CN104158245A - Comprehensive lithium battery pack equalization circuit and equalization method - Google Patents
Comprehensive lithium battery pack equalization circuit and equalization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104158245A CN104158245A CN201410384908.7A CN201410384908A CN104158245A CN 104158245 A CN104158245 A CN 104158245A CN 201410384908 A CN201410384908 A CN 201410384908A CN 104158245 A CN104158245 A CN 104158245A
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种综合式的锂电池组均衡电路及均衡方法，锂电池组均衡电路电池B1、电池B2和电池B3；所述锂电池组均衡电路包括A/D采样模块，电容C1-C3、电容C4，电阻R1-R5，二极管D1、二极管D2，电池B1-B3，电感L1、电感L2，开关管Q1-Q3，组合开关管Q4-Q6，光耦1、光耦2、光耦3。锂电池组中非最后一节的电池通过电感线圈将电能向相邻的下一节转移来进行均衡，锂电池组中的最后一节将多余的电能通过电阻耗散来进行均衡。本发明的综合式的锂电池组均衡电路及均衡方法，具有结构简单、转移规模可控、效率高、有利于提高电池组的一致性等优点。
The invention discloses a comprehensive equalization circuit and equalization method of a lithium battery pack, a lithium battery pack equalization circuit battery B1, a battery B2 and a battery B3; the lithium battery pack equalization circuit includes an A/D sampling module, capacitors C1-C3 , capacitor C4, resistor R1-R5, diode D1, diode D2, battery B1-B3, inductor L1, inductor L2, switching tube Q1-Q3, combined switching tube Q4-Q6, optocoupler 1, optocoupler 2, optocoupler 3 . The battery in the non-last section of the lithium battery pack is balanced by transferring the electric energy to the adjacent next section through the inductance coil, and the last section of the lithium battery pack is balanced by dissipating excess electric energy through resistance. The comprehensive equalization circuit and equalization method of the lithium battery group of the present invention have the advantages of simple structure, controllable transfer scale, high efficiency, and being beneficial to improve the consistency of the battery group.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium battery equalization scheme of composite type, especially a kind of lithium battery pack equalizing circuit and equalization methods of the composite type for serial lithium battery group.
Background technology
In new-energy automobile field, dynamic lithium battery is by extensively series connection use, for driving automobile, reclaiming braking energy etc.But battery exists inconsistent phenomenon because the difference in manufacturing process can cause it, in process in groups, by meticulously selecting, select the battery series connection of high conformity, to reduce the inconsistency of lithium battery group.But, in its use procedure, due to the difference of installation and service condition, still can cause the inconsistency difference of lithium battery group to strengthen.If do not managed, can cause battery accelerated ageing, storage capacity reduces until scrap, and therefore, must battery be carried out equilibrium and improved the inconsistence problems of battery, improves life-span and the efficiency of lithium battery group.
For balanced management, mainly contain at present two kinds of technology, dissipativeness equilibrium and non-dissipative type equilibrium.Dissipativeness equilibrium is the form to battery discharge by parallel resistance, and the energy of the monomer that in lithium battery group, energy is higher is discharged, and which is simple to operate, and portfolio effect is obvious, is the most widely used method in current practical application.Non-dissipative type equilibrium is by energy storage components and parts (inductance, electric capacity), and energy is shifted compared with the energy of high monomer, supplements the equalization methods to the lower monomer of energy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the weak point existing in above-mentioned prior art for avoiding, and provides a kind of lithium battery pack equalizing circuit and equalization methods of composite type, the problem of inconsistency in use widening gradually to solve lithium battery group.
The present invention is technical solution problem, and a kind of lithium battery pack equalizing circuit and equalization methods of composite type is provided.
A lithium battery pack equalizing circuit for composite type, its design feature is that lithium battery group is in series by multiple batteries, comprises battery B1, battery B2 and battery B3; Described lithium battery pack equalizing circuit comprises A/D sampling module, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, capacitor C 3, capacitor C 4, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, diode D1, diode D2, battery B1, battery B2, battery B3, inductance L 1, inductance L 2, switching tube Q1, switching tube Q2, switching tube Q3, unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6, optocoupler 1, optocoupler 2, optocoupler 3;
Described A/D sampling module meets respectively each batteries B1, battery B2, the battery B3 of serial lithium battery group, and described capacitor C 1, resistance R 2 form RC low-pass filter circuit; The two ends of described resistance R 1 connect respectively negative pole and the switching tube Q1 cold end of lithium battery group;
One end of described resistance R 2 is connected with one end of capacitor C 1 and tie point is connected with described A/D sampling module, the other end of described resistance R 2 is connected with the positive pole of battery B3 in lithium battery group, and one end of the other end of described capacitor C 1, one end of resistance R 3, capacitor C 2 is connected and tie point is connected with described A/D sampling module; The other end of resistance R 3 is connected with the positive pole of battery B2 in lithium battery group, and one end of the other end of capacitor C 2, one end of resistance R 4, capacitor C 3 is connected and tie point is connected with described A/D sampling module; The other end of resistance R 4 is connected with the positive pole of battery B1 in lithium battery group, one end of the other end of capacitor C 3, one end of resistance R 5, capacitor C 4 is connected and tie point is connected with described A/D sampling module, the other end of resistance R 5 is connected with the negative pole of battery B1 in lithium battery group and ground connection, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 4;
Battery B1, battery B2 serial connection point in described inductance L 1 first wiring termination serial lithium battery group, the cold end of described inductance L 1 second wiring termination switching tube Q2; Battery B2, battery B3 serial connection point in described inductance L 2 first wiring termination serial lithium battery groups, the cold end of described inductance L 2 first wiring termination switching tube Q3;
Battery B1, battery B2 serial connection point in the high potential termination serial lithium battery group of described switching tube Q1, battery B2, battery B3 serial connection point in the high potential termination serial lithium battery group of described switching tube Q2, the positive pole of battery B3 in the high potential termination serial lithium battery group of described switching tube Q3;
The binding site of the control termination unit switch pipe Q6 of described switching tube Q1, the binding site of the control termination unit switch pipe Q5 of described switching tube Q2, the binding site of the control termination unit switch pipe Q4 of described switching tube Q3, the high voltage termination battery B3 positive pole of described unit switch pipe Q4, the low-voltage termination battery B2 of described unit switch pipe Q4, battery B3 is connected in series point, the output of the control termination optocoupler 1 of described unit switch pipe Q4, the high voltage termination battery B2 of described unit switch pipe Q5, battery B3 is connected in series point, the low-voltage termination battery B1 of described unit switch pipe Q5, battery B2 is connected in series point, the output of the control termination optocoupler 2 of described unit switch pipe Q5, the high voltage termination battery B2 of described unit switch pipe Q6, battery B3 is connected in series point, the low-voltage end ground connection of described unit switch pipe Q6, the output of the control termination optocoupler 3 of described unit switch pipe Q6, described optocoupler 1, optocoupler 2, optocoupler 3 connects respectively I/O switching signal,
The negative pole of described diode D1 connects the cold end of switching tube Q2, and the positive pole of described diode D1 connects the negative pole of battery B1 in serial lithium battery group; The negative pole of described diode D2 connects the cold end of switching tube Q3, and the positive pole of described diode D2 connects the serial connection point of battery B2 in serial lithium battery group, battery B3.
The lithium battery pack equalizing circuit of a kind of composite type of the present invention also has following technical characterstic.
Described switching tube Q1, switching tube Q2, switching tube Q3 adopt P type metal-oxide-semiconductor, the control end that the grid of described P type metal-oxide-semiconductor is described switching tube, the cold end that the drain electrode of described P type metal-oxide-semiconductor is described switching tube, the hot end that the source electrode of described P type metal-oxide-semiconductor is described switching tube.
Described unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6 all adopt P type metal-oxide-semiconductor and N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor to combine; The control end of described unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6 is P type metal-oxide-semiconductor and N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor grid tie point, the hot end of described unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6 is the source electrode of N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor, the cold end of described unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6 is the drain electrode of P type metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the binding site of described unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6 is the source electrode of P type metal-oxide-semiconductor and the drain electrode tie point of N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Described diode D1, D2 are fast recovery diode, and to be applicable to speed-sensitive switch requirement, and circuit loss is few.
The number of turn specification of described inductance L 1, inductance L 2 is identical.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium battery group equalization methods of composite type.
A lithium battery group equalization methods for composite type, it comprises the steps:
Step 1: judge that battery is in the trickle charge stage or in leaving standstill not discharge condition;
Step 2: if battery is in the trickle charge stage, judge whether the voltage of cell reaches the first default balanced threshold value, if it is carry out step 3, if not finishing; If battery is in leaving standstill not discharge condition, judge whether the voltage of cell reaches the 3rd default balanced threshold value, if it is carry out step 3, if not finishing;
Step 3: judge that whether the voltage difference between two adjacent cells reaches the second default balanced threshold value, if it is carry out step 4, if not finishing;
Step 4: judge and need to carry out balanced battery according to above step 3, by I/O switching signal control switchgroup pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6, make switching tube Q1, switching tube Q2, switching tube Q3 carry out open and close; Electric current in inductance can only be filled with next batteries by the diode being connected with switching tube low-voltage end, thereby has realized the transfer of energy.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
The lithium battery pack equalizing circuit of a kind of composite type of the present invention, realizes batteries energy and shift to the non-dissipation of adjacent next joint, and final section utilizes the equalizing circuit of resistance dissipation by inductance coil.Read magnitude of voltage by A/D sampling module, need balanced battery by main controller module judgement, control the I/O switching signal conducting shut-in time, utilize storage and the transfer of inductor winding energy storage principle control energy.The method is simple in structure, and transfer scale is controlled, and efficiency is high, is conducive to improve the consistency of battery pack.
The lithium battery pack equalizing circuit of a kind of composite type of the present invention and equalization methods, can solve the problem of inconsistency that lithium battery group in use widens gradually, have simple in structure, transfer scale is controlled, efficiency is high, be conducive to improve the advantages such as the consistency of battery pack.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of the lithium battery pack equalizing circuit of composite type of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the lithium battery group equalization methods of composite type of the present invention.
Below, by embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1～Fig. 2, the lithium battery pack equalizing circuit of a kind of composite type of the present invention, its lithium battery group is in series by multiple batteries, comprises battery B1, battery B2 and battery B3; Described lithium battery pack equalizing circuit comprises A/D sampling module, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 2, capacitor C 3, capacitor C 4, resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, diode D1, diode D2, battery B1, battery B2, battery B3, inductance L 1, inductance L 2, switching tube Q1, switching tube Q2, switching tube Q3, unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6, optocoupler 1, optocoupler 2, optocoupler 3;
Described A/D sampling module meets respectively each batteries B1, battery B2, the battery B3 of serial lithium battery group, and described capacitor C 1, resistance R 2 form RC low-pass filter circuit; Similarly, capacitor C 2 and resistance R 3, capacitor C 3 and resistance R 4, capacitor C 4 and resistance R 5 also form respectively RC low-pass filter circuit, obtain the magnitude of voltage of each piece battery for A/D sampling module; The two ends of described resistance R 1 connect respectively negative pole and the switching tube Q1 cold end of lithium battery group;
One end of described resistance R 2 is connected with one end of capacitor C 1 and tie point is connected with described A/D sampling module, the other end of described resistance R 2 is connected with the positive pole of battery B3 in lithium battery group, and one end of the other end of described capacitor C 1, one end of resistance R 3, capacitor C 2 is connected and tie point is connected with described A/D sampling module; The other end of resistance R 3 is connected with the positive pole of battery B2 in lithium battery group, and one end of the other end of capacitor C 2, one end of resistance R 4, capacitor C 3 is connected and tie point is connected with described A/D sampling module; The other end of resistance R 4 is connected with the positive pole of battery B1 in lithium battery group, one end of the other end of capacitor C 3, one end of resistance R 5, capacitor C 4 is connected and tie point is connected with described A/D sampling module, the other end of resistance R 5 is connected with the negative pole of battery B1 in lithium battery group and ground connection, the other end ground connection of capacitor C 4;
Battery B1, battery B2 serial connection point in described inductance L 1 first wiring termination serial lithium battery group, the cold end of described inductance L 1 second wiring termination switching tube Q2; Battery B2, battery B3 serial connection point in described inductance L 2 first wiring termination serial lithium battery groups, the cold end of described inductance L 2 first wiring termination switching tube Q3;
Battery B1, battery B2 serial connection point in the high potential termination serial lithium battery group of described switching tube Q1, battery B2, battery B3 serial connection point in the high potential termination serial lithium battery group of described switching tube Q2, the positive pole of battery B3 in the high potential termination serial lithium battery group of described switching tube Q3;
The binding site of the control termination unit switch pipe Q6 of described switching tube Q1, the binding site of the control termination unit switch pipe Q5 of described switching tube Q2, the binding site of the control termination unit switch pipe Q4 of described switching tube Q3, the high voltage termination battery B3 positive pole of described unit switch pipe Q4, the low-voltage termination battery B2 of described unit switch pipe Q4, battery B3 is connected in series point, the output of the control termination optocoupler 1 of described unit switch pipe Q4, the high voltage termination battery B2 of described unit switch pipe Q5, battery B3 is connected in series point, the low-voltage termination battery B1 of described unit switch pipe Q5, battery B2 is connected in series point, the output of the control termination optocoupler 2 of described unit switch pipe Q5, the high voltage termination battery B2 of described unit switch pipe Q6, battery B3 is connected in series point, the low-voltage end ground connection of described unit switch pipe Q6, the output of the control termination optocoupler 3 of described unit switch pipe Q6, described optocoupler 1, optocoupler 2, optocoupler 3 connects respectively I/O switching signal,
The negative pole of described diode D1 connects the cold end of switching tube Q2, and the positive pole of described diode D1 connects the negative pole of battery B1 in serial lithium battery group; The negative pole of described diode D2 connects the cold end of switching tube Q3, and the positive pole of described diode D2 connects the serial connection point of battery B2 in serial lithium battery group, battery B3.In the lithium battery pack equalizing circuit of composite type of the present invention, in lithium battery group, the battery of non-final section is shifted electric energy to carry out equilibrium to next adjacent joint by inductance coil, and the final section in lithium battery group dissipates to carry out equilibrium by unnecessary electric energy by resistance.Lithium battery group for adopting 3 batteries to form in Fig. 1, if lithium battery group is made up of more batteries, its structure and Fig. 1 structure are similar.In Fig. 1, only also can be applied to multiple batteries equilibrium so that three batteries are balanced as schematically performance, this circuit in actual applications, can be as required, for the above battery of the three joints circuit conditioning of connecting.
Described switching tube Q1, switching tube Q2, switching tube Q3 adopt P type metal-oxide-semiconductor, the control end that the grid of described P type metal-oxide-semiconductor is described switching tube, the cold end that the drain electrode of described P type metal-oxide-semiconductor is described switching tube, the hot end that the source electrode of described P type metal-oxide-semiconductor is described switching tube.
Described unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6 all adopt P type metal-oxide-semiconductor and N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor to combine; The control end of described unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6 is P type metal-oxide-semiconductor and N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor grid tie point, the hot end of described unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6 is the source electrode of N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor, the cold end of described unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6 is the drain electrode of P type metal-oxide-semiconductor, and the binding site of described unit switch pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6 is the source electrode of P type metal-oxide-semiconductor and the drain electrode tie point of N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Described diode D1, D2 are fast recovery diode, and to be applicable to speed-sensitive switch requirement, and circuit loss is few.
The number of turn specification of described inductance L 1, inductance L 2 is identical.In side circuit except the corresponding resistance of final section battery, the corresponding inductance of other each batteries.Each inductance around one sealing magnet ring on, one end that described inductance L 1, L2 the first terminals are inductance coil, the other end that described inductance L 1, L2 the second terminals are inductance coil.
A lithium battery group equalization methods for composite type, it comprises the steps:
Step 1: judge that battery is in the trickle charge stage or in leaving standstill not discharge condition;
Step 2: if battery is in the trickle charge stage, judge whether the voltage of cell reaches the first default balanced threshold value, if it is carry out step 3, if not finishing; If battery is in leaving standstill not discharge condition, judge whether the voltage of cell reaches the 3rd default balanced threshold value, if it is carry out step 3, if not finishing;
Step 3: judge that whether the voltage difference between two adjacent cells reaches the second default balanced threshold value, if it is carry out step 4, if not finishing;
Step 4: judge and need to carry out balanced battery according to above step 3, by I/O switching signal control switchgroup pipe Q4, unit switch pipe Q5, unit switch pipe Q6, make switching tube Q1, switching tube Q2, switching tube Q3 carry out open and close; Electric current in inductance can only be filled with next batteries by the diode being connected with switching tube low-voltage end, thereby has realized the transfer of energy.
The present invention is a kind of structure that shifts energy based on adjacent cell, balanced deterministic process is as follows: in the battery trickle charge stage, this stage battery charge is less, obtain battery voltage value by A/D sampling module, judge that whether each batteries voltage has reached the first balanced threshold value that will carry out equilibrium, judges whether any two batteries voltage differences have reached the second balanced threshold value simultaneously; If reached, start so the downward batteries of a upper batteries and shift the balancing procedure of energy, otherwise finish, do not carry out equalization operation; Battery do not use and the process of standing a period of time in, carry out equilibrium judgement, now whether voltage is higher than the 3rd balanced threshold value, if brownout, equilibrium there is no need to carry out, if single-unit voltage reaches the 3rd balanced threshold value and arbitrary neighborhood two, the pressure reduction that economizes on electricity also reaches the second balanced threshold value, opens balancing procedure.Idiographic flow as shown in Figure 2.Through above-mentioned balanced judgement, the multiple batteries that can realize meeting equalization request operates simultaneously, has ensured efficiency and safety.
Obtain needing balanced battery cell by balanced deterministic process, brought in respective combination switch Q4 by I/O switch, Q5, Q6 operates, make switching tube Q1, Q2, Q3 carries out open and close, in the time that the corresponding switching tube of monomer of needs equilibrium is opened (non-final section battery), battery is through switching tube and inductance conducting, now circuit reduction is single order RL circuit, and be in a kind of zero state response, inductive current rises, after certain hour, switching tube is closed, now due to inductance characteristic, meeting compensating circuit current loss, and switching tube has been closed, electric current in inductance can only be filled with next batteries by the diode being connected with switching tube low-voltage end, thereby realize the transfer of energy.
In this process, the transfer scale of energy is controlled by the ON time of control switch pipe, and transfer process does not rely on voltage difference, the complete transfer of being controlled energy by switching tube.
For the equilibrium of final section battery, cannot carry out energy transfer to next joint again by inductance, so adopt resistance dissipation energy here.When needs carry out balanced time final section, switching tube Q1 opens, and battery falls energy dissipation by resistance R.Until MCU sends no longer, final section is carried out to balanced order, close switching tube Q1.
Equalizing circuit of the present invention and equalization methods can be for multiple batteries equilibriums, in figure, just in order to illustrate, describe by three batteries.
Embodiment recited above is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the spirit and scope of the present invention is limited.Do not departing under the prerequisite of design concept of the present invention; various modification and improvement that this area ordinary person makes technical scheme of the present invention; all should drop into protection scope of the present invention, the technology contents of request protection of the present invention, has all been documented in claims.
Claims (6)
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| CN201410384908.7A CN104158245B (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2014-08-06 | A comprehensive lithium battery pack equalization circuit and equalization method |
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| CN201410384908.7A CN104158245B (en) | 2014-08-06 | 2014-08-06 | A comprehensive lithium battery pack equalization circuit and equalization method |
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| CN106374149A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-02-01 | 东莞力朗电池科技有限公司 | A multi-cell lithium battery cell pressure difference balancing system |
| EP4372954A4 (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2024-11-06 | Vivo Mobile Communication Co., Ltd. | Battery charging control circuit and electronic device |
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| EP4372954A4 (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2024-11-06 | Vivo Mobile Communication Co., Ltd. | Battery charging control circuit and electronic device |
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| CN104158245B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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