CN104142267B - Ground tensile test device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及岩土性能检测领域，提供了一种岩土抗拉试验装置，用于测试工字型试样抗拉强度，包括基座，基座上并排设有用于分别卡设所述试样两端部的固定试验盒以及移动试验盒，固定试验盒具有可使试样中间段伸出的第一作用板，移动试验盒具有可使试样中间段伸出的第二作用板，且第一作用板与第二作用板相对设置，移动试验盒连接有用于驱使其远离固定试验盒方向移动的推动装置。本发明通过两个试验盒对工字型试样形成夹持，在推动装置的作用下，两试验盒对试样的两端部产生力的作用，进而试样中间段产生形变，可以很方便检测出试样的抗拉性能，而且本装置可以对大尺寸试样进行试验，能够降低尺寸效应以及边界效应的影响，保证抗拉性能检测的准确性。
The invention relates to the field of rock and soil performance testing, and provides a rock and soil tensile test device, which is used for testing the tensile strength of an I-shaped sample, and includes a base on which there are arranged side by side for clamping the samples respectively. The fixed test box and the mobile test box at both ends, the fixed test box has a first action plate that can make the middle section of the sample protrude, the mobile test box has a second action plate that can make the middle section of the sample protrude, and the second action plate can make the middle section of the sample protrude. An action plate is arranged opposite to the second action plate, and the moving test box is connected with a pushing device for driving it to move away from the fixed test box. The present invention clamps the I-shaped sample through two test boxes. Under the action of the pushing device, the two test boxes generate force on the two ends of the sample, and then the middle section of the sample deforms, which can be very convenient. The tensile performance of the sample is detected, and the device can test large-scale samples, which can reduce the influence of size effect and boundary effect, and ensure the accuracy of tensile performance detection.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及岩土性能检测设备，尤其涉及一种岩土抗拉试验装置。The invention relates to rock and soil performance testing equipment, in particular to a rock and soil tensile test device.
背景技术Background technique
岩土体以及岩土体与构筑物接触面的抗拉强度对岩土工程的拉裂破坏具有重要意义。目前对于抗拉强度的试验测试常采用拉伸强度试验仪或者万能材料试验机，但是岩土材料具有散体材料特性，在取样夹持以及荷载施加等方面比较麻烦，无法采用现有的试验设备测试抗拉强度，而且现有的试验设备要求试样的尺寸较小，而较小尺寸的岩土体在试验测试时尺寸效应和边界效应对其影响明显。The tensile strength of rock-soil mass and the contact surface between rock-soil mass and structures is of great significance to the tensile cracking failure of geotechnical engineering. At present, the tensile strength tester or universal material testing machine is often used for the test of tensile strength. However, the rock and soil material has the characteristics of bulk materials, and it is troublesome in sampling and clamping and load application, so the existing test equipment cannot be used. Test the tensile strength, and the existing test equipment requires the size of the sample to be small, and the size effect and boundary effect of the small size rock and soil mass have obvious influence on it during the test.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术之缺陷，提供了一种可测试岩土抗拉性能的试验装置。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a test device capable of testing the tensile properties of rock and soil.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：提供一种岩土抗拉试验装置，用于测试工字型试样抗拉强度，包括基座，所述基座上并排设有用于分别卡设所述试样两端部的固定试验盒以及移动试验盒，所述固定试验盒具有可使所述试样中间段伸出的第一作用板，所述移动试验盒具有可使所述试样中间段伸出的第二作用板，且所述第一作用板与所述第二作用板相对设置，所述移动试验盒连接有用于驱使其远离所述固定试验盒方向移动的推动装置。In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a rock and soil tensile test device for testing the tensile strength of an I-shaped sample, including a base, and the base is provided side by side for respectively clamping Set the fixed test box and the mobile test box at the two ends of the sample, the fixed test box has a first action plate that can make the middle section of the sample protrude, and the mobile test box has a function that can make the test The second action plate protruding from the middle section of the sample, and the first action plate is opposite to the second action plate, and the moving test box is connected with a pushing device for driving it to move away from the fixed test box.
进一步地，包括连接所述固定试验盒以及所述移动试验盒且设于两者之间的测量装置。Further, it includes a measuring device that connects the fixed test box and the mobile test box and is arranged between them.
进一步地，包括一个控制与数据采集系统，所述系统电连接所述推动装置以及所述测量装置。Further, a control and data acquisition system is included, and the system is electrically connected to the pushing device and the measuring device.
进一步地，所述基座上还设有支撑滑片，所述试样中间段位于所述支撑滑片上，所述支撑滑片包括与所述固定试验盒连接的固定片以及与所述移动试验盒连接的移动片，所述固定片与所述移动片叠合。Further, the base is also provided with a support slide, the middle section of the sample is located on the support slide, and the support slide includes a fixed piece connected with the fixed test box and connected with the mobile test box. The moving piece connected with the box, the fixed piece is overlapped with the moving piece.
更进一步地，还包括用于置放所述试样中间段的拉裂盒，所述拉裂盒具有与所述固定试验盒固定连接的第一连接端以及所述移动试验盒同步移动的第二连接端，且所述拉裂盒位于所述支撑滑片上。Further, it also includes a cracking box for placing the middle section of the sample, the tearing box has a first connection end fixedly connected to the fixed test box and a second connecting end that moves synchronously with the mobile test box. Two connection ends, and the tear box is located on the support slide.
具体地，所述第一作用板的上端具有便于所述试样端部置于所述固定试验盒内的第一缺口，所述第二作用板上端也具有便于所述试样另一端部置于所述移动试验盒内的第二缺口，所述第一作用板与所述第二作用板均固定有用于盖封所述第一缺口与第二开口的两盖板，各所述盖板分别与所述拉裂盒的两连接端固定连接。Specifically, the upper end of the first action plate has a first notch that is convenient for the end of the sample to be placed in the fixed test box, and the upper end of the second action plate also has a gap that is convenient for the other end of the sample to be placed. In the second gap in the mobile test box, the first action plate and the second action plate are fixed with two cover plates for sealing the first gap and the second opening, each of the cover plates They are respectively fixedly connected with the two connection ends of the tear box.
进一步地，所述盖板设有用于抵顶所述试样端部的千斤顶。Further, the cover plate is provided with a jack for resisting the end of the sample.
具体地所述拉裂盒设有观看窗口。Specifically, the tear box is provided with a viewing window.
进一步地，所述基座上设有滑道，所述移动试验盒滑设于所述滑道内。Further, a slideway is provided on the base, and the mobile test box is slid in the slideway.
具体地，所述推动装置为恒定加载仪，所述恒定加载仪的两加载轴均抵顶所述移动试验盒。Specifically, the pushing device is a constant loading instrument, and both loading axes of the constant loading instrument abut against the mobile test box.
本发明具有下列技术效果：The present invention has the following technical effects:
本发明通过固定试验盒以及移动试验盒可以很方便地卡设工字型试样的两端部，形成了对试样的夹持，从而使得试样的中间段也就是试样的拉裂段刚好位于两试验盒之间，在推动装置的作用下，移动试验盒具有一个远离固定试验盒的动作，这样固定试验盒的第一作用板与移动试验盒的第二作用板也开始抵顶试样的两端部，在推动装置的作用力达到试样的最大拉力时，试样中间段开始出现拉裂痕迹，移动试验盒也开始缓慢移动，从而就可以测试出试样的抗拉性能。本装置巧妙地使用工字型试样，通过两试验盒形成对其的夹持，进而实现后续的抗拉测试，而且本装置可以适用尺寸较大的试样，降低尺寸效应以及边界效应的影响，从而可以较准确测出岩土试样的抗拉性能。In the present invention, the two ends of the I-shaped sample can be conveniently clamped by the fixed test box and the mobile test box, forming a clamping of the sample, so that the middle section of the sample is also the tearing section of the sample Just located between the two test boxes, under the action of the pushing device, the mobile test box has a movement away from the fixed test box, so that the first action plate of the fixed test box and the second action plate of the mobile test box also start to touch the top of the test box. At the two ends of the sample, when the force of the pushing device reaches the maximum tensile force of the sample, the middle section of the sample begins to show tensile crack marks, and the mobile test box also starts to move slowly, so that the tensile performance of the sample can be tested. This device cleverly uses an I-shaped sample, which is clamped by two test boxes, and then the subsequent tensile test is realized, and this device can be applied to larger samples to reduce the influence of size effects and boundary effects , so that the tensile properties of rock and soil samples can be measured more accurately.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明较佳实施例侧视图；Fig. 1 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中试样主视图；Fig. 2 is the front view of the sample in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例俯视图；Fig. 3 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例拉裂盒与盖板连接示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the tear box and the cover plate according to the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
参见图1和图2，本发明实施例提供了一种岩土抗拉试验装置，主要用于测试工字型试样1的抗拉性能，包括一个基座2，在基座2上设有固定试验盒3以及移动试验盒4，两试验盒并排设置并且可以分别卡设试样的两个端部11，固定试验盒3具有一个第一作用板31，试样中间段12可以由该板伸出，同时移动试验盒4具有一个第二作用板41，试样中间段12也可以由该板伸出，当然两个板相对设置，这样在将试样1置于本装置中时，其两端部11分别卡设在两个试验盒内，而试样中间段12则刚好位于两试验盒之间，进一步地移动试验盒4还连接有一个推动装置5，该推动装置5可以迫使移动试验盒4远离固定试验盒3。在本装置测试之前，先将岩土制成工字型的试样1，再将该试样1置于本装置内，试样1两端部11分别位于两试验盒内，试样中间段12处于两试验盒之间，这样通过两试验盒即可很好地对试样1形成了夹持，而试样中间段12较细则作为拉裂段，在推动装置5的作用下，移动试验盒4具有远离固定试验盒3的趋势，从而使得第一作用板31以及第二作用板41分别对试样1的两端部11产生作用力，且当推动装置5的作用力达到试样的最大拉力后，也就是试样中间段12出现形变，移动试验盒4开始缓慢移动后，推动装置5保持该作用力迫使移动试验盒4继续移动，进而可以测试出试样1的抗拉性能。通过本装置可以实现对岩土类试样1的夹持，进而很方便地测出岩土的抗拉性能，而且本装置可以测试尺寸较大的试样1抗拉性能，能够有效地降低尺寸效应以及边界效应带来的影响，抗拉性能的测试比较准确。当然固定试验盒3以及移动试验盒4均可以打开，试样1的两端部11能够自由置于其内。Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of geotechnical tensile test device, is mainly used in testing the tensile performance of I-shaped sample 1, comprises a base 2, is provided with on the base 2 The fixed test box 3 and the mobile test box 4 are arranged side by side and the two ends 11 of the sample can be clamped respectively. The fixed test box 3 has a first action plate 31, and the middle section 12 of the sample can be formed by this plate. Stretch out, move test box 4 at the same time to have a second action plate 41, sample middle section 12 also can be stretched out from this plate, certainly two plates are set oppositely, when sample 1 is placed in this device like this, its The two ends 11 are respectively clamped in the two test boxes, and the middle section 12 of the sample is just located between the two test boxes. Further moving the test box 4 is also connected with a pushing device 5, which can force the moving The test box 4 is far away from the fixed test box 3 . Before the test of this device, the rock and soil are first made into an I-shaped sample 1, and then the sample 1 is placed in the device. The two ends 11 of the sample 1 are respectively located in the two test boxes, and the middle section of the sample is 12 is between the two test boxes, so that the sample 1 can be well clamped by the two test boxes, and the middle section 12 of the sample is thinner and used as a tearing section. The box 4 has a tendency to move away from the fixed test box 3, so that the first action plate 31 and the second action plate 41 respectively exert forces on the two ends 11 of the sample 1, and when the force of the pushing device 5 reaches the After the maximum tensile force, that is, deformation occurs in the middle section 12 of the sample, and after the mobile test box 4 starts to move slowly, the pushing device 5 maintains the force to force the mobile test box 4 to continue moving, and then the tensile performance of the sample 1 can be tested. This device can realize the clamping of rock and soil sample 1, and then measure the tensile performance of rock and soil very conveniently, and this device can test the tensile performance of sample 1 with a larger size, which can effectively reduce the size Effect and boundary effect, the test of tensile performance is more accurate. Of course, both the fixed test box 3 and the mobile test box 4 can be opened, and the two ends 11 of the sample 1 can be placed therein freely.
进一步地参见图2和图3，在固定试验盒3与移动试验盒4之间设有测量装置6，该测量装置6分别与两试验盒相连。通过测量装置6可以实时测出试样1的形变量，可以狠清楚了解整个测试过程的相关试验数据，利于分析测试结果。当然在整个装置中还可以增设一个控制与数据采集系统7，同时该系统7分别与推动装置5以及测量装置6电连接。在试验过程中，系统7能够控制推动装置5的作用力大小，在未达到试样1的最大拉力之前，精确控制推动装置5作用力的增量，在达到最大拉力后，又控制推动装置5作用力保持恒定，直至测试过程结束，整个过程基本不需要人工操作非常方便；进一步地，在测试过程中，系统7可以实时采集测量装置6的相关数据以及对应的推动装置5作用力大小，进而分析出试验结果。Referring further to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a measuring device 6 is provided between the fixed test box 3 and the mobile test box 4, and the measuring device 6 is respectively connected to the two test boxes. The deformation amount of the sample 1 can be measured in real time through the measuring device 6, and relevant test data during the entire test process can be clearly understood, which is beneficial for analyzing test results. Of course, a control and data acquisition system 7 can also be added in the whole device, and the system 7 is electrically connected with the pushing device 5 and the measuring device 6 respectively. During the test, the system 7 can control the force of the pushing device 5. Before the maximum pulling force of the sample 1 is reached, the increment of the pushing force of the pushing device 5 can be precisely controlled. After the maximum pulling force is reached, the pushing device 5 can be controlled again. The active force remains constant until the end of the test process, and the whole process basically does not require manual operation, which is very convenient; further, during the test process, the system 7 can collect the relevant data of the measuring device 6 and the corresponding force of the pushing device 5 in real time, and then Analyze the test results.
参见图1-图3，进一步地，在基座2上设置一个支撑滑片21，试样中间段12位于支撑滑片21上。由于试样1尺寸较大，如果全部由两试验盒支撑，在拉裂时产生的摩擦力较大，从而影响试验结果，而在支撑滑片21的支撑下，可以降低各点的受力，而且支撑滑片21可以做到较高的光滑度，有效减小摩擦力，提高试验数据的准确性。一般地，支撑滑片21也分为固定片211以及移动片212两部分，固定片211与固定试验盒3连接，移动片212与移动试验盒4连接，且这两部分叠合在一起，在推动装置5达到试样1的最大拉力后，移动试验盒4在开始移动后，移动片212与移动试验盒4一起移动，叠合状态逐渐解除。Referring to FIGS. 1-3 , further, a support slide 21 is provided on the base 2 , and the middle section of the sample 12 is located on the support slide 21 . Due to the large size of the sample 1, if it is fully supported by the two test boxes, the friction force generated when it is pulled apart will be relatively large, thus affecting the test results, and under the support of the supporting slide 21, the stress on each point can be reduced. Moreover, the supporting slide 21 can achieve higher smoothness, effectively reduce frictional force, and improve the accuracy of test data. Generally, the supporting sliding piece 21 is also divided into two parts, the fixed piece 211 and the moving piece 212. The fixed piece 211 is connected with the fixed test box 3, and the moving piece 212 is connected with the mobile test box 4, and these two parts are stacked together. After the pushing device 5 reaches the maximum tensile force of the sample 1, after the mobile test box 4 starts to move, the moving piece 212 moves together with the mobile test box 4, and the overlapping state is gradually released.
进一步地参见图1、图2以及图4，在两试验盒之间还设有一个拉裂盒8，拉裂盒8位于支撑滑片21上，而且试验时，试样中间段12刚好位于拉裂盒8内，同时拉裂盒8还具有一个与固定试验盒3固定连接的第一连接端81以及一个与移动试验盒4固定连接的第二连接端82，并且该第二连接端82能够与移动试验盒4同步移动，也就是说拉裂盒8可以分为两部分，其中一部分与固定试验盒3固定连接，另外一部分与移动试验盒4固定连接，同时这两个部分没有连接，或者是说这两部分出现错置，其中一部分伸入另外一部分形成伸缩结构。因为本实施例中的试样1为岩土，在抗拉试验中难免会出现岩土颗粒，造成不良影响，拉裂盒4可以有效避免这种影响，产生的岩土颗粒基本都位于装置内。Further referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, a tear box 8 is also arranged between the two test boxes. In the crack box 8, the pull crack box 8 also has a first connection end 81 fixedly connected with the fixed test box 3 and a second connection end 82 fixedly connected with the mobile test box 4, and the second connection end 82 can be It moves synchronously with the mobile test box 4, that is to say, the tear box 8 can be divided into two parts, one part is fixedly connected with the fixed test box 3, and the other part is fixedly connected with the mobile test box 4, and these two parts are not connected at the same time, or It means that the two parts are misplaced, and one part extends into the other to form a telescopic structure. Because sample 1 in this embodiment is rock and soil, it is inevitable that rock and soil particles will appear in the tensile test, causing adverse effects. The cracking box 4 can effectively avoid this effect, and the generated rock and soil particles are basically located in the device. .
进一步地，在第一作用板31的上端设有一个第一缺口(图中未示出)，而在第二作用板41的上端设有一个第二缺口(图中未示出)，这样在放置试样1时，可以由第一缺口与第二缺口置入，避免了一些不必要的麻烦，而在试样1放置完成后，则在第一作用板31以及第二作用板41上分别固设有两个盖板9，将盖板9分为两组，而其中一组刚好盖封第一缺口同时与第一连接端81固定，而另外一组则又盖封第二缺口且连接第二连接端82，这样通过盖板9将固定试验盒3以及第一连接端81连接为一个整体，同时移动试验盒4与第二连接端82也为一个整体。一般地在盖板9的里侧还设有千斤顶(图中未示出)，千斤顶可以抵顶试样1端部11，在试验时可以更好地施力，两试验盒没有直接对试样1端部11施力，对其可以起到保护作用，而且千斤顶能够调节，可以方便对各种尺寸的试样1进行抵顶施力。当然对于各盖板9与试验盒或拉裂盒8之间的连接均可以设为螺栓连接，方便拆装。具体地，可以在拉裂盒8上设置一个观看窗口83，试验时，能够从观看窗口83实时观察整个拉裂过程。Further, the upper end of the first action plate 31 is provided with a first notch (not shown in the figure), and the upper end of the second action plate 41 is provided with a second notch (not shown in the figure), so that When placing the sample 1, it can be inserted through the first notch and the second notch, which avoids some unnecessary troubles. There are two cover plates 9 fixedly, and the cover plates 9 are divided into two groups, and one group just seals the first gap and is fixed with the first connecting end 81, while the other group seals the second gap and connects The second connection end 82 is such that the fixed test box 3 and the first connection end 81 are connected as a whole through the cover plate 9 , and the mobile test box 4 and the second connection end 82 are also integrated as a whole. Generally, a jack (not shown) is also provided on the inner side of the cover plate 9, and the jack can withstand the end 11 of the sample 1, so that a better force can be applied during the test, and the two test boxes do not directly press the sample. The force exerted by the end 11 of 1 can protect it, and the jack can be adjusted, which can conveniently push and apply force to samples 1 of various sizes. Of course, the connection between each cover plate 9 and the test box or the crack box 8 can be set as a bolt connection, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly. Specifically, a viewing window 83 can be set on the cracking box 8, and the whole cracking process can be observed in real time from the viewing window 83 during the test.
进一步地，在基座2上还设有一个滑道22，移动试验盒4滑设在滑道22内，这样在推动装置5作用后，移动试验盒4在滑道22内移动，可以大大减小其移动时的摩擦力，提高试验数据的准确性。Further, a slideway 22 is also provided on the base 2, and the mobile test box 4 is slid in the slideway 22, so that after the pushing device 5 acts, the mobile test box 4 moves in the slideway 22, which can greatly reduce the Reduce the frictional force when it moves, and improve the accuracy of test data.
具体地参见图3，推动装置5可以设为恒定加载仪，其两加载轴51均抵顶移动试验盒。恒定加载仪加载比较准确，荷载稳定。Specifically referring to FIG. 3 , the pushing device 5 can be set as a constant loading instrument, and its two loading axes 51 are both abutted against the moving test box. The loading of the constant loading instrument is more accurate and the load is stable.
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的实施例而已，其结构并不限于上述列举的形状，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and its structure is not limited to the shapes listed above. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in this document. within the scope of protection of the invention.
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| JP3983938B2 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2007-09-26 | エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社 | Sample length setting jig for tensile measurement of thermomechanical measuring apparatus and thermomechanical measuring apparatus provided with the same |
| CN100533121C (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2009-08-26 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Microextensometers for use in infrared spectrometers |
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| CN201348587Y (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2009-11-18 | 兰州大学 | Magnetic suspension direct tensile test device |
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| CN201828459U (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-05-11 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Measuring device for percentage elongation after fracture of tensile test piece |
| CN201859091U (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2011-06-08 | 上海腾中机电设备有限公司 | Stretching sample fixture |
| CN102901669A (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2013-01-30 | 苏州南智传感科技有限公司 | 8-analogue-shaped soil uniaxial tensile tester |
| CN202793921U (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2013-03-13 | 西安科技大学 | Pavement material shearing intensity and shearing fatigue tester based on 8-shaped test piece |
| CN202814793U (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2013-03-20 | 天津市奥凯石油机械有限公司 | Tensile testing machine |
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| CN203287250U (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | 深圳市工勘岩土工程有限公司 | Tensile test device for sock-soil |
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