Method of testing and the device of the evaporator of organic Lang Ken circulation ORC system
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy waste heat recovery field, and relate to thermal conduction study, refrigeration air-conditioner and experiment test field, specifically relate to the ORC system of used heat energy recovery, vaporizer-superheater performance test methods and device.
Background technology
Along with the Related products such as energy crisis increases the weight of day by day, energy-conserving and environment-protective are more and more subject to the attention in market.And organic Lang Ken circulation ORC technology to be to absorb various middle low-grade heat source heats, and be converted into various forms useful work or electric energy and be subject to the favor in more and more people or market.As, utilize industrial waste heat, underground heat, sun power to carry out the generating of ORC system.At present, the ORC system using the used heat of cylinder sleeve of engine water and high-temperature flue gas as thermal source, is also subject to more and more research and development in field of internal combustion engine.
In these ORC system products, various forms used heat is converted into the refrigerant with acting ability, all in vaporizer-superheater, complete.How effectively to design or develop this vaporizer-superheater, experiment test is indispensable research and development means.This heat interchanger product of vaporizer-superheater, is not new parts, but applies product for many years in field of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, and its method of testing is also ripe, and carries out testing standard.
For ORC system vaporizer-superheater, different significantly again from traditional field of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning evaporator, its key distinction is, field of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning evaporator be refrigerant under low pressure, absorb heat and realize evaporation.And evaporator in ORC system is under very high pressure, realize absorb heat, and evaporate overheated.Therefore on method of testing and device, also there is a great difference.
At present the method for testing of evaporator is mainly contained to two kinds, a kind of is, in traditional refrigerated air-conditioning system, to utilize the parts such as compressor, throttling valve, the coolant system of composition refrigeration, refrigerant in test block evaporator, heat absorption evaporation; Another kind is exactly based on ORC system principle, utilizes refrigerant pump and decompressor composition coolant system, realizes refrigerant under condition of high voltage, and refrigerant absorbs heat, evaporation.
In traditional refrigerated air-conditioning system, utilize compressor, under refrigerant low pressure, absorb heat of vaporization, inconsistent with waste heat recovery ORC system, it cannot meet test performance requirement.Utilize ORC system principle, adopt refrigerant pump and decompressor, can realize the requirement of experiment in the evaporation of evaporator inner high voltage to refrigerant, but system complex is huge.Especially add after decompressor, by decompressor control, regulate evaporator internal pressure, very complicated.
Summary of the invention
What the present invention will solve is the problems referred to above that prior art exists, for convenient test is for heat transfer and the resistance performance test of all kinds of evaporators of ORC system, take into full account that simplicity, reliability and the test operation of system is easy to regulate the requirement of different operating modes, the present invention has provided a kind of for testing experimental technique and the device of ORC system evaporator.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions: the proving installation of the evaporator of organic Lang Ken circulation ORC system, comprise the refrigerant medium circulation system, external heat source system, external refrigeration water system and control system, it is characterized in that:
The described refrigerant medium circulation system comprises reservoir, frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump, cold medium flux meter, medium side with medium side, variable cross section throttling valve and the condenser of the liquid reserve tank of electric heater for heat conduction oil, evaporator test block;
Described external heat source system comprises heat source side and the heat source flowmeter of tested evaporator;
Described external refrigeration water system comprises cooling water side, cooling water flow adjustable valve and the external refrigeration device of condenser;
The refrigerant of described evaporator test block is imported and exported and thermal source is imported and exported equal set temperature and pressure transducer.
The described refrigerant medium circulation system provides actuating medium refrigerant for evaporator test block; Described external heat source system provides heat of vaporization for evaporating test block; Described external refrigeration water system is for ensureing the normal working cycle of coolant system.
The present invention also will provide a kind of method of testing of evaporator of organic Lang Ken circulation ORC system, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps: utilize and formulate thermal source, heating ORC system refrigerant medium absorbs heat refrigerant medium, explosive evaporatoin or overheated in evaporator test block; Regulate the refrigerant in electric heater for heat conduction oil preheating liquid reserve tank, control the ice-forming processes outside pipes of evaporator test block at set-point; Regulate variable cross section throttling valve, control the refrigerant intake pressure of evaporator test block at set-point; Regulate frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump, control the cold medium flux of evaporator test block at set-point; The temperature and pressure of the refrigerant exit of test evaporator test block.
The present invention also will provide the method for testing of the evaporator of another kind of organic Lang Ken circulation ORC system, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps: utilize and formulate thermal source, heating ORC system refrigerant medium absorbs heat refrigerant medium, explosive evaporatoin or overheated in evaporator test block; Control evaporator test block thermal source inlet temperature, pressure and flow at set-point; By regulating frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump control cold medium flux, ensure that the refrigerant degree of superheat is at 3~5 DEG C; Test cold medium flux, thermal source outlet temperature and pressure, thereby realize heat transfer and the resistance performance of test evaporator test block.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, in coolant system of the present invention, utilize frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump to transmit refrigerant medium, this and traditional refrigerating air conditioning device or experimental provision have fundamental difference.In tradition refrigerating plant air-conditioning, in evaporator, refrigerant is the evaporation of under low pressure absorbing heat, and uses compressor suction evaporator outlet gaseous coolant working medium to realize refrigerant medium and circulates in system.And the present invention adopts frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump to carry refrigerant medium, obtain high pressure refrigerant medium and absorb heat in evaporator, realize refrigerant medium circulation.And refrigerant pump is because the working medium of transmission is all liquid, and its consumed power is less, and noise is little.
2, the adjusting of the evaporating pressure of refrigerant of the present invention in evaporator is to realize upstream pressure by the throttling valve of a variable cross section, that is to say the adjusting of evaporating pressure in evaporator.This adjusting and conventional ORC system have remarkable difference.In conventional ORC system and device, be by decompressor structure or decompressor rotating speed are realized to the adjusting to evaporating pressure.This regulative mode, has very large limitation, and it is mainly manifested in, once the sizing of the structure of decompressor, it is difficult to change the variation of its flow and pressure.All generally relatively to be fixed in some specific regions, experiment variable working condition ability.Meanwhile, also restricted generator or other gear trains of being connected with decompressor of decompressor rotational speed regulation.Therefore, its adaptive faculty is limited, at the proving installation to ORC parts such as evaporators, is not most suitable.And in the present invention, adopt simple variable cross section throttling valve, by the throttling action of throttling valve, before and after experimental provision valve, be easy to set up its pressure differential.And this pressure is easy to regulate, without any moving component, simple for structure.And noiselessness or noise are very little.
3, in coolant system, liquid reserve tank is the primary heater as refrigerant with electric heater for heat conduction oil, and this primary heater is for regulating evaporator refrigerant medium in design temperature.Because refrigerant medium great majority belong to freon working medium, when it is subject to high-temperature wall surface heating, easily localized hyperthermia's cracking, causes refrigerant medium to lose efficacy.For this reason, in system and device of the present invention, adopt a refrigerant liquid reserve tank with electric heater.This device, electric heater adopts indirect heating mode, as adopted the well heater of electric-heating heat-conductive oil, to refrigerant indirect heating.Meanwhile, adopt liquid reserve tank, because refrigerant quality is large, thereby there is larger thermal inertia, ensure that ice-forming processes outside pipes is in metastable state, thereby ensure to adopt the present invention, the stability of system test data and accuracy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the proving installation of the evaporator of the organic Lang Ken circulation of the present invention ORC system.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the proving installation of the evaporator of organic Lang Ken circulation ORC system of the present invention, comprises the refrigerant medium circulation system, external heat source system, external refrigeration water system and control system.
The described refrigerant medium circulation system comprises reservoir 1, frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump 2, cold medium flux meter 3, medium side with medium side, variable cross section throttling valve 6 and the condenser 7 of the liquid reserve tank 4 of electric heater for heat conduction oil 13, evaporator test block 5.
In this system, first, frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump 2 pumps refrigerant from reservoir 1, enters liquid reserve tank 4 after boosting.Refrigerant medium is heated in the liquid reserve tank 4 with electric heater for heat conduction oil 13, make it in setting under working condition after temperature, refrigerant enters the medium side in evaporator test block 5, carries out after heat interchange with external heat source, refrigerant, after throttling valve 6, is got back to the medium side of condenser 7; In condenser, refrigerant and external refrigeration water carry out exchange heat, and refrigerant is condensed into after liquid refrigerants by gaseous state, are back in reservoir 1, thereby realize the circulation of refrigerant medium.
In refrigerant circulation process, control system, by the control to frequency converter, changes the power frequency of the motor that is connected with frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump 2, realizes the rotational speed regulation to frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump 2, thereby realizes the adjusting to refrigerant pump flow.
Refrigerant medium is after 2 pressurizations of frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump, the liquid coolant that becomes high pressure enters liquid reserve tank 4, in liquid reserve tank, electric heater for heat conduction oil 13 is set, realize the electrical heating regulating and controlling to refrigerant medium temperature indirectly, and avoid refrigerant medium to run into after high-temperature metal hot face, the cracking of refrigerant medium and inefficacy are rotten.
Reach design temperature refrigerant medium and enter in evaporator test block 5, absorb the heat of external heat source, realize exchange heat.Import and export in evaporator test block 5 both sides working medium, all set temperature sensor and pressure transducer, test respectively refrigerant medium and external heat source as hot water, the out temperature of deep fat or high-temperature flue gas and pressure.And respectively with cold medium flux meter 3 and heat source flowmeter 10, the mass rate of test refrigerant medium and external heat source.
Described external heat source system comprises heat source side and the heat source flowmeter 10 of tested evaporator 5.External heat source system, its major function is to provide thermal source and heat.According to the difference of test block, as hot water evaporator, the evaporator of deep fat evaporator and high-temperature flue gas etc., configure different external heat sources.In external heat source system, need to configure heat source flowmeter 10, evaporator test block out temperature and pressure transducer.As for other parts of heat source system, if pump, valve, well heater etc. are all apparent, belong to normal heating power pipeline and the conventional combination of system.In this patent, for test different types evaporator, external heat source configuration is not identical.As, flue gas evaporator, can adopt alcohol combustor to obtain high-temperature flue gas, and hot water or deep fat adopt independent electric heater to realize test block inlet temperature and flow and pressure control control.
Described external refrigeration water system comprises cooling water side, cooling water flow adjustable valve 9 and the external refrigeration device of condenser 7.The external refrigeration tower that described external refrigeration device is passable or the independent device of controlling cooling water temperature and flow, realize the control to outside cooling water temperature and flow, and then realize the transformation from gaseous state to liquid refrigerant to refrigerant medium.
Described control system can realize following regulation and control:
1, by frequency converter, control frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump 2, realize cold medium flux control;
2, regulate the aperture of variable cross section throttling valve 6, realize the regulation and control to evaporator test block intake pressure;
3, by regulating the power of electric heater for heat conduction oil 13, the inlet temperature that regulates refrigerant to enter evaporator test block 5;
4,, by the adjusting of external heat source, control external heat source working medium enters temperature and flow and the pressure of test block 5;
5, by regulating cooling water flow adjustable valve 9, the flow of outside chilled water is regulated, thereby control refrigerant medium state after condenser.
For convenient test is for heat transfer and the resistance performance test of all kinds of evaporators of ORC system, take into full account that simplicity, reliability and the test operation of system is easy to regulate the requirement of different operating modes, the present invention has provided a kind of for testing the experimental technique of ORC system evaporator, carries out according to the following steps:
Utilize and formulate thermal source, heating ORC system refrigerant medium, makes refrigerant medium in the interior heat absorption of evaporator test block 5, explosive evaporatoin or overheated; Regulate the refrigerant in electric heater for heat conduction oil 13 preheating liquid reserve tanks 4, control the ice-forming processes outside pipes T1 of evaporator test block 5 at set-point; Regulate variable cross section throttling valve 6, control the refrigerant intake pressure P1 of evaporator test block 5 at set-point; Regulate frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump 2, control the cold medium flux of evaporator test block 5 at set-point; The temperature T 2 of the refrigerant exit of test evaporator test block 5 and pressure P 2.
The another kind of preferred mode of the present invention is that concrete steps are as follows using the refrigerant degree of superheat as control object:
Utilize and formulate thermal source, heating ORC system refrigerant medium, makes refrigerant medium in the interior heat absorption of evaporator test block 5, explosive evaporatoin or overheated; Control evaporator test block 5 thermal source inlet temperature T3, pressure P 3 and flow at set-point; By regulating frequency conversion high pressure refrigerant pump 2 to control cold medium flux, ensure that the refrigerant degree of superheat is at 3~5 DEG C; Test cold medium flux, thermal source outlet temperature T4 and pressure P 4, thereby realize heat transfer and the resistance performance of test evaporator test block.
Should be understood that: above-described embodiment is just to explanation of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention, and any innovation and creation that do not exceed within the scope of connotation of the present invention, within all falling into protection scope of the present invention.