410688 A CN 201410410688A CN 104160896 A CN104160896 A CN 104160896A
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Abstract
The invention provides a protection method of vegetation in occupied land in the road construction period. The protection method includes the steps that firstly, the types of main vegetation in the area where a road passing through are recognized through interpretation and analysis of a remote-sensing image of a road route range; secondly, GPS point positions for spot plant sample investigation are arranged according to the types and the amount of the vegetation which each roadbed construction section passes through; thirdly, spot paying-off work is conducted, significant protection zones of trees and shrubs in the land occupied by a road are defined, and meanwhile spot plant sample investigation is conducted according to the set GPS point positions; fourthly, sample investigation data are counted, and relevant parameters are calculated; finally, a plant protection method is formulated according to calculation results. The method is based on macroscopic analysis, and overcomes the defect that understanding of the overall situation of the vegetation along the road in the early stage is not thorough enough, the situations of the detailed vegetation types, detailed vegetation distribution and the like can be known clearly through the spot sample investigation, therefore, the basis is provided for plant protection measures formulation, and it is guaranteed that the vegetation in the occupied land of the road can be protected and retained to the maximum limit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the guard method of a kind of during highway construction vegetation, particularly relate to a kind of during highway construction based on the application of 3S technology and take up an area the vegetation protection method in boundary.
Background technology
At present in highway engineering in China construction; for the vegetation protection taking up an area in boundary; particularly to build the early stage of starting building; also do not put into effect the guidance of constructing of special technical specification or operating guidance; making to take up an area in boundary some vegetation that do not affect constructing operation and engineering safety can not get effectively protection and retains; cause the wasting of resources, affected ecotope and the landscape effect of Highways ', increased expense and the time of later stage greening recovery and ecological recovery.3S technology is often applied to build the aspects such as road line selection in earlier stage, environmental impact assessment, landscape pattern analysis in highway engineering, for utilizing this technology to carry out the protection of vegetation in construction time occupation of land circle, yet there are no relevant report.China proposes the concept of " Ecology Highway " and the elementary tactics of construction " Ecology Highway " in recent years; the highway of trying hard to construction and natural environment harmony; therefore strengthen the protection to Highways ' natural vegetation; especially before highway starts building to build, to taking up an area natural vegetation in boundary, taking practicable safeguard measure, is one of important means realizing " Ecology Highway " sustainable development.
Highway belongs to linear engineering; wide by way of region area; multiple topography and geomorphology and ecotype have been connected; and by way of region uninhabited having inconvenient traffic often; for the understanding of vegetation along the line often rest on work can, the very rough aspect such as environmental impact assessment, therefore before highway construction never for the concrete effectively protection of vegetation strategy.So just cause highway construction for a long time to take up an area the vegetation in boundary; in the clear table stage, be all eliminated so that subgrade construction; comprising some be positioned at beyond road surface sclerosis scope, take up an area boundary with vegetation; the natural vegetation in regions such as leg wire of slope, groove line, these vegetation that likely retain often can not get effective protection.In fact the vegetation of these scopes has does not much affect constructing operation and engineering safety, if all disposed by taking up an area boundary's scope, to make Highways ' vegetation destroyed too much, and along thread environment, view and the ecosystem, all can be caused the loss that is difficult to make up, also strengthen the difficulty of recovering.
Summary of the invention
The vegetation that the object of the invention is to solve in highway engineering occupation of land circle can not get the effectively problem of protection for a long time; and a kind of during highway construction based on the application of 3S technology proposing takes up an area the vegetation protection method in boundary; technical problem to be solved is it is protected to greatest extent and retain the vegetation resources taking up an area in boundary; thereby be more suitable for practicality; easy operating, and there is the value in industry.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and construction process is as follows:
Obtain remote sensing image → map decipher of highway geometry and identify and plant sample prescription investigation → on-the-spot unwrapping wire is set on vegetation pattern → map and sample prescription investigation → survey data is processed and the formulation of calculatings → vegetative practice.
Particularly, the inventive method is applicable to highway survey and design and subgrade construction stage, comprises the steps:
Step 1), obtains highway geometry scope remote sensing image;
Step 2), remote sensing image decipher and analysis;
Step 3), arranges the GPS point position of on-the-spot botanizing sample prescription:
Take step 2) remote sensing image of decipher and analysis is basis, analyzes highway geometry and whether passes through vegetation area:
If a. do not passed through, not in the some position of the on-the-spot botanizing sample prescription of this region division;
If b. passed through, according to type, quantity and the mileage in the different vegetation types region of passing through, the GPS point position of a plurality of on-the-spot plant samples side of investigation is set;
Step 4), on-the-spot unwrapping wire and sample prescription investigation;
A. with reference to highway geometry plane design drawing, carry out the unwrapping wire that highway takes up an area boundary, the occupation of land scope of on-the-spot clear and definite highway and highway take up an area the physical location in sideline, boundary;
B. on the basis of the occupation of land scope of clear and definite highway, according to the position of leg wire of slope in Route Plane design drawing and groove line unwrapping wire again, define on-the-spot physical location;
C. on the basis of a and twice unwrapping wire of b, last unwrapping wire delimited highway and taken up an area the important protection zone of shrub in boundary, and delimitation method is:
If I. occupation of land sideline, circle is less than or equal to 2 meters to the distance of Road Design leg wire of slope or groove line, occupation of land sideline, circle being delimited to the distance of Road Design leg wire of slope or groove line is the important protection zone of shrub;
If II. occupation of land sideline, circle is greater than 2 meters to the distance of highway leg wire of slope or groove line, occupation of land sideline, circle being delimited to the scope of 2 meters of roadbed distances between center line is the important protection zone of shrub;
D. with reference to the delimitation method of the important protection zone of step 4) shrub, add up the gross area in this region;
E. according to the GPS point position of step 3) setting, according to Qiao, fill with the dissimilar investigation factor of choosing respectively of grass, carry out on-the-spot plant sample prescription investigation, preferably choose following investigation factor:
Arbor investigation factor is: the kind title of each species, quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, highly, density, density=species individual amount/sample area, and whether be protective plant;
Shrub investigation factor is: the kind title of each species, quantity, highly, density, density=species individual amount/sample area, and whether be protective plant;
Draft investigation factor is: the kind title of each species, and whether be protective plant;
Crops are not investigated;
Step 5), processes survey data and formulates safeguard measure.
In one embodiment of the invention, step 2) remote sensing image decipher and analyzing specifically comprises the steps:
Use remote Sensing Interpretation software, according to the wave spectrum built-up sequence in near-infrared reflection district, visible red district, visible green district, the remote sensing image that step 1) is obtained carries out decipher, identify the vegetation patterns such as main arbor, shrub, meadow and crops in highway geometry region, and the remote sensing image after using GIS software to decipher carries out analyzing and processing, stack identitypath position.
In another embodiment of the invention, step 5) is processed survey data and is formulated safeguard measure and specifically comprises the steps:
A. according to its pile No. start-stop position of each subgrade construction bid section, arrange respectively all plant sample prescription survey datas within the scope of this bid section that step 4) obtains;
B. count all floristics that investigation obtains in each subgrade construction bid section, according to each floristics, carry out respectively survey data, comprise the classification of quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, height and density;
C. differentiate the every Plants counting on, comprise Qiao, filling, draft, differentiate the floristics whether it belongs to country and local laws and regulations protection simultaneously:
I. if, formulate the identification handbook of this protective plant, with reference to handbook, whole subgrade construction bid section is taken up an area to the comprehensive investigation within the scope of boundary again, record position and the quantity of all protective plants, entrust professional afforestation company to transplant protection simultaneously;
II. if not, calculate the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, average height, the averag density of each shrub kind in each subgrade construction bid section, herbaceous plant is only added up kind;
D. each the floristic average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and average height in each subgrade construction bid section pile No. mileage calculating, with reference to local market price standard, obtain the unit price of this specification plant;
E. each important protection zone of subgrade construction bid section shrub gross area calculating according to step 4), be multiplied by the averag density of certain Plants of calculating, calculate the total quantity of certain Plants, be multiplied by again the unit price of this specification plant, draw the total cost of this bid section repurchase important protection zone of shrub Plants, by that analogy, calculate the expense of all floristics repurchase in all subgrade construction bid sections, by this expense, from highway construction expropriation of land object, buy back all shrubs in the important protection zone of shrub;
F. to all shrubs of repurchase, take original place to retain measure;
G. in the whole process of engineering construction, in the important protection zone of excavation highway shrub, arbor near groove line is wound around a circle object at trunk, prevent excavation machinery and artificial scratch trunk, construction finishes rear dismounting, embankment highway arranges retaining wall near the arbor of leg wire of slope, prevents from cubic metre of earth burying trunk, and retaining wall forever retains;
H. the crops that highway takes up an area in boundary are not taked safeguard measure.
Wherein, in step 1), remote sensing image contains visible region spectrum and near-infrared reflection district spectrum.
Wherein, step 2) described remote Sensing Interpretation software can, with the remote Sensing Interpretation software of this area routine, preferably include a kind of or its combination in erdas, envi; Described GIS analysis software can, with the GIS analysis software of this area routine, preferably include a kind of or its combination in ArcGIS, MapInfo, MapGIS.
Preferably, the method to set up of the point of the GPS described in step 3) position comprises:
A. each vegetation pattern at least arranges 5 GPS field investigation point positions;
B. in the vegetation area mileage of every 5 kilometers, 1 GPS field investigation point position is at least set;
C. general line at least arranges 30 GPS field investigation point positions.
Preferably, all GPS points position is all positioned on roadbed center line, is the central point of sample prescription, and survey area is shaped as square, and the length of side is corresponding Gai Chu highway occupation of land circle, this GPS point position width.
Wherein, the identification handbook of the protective plant described in step 5) preferably includes the intact form feature picture of plant, i.e. the picture of plant profile, branch, bark, blade, flower and fruit, morphological differentiation main points, life and ecological habit.
Wherein, the arbor of the close groove line described in step 5), its scope be preferably arbor trunk to the vertical line of groove line the distance lower than 50 centimetres; The object of described winding use is the preferred discarded object on the be bundled in trunk of wooden unit, rope, plastics and/or carton, and winding width is for from ground between 1 meter-1.5 meters, and described discarded object is fixed with rope or iron wire, and construction of the highway finishes rear dismounting.
Wherein, the arbor of the close leg wire of slope described in step 5), its scope be preferably arbor trunk to the vertical line of leg wire of slope the distance lower than 50 centimetres; Described retaining wall preferably adopts the discarded stone of roadbed excavation to pile up and uses mixed earth to reinforce and forms, and becomes semicircular rings around trunk, and radius is 50 centimetres, and piling up is highly from ground between 1 meter-1.5 meters.
The protection that invention is taken up an area vegetation in boundary for highway engineering provides detailed method, step and technical essential; especially utilized advanced 3S technology; first from macroscopic aspect clear and definite the character of object of protection, scale and key position; for carrying out with formulation and the enforcement of safeguard measure of field investigation provides prerequisite; the method can reach suitable technological progress and practicality, and has the extensive value in industry.The present invention has following advantages:
1, adopted 3S technology, from macroscopical large scale aspect, highway geometry has been had to whole understanding through the vegetation in region, overcome early stage Highways ' vegetation and understood not deep enough phenomenon, for the formulation of on-the-spot sample prescription survey plan provides foundation.
2, the present invention proposes the method for the GPS point position that on-the-spot botanizing sample prescription is set on highway remote sensing image, this method requires to carry out respectively by subgrade construction bid section the setting of GPS point position, to consider to be convenient to manage and the implementing of safeguard measure, first this method requires at least 5 GPS field investigation point positions of each vegetation pattern setting, to consider from Principle of Statistics, make survey data can contain all vegetation pattern through region, also the investigation sample quantity of every kind of vegetation pattern is carried out to minimum restriction, guaranteeing has enough statistical datas, make every effort to make survey data can represent the actual conditions of vegetation along the line, secondly, this method requires in the vegetation area mileage of every 5 kilometers of each roadbed bid section, and 1 GPS field investigation point position is at least set, and this is GPS point the inhomogeneity requirement of layouting, avoid some vegetation pattern single, and there is the very few phenomenon of layouting in the long region of mileage, last this method requires general line that 30 GPS field investigation point positions are at least set, and this is to consider from statistical sample amount, guarantees that sample size, to reduce human error, increases investigation confidence level.
3, the present invention adopts the on-the-spot repeatedly method of unwrapping wire to determine the important protection zone that highway takes up an area shrub in boundary, maximum possible shrub is retained.
4, in the present invention, delimit highway and take up an area the important protection zone that sideline, boundary is shrub to the scope of 2 meters, leg wire of slope or groove line, that inventor proposes according to highway engineering construction field experience summary for many years, ordinary highway roadbed construction meeting can form upper side slope excavation face and slope surface of filling according to the difference of landform, these regions cannot retain natural vegetation, but the leg wire of slope of the groove line of excavation face and surface of filling to highway takes up an area the general distance of 3 meters at least in addition in sideline, boundary, consider eliminating intercepting drain and the drain ditch construction that may carry out, and guarantee normal apparatus and personnel's boundary of works area, reserved scope of taking up an area inside 2 meters of sideline, boundary be shrub protection zone can guarantee that ordinary highway is built most sections can normal construction construction, can also reduce to greatest extent unnecessary plant destroys simultaneously.
5, within highway geometry takes up an area boundary, carry out the investigation of plant sample prescription, make respondent more targeted, can obtain very detailed vegetation, be the formulation of the safeguard measure data that provide the foundation simultaneously.
6, the shrub in sample prescription only investigate floristic title, quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, highly, density, whether be protection species; investigate these factors and can meet for formulating corresponding protection countermeasure the most direct foundation is provided, saved human and material resources and time.
7, protective plant identification handbook be take picture as main, provides and identifies the most intuitively main points, has considered most of workmens' know-how, to mobilize numerous workmens to assist to carry out scene investigation.
8, take the mode of repurchase to retain the shrub taking up an area in boundary, saved a large amount of expenses that later stage highway landscape greening recovers, protected primitive environment simultaneously, there is economy and the ecological value.
9, the adjust the distance arbor of groove line vertical range 50 cm scopes is taked the safeguard measure being wound around; that inventor draws according to on-the-spot environmental protection construction summary of experience for many years; excavator on side slope surface while excavating; may be because construction is careless; to the arbor diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground band of position within the scope of 50 cm beyond groove line; be that 1-1.5 rice height causes scratch with interior trunk, the destruction such as even fracture, is wound around the generation that object hard or that have toughness can effectively be avoided this phenomenon.
10, the arbor of the leg wire of slope vertical range of adjusting the distance 50 cm scopes is taked the safeguard measure of retaining wall, that inventor draws according to on-the-spot environmental protection construction summary of experience for many years, filled-up ground often there will be the phenomenon of the super scope of constructing when tamping earthwork construction, cause thus the earthwork to bury the trees trunk within the scope of 50 cm beyond design leg wire of slope, cause trees dead, building radius is 50 cm, height is the semicircle retaining wall of 1-1.5 rice, can effectively stop that the slope earthwork buries trunk, for leaving enough spaces, trees ' root carries out air exchange and circulation, also guaranteed the stability of roadbed side slope, material and manpower and materials have also been saved in semicircular design simultaneously.
11, the discarded object that subgrade construction and personnel live and produce, such as stone, wood, plastics, carton etc., protects vegetation as material, is a kind of new measure of resource circulation utilization, gathers materials on the spot and has saved Master Cost.
In sum; a kind of during highway construction based on 3S technology that the present invention proposes takes up an area the guard method of vegetation in boundary; there is above-mentioned plurality of advantages and practical value; economical and profitable on ecology; no matter it all has the outstanding multinomial effect of enhancement in technology, method, program; thereby be more suitable for practicality; and there is the extensive value of industry; having filled up highway environment protection field for taking up an area the protection long-term lacking correlation technique of vegetation in boundary, the blank of standard and judgment, is really a new and innovative, progressive, practical new method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that a kind of during highway construction based on 3S technology of the present invention takes up an area the construction process figure of vegetation protection method in boundary.
Fig. 2 is the highway geometry vegetation chart schematic diagram that decipher of the present invention draws.
Fig. 3 is that the GPS point position of the on-the-spot botanizing sample prescription of the present invention arranges schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the on-the-spot unwrapping wire schematic diagram of filled-up ground of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the on-the-spot unwrapping wire schematic diagram of cut subgrade of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is near arbor resist technology schematic diagram groove line of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is near arbor resist technology elevational schematic view leg wire of slope of the present invention.
In figure, 1: the GPS point position of on-the-spot botanizing sample prescription; 2: highway takes up an area scope; 3: highway takes up an area sideline, boundary; 4: leg wire of slope 5: groove line; 6: the important protection zone of shrub; 7: roadbed center line; 8: arbor is to the vertical line distance of groove line/leg wire of slope; 9: trunk protection twister; 10: the width of trunk protection twister; 11: arbor protection retaining wall; 12: arbor protection retaining wall height; R: retaining wall is built radius.
Embodiment
For further setting forth the present invention, reach technological means and the effect that predetermined goal of the invention is taked; below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment; a kind of during highway construction based on 3S technology proposing according to the present invention is taken up an area to its embodiment of vegetation protection method and effect thereof in boundary, be described in detail as follows.
Figure 1 shows that the inventive method flow process:
Obtain remote sensing image → map decipher of highway geometry and identify and plant sample prescription investigation → on-the-spot unwrapping wire is set on vegetation pattern → map and sample prescription investigation → survey data is processed and calculatings → vegetative practice formulation (Fig. 1).
Refer to Fig. 2 to Fig. 7, a kind of during highway construction based on 3S technology of preferred embodiment of the present invention takes up an area vegetation protection method in boundary, according to following steps, carries out:
1. obtain the remote sensing image of defending of highway geometry scope, this remote sensing image is containing visible region spectrum and near-infrared reflection district spectrum.
2. use one or both combinations in remote Sensing Interpretation software erdas, envi, according to the wave spectrum built-up sequence in near-infrared reflection district, visible red district, visible green district, above-mentioned remote sensing image is carried out to decipher, identify the vegetation pattern such as main arbor, shrub, meadow, crops in highway geometry region; Use the one or more combination in ArcGIS, MapInfo, MapGIS software to analyze the remote sensing image of decipher, stack identitypath position, example is as shown in Figure 2.
3. the remote sensing image of decipher and analysis of take is basis, analyzes highway geometry and whether passes through vegetation area:
(1) if do not passed through, not at the GPS point of the on-the-spot botanizing sample prescription of this region division;
(2), if passed through, the method that GPS point position 1 is set is:
A. each vegetation pattern at least arranges 5 GPS field investigation point positions 1;
B. in the vegetation area mileage of every 5 kilometers, 1 GPS field investigation point position 1 is at least set;
C. general line at least arranges 30 GPS field investigation point positions 1.
Example as shown in Figure 3.
4. carry out on-the-spot unwrapping wire operation, referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5
(1) with reference to highway geometry plane design drawing, first carry out the unwrapping wire that highway takes up an area boundary, the occupation of land scope 2 of on-the-spot clear and definite highway and highway take up an area the physical location in sideline, boundary 3;
(2) on the basis of the occupation of land scope of clear and definite highway, according to the position of leg wire of slope 4 in Route Plane design drawing and groove line 5 unwrapping wire again, define its on-the-spot physical location;
(3) on the basis of above twice unwrapping wire, the highway that last unwrapping wire delimited takes up an area the important protection zone 6 of shrub in boundary, and delimitation method is:
If a. occupation of land sideline, circle is less than or equal to 2 meters to the distance of Road Design leg wire of slope or groove line, occupation of land sideline, circle being delimited to the distance of Road Design leg wire of slope or groove line is the important protection zone of shrub;
If b. occupation of land sideline, circle is greater than 2 meters to the distance of highway leg wire of slope or groove line, occupation of land sideline, circle being delimited to the scope of 2 meters of roadbed distances between center line is the important protection zone of shrub.
(4) with reference to the important protection zone of above shrub, draw method, add up the gross area in each this region of subgrade construction bid section.
5. according to the GPS point position 1 arranging on remote sensing image, carry out on-the-spot plant sample prescription investigation.
(1) GPS point position is all positioned on roadbed center line 7, and sample prescription is shaped as square, the highway occupation of land circle width 2 that the sample prescription length of side is this GPS point position correspondence.
(2) according to Qiao, fill with the dissimilar investigation factor of choosing respectively of grass:
Arbor investigation factor comprises: the kind title of each species, quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, highly, density, density=species individual amount/sample area, and whether be protective plant;
Shrub investigation factor is: the kind title of each species, quantity, highly, density, density=species individual amount/sample area, and whether be protective plant;
Draft investigation factor comprises: the kind title of each species, and whether be protective plant;
Crops are not investigated.
6. arrange and calculate plant sample prescription survey data.
(1) each subgrade construction bid section, according to its start-stop pile No., counts respectively all floristics that this bid section investigation obtains, and according to each floristics, carries out respectively survey data, comprises the classification of quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, height and density;
(2) differentiate the every Plants counting on, comprise Qiao, filling, draft, whether belong to the floristics of country and local laws and regulations protection:
A. if, formulate the identification handbook of this protective plant, with reference to handbook, whole subgrade construction bid section is taken up an area to the comprehensive investigation within the scope of boundary again, record position and the quantity of all protective plants, entrust professional afforestation company to transplant protection simultaneously;
B. if not, calculate the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, average height, the averag density of each each shrub kind of subgrade construction bid section, herbaceous plant is only added up kind;
(3) each subgrade construction bid section calculating each the floristic average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and average height, reflected and the average specification of these species with reference to local market price standard, obtained the unit price of this specification plant;
(4) according to 4 each important protection zone of subgrade construction bid section shrub gross areas that calculate; be multiplied by the averag density of certain Plants of calculating; calculate the total quantity of certain Plants; be multiplied by again the unit price of this specification plant; draw the total cost of this bid section repurchase important protection zone of shrub Plants; by that analogy, calculate the expense of all floristics repurchase in all subgrade construction bid sections, by this expense, from highway construction expropriation of land object, buy back all shrubs in the important protection zone of shrub.
7. the formulation of safeguard measure
(1) to all shrubs of repurchase, take original place to retain measure, not affecting under the prerequisite of normal construction operation and roadbed safety, reduce to greatest extent the destruction of this region shrub and felling;
(2) in the whole process of engineering construction, in the important protection zone of excavation highway shrub 6, when arbor trunk is less than the distance of 50 centimetres to the vertical line 8 of groove line 5, at arbor trunk, be wound around a circle winding object 9 and prevent excavation machinery and artificial scratch trunk, the object that is wound around use is that wooden unit, rope, plastics, carton etc. can be bundled in the discarded object on trunk, winding width 10 is the height between 1 meter-1.5 meters from ground, discarded object is fixed with rope or iron wire, construction of the highway finishes rear dismounting, and example as shown in Figure 6;
In the important protection zone of embankment highway shrub 6; when arbor trunk is to the vertical line 8 of leg wire of slope 4 during lower than the distance of 50 centimetres; arbor arranges retaining wall 11; prevent that the earthwork from burying trunk; retaining wall material adopts the discarded stone of roadbed excavation to pile up and uses mixed earth to reinforce and forms, and becomes semicircular rings around trunk, and radius R is 50 centimetres; pile up height 12 for from ground between 1 meter-1.5 meters, example as shown in Figure 7.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. during highway construction takes up an area a guard method for vegetation in boundary, and the method is applicable to highway survey and design and subgrade construction stage, comprises the steps:
Step 1), obtains highway geometry scope remote sensing image;
Step 2), remote sensing image decipher and analysis;
Step 3), arranges the GPS point position of on-the-spot botanizing sample prescription:
Take step 2) remote sensing image of decipher and analysis is basis, analyzes highway geometry and whether passes through vegetation area:
If a. do not passed through, not in the some position of the on-the-spot botanizing sample prescription of this region division;
If b. passed through, according to type, quantity and the mileage in the different vegetation types region of passing through, the GPS point position of a plurality of on-the-spot plant samples side of investigation is set;
Step 4), on-the-spot unwrapping wire and sample prescription investigation;
A. with reference to highway geometry plane design drawing, carry out the unwrapping wire that highway takes up an area boundary, the occupation of land scope of on-the-spot clear and definite highway and highway take up an area the physical location in sideline, boundary;
B. on the basis of the occupation of land scope of clear and definite highway, according to the position of leg wire of slope in Route Plane design drawing and groove line unwrapping wire again, define on-the-spot physical location;
C. on the basis of a and twice unwrapping wire of b, last unwrapping wire delimited highway and taken up an area the important protection zone of shrub in boundary, and delimitation method is:
If I. occupation of land sideline, circle is less than or equal to 2 meters to the distance of Road Design leg wire of slope or groove line, occupation of land sideline, circle being delimited to the distance of Road Design leg wire of slope or groove line is the important protection zone of shrub;
If II. occupation of land sideline, circle is greater than 2 meters to the distance of highway leg wire of slope or groove line, occupation of land sideline, circle being delimited to the scope of 2 meters of roadbed distances between center line is the important protection zone of shrub;
D. with reference to the delimitation method of the important protection zone of step 4) shrub, add up the gross area in this region;
E. according to the GPS point position of step 3) setting, according to Qiao, fill with the dissimilar investigation factor of choosing respectively of grass, carry out on-the-spot plant sample prescription investigation, preferably choose following investigation factor:
Arbor investigation factor is: the kind title of each species, quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, highly, density, density=species individual amount/sample area, and whether be protective plant;
Shrub investigation factor is: the kind title of each species, quantity, highly, density, density=species individual amount/sample area, and whether be protective plant;
Draft investigation factor is: the kind title of each species, and whether be protective plant;
Crops are not investigated;
Step 5), processes survey data and formulates safeguard measure.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) remote sensing image decipher and analyze specifically comprises the steps:
Use remote Sensing Interpretation software, according to the wave spectrum built-up sequence in near-infrared reflection district, visible red district, visible green district, the remote sensing image that step 1) is obtained carries out decipher, identify the vegetation patterns such as main arbor, shrub, meadow and crops in highway geometry region, and the remote sensing image after using GIS software to decipher carries out analyzing and processing, stack identitypath position.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 5) is processed survey data and formulated safeguard measure and specifically comprises the steps:
A. according to its pile No. start-stop position of each subgrade construction bid section, arrange respectively all plant sample prescription survey datas within the scope of this bid section that step 4) obtains;
B. count all floristics that investigation obtains in each subgrade construction bid section, according to each floristics, carry out respectively survey data, comprise the classification of quantity, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, height and density;
C. differentiate the every Plants counting on, comprise Qiao, filling, draft, differentiate the floristics whether it belongs to country and local laws and regulations protection simultaneously:
I. if, formulate the identification handbook of this protective plant, with reference to handbook, whole subgrade construction bid section is taken up an area to the comprehensive investigation within the scope of boundary again, record position and the quantity of all protective plants, entrust professional afforestation company to transplant protection simultaneously;
II. if not, calculate the average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, average height, the averag density of each shrub kind in each subgrade construction bid section, herbaceous plant is only added up kind;
D. each the floristic average diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and average height in each subgrade construction bid section pile No. mileage calculating, with reference to local market price standard, obtain the unit price of this specification plant;
E. each important protection zone of subgrade construction bid section shrub gross area calculating according to step 4), be multiplied by the averag density of certain Plants of calculating, calculate the total quantity of certain Plants, be multiplied by again the unit price of this specification plant, draw the total cost of this bid section repurchase important protection zone of shrub Plants, by that analogy, calculate the expense of all floristics repurchase in all subgrade construction bid sections, by this expense, from highway construction expropriation of land object, buy back all shrubs in the important protection zone of shrub;
F. to all shrubs of repurchase, take original place to retain measure;
G. in the whole process of engineering construction, in the important protection zone of excavation highway shrub, arbor near groove line is wound around a circle object at trunk, prevent excavation machinery and artificial scratch trunk, construction finishes rear dismounting, embankment highway arranges retaining wall near the arbor of leg wire of slope, prevents from cubic metre of earth burying trunk, and retaining wall forever retains;
H. the crops that highway takes up an area in boundary are not taked safeguard measure.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1), remote sensing image is containing visible region spectrum and near-infrared reflection district spectrum.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 2) described remote Sensing Interpretation software comprises a kind of or its combination in erdas, envi; Described GIS analysis software comprises a kind of or its combination in ArcGIS, MapInfo, MapGIS.
6. method according to claim 1, the method to set up of the GPS point position described in step 3) comprises:
A. each vegetation pattern at least arranges 5 GPS field investigation point positions;
B. in the vegetation area mileage of every 5 kilometers, 1 GPS field investigation point position is at least set;
C. general line at least arranges 30 GPS field investigation point positions.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, all GPS points position is all positioned on roadbed center line, is the central point of sample prescription, and survey area is shaped as square, and the length of side is corresponding Gai Chu highway occupation of land circle, this GPS point position width.
8. method according to claim 3; it is characterized in that, the identification handbook of the protective plant described in step 5) comprises the intact form feature picture of plant, the i.e. picture of plant profile, branch, bark, blade, flower and fruit; morphological differentiation main points, life and ecological habit.
9. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the arbor of the close groove line described in step 5), its scope distance lower than 50 centimetres that is arbor trunk to the vertical line of groove line; The object of described winding use is the discarded object being selected from the be bundled in trunk of wooden unit, rope, plastics and/or carton, and winding width is for from ground between 1 meter-1.5 meters, and described discarded object is fixed with rope or iron wire, and construction of the highway finishes rear dismounting.
10. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the arbor of the close leg wire of slope described in step 5), its scope distance lower than 50 centimetres that is arbor trunk to the vertical line of leg wire of slope; Described retaining wall adopts the discarded stone of roadbed excavation to pile up and use mixed earth to reinforce and forms, and becomes semicircular rings around trunk, and radius is 50 centimetres, and piling up is highly from ground between 1 meter-1.5 meters.
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