A kind of ZnO nano-wire and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal oxide nano-wire catalytic field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method and performance study thereof that loads on the zinc oxide nanowire for light-catalyzed reaction in macropore.
Background technology
Nano-catalytic be in nano science and nanochemistry one fascinating, field with broad prospects for development.In recent years, catalysis is the motive force of development of chemical industry, can make natural resources be used more effectively, and reduces and utilize the pollution bringing in process, makes our chemical industry safer, efficient, but still has some problems.Nano particle, because its size is little, specific surface is large, makes it possess the primary condition as heterogeneous catalysis, can be applied to the fields such as using energy source, medicine manufacture, environmental protection.But, because nano particle specific area is large, surface can be very high, as easy as rolling off a log reunion.In course of reaction, also there is the problems such as active component easily runs off, the difficult recovery of catalyst.If can not resolve these problems, cannot bring into play the advantage of nano material as catalyst.And nano wire is as a kind of novel monodimension nanometer material, there is highly regular surface crystal structure, nano wire, compared with nano particle, has retained the small-size effect (diameter nanoscale) of nano particle, can have higher catalytic reaction activity; The macroscopic properties (length micron order) of simultaneously also having introduced body phase material can separate well from course of reaction, and the effecting reaction activated centre of catalyst is utilized more fully.In various one-dimensional nano structures, the ZnO material with hexagonal wurtzite structure causes that people especially pay close attention to.Because ZnO nano-wire raw material resources is abundant, low price, nontoxic to environment, and its surface area is huge, makes it produce the not available skin effect of body bulk material, small-size effect and macro quanta tunnel effect etc.
But, for the research of ZnO nano-wire constructing technology and catalytic performance thereof in macropore, also exist a lot of problems and need to go to solve.
First, their research emphasis of previous researcher is the synthetic of ZnO nano-wire, almost seldom relates to its catalytic performance.Whether, and can impact catalytic performance for the structural factor of zinc oxide nanowire still in exploration for the catalytic mechanism of ZnO nano-wire, further investigation, does not more have growth and the Photocatalytic Performance Study of zinc oxide nanowire in 3 D pore canal.
Secondly, carrier of photocatalyst should have the features such as gas-flow resistance is little, geometric jacquard patterning unit surface large, nothing wearing and tearing.It is high that the present invention has presented porosity, and specific area is large, has the macroporous catalyst carrier of heat endurance simultaneously.
Again, the catalytic activity of zinc oxide nanowire has much room for improvement.Significantly improving the catalytic activity of catalyst, the consumption of minimizing catalyst, is one of major issue of current needs.For heavy industrialization synthetic reaction, will save every year a large amount of funds.Therefore, improving activity and the utilization rate of catalyst, is the reason that present invention zinc oxide nanowire is grown in cuttlebone 3 D pore canal, and meanwhile, related invention also will greatly promote the development of nanocatalytic techniques.
Summary of the invention
For the above state of the art, technical problem to be solved by this invention is: for the deficiency of ZnO nano material catalyst, provide that a kind of reaction condition gentleness, preparation process are simple, with low cost, recoverable, environmental protection, be structured in the ZnO nano-wire with good catalytic performance and photocatalysis performance thereof in macropore.
The present invention for solving the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme is: synthetic a kind of metal oxide nano-wire that can be used for light-catalyzed reaction being structured in large pore material, described preparation method is using large pore material as carrier, react to each other to prepare metal oxide nano-wire by zinc salt, alkali source, specifically comprise the following steps:
Select commercially available dried cuttle fiss, from dried cuttle fiss, take out sampan shape cuttlebone and remove shell, cut into sheet, repeatedly rinse with distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and dry;
Zinc salt is soluble in water, obtain zinc salt solution, wherein zinc ion concentration is 0.018mol/L;
By soluble in water alkaline source natrium carbonicum calcinatum, obtain Carbon Dioxide sodium water solution, wherein the concentration of carbanion is about 0.589~2.356mol/L;
Zinc salt solution and Carbon Dioxide sodium solution are joined in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reactor successively, under magnetic stirring apparatus, stir 30~60min, wherein the mass ratio of natrium carbonicum calcinatum and zinc salt is 25~100:1, put into ready large pore material, in thermostatic drying chamber, at 80~140 DEG C, react 8~16h, after reaction finishes, it is cooling that reactor system leaves standstill nature;
Described large pore material carrier after leaving standstill is used respectively to repeatedly cyclic washing of distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and thermostatic drying chamber is dry, described in obtaining, is structured in the zinc oxide nanowire in macropore.
Alternatively, described large pore material carrier, its name is called cuttlebone, is called for short CB, and Fig. 1 is its ESEM structure chart.
Preferably, the method that described large pore material obtains is:
Select the commercially available dried cuttle fiss that 850~1025g is heavy, from dried cuttle fiss, take out sampan shape cuttlebone and remove shell, after cuttlebone is cut into long 10~15mm, wide 2~6mm, the specification plates of high 5~10mm, with distilled water continuous flushing 30~40min, and dry.
Alternatively, described zinc salt is selected from least one in zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc sulfate and zinc acetate.
Alternatively, the described nano zinc oxide material being structured in macropore is one dimension linear structure, and length is 5~35 μ m.
The present invention also provides a kind of zinc oxide nanowire being structured in macropore, described zinc oxide nanowire is that the preparation method who builds in macropore according to above-mentioned zinc oxide nanowire prepares, described zinc oxide nanowire is one dimension linear structure, and length is 5~35 μ m, for light-catalyzed reaction.
In solution, concentration is about 1~5mmol/L alkaline source natrium carbonicum calcinatum, and its mechanism of action is:
CO
3 2-+H
2O→HCO
3 -+OH
-
HCO
3 -+H
2O→H
2CO
3+OH
-
Zn
2++4OH
-→Zn(OH)
4 2-
Zn(OH)
4 2-→ZnO+H
2O+2OH
-
The hydrolysis of carbanion is carried out to the direction that generates hydroxide ion, zinc ion and hydroxide ion generate tetrahydroxy and close zinc complex ion, and then affect the concentration of Zn in solution (OH) 42-predecessor, finally affect the length of one-dimension zinc oxide nano wire.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and innovative point are as follows:
Utilize cuttlebone as synthesis material environmental protection, aboundresources, draws materials conveniently, can realize Industrial Technical Progress and naturally harmonious development, once technology maturation can large-scale develop and utilize, can realize industrialization and drive related industry development.
It is template that the present invention utilizes the natural loose structure of cuttlebone, the three-dimensional macropore catalysis material that connects of preparation.Compared with the catalyst carrier synthetic with chemical method, cuttlebone has natural porous room rack and panel construction, and aperture is large, and porous nickel, through a series of processing and reaction, makes it to be converted into catalyst carrier, keeps the loose structure of cuttlebone simultaneously.
The present invention, by selecting zinc salt, the alkali source of variable concentrations, controls reaction time, reaction temperature, realizes zinc oxide nanowire length scale and dispersed Effective Regulation, obtains the different zinc oxide nanowire of major diameter, and it has broad application prospects at catalytic field.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the ESEM structure chart of cuttlebone CB;
Fig. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of embodiment of the present invention ZnO nano-wire.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Embodiment 1
Get respectively the zinc chloride of 0.2g (0.018mol/L), the natrium carbonicum calcinatum of 5g (0.589mol/L) and the distilled water of 80mL, join successively in the reactor of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of 100mL, room temperature environment lower magnetic force stirs 30min, put at 80 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers and react 8h, it is naturally cooling that reaction finishes rear standing reactor.The cuttlebone of acquisition is used respectively to distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol cyclic washing, to remove cuttlebone surface residue, finally put into dry 4h at 60 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers, can obtain the zinc oxide nanowire being structured in macropore.This for product ESEM (SEM) be viewed as one dimension wire nano wire, size is about 5~15 μ m.
Wherein, the preparation method of described cuttlebone comprises: select the commercially available dried cuttle fiss that 850~1025g is heavy, from dried cuttle fiss, take out sampan shape cuttlebone and remove shell, after cuttlebone is cut into long 10~15mm, wide 2~6mm, the specification plates of high 5~10mm, with distilled water continuous flushing 30~40min, and dry.
Embodiment 2
Get respectively the natrium carbonicum calcinatum of zinc chloride, 10 (1.178mol/L) g of 0.2g (0.018mol/L) and the distilled water of 80mL, join successively in the reactor of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of 100mL, room temperature environment lower magnetic force stirs 30min, put at 100 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers and react 10h, it is naturally cooling that reaction finishes rear standing reactor.The cuttlebone of acquisition is used respectively to distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol cyclic washing, to remove cuttlebone surface residue, finally put into dry 4h at 60 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers, can obtain the zinc oxide nanowire being structured in macropore.This for product ESEM (SEM) be viewed as one dimension wire nano wire, size is about 10~20 μ m.
Embodiment 3
Get respectively the zinc chloride of 0.2g (0.018mol/L), the natrium carbonicum calcinatum of 15g (1.767mol/L) and the distilled water of 80mL, join successively in the reactor of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of 100mL, room temperature environment lower magnetic force stirs 50min, put at 120 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers and react 12h, it is naturally cooling that reaction finishes rear standing reactor.The cuttlebone of acquisition is used respectively to distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol cyclic washing, to remove cuttlebone surface residue, finally put into dry 4h at 60 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers, can obtain the zinc oxide nanowire being structured in macropore.This for product ESEM (SEM) be viewed as one dimension wire nano wire, size is about 15~35 μ m.
Embodiment 4
Get respectively the zinc chloride of 0.2g (0.018mol/L), the natrium carbonicum calcinatum of 20g (2.356mol/L) and the distilled water of 80mL, join successively in the reactor of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of 100mL, room temperature environment lower magnetic force stirs 60min, put at 140 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers and react 12h, it is naturally cooling that reaction finishes rear standing reactor.The cuttlebone of acquisition is used respectively to distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol cyclic washing, to remove cuttlebone surface residue, finally put into dry 4h at 60 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers, can obtain the zinc oxide nanowire being structured in macropore.This for product ESEM (SEM) be viewed as one dimension wire nano wire, size is about 15~35 μ m.
With embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, the cuttlebone of load zinc oxide nanowire prepared by embodiment 4 is catalyst, carries out catalytic reaction:
The cuttlebone that uses the load zinc oxide nanowire prepared of above-described embodiment 1 carries out catalytic reaction for catalyst, reaction condition is: be that 10mg/L methyl orange solution 20mL joins in the 25mL pyrex glass reactor of the cuttlebone photochemical catalyst that the prepared load zinc oxide nanowire of embodiment 1 is housed by initial concentration, (in order to avoid destroying cuttlebone catalyst) stirs 30min to reach absorption and desorption balance at a slow speed, is then exposed under uviol lamp.Sample solution is removed and analyzes every 30min, measures the degradation rate of methyl orange solution with 752N ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer, and degradation rate reaches more than 81.2%.
The cuttlebone that uses the load zinc oxide nanowire prepared of above-described embodiment 2 carries out catalytic reaction for catalyst, reaction condition is: be that 10mg/L methyl orange solution 20mL joins in the 25mL pyrex glass reactor of the cuttlebone photochemical catalyst that the prepared load zinc oxide nanowire of embodiment 2 is housed by initial concentration, (in order to avoid destroying cuttlebone catalyst) stirs 30min to reach absorption and desorption balance at a slow speed, is then exposed under uviol lamp.Sample solution is removed and analyzes every 30min, measures the degradation rate of methyl orange solution with 752N ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer, and degradation rate reaches more than 83.5%.
The cuttlebone that uses the load zinc oxide nanowire prepared of above-described embodiment 3 carries out catalytic reaction for catalyst, reaction condition is: initial concentration is respectively to 10mg/L methyl orange solution 20mL and joins in the 25mL pyrex glass reactor of the cuttlebone photochemical catalyst that the prepared load zinc oxide nanowire of embodiment 3 is housed, (in order to avoid destroying cuttlebone catalyst) stirs 30min to reach absorption and desorption balance at a slow speed, is then exposed under uviol lamp.Sample solution is removed and analyzes every 30min, measures the degradation rate of methyl orange solution with 752N ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer, and degradation rate reaches more than 92.4%.
The cuttlebone that uses the load zinc oxide nanowire prepared of above-described embodiment 4 carries out catalytic reaction for catalyst, reaction condition is: initial concentration is respectively to 10mg/L methyl orange solution 20mL and joins in the 25mL pyrex glass reactor of the cuttlebone photochemical catalyst that the prepared load zinc oxide nanowire of embodiment 4 is housed, (in order to avoid destroying cuttlebone catalyst) stirs 30min to reach absorption and desorption balance at a slow speed, is then exposed under uviol lamp.Sample solution is removed and analyzes every 30min, measures the degradation rate of methyl orange solution with 752N ultraviolet-uisible spectrophotometer, and degradation rate reaches more than 93.5%.
Those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.