CN104145041B - Coated cutting tool - Google Patents

Coated cutting tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104145041B
CN104145041B CN201380011922.6A CN201380011922A CN104145041B CN 104145041 B CN104145041 B CN 104145041B CN 201380011922 A CN201380011922 A CN 201380011922A CN 104145041 B CN104145041 B CN 104145041B
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Prior art keywords
composition
region
target
cutting tool
coated cutting
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201380011922.6A
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CN104145041A (en
Inventor
比约恩·埃里克松
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Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
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Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
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Priority claimed from EP12157471.9A external-priority patent/EP2634285A1/en
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Abstract

The present invention relates to one and include substrate and the coated cutting tool of multilamellar (Ti, Al) N coating.Described coating includes three regions: near the first area (A) of substrate, the second area (B) adjacent with first area and the 3rd region (C) of outermost.All three region the most each includes the multilamellar aperiodic structure of (Ti, Al) N, and the average composition in the most each region is different from each other, and the ratio of the wherein thickness of region C and region B is 1.3 to 2.2, and wherein zRegion C> zRegion B, wherein z is the average ratio z=Ti/Al formed of regional.This coating has low residual stress.

Description

Coated cutting tool
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coated cutting tool including substrate and PVD coating, wherein (Ti, Al) N coating has non- Cycle laminated coating structure.
Background of invention
The PVD coating of (Ti, the Al) N on cutting element is commonly known in the art.Describe the most in the prior art Homogenizing coating and include the coating of multiple thin layer.
EP 983393A1 describes multiple structure aperiodic of a kind of alternately nitride layer, such as TiN/TiAlN multilamellar.
EP 1795628A1 describes a kind of coated cutting tool insert with PVD coating, including Al alternatelyxTi1- xN shell and TiyAl1-yMultiple structure aperiodic of N shell, wherein x=0.4-0.7, and y=0.6-1, one of them A+B-subgrade Average thickness is at 30-300nm, in the range of preferably 60-120nm.
The PVD coating of multilamellar (Ti, Al) N is generally of the residual compressive stress increased along with coating layer thickness.If it is remaining Compressive stress becomes too high, then coating will rupture, particularly in the position near cutting edge.On the other hand, thicker coating There is higher wearability, life tools can be increased.
The performance of the PVD coating improving multilamellar (Ti, Al) N of constantly making efforts, and always aim at there is low pressure The relatively thick coating of stress.
Summary of the invention
Therefore it is an object of the invention to provide multilamellar (Ti, Al) the NPVD coating with relatively low residual compressive stress.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide multilamellar (Ti, the Al) N of the thickness can under not rupture event with increase PVD coating.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide the method that one prepares multilamellar (Ti, Al) N PVD coating.
Now have been found that and be capable of above-mentioned purpose by the present invention as mentioned below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to coating of the present invention, and wherein A, B represent three different region A, B and C with C, and wherein D represents substrate.
Fig. 2 illustrates the XRD diffraction pattern of the coating according to the present invention.I (111), I (200) and I (220) peak can be clearly seen There is notable intensity.
Fig. 3 illustrates the XRD diffraction pattern of the coating according to embodiment 3 (comparative example 1).Compared with Fig. 1 (present invention), I (111) The most notable with I (200) peak.
Fig. 4 illustrates the XRD diffraction pattern of the coating according to embodiment 2 (prior art).Compared with Fig. 1 (present invention), I And I (200) peak is the most notable (111).
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention relates to one and include substrate and the coated cutting tool of multilamellar (Ti, Al) N coating.Described coating includes three Individual region: near the first area (A) of substrate, the second area (B) adjacent with first area and the 3rd region of outermost (C).Region B and C each includes the multilamellar aperiodic structure of independent (Ti, Al) N shell X and Y alternately, the wherein group of individual course X Become there is higher Ti content compared with individual course Y.The average composition in each region is different from each other, and wherein region C and region B The ratio of thickness is 1.3 to 2.2, preferably 1.4 to 1.9, and wherein zRegion C> zRegion B, wherein z is the average ratio formed of regional Value z=Ti/Al.
Suitably, region A is homogenizing (Ti, Al) N shell, consisting of TiaAl1-aN, wherein 70≤a≤90, preferably 70 ≤a≤80.The thickness of region A is suitably 0.05 to 0.5 μm, preferably 0.075 to 0.2 μm.
In an embodiment of the invention, the multilamellar of each independent (Ti, Al) N shell X and Y freely replaced of region B and C Aperiodic structure forms, i.e. deposit without other layer in B and C of region.
Each region includes multilamellar aperiodic structure, and it is random in each region, i.e. specific in multiple structure The thickness of individual course is both unrelated with the thickness of the directly individual course under it, also with this specific individual course on the thickness of individual course Spend unrelated.Described multiple structure in the sequence of at least 10 continuous individual courses without any repetition period.Putting down of described individual course All thickness is more than 0.1nm but less than 100nm, preferably greater than 0.5nm but less than 50nm, most preferably greater than 1nm less than 30nm.Described In multiple structure, any ten pantostrat sums are less than 300nm.
Region B and C each in, the structure of described layer thickness also result in the composition of described multilamellar aperiodic structure with The mode of machine changes.Although the composition measured at specific site is by difference, but measures and exceed what at least 100 individual courses obtained Average composition will keep identical in whole region B and region C respectively.It means that in whole region, except layer aperiodic The change at random that structure causes, there will be no clear and definite gradient or other control model in the composition.
Owing to thickness is little, in the case of therefore there is no the contribution of adjacent layer, it is impossible to easily record in described multiple structure The composition of each individual course.Can be measured be large number of individual course, preferably average group in whole multiple structure Become.But, the composition of each individual course can be estimated according to the composition of used target, but this can not provide accurate group Become.When deposited thicker layer, it is sufficiently thick to be analyzed, it has been shown that the composition of sedimentary can be with target material Composition differs several percentage ratios.For this reason, any composition of the individual course of multiple structure of the present invention mentioned below is all It is that the composition of the target used during deposition is estimated.
Multiple structure refers to the structure of at least 5 individual courses herein.But, its can include the most thousands of individually Layer.Multiple structure in B and C of region includes (Ti, Al) N individual course X and Y alternately each other with different composition.
In an embodiment of the invention, described individual course X has TiaAl1-aThe composition of N, wherein 70≤a≤90, Preferably 70≤a≤80, and described individual course Y has TibAl1-bThe composition of N, wherein 33≤b≤40, preferably 34≤b≤39.
Coating according to the present invention suitably has-0.5 to-1.5GPa, and the residual pressure of preferably-0.75 to-1.25GPa should Power.Measured by X-ray diffraction, use I.C.Noyan, J.B.Cohen at Residual Stress Measurement by Diffraction and Interpretation (measures residual stress by diffraction and explanation), Springer-Verlag, knob About, the known sin described in 1987 (117-130 pages)2ψ method, assesses residual stress.Use CuK alpha ray at (Ti, Al) N (200) described measurement is carried out in reflection.At the sin selected2The situation at six to ten one, preferably eight equidistant ψ angles in the range of ψ Under, use inclination technology (ψ geometry).The Φ angle being equally spaced in preferably 90 ° Φ sectors.In order to confirm two-dimensional state of stress, Sample should rotate to Φ=0 and 90 ° when ψ is tilted.Shear stress that may be present, the most positive and negative ψ are investigated in suggestion Angle all should be measured.In the case of Euler 1/4 reel cage (cradle), this for different ψ angles also by Φ=180 and 270 ° Lower measurement sample completes.Measurement should be carried out on the most flat surface, preferably carries out on the rear knife face of blade.For calculating Residual-stress value, Poisson's ratio=0.20 of use, and Young's modulus E=450GPa.For data assessment, use available commercial The DIFFRAC of software such as Bruker AXSPlusStress32v1.04, preferably uses Pseudo-Voigt-Fit functional localization (200) reflection.In the case of two-dimensional state of stress, total stress is calculated as the meansigma methods of the biaxial stress obtained.
When measuring with XRD, according to the coating of the present invention, suitably there is the I (111) of notable intensity, I (200) and I (220).The intensity ratio at 111 and 200 peaks is suitably 0.7 to 1.5, and preferably 0.8 to 1.4, most preferably 0.9 to 1.35.111 Hes The intensity ratio at 220 peaks is suitably 1 to 7, and preferably 2 to 6.
Coating according to the present invention suitably has the hardness of 25 to 45GPa, preferably 30 to 40GPa.Described coating also has There is 450 to 650GPa, the elastic modelling quantity of preferably 500 to 600GPa.Consistency and elasticity modulus is assessed with nano impress under 50mN.
The gross thickness of Bulk coat is suitably 0.5 to 15 μm, preferably 1 to 10 μm, most preferably 3 to 6 μm.Be given herein All thickness be all to measure on the surface the most flat from target demand line.For being fixed on pin during deposition Blade on shape support (pins stick), it means that be to measure thickness at the center of the side directly facing target.For Irregular surface, such as those surfaces on drill bit and end mill(ing) cutter, thickness provided herein refers at the most flat any table Face or have relatively large curvature and with any edge or turning have on the surface of some distances measure thickness.Such as, at drill bit On, measure on the outer periphery, and on end mill(ing) cutter, be to measure at rear knife face.Measurement described herein is the horizontal stroke in polishing Carry out on cross section.
Average chemical composition in described multiple structure is to use EDS (energy disperse spectroscopy) to measure on coating top view.
Cutting element described herein refers to blade, drill bit, end mill(ing) cutter and replaceable drill tip.
In an embodiment of the invention, described substrate is hard alloy, ceramic metal, pottery or cubic boron nitride Coated cutting tool.
In an embodiment of the invention, described substrate is hard alloy or the drill bit of high-speed steel or end mill(ing) cutter.
The invention still further relates to a kind of use cathodic arc evaporation deposit manufacture according to coated cutting tool mentioned above Method.Settling chamber includes 6 flanges, and each flange includes at least one (Ti, Al) target.3 flange bags in described flange Including the target with composition X, and other 3 flanges include having the target forming Y, wherein composition X has more compared with composition Y High Ti content.Described method also includes:
-the first deposition step, the target wherein with composition X is active, and in the presence of nitrogen, and bias is 100 to 200V, preferably 125 to 175V.
-the second deposition step, the target of the most all 6 flanges is active, in the presence of nitrogen, and bias It is 30 to 60V, preferably 35 to 50V.
-the three deposition step, wherein has the closedown of one of flange of target forming Y by comprising so that it is remaining target is protected Hold in state of activation, at N2In the presence of gas, and bias is 30 to 60V, preferably 35 to 50V.
In an embodiment of the invention, described deposition is continuous print.Referred to herein as, in continual situation Under, complete the change between different deposition step, i.e. always have at least 3 flanges to be active.
Each flange includes at least one target, preferably 1-6 target, more preferably 3-5 target, most preferably 4 targets. Suitably, all targets in a flange all have identical composition.As follows target is arranged in settling chamber, Which makes the flange comprising the target with X composition always adjacent with the flange comprising the target with Y composition.
In an embodiment of the invention, the distance < 200mm between described target and cutting element to be coated.
In an embodiment of the invention, described target composition X has composition TiaAl1-aN, wherein 70≤a≤90, Preferably 70≤a≤80, and described target composition Y there is composition TibAl1-bN, wherein 33≤b≤40, preferably 34≤b≤39.
The non-periodic sequence of described individual course thickness is by Random-Rotation or mobile base to be coated before described target The end and produce.This preferably turns and realizes on substrate turntable by substrate is placed in 3 respin, arranges this 3 respin and turns substrate turntable To obtain described aperiodic structure.This 3 respin turns and can carry out clockwise or counterclockwise in terms of rotary speed and direction of rotation Regulation.
In an enforcement of the present invention sends, the settling chamber described in EP 2037000A1 carries out described deposition.
The method of the present invention may also include different pre-treatments or post-processing step.
In an embodiment of the invention, described method includes pre-treatment, and it includes substrate is carried out sandblasting, preferably Two step grit blasting operation, it include the first dry type sandblasting step with provide chamfering substrate, be followed by the second wet blast step with Remove the residue of dry type sandblasting step.But, this sandblasting also can be carried out with dry type sandblasting or wet blast.Pre-treatment sandblasting Parameter can change, and be known to those skilled in the art.
In one embodiment, the coating formed by one or more above-mentioned steps is made to stand post processing, this rear place Reason includes sandblasting, optional shot peening etc..In one aspect, described sandblasting can provide smoother surface.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1 (present invention)
The cutting element of the replaceable drill tip shape being made up of hard alloy is placed in the PVD as described in EP 2037000A1 be coated with Cover indoor.Deposition is completed by arc evaporation.6 flanges respectively with 4 targets are contained in settling chamber.The target that 3 flanges include For Al0.25Ti0.75Alloy, and the target that other 3 flanges include is Al0.67Ti0.33Alloy.
In nitrogen atmosphere under 8 microbars (μ bar) pressure, use Al0.25Ti0.75Target material deposition (Ti, Al) N adhesion layer (layer A).The thickness of described adhesion layer is about 0.15 μm.All flanges are made to be in activation shape in nitrogen atmosphere under 20 microbar pressure The state deposition second layer (layer B).By triple rotations of instrument in settling chamber, it is thus achieved that aperiodic laminate structure.The thickness of the second layer It is 1.9 μm.Al is averagely consisted of with what SEM-EDS detection obtained this layer0.42Ti0.58.Under 20 microbar pressure in nitrogen atmosphere Deposition third layer (layer C), wherein uses 5 in 6 flanges, has and consist of Al0.67Ti0.33A flange quilt of target Close, thus the Al being active0.67Ti0.33The amount of alloy target material is in the Al of state of activation0.25Ti0.75Alloys target The 2/3 of the amount of material.
By triple rotations of instrument in settling chamber, it is thus achieved that aperiodic laminate structure.The thickness of third layer is 3 μm.With SEM-EDS detection obtains the average target of third layer and consists of Al0.38Ti0.62.The gross thickness of the coating applied is 5 μm.Use SEM- The Bulk coat that EDS obtains in top view detection consists of Al0.40Ti0.60
Embodiment 2 (prior art)
The cutting element with the replaceable drill tip shape of size, geometry and composition same as in Example 1 is placed in In the PVD coating room being referred to as RCS of Oerlikon Balzers, it is evaporated into deposition with electric arc.With Ti target at nitrogen Depositing TiN adhesion layer under gas and argon gas atmosphere.The coating layer thickness of TiN adhesion layer is 0.15 μm.Use by Al0.50Ti0.50Close with Ti Gold composition target under 32 microbar pressure at N2Atmosphere deposits the second layer.By triple rotations of instrument in settling chamber, obtain Obtain laminate structure aperiodic.The thickness of the second layer is 3.2 μm.Averagely consisting of of this coating is obtained with SEM-EDS detection Al0.15Ti0.85.With by Al0.16Ti0.84The target of alloy composition deposits the third layer of outermost under nitrogen and argon gas atmosphere.Pass through Triple rotations of instrument in settling chamber, it is thus achieved that aperiodic laminate structure.The thickness of third layer is 0.3 μm.Detect with SEM-EDS Al is averagely consisted of to third layer0.16Ti0.84.The integral thickness of the coating applied is 3.7 μm.
Embodiment 3 (comparative example 1)
As a comparison case, use and obtain including the coating of layer A, B and C with the same principle deposition described in embodiment 1, different Part is that the ratio of the thickness of layer B and C is 1, i.e. two-layer has identical thickness.Total coating thickness is 3.2 μm.This coating quilt It is referred to as comparative example 1.
Embodiment 4 (comparative example 2)
As another comparative example, deposition only includes the coating of layer A and B.Principle deposition in the same manner as in Example 1 is used to be coated with Layer.This coating is referred to as comparative example 2.
Embodiment 5 (residual stress)
Coating as deposited in embodiment 1-5 is measured residual stress.Use method XRD as noted in the discussion Measure.Result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Sample Residual stress (GPa)
The present invention (embodiment 1) -0.92
Prior art (embodiment 2) -3.5
Comparative example 1 (C/B ratio=1) -2.6
Comparative example 2 (A+B) -3.7
RealExecute example 6
The instrument of embodiment 1 and 2 is carried out borehole test.
Life tools, evaluation criterion was along cutting edge tipping and corner wear.The hole bored during by arriving tool life criteria Number, the survey tool life-span.Result is shown in table 2.
Table 2
Number of perforations
The present invention (embodiment 1) 2000
Prior art (embodiment 2) 1268
Embodiment 7
The instrument of embodiment 1,2 and 3 (comparative example 1) is carried out borehole test.
Life tools, evaluation criterion was along cutting edge tipping and corner wear.The hole bored during by arriving tool life criteria Number, the survey tool life-span.Result is shown in table 3.
Table 3
Number of perforations
The present invention (embodiment 1) 2000
Prior art (embodiment 2) 1024
Comparative example 1 854

Claims (11)

1. including substrate and the coated cutting tool of multilamellar (Ti, Al) N coating, wherein said coating includes three regions: Near the first area (A) of substrate, the second area (B) adjacent with first area and the 3rd region (C) of outermost, Qi Zhongqu Territory B and C each includes the multilamellar aperiodic structure of independent (Ti, Al) N shell X and Y alternately, and wherein the composition of individual course X has Higher Ti content compared with individual course Y, the average composition in the most each region is different from each other, and is characterised by, described list Solely layer X has composition TiaAl1-aN, wherein 0.7≤a≤0.9, and described individual course Y has composition TibAl1-bN, wherein 0.33≤ B≤0.4, the ratio of the thickness of region C and region B is 1.3 to 2.2, and wherein zRegion C> zRegion B, wherein z is the average of regional The ratio z=Ti/Al of composition.
Coated cutting tool the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described individual course X has composition TiaAl1-aN, its In 0.7≤a≤0.8, and described individual course Y has composition TibAl1-bN, wherein 0.34≤b≤0.39.
3. according to the coated cutting tool described in aforementioned any one claim, it is characterised in that in described aperiodic structure The thickness sum of ten continuous individual courses is less than 300nm.
Coated cutting tool the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that residual compressive stress be-0.5GPa to- 1.5GPa。
Coated cutting tool the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the ratio of the thickness of region C and region B is 1.4 to 1.9.
Coated cutting tool the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that region A is homogenizing (Ti, Al) N shell, its There is composition TiaAl1-aN, wherein 0.7≤a≤0.9.
Coated cutting tool the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that region B and C be each freely replace (Ti, Al) the multilamellar aperiodic structure composition of N shell X and Y.
8. preparing the method according to coated cutting tool described in any one in claim 1-7, described method includes carrying For substrate to be coated, and the step described substrate being placed in the settling chamber including altogether 6 flanges, each flange includes at least One (Ti, Al) target, the target that wherein 3 flanges include has X composition, and the target that other 3 flanges include has Y group Becoming, wherein X composition has higher Ti content compared with Y composition, the method comprise the steps that
First deposition step, the target wherein with composition X is active, and in the presence of nitrogen, and bias is 100- 200V,
Second deposition step, the target of the most all 6 flanges is active, and in the presence of nitrogen, and bias is 30- 60V,
3rd deposition step, wherein has the closedown of one of flange of target forming Y by comprising so that it is remaining target is maintained at sharp The state of living, in the presence of nitrogen, and bias is 30-60V.
The method preparing coated cutting tool the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that target X has composition TiaAl1- aN, wherein 0.7≤a≤0.9, and target Y has composition TibAl1-bN, wherein 0.33≤b≤0.4.
The method preparing coated cutting tool described in any one in-9 the most according to Claim 8, it is characterised in that target X There is composition TiaAl1-aN, wherein 0.7≤a≤0.8, and target Y has composition TibAl1-bN, wherein 0.34≤b≤0.39.
11. methods preparing coated cutting tool according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that described deposition is continuous 's.
CN201380011922.6A 2012-02-29 2013-02-26 Coated cutting tool Expired - Fee Related CN104145041B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12157471.9A EP2634285A1 (en) 2012-02-29 2012-02-29 Coated cutting tool
EP12157471.9 2012-02-29
PCT/EP2013/053807 WO2013127786A1 (en) 2012-02-29 2013-02-26 Coated cutting tool

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104145041A CN104145041A (en) 2014-11-12
CN104145041B true CN104145041B (en) 2016-11-30

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1978192A (en) * 2005-12-08 2007-06-13 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 Insert for milling of steel
CN101318229A (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-10 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 Coated cemented carbide cutting tool insert
CN101327524A (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-24 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 Carbide blade for parting, grooving and threading
CN101596611A (en) * 2008-06-02 2009-12-09 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 Be used to cut off, the carbide chip of grooving and cutting thread

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1978192A (en) * 2005-12-08 2007-06-13 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 Insert for milling of steel
CN101318229A (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-10 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 Coated cemented carbide cutting tool insert
CN101327524A (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-24 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 Carbide blade for parting, grooving and threading
CN101596611A (en) * 2008-06-02 2009-12-09 山特维克知识产权股份有限公司 Be used to cut off, the carbide chip of grooving and cutting thread

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