CN104137448B - Radio channel data and use thereof - Google Patents
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- CN104137448B CN104137448B CN201380009179.0A CN201380009179A CN104137448B CN 104137448 B CN104137448 B CN 104137448B CN 201380009179 A CN201380009179 A CN 201380009179A CN 104137448 B CN104137448 B CN 104137448B
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Abstract
A kind of device includes: receiver (112), and it receives being wirelessly transferred of real radio system according to receiving direction from least one base station (100,196,198) of radio system.This transmission includes predetermined data.This device also includes: processing unit, and it forms the tap postponing distribution based on the comparison between the data received and corresponding tentation data.The direction of tap of processing unit recipient's always estimated delays based on transmission distribution, and by making the direction of tap that delay is distributed and estimation form radio channel data to associating.The radio channel model of radio channel data MIMO emulation in OTA test cabinet, described OTA test cabinet has at the multiple antennas that can place around the test zone being devices under.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to collect radio channel data and use thereof.
Background technology
OTA (aerial, Over-The-Air) can be used to test DUT (tested set
Standby) and the base station of radio system between communication, wherein real DUT such as mobile terminal quilt
Multiple antennas around, the plurality of antenna be coupled to have in the test cabinet of alap echo imitative
True device.Emulator is alternatively coupled to or is used as base station, and is such as declined by the independent Rayleigh of generation
Falling signal, the propagation path come according to channel model between Simulated movable terminal and base station.OTA antenna
Based on the weight determined by the radio channel emulated, the signal of communication of pretreatment is sent to DUT.
It is interested in measure the shifting in reality network (being such as arranged on the existing network in specific environment)
Dynamic terminal.Terminal provisioning business wants in the OTA test cabinet with real as far as possible simulated environment
Measure and also " debug " its product.Operator then want to measure and " debugging " its be arranged on OTA
The problematic region of the network in test cabinet.
But, the emulation radio channel of OTA test cabinet can not be well enough corresponding to the most wireless
Radio channel.Accordingly, it would be desirable to more preferable radio channel data.
Summary of the invention
The simplification of the present invention following shown is summed up, in order to provide certain aspects of the invention is basic
Understand.Its objective is to show in simplified form some concept of the present invention, as showing more afterwards
The preamble of detailed description.
The aspect of the present invention relate to according to the application first embodiment device.
The aspect of the present invention relate to according to the application the second embodiment device.
The aspect of the present invention relate to according to the application the 3rd embodiment method.
The aspect of the present invention relate to according to the application the 4th embodiment method.
The aspect of the present invention relate to according to the application the 5th embodiment device.
The aspect of the present invention relate to according to one embodiment of the application computer program.
Although various aspects of the invention, embodiment and feature are described independently, but it is understood that
It is that all combinations of various aspects of the invention, embodiment and feature are possible, and are being wanted
Within seeking the scope of the present invention of protection.
Solution provides advantage.There is several efficient mode to collect and allow for
The suitable radio channel data of real radio channel emulation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings below, in the accompanying drawings by exemplary embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the receiver collecting radio channel data from radio system；
Fig. 2 illustrates receiver；
Fig. 3 illustrates power delay profile (power delay profile)；
Fig. 4 illustrates orientation-dependent delay；
Fig. 5 A illustrates the receiver with beam antenna；
Fig. 5 B illustrates have omnidirectional antenna and the receiver of multiple beam antenna, the plurality of orientation sky
Line is coupled to receiver by switch；
Fig. 6 illustrates have omnidirectional antenna and the receiver of multiple beam antenna；
Fig. 7 illustrates the receiver with omnidirectional antenna；
Fig. 8 illustrates the receiver antenna for two cross-polarizations；
Fig. 9 illustrates OTA antenna and emulator；
Figure 10 illustrates FIR filter；
Figure 11 illustrates the antenna configurations of the scanning radio collected for 3D dimensional signal；
Figure 12 illustrates azimuthal coordinate system of the scanning antenna for 3D configuration；
Figure 13 illustrates Doppler power spectra；
Figure 14 illustrates the three-dimensional configuration of antenna；
Figure 15 illustrates the flow chart of the method in receiver；And
Figure 16 illustrates the flow chart of the method in emulator.
Detailed description of the invention
Now below with reference to illustrate the present invention some but and the accompanying drawing of not all embodiments come more
The exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described fully.Really, the present invention can be in many different forms
Realize, and should not be construed as being limited to embodiments set forth here.Although description may be
" one ", " one " or " some " embodiments are mentioned in several positions, but this might not table
Show that each such mentioning is to be only applicable to single embodiment for identical embodiment or feature.
The single feature of different embodiments also can be combined to provide other embodiments.
When radiofrequency signal is sent to receiver from transmitter, signal in radio channel along having
Different arrival angles, signal delay, polarization and one or more propagated of power.In addition frequency can
To change due to Doppler effect.These changes can cause the change of signal intensity with when difference continuing
Between decline.Additionally, due to other transmitters and the noise and the interference that produce can disturb dedicated radio link.
The radio channel emulator that true environment is emulated can be used to test transmitter and to connect
Receipts machine.In digital radio channel emulator, generally use FIR filter (finite impulse response (FIR))
Radio channel is modeled.
The optimization of antenna weight in channel impulse response and OTA can be formed so that close accurately
Connection, arrival angle and polarization characteristic are possible for DUT.Described solution can be from existing
Field and real radio system are collected radio channel data.In simulations, such as, described solution
Certainly scheme can also use at least one transmitter, multidimensional radio channel emulator, dead room and
DUT in the OTA antenna of the individual radio channels coupling within dead room and dead room.
In FIG, receiver 112 moves along road or some other route 150 with speed v,
And reception is wirelessly transferred from least one base station 196,198,100 of radio system.Radio system
System can be based on techniques below: 3GPP (third generation partner program) LTE (Long Term Evolution),
WiMAX (World Interoperability for Microwave Access, WiMax), (wideband code division is many for Wi-Fi and/or WCDMA
Location).Receiver 112 can be scanning device, and it collects radio channel data, for property aloft
Multiple-input and multiple-output playback emulation (playback emulation) performed in energy test cabinet, this is aerial
The antenna 102 to 116 that performance test room has around test zone 920 and DUT 900 (is also shown in
Fig. 9).
The playback emulation with MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) OTA setting needs receiver 112
On directional information, this cannot obtain in existing measurement.Use multiple scanning device antenna 116
To 122, acquisition time channel simultaneously can be carried out based on the transmission received and realize and directional information.
Receiver 112 receives transmission according to receiving direction from least one base station 196,198,100
Tentation data.It is descending that the transmission comprising tentation data such as can include in LTE (Long Term Evolution)
Link reference signal.The transmission with tentation data is also referred to as pilot signal.Generally, predetermined
Transmission includes known bit sequence, and this transmission can regularly or irregularly be repeated.Wireless
Radio channel makes this scheduled transmission distortion at it from the path of transmitted from transmitter to receiver.In scheduled transmission
When the bit received is detected and compares with the actual predetermined bit in receiver, can be true
This distortion fixed.When distortion is determined, this distortion can be regenerated in radio channel emulates.
All transmitters 196,198,100 can be similar with transmitter 100 and the most below
Transmitter 100 is explained in greater detail.
Transmitter 100 can include at least one antenna 104 to 110.In this example, transmitter
100 can be the base station of radio system.Receiver 112 includes at least one antenna 116 to 122.
In mimo systems, transmitter 100 and receiver 112 all have multiple antenna, and this causes communication
Performance and the lifting of data throughout.In this example, receiver 112 can be radio system
User terminal.
When transmitter 100 sends radio signal, aiming line (line of sight) can be passed through
Receive transmission 124, and/or transmission can be hit reflection and/or scatter at least one collection of this radiation
Group 126,128.Each cluster 126,128 can have multiple zone of action 1260 to 1264,1280
To 1284, it mainly reflects in cluster 126,128 and/or scatters.Cluster 126,128 can be
Fixing or movement, and cluster 126,128 can be natural or culture, such as building,
Train, mountain range etc..Zone of action can be some the finer architectural feature on object.
The wave beam of reflection and/or scattering can be drawn towards the antenna 116 to 122 of receiver 112.Each sky
Line 116 to 122 can have acceptance angleAnd its angle spread isIt can be
Wherein a is greater than the real number of 0, andIt it is angleStandard deviation.From cluster 126 reflection and
/ or scattering transmission 130 then can be received.Similarly, antenna 116 to 122 can also have
From receiving angleWave beam, and its angle spread can beFrom transmitter 100 via
At least one cluster 126,128 travels to receiver 112 can be caused and directly advance relative to along aiming line
Signal extra postpone.It is likewise possible to receive by aiming line or from least one cluster
The transmission of all base stations 196,198,100.
Cluster 126,128 in radio channel is responsible for multipath propagation.It is believed that a reception
Path is from a cluster.Therefore, it can describe radio channel based on cluster.
Such as, cluster also can cause the polarization of the transmission in radio channel to change.
In an embodiment, when performing on-site wireless electric network and measuring, can be with measuring receiver 112
Direction and therefore can measure the scanning antenna 116 to 122 direction relative to world coordinates.At Fig. 1
In, the arrow of direction band letter N northwards carrys out labelling.The direction recorded of receiver 112 can quilt
Record (is also shown in Fig. 2) in memory 204.
In an embodiment, the side of measuring receiver 112 such as can be come by application global satellite system
To and rotate.Receiver 112 can include leading based on such as global positioning system (GPS), the whole world
Boat satellite system (GLONASS), GALILEO positioning system (Galileo), triones navigation system,
Quasi-Zenith satellite system (QZSS) or India area navigational satellite system (IRNSS) determine
Position receiver (not shown in figure 1).
In an embodiment, receiver 112 can utilize location technology known to other to determine its position.
It is known that such as receive radio signal by the base station different from several, mobile phone is permissible
Determine its position.
When position the most in the same time is measured, the direction of receiver 112 can be defined as towards survey
Movement in the continuous lines that the position obtained is constituted.If the direction of receiver 112 is not directed towards recording
Position constitute continuous lines in movement, the most in any case the direction of receiver 112 depend on
The direction that predetermined way moves, because antenna 116 to 122 is in the fixed position of receiver 112.
If the dimensionally position of measuring receiver 112, then can also measure ascents and descents.
Alternatively or in addition, certain electronic compass can be used for determining the direction of receiver 112.
When emulating, the level of receiver 112 and/or vertical rotary can be compensated.Therefore, very
Real radio system can be simulated, as direct driving through radio system, although along
The road on bending and possible many slopes carries out on-the-spot record.
Fig. 2 illustrates the block diagram of receiver.Receiver 112 have at least two antenna 116 to 122,
Mixer unit 200 and processing unit 202.Additionally, receiver 112 can have memorizer 204.
Processing unit 202 can include processor.When antenna 116 to 122 receives radiofrequency signal, mixed
Frequently device unit 200 frequency reducing converting radio-frequency signals, to reduce the frequency in base band.Baseband signal is with numeral
Processing unit 202 is changed and be fed to form, and this processing unit 202 performs radio channel and estimates
Calculate.
The processing unit 202 that can comprise channel-estimator passes through based on the data received with corresponding
Comparison between tentation data and being formed postpones the tap (tap) of distribution and forms time radio channel
Data.
By simple form, the signal y received in each reception antenna can be in the matrix form
It is expressed as:
Y=Mh+n, (1)
Wherein M includes that tentation data, h are plural number radio channel impulse response, and n represents noise and does
Disturb.Plural number radio channel impulse response h can be estimated, because y and M is with specific probability
Known.By minimizing the signal y and tentation data M and radio channel estimation H received
Product between error, can be formed radio channel estimation H.The radio channel being consequently formed
Estimation H or delay distribution can be by obtaining from the transmission collection information of real radio system
Time channel data.Each element H in radio channel estimation H1,…,HnIt is under specific delays
Tap.Each delay is distributed the radio channel that expression is measured at short notice.Typically, postpone
Time needed for distribution can correspond to about 40 wavelength of the carrier frequency under the light velocity.But, prolong
Distribution late is averaged thereon or the time of integration can be different, such as 1 to 1000 wavelength.Returning
Put the actual pulse response used in emulation to be filtered by being averaged or can not pass through to take
Averagely filtered.The shortest time that is averaged can cause ghost image tap, and (ghost tap, i.e. noise take out
Head) emergency, and too long of be averaged the radio channel that the time can cause excessively smoothing, i.e.
Possibly cannot observe that the important decline in radio channel changes suddenly with other.Such as, there is length
The strong tap postponed may occur at any time.If the Duration Ratio of tap specific time period (example
Cyclic Prefix as in LTE) longer, then the connection between base station and mobile phone may be disconnected.
Desirably, such situation is not filtered, but can be recorded during emulating and weigh
Multiple.
PDP (the power of six clusters 300,302,304,306,308 and 310 shown in Fig. 3
Postpone distribution).
Processing unit 202 is additionally based upon the direction of the tap of recipient's always estimated delays distribution of transmission,
And by each tap and recipient's data association upwards, be used for providing oriented and postpone distribution, this hint
It includes directional information.The radio channel data formed can be stored in memorizer 204.
Fig. 4 draws the delay distribution 400 to 416 different from the direction in eight directions.Oriented prolong
Late each in distribution 400 to 414 can be received by a beam antenna of receiver 112.
There are six clusters 300 to 308, it is identical with Fig. 3.The most different cluster tools
There is different delays.Generally, different clusters can have identical delay.
In an embodiment, processing unit 202 can by formed radio channel model by tap with
Recipient's data association upwards so that radio channel data is mapped in airborne performance test cabinet
Antenna on, if the configuration of the OTA antenna 902 to 916 around test zone is known.But,
This mapping can not be made in processing unit 202, but combine emulation and make in emulator 918.
Fig. 5 A illustrates the embodiment of receiver 112.Receiver 112 can include multiple direct scan
Device antenna 500,502,504,506, it is corresponding to the antenna 116 to 122 of receiver 112.Fixed
Can be similar with the antenna in airborne performance test cabinet to the oriented distribution of scanning device antenna 500 to 506.
The angular distribution of direct scan device antenna 500 to 506 can be with the antenna class in airborne performance test cabinet
Seemingly.The spatial distribution of direct scan device antenna 500 to 506 can be with the sky in airborne performance test cabinet
Line is similar to.Assume that the antenna 902 to 916 in OTA test cabinet is placed on around test zone 920
Circle in.Then scanning device antenna 500 to 506 can be similarly placed around convenience center
In circle.According to this it is assumed that in the quantity of scanning device antenna 500 to 506 and airborne performance test cabinet
The quantity of antenna can be identical.
The beam angle of scanning device antenna 500 to 506 can be with two companies in airborne performance test cabinet
Angle delta θ between continuous antenna is similar or identical.
The wave beam angular width of scanning device antenna 500 to 506 can be with the antenna in airborne performance test cabinet
Similar or identical.According to this it is assumed that the polarization of scanning device antenna 116 to 122 also with OTA antenna
902 to 916 identical.But, the direction of scanning device antenna 500 to 506 is outside, and OTA
The direction of antenna 902 to 916 is inwardly toward test zone 920.By will be with scanning device antenna
Corresponding off-air antennas 902 to 916 is distributed in each delay distribution of association, and processing unit 202 can
So that radio channel data is mapped on OTA antenna.
In this case, oriented postpone distribution 400 to 414 be mapped to OTA antenna 902 to
On 916 so that postpone distribution 400 and associate with OTA antenna 902, postpone distribution 402 and OTA
Antenna 904 associates, and postpones distribution 404 and associates with OTA antenna 906, postpones distribution 406 and OTA
Antenna 908 associates, and postpones distribution 408 and associates with OTA antenna 910, postpones distribution 410 and OTA
Antenna 912 associates, and postpones distribution 412 and associates with OTA antenna 914, and postpones to be distributed 414
Associate with OTA antenna 916.But, this mapping can also combine emulation later by emulator 918
Realize.
In an embodiment, receiver 112 includes direct scan device antenna 500 to 506, and its number
Amount is more than the quantity of OTA antenna 902 to 916.Then processing unit 202 or emulator 918 can
To form radio channel model so that the oriented delay of OTA antenna be distributed in each moment based on
The oriented combination postponing distribution of at least two of continuous print scanning device antenna 500 to 506.
In an embodiment, receiver 112 includes direct scan device antenna, and its quantity is less than OTA days
The quantity of line.Processing unit 202 or emulator 918 can be by oriented at least one of scanning device antenna
Postponing distribution and be divided at least two delay distribution, described at least two postpones each in distribution and uses
An antenna in airborne performance test cabinet.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 B, an antenna 252 can be omnidirectional element.Omnidirectional antenna
252 can use vertical and/or horizontal polarization.But, polarization can be left in the basket.In this example,
Another antenna structure can be array and the high-speed electronic switch 250 of antenna 500 to 506.Such as,
Antenna 500 to 506 in array can be orientation paster antenna.Although in figure 5b by differently
Show, but antenna 500 to 506 such as can point to 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °,
270 ° and 315 °.Switch 250 can switch each antenna 500 to 506 every time, with receiver
Miscellaneous part 200 to 204 contacts.Switching rate can be constant for constant, and such as switching can be by
Clock-wise fashion proceeds to another antenna from an antenna.The signal received can be measured, and by
These data obtained synchronously can be recorded with switch mode.Omnidirectional antenna 252 can collect based on
The playback in OTA test cabinet of the channel data of the impulse response recorded.Omnidirectional antenna 252 can
With from all azimuth directions (all plane angles) or from all sphere directions (all solid angles)
Receive signal.Delay tap can be identified according to these data.Then, omnidirectional antenna 252 it is derived from
Postpone tap to compare with the delay tap being derived from the beam antenna 500 to 506 being switched.
If observing single tap in the data of two beam antennas, then it is as AoA (arrival angle)
Receiving angle and angle spread can be by the power of the tap in each in two beam antennas
Level approximates.In order to form power, it may be necessary to the time is averaged, to smooth out quickly decline.
Finally, the channel that the AoA of approximation and angle spread will record can be applied will use omnidirectional antenna 252
The tap of impulse response is mapped to OTA antenna.This embodiment is similar to Fig. 6 institute in some modes
The embodiment shown.But, difference is, the signal received in the identical time is replaced by the time now
Upper continuous print signal.Time sampling speed and switching rate must be suitably, to obtain the foot of fading process
Enough samplings.The quantity of antenna can be replicated and be arranged to receive two orthogonal polarizations simultaneously.?
Under this situation, two polarizations can be captured and process respectively for MIMO OTA emulation.
Fig. 6 illustrates that receiver 112 includes that at least one omnidirectional's scanning device antenna 600 and at least two are fixed
To the embodiment of scanning device antenna 602,604, antenna 600,602,604 is corresponding to receiver 112
Antenna 116 to 122.
In brief, a scanning device antenna 600 may be used for record for the actual letter playing back emulation
Track data.Scanning device antenna 600 is configured to receive transmission from all azimuth directions.Other antennas
602,604 arrival angle and/or the angle spread being determined for multi-path component.
In more detail, processing unit 202 can be based on the number received by least one omnidirectional antenna 600
According to the comparison between corresponding tentation data, by formed postpone distribution tap formed the time without
Line radio channel data.Processing unit 202 is also based on by least one beam antenna 602,604
Comparison between the data and the corresponding tentation data that receive, carry out shape by forming the tap postponing distribution
Become the time radio channel data of each beam antenna 602,604.Association can be used to compare
Relatively.Then processing unit 202 can delay distribution based on omnidirectional antenna 600 and beam antenna 602,
The direction of the tap postponing distribution of omnidirectional antenna 600 is estimated in the comparison postponed between distribution of 604.
Can be by making the tap postponing distribution of omnidirectional and the comparison being distributed by delay and the direction phase that obtains
Association, forms radio channel data.
Fig. 7 illustrates that receiver 112 includes the embodiment of Liang Ge omnidirectional scanning device antenna 700,702, its
Distance between Zhong Liangge omnidirectional scanning device antenna is known.Antenna 700,702 is corresponding to receiver 112
Antenna 116 to 122.Generally, the quantity of omnidirectional's scanning device antenna 700,702 can be with more than two.
Processing unit 202 can be based on the ratio between the data received by omnidirectional antenna and corresponding tentation data
Relatively, the tap being distributed by forming delay forms time radio channel data.Processing unit 202
At least one Doppler frequency shift of the transmission received can be measured.Doppler frequency shift determines receiver
112 is close to cluster or transmitter or to remove from cluster or transmitter.Assume that cluster and send out
Machine of penetrating does not moves or assumes that they move lentamente relative to receiver 112.Then if based on many
General Le frequency displacement determines that receiver 112 and cluster or transmitter just close to each other, then this means cluster
Or transmitter is in front, i.e. before receiver 112.Accordingly, it may be determined that cluster or transmitting
Machine is after receiver 112.Speed at receiver 112 measured or known time, it may be determined that more
Detailed receiving angle.Can be by such as in the following manner by the speed will estimated based on Doppler frequency shift
vDActual speed v divided by receiver 112 determines receiving angle α: sin (α)=vD/v.But,
Cannot know that this transmission is from the right side of receiver 112 or left side.
In an embodiment, processing unit 202 can be based on the distance between scanning device antenna 700,702
Measure at least one phase shift of the transmission received between omnidirectional antenna 700,702.Omnidirectional antenna
700, the distance of 702 can be less than the wavelength of carrier wave or the half (λ/2) being less than carrier wavelength.By
It it is known in distance and the receiving angle α of omnidirectional antenna 700,702, it is possible to estimation difference
At least one phase shift of transmission in antenna 700,702.It is now assumed that: come from receiver in transmission
112 right side time, the phase shift of transmission is positive.It is then based on Doppler frequency shift and there is identical acceptance angle
Degree α but from the transmission in left side, there is identical absolute phase-shift but its value is negative.Therefore by simultaneously
Measure Doppler frequency shift and phase shift, reception direction can be determined with plane geometry configuration.
The Doppler frequency shift that processing unit 202 can record based at least one records with at least one
The estimation of phase in-migration receives direction.The radio channel data formed can store in memory 204.
The prefade signal synthesis method arranged for MIMO OTA needs the most independent declining
The channel coefficients sequence that falls (i.e. for the delay distribution of each OTA antenna 902 to 916).If
The sequence postponing distribution can map directly to OTA antenna from multiple scanning device antennas 116 to 122
902 to 916, then this is not problem.If the receiver antenna in Fig. 6 and 7 600,602,604
Quantity with 700,702 is different from the quantity of OTA antenna 902 to 116, then must be based on recording
Fading sequence generate extra fading sequence synthetically.The original fading sequence recorded can be mapped
To the OTA antenna there is best result joining power.Other OTA antennas can utilize composition sequence.So
And, shown in Fig. 6 when, it is possible to the fading sequence using beam antenna to record at least
Subset for OTA antenna.Such as can using the following method in any one or two kinds of perform conjunction
Become the generation of fading sequence.
1) fading sequence that records can be estimated for each tap (and each antenna for base station)
Statistical data (such as amplitude distribution, Doppler frequency spectrum and level crossing rate (lcr)).Can be used some
Known process (such as noise filtering or sine-wave superimposed method) generates new from the statistical data of estimation
Synthesis fading sequence.The method can be applicable to use at least one omnidirectional antenna in receiver 112
The situation shown in Fig. 6 and 7.
2) for the most only using the situation shown in Fig. 7 of omnidirectional antenna, can be based on recording
The decomposition of Doppler frequency spectrum of decline generate synthesis fading sequence.First many for each tap estimation
General Le frequency spectrum, then estimates the arrival angle of each spectrum component.Finally, common MIMO OTA is used
Different spectrum components is distributed to different OTA antennas by mapping process.In other words: H (t) is right
The fading sequence that single tap records.H (v) is the Fourier transformation of H (t).|H(v)|2It it is Doppler's merit
Rate is composed.For each OTA antenna k, the subset v ∈ V of Doppler frequency shift v can be selectedk.Finally,
The new fading sequence of OTA antenna k can be that the inverse Fourier transform by H (v) determines
Hk (t), wherein v ∈ Vk。
In an embodiment, processing unit 202 or emulator 918 can perform the noise of channel data and disappear
Subtract.Noise reduction can be performed by applicable filtering.For example, it is possible to by the channel for recording
Data arrange predetermined noise level and by removing the letter with the power less than predetermined noise level
Each tap of track data, performs noise reduction.Can estimate according to the delay not having tap and make an uproar
Vocal level.According to another example, if sample rate is higher than the Nyquist criterion of channel data, then may be used
Noise reduction is performed to be averaged by sampling to channel data in the predetermined time.Nai Kui
This special standard is the most commonly determined: to exceed the polydispersity index of the peak frequency twice of analogue signal
Arbitrarily analogue signal can regenerate according to sampling.In practice, can be evaluated whether the relevant of radio channel
Time, and Wiener filter can be used to carry out filtering channel estimation, wherein make described Wiener filter
It is adapted to coherence time.
In an embodiment, processing unit 202 or emulator 918 can perform the time domain weight of channel data
Sampling, so that sampling density and being consistent of using in radio channel emulation.Resampling is permissible
Including interpolation, it can increase the quantity of sampling.In interpolation, based on a pair existing sampling
Between existing sampling form at least one new sampling.
The quantity of data point can also be reduced.Sample sequence can take 1/10th or be worn
Hole (punctured), or predetermined operation can be used at least two sampling combination
For new sampling.In practice, if sample rate is the most too high, then can use applicable
Low pass filter carrys out filtering channel data, and then can remove relative to Nyquist criterion
Oversampled.Signal processing abating noises as already mentioned above.
In an embodiment, it may be considered that polarization.Fig. 8 illustrates the receiver sky for two cross-polarizations
Line 802,804.Such as can be come independently by two antennas being in same position and cross-polarization
Receive orthogonal polarized component 806,808 (such as vertical V and horizontal H).Can be as two independences
Signal equally come to process cross-polarization respectively.Correspondingly, polarization can be used during emulating
Orthogonal polarization signal is sent to DUT 900 by OTA antenna 900 to 916.
As it appears from the above, playback radio channel data, described scanning device energy can be collected with scanning device
Enough produce and record the radio channel of automatic network with the sample rate higher than Nyquist criterion and estimate
Calculate.This scanning device utilizes multiple antenna to process the downlink (DL) of possible multiple base stations (BS)
Signal, and record channel estimation.
Fig. 9 illustrates OTA test cabinet, the real radio channel collected in this OTA test cabinet
Data can be used in emulation.OTA antenna 902,904,906,908,910,912,914 and
916 around the test zone 920 placing DUT 900.If polarization effect is simulated, then antenna
The cross shaped head of 902 to 916 illustrates the quadrature polarized antenna for polarisation transfer.Antenna 902 to 916
Can have homogeneous interval (such as be 45 ° for 8 antennas).Use θkRepresent K OTA
The direction of antenna (k=1 ..., K), and the antenna spacing in angle domain is Δ θ.Angle delta θ represents
Two antennas 902 to 916 are relative to the gap metric at the center of OTA test cabinet.Each antenna is even
Receive single emulator output port.If it is considered that individual antenna, then emulator configuration is 1x 8
SIMO, two antennas are 2x 8 MIMO, etc..
Assume that DUT antenna performance is unknown.In other words, need not use in OTA models
This information.
Test cabinet can be dead room.DUT 900 (such as user terminal) can be by being coupled to emulation
The antenna 902,904,906,908,910,912,914 and 916 of device 918 around, described imitative
True device 918 can be such as EB (Elektrobit)F8.Emulator 918 can wrap
Include processor, memorizer and applicable computer program.At least one transmitter 930 of emulation is permissible
It is sent to DUT 900 by desired radio channel.
In this example, circle exists eight antennas separated with 45 ° of constant angle.Generally,
At least two antenna 902 to 916 can be there is, and they can separate mutually with angular separation Δ θ
Open.When there is at least three antenna 902 to 916, the continuous antenna 902 to 916 of any two
Angular separation Δ θ can be identical or different.Antenna 902 to 916 can be with DUT 900 at a distance of identical
Or different distances, and antenna 902 to 916 can only be placed in a sector rather than with completely
Angle or full solid angle are placed.DUT 900 can also have one or more antenna.
Aloft communicate with DUT 900 and make it possible to so that can freely comprise road in testing
The mode in direction, footpath is tested Antenna Design, polarizes and is placed effect.If at emulator 918 and DUT
Use cable to connect between 900, then this is impossible.
Emulator 918 receives the radio channel model for test.Can be come by the people completing test
Select channel model.Furthermore, it is possible to interference and noise inputs are arrived with degree in the way of desirably
In test.The channel model used can be playback mode, and it is based on from real radio system record
Channel.But, a part for radio channel model can artificially generate, and therefore radio
Channel model can be playback mode and the combination of manually generated model.
The modeling of OTA environment is different from traditional simulation, in traditional simulation, and different mimo channels
Impulse response there is identical power delay profile and number of taps.In OTA models, rely on
In the receiving angle of tentation data, the different taps of PDP can be fed to identical OTA antenna or
Different OTA antennas.Therefore, the number of taps of different OTA antennas can be identical or different.This
Can it is seen from figure 4 that, when assuming that Fig. 4 illustrates, oriented delay distribution is fed to different OTA
Antenna 902 to 916 (replacing numbering 400 to 414 by numbering 902 to 916).
In an embodiment, emulator 918 can receive the nothing of real radio channel of radio system
Line radio channel data, it comprises the delay distribution with the tap associated with directional information, different directions
The quantity postponing distribution less than the quantity of the antenna in airborne performance test cabinet.Then, by near
Few one postpones distribution and is divided at least two and postpones distribution (it is each that this at least two postpones in distribution
Individual different antennae in airborne performance test cabinet), emulator 918 can be formed on antenna
Postpone distribution.
Can be based on the OTA aerial angle θ associated with tapkWithAt two OTA antennas 902
Dividing the tap recorded of power delay profile between 916, described angle represents receiver 112
Receive direction.Can according to following mathematical equation find out with and the angle that associates of tapImmediate
The angle, θ of OTA antenna kk:
Wherein min represents θjAll values in minimum transition formula evaluation, int represent division integer value (bag
Include 0).The value of k is2nd OTA antenna k+1 then can be tool
Angled θk+ Δ θ=θk+1Antenna.Therefore, selected OTA antenna can be to represent following direction
Those antennas: between described direction, the direction of each tap is associated.Relative to DUT 900
Tap direction on generate radio channel.
Can be by the angle associated with tapSelect two immediate value θk, come for tap n
Select OTA antenna.Depend on θkWithBetween angular distance, between two OTA antennas draw
Divide the power of tap n.If such as tapAngle just at θkAnd θk+1Centre, then merit
Rate is divided into so that each is 50%.
Weight w of each antenna 402 to 416 can be calculated by such as in the following mannern,k:
Wherein i is 1 or 2, and k is and the angle of tap nThe index of hithermost antenna.Tap n pin
Power P to antenna knIt is multiplied by weight wn,kSo that Pk+Pk+1=Pn.The power of tap H can
Be represented as the absolute value of tap H square, i.e. | H |2。
Figure 10 illustrates the block diagram of FIR (finite impulse response (FIR)) wave filter, and it can include analog digital conversion
Device 1002, it is configured to the delay element 1004 of shift register, multiplier 1006, summer 1008
With digital to analog converter 1010.Analog-digital converter 1002 receives analogue signal.FIR filter basic
Function is as follows.From digital input signals x (n) of analog-digital converter 1002 at each delay element 1004
In be delayed by, its delay can have identical or different time span, and the signal being delayed by exists
Multiplier 1006 is multiplied by desired channel coefficients H (i), wherein i=[0 ..., N].Channel model by
Can be considered as the channel coefficients H=of the channel estimation postponing tap or the radio channel being distributed
[H (0) ..., H (N)] define.Component of signal is sued for peace in summer 1008, and the letter after summation
Number in digital to analog converter 1010, it is converted into analog form.Therefore, by the letter of FIR filter
Number by experience by based on radio channel data H collected, the radio channel model that formed is defined
Radio channel.Each OTA antenna 902 to 916 can connect from least one FIR filter
Receive its signal.Each transmitter of emulation can make its signal pass through FIR filter.
Above and Fig. 1 to 10 provided in content representation 2D signal collect and use.Knot
Closing Fig. 5 A and 5B, scanning field network is dimensionally to collect radio channel data and may require that bigger
The measurement hardware of quantity.But, in an embodiment, three-dimensional (3D) can be come in a straightforward manner
Collect the data of relevant power perspective distribution, and this can be used the most two-dimensional or three-dimensional to search
The data of collection.
The receiver similar with the reference 112 in Fig. 1 can use scanning device antenna 116 to 122
Three-dimensional data is collected from the field network of radio system.Implement with two dimension from the process scanning emulation
Being similar in example.First, as the scanning device measure field network of the receiver with applicable antenna
And record the estimation of its channel.Then can perform post processing, and channel data is mapped to OTA
Antenna.Post processing can include noise reduction, the direction of tap and the polarization of recorded channel estimation
Estimation.Can map respectively for each delay point (delay bin, tap), and this can
With similar with existing MIMO OTA SW (software).
Figure 11 illustrates in greater detail the example of the antenna configurations for scanning radio 112.Arrow points to
Upper (or downwards), and therefore antenna 1100 and 1102 can higher than antenna 1104 (lower),
So that vertical direction can be distinguished.Distance between antenna can change from 0 λ to 0.5 λ, and wherein λ is
The wavelength of carrier wave.Such as, omnidirectional antenna 1100 to 1104 can be sleeve dipole, and omnidirectional
Antenna 1106 to 1110 can be magnetic dipole.
Antenna 1100 to 1104 is arranged according to the mode taking the two-dimensional field, in order to dimensionally divide
From receiving direction.That is, during antenna is not disposed in one-dimensional row or row.Correspondingly, antenna 1106
Arrange according to the mode taking the two-dimensional field to 1110.Then, at least two antenna is the most side by side
, and at least two antenna one on the other side, for relative to horizontal direction and vertical
Direction all has angular resolution.The two-dimensional field of antenna 1100 to 1104 (and 1106 to 1110)
Towards the direction identical with the movement of scanning radio 112.The deferred liabilities third dimension of signal.
Figure 12 is shown in following mathematics PAS emulation the azimuthal coordinate system utilized.At signal
During directly from left side, its AoA (arrival angle) is 0 °.When signal is from right side, its AoA
It is 180 ° (-180 °).When signal comes from above, its AoA is 90 °.When signal from below time,
Its AoA is-90 °.
Each antenna 1100,1102,1104,1106,1108 and 1110 can have receiver chain,
It comprises the frequency mixer 200 of self, and the combination of antenna and receiver chain thereof can be considered as scanning
Device.But, antenna 1100,1102,1104,1106,1108 is together with 1110 and scanning device
It can be considered as receiver.
The signal that receiver receives must be that accurate phase synchronizes.In an embodiment, sky can be passed through
The static antennas structure of line 1100,1102,1104,1106,1108 and 1110 (makes them mutual
Distance between Xiang will not change) and electronic circuit in static delay to keep Phase synchronization.?
In embodiment, Phase synchronization can be checked after realize aerial array and receiver chain with test signal.
Hereafter assume that Phase synchronization keeps constant.
In an embodiment, can be surveyed by the continuous synchronization similar with the calibration of known base-station antenna array
Amount keeps Phase synchronization.Calibration antenna 1150 can with relative to scanning device antenna known distance/
Phase contrast and be positioned near scanning device antenna 1100,1102,1104,1106,1108 and 1110.
Known distance/phase can be realized by the antenna structure being suitable for of calibration antenna 1150 and/or delay
Potential difference.The delay of calibration antenna 1150 can be based on the delay cable etc. of applicable length.Pre-recorded
Calibration signal (such as utilizing the base station down link signal that communication test set generates) can be with Cellular Networks
The field measurement of network sends from calibration antenna 1150 together simultaneously.In post processing, can be based on record
Phase contrast between the calibration signal scanner signals to receiving is estimated and compensates.
Processing unit 122 can estimate 3D PAS according to measurement data, and generate for OTA without
The fading coefficients of line radio channel emulation.
In like fashion, can based on phase place accurate scanning device configuration with a small amount of antenna extract 3D and
Polarization characteristic.A small amount of antenna can be such as six.Correspondingly six scanning devices just can be enough.
Check the mathematical operation forming behind of the 3D data of radio channel.For the sake of Jian Dan, here
Omnidirectional antenna only for vertical polarization describes PAS evaluation method.For horizontal polarization scanning device sky
Line, process is equivalent.Starting point is the time varying channel impulse response data h from scanning devicem(t, τ),
Wherein m=v1, v2, v3 are the indexes of scanning device antenna, and τ is excess delay (excess delay),
And t=nTsE.g. there is sample rate T of each 4 samples of wavelengthsDiscrete time (identical
Process can also be applied to the frequency domain representation of channel).Can use discrete respectively for each point that postpones
Fourier transformation calculates Doppler's change pulse from the sequence of impulse response and responds:
Wherein f is scope [-fs/2,fs/ 2] Doppler frequency in, fs=1/Ts, and N is the number of time samples
Amount.
Figure 13 provides the example of Doppler power spectra, and wherein trunnion axis represents Doppler frequency shift [f/fmax],
And the longitudinal axis represents the spectrum amplitude represented with dB.Must be based on the target of two contradictions to determine fragment
Length N: fragment need long enough with estimate accurately Doppler's change pulse response, on the other hand,
Fragment needs the shortest to keep propagation parameter (delay, Doppler etc.) within the persistent period of fragment
Constant.Quantity N of sample can cover the signal of 10 λ to 100 λ.In an embodiment, quantity N
The signal of 20 λ to 40 λ can be covered.
Below, excess delay variable τ is ignored for the sake of simplicity.Can be for each delay identified
Tap is independently repeated procedure below.Next step is by arranging
smF ()=0, as | f | > fmaxTime (5)
To remove noise from Doppler's change pulse in responding, wherein can believe based on global satellite system coordinate
Cease or by checking that Doppler power spectra calculates maximum doppler frequency fmax.Assume it is fixing ring
Border, can be by forming maximum doppler frequency by speed divided by the wavelength of centre carrier frequency.In
It is can to form normalized Doppler power spectra with the maximum of 1:
Can Doppler frequency shift based on path and scanning device antenna 1100,1102,1104,1106,
The phase contrast in the path between 1108 and 1110 approximates the direction of multi-path component.Doppler frequency shift
Disclose the AoA of the path k with " left/right " ambiguity.If it is assumed that be fixing environment, path
The Doppler frequency shift (i.e. kth Doppler frequency point) of k can be written as:
If (speed is always towards aerial array topside (broad the most as shown in figure 11 to be always to maintain θ v=0
Side) direction), then can obtain the initial ranges information of AoA
The phase contrast of the kth Doppler component between scanning device antenna 1100 and 1102 antenna can quilt
It is expressed as (naming see the antenna in Figure 11):
Δ12(k)=phase (Sv1(fk))-phase(Sv2(fk)) (9)
And the phase contrast of the kth Doppler component between scanning device antenna 1100 and 1104 can be by table
It is shown as:
Δ13(k)=phase (Sv1(fk))-phase(Sv3(fk)) (10)
The unit of phase contrast is radian.All phase contrasts must be in the range of [-2 π D, 2 π D], wherein
D is the antenna spacing with band meter.If phase contrast exceedes this scope, then it can be limited (being full of)
To this scope.
Now can be according to Δ13K () estimates the arrival elevation angle EoA γ of kth Doppler frequency pointk:
Can be according to Δ12K () and EoA estimate the arrival angle, preliminary orientation of kth Doppler frequency point
AoA
Now, initial orientation arrives angleThere is the scope of [-π D, π D], and it has " front
/ rear " ambiguity.In order to obtain unambiguous AoA estimation, that can apply from equation (8) is preliminary
Information.Final AoA estimation is:
As last step, by the power value maps of the Doppler power spectra from antenna v1 is arrived
AoA and EoA, can obtain the angular power density letter that the V-in azimuth and elevation dimension polarizes
0 (PAS):
Check now OTA modeling.One group of time-varying propagation parameter can be extracted from scanning device is measured.
It is possible, firstly, to by scanning device or based on scanning device output impulse response by fast-fading is taken
Meansigma methods estimates power delay profile.For example, it is possible to by the propagation distance at dozens of wavelength
| the H (t, τ) | to squared magnitude on persistent period2Take moving average to perform this operation of averaging.Secondly,
PAS can be estimated in a manner described.According to the PAS of estimation, can be facing upward of each delay tap
Both angle and azimuth calculate nominal AoA and root-mean-square angle spread.Can assume that each cluster
The PAS of Laplce's shape.3rd, it is possible to obtain polarization power ratio, asWith
The ratio of summation.4th, can be from global satellite system extraction rate.Knowing speed and PAS
In the case of, Geometric Modeling principle (GCM) can be used to carry out Doppler's modeling.
In the case of all above-mentioned information all can be used, can apply (such as at EB MIMO OTA
Instrument realizes) it is used for the common procedure that the prefade of MIMO OTA synthesizes.Output can be
Channel coefficients, and can be such as emulator (such as EB Propsim decline emulation further
Device) one group of channel simulator file.Use geometrical principle that MIMO OTA is carried out Channel Modeling quilt
Describe at P.T." the Channel modeling for of J-PNuutinen
Multiprobe Over-the-Air MIMO testing " in (IJAP 2012).
Above-mentioned 3D solution has advantage.First, this system with combine described in Fig. 5 A and 5B
3D version compare the quantity decreasing scanning device, and result is more accurate.For example, it is possible to use
Three dual-polarization (3*2=6) antenna elements replace eight dual polarized antenna elements of three rings
(3*8*2=48).Therefore, scanner hardware can be 6 from 48 savings, and i.e. saving is eight points
One of.Secondly, in the ideal case, PAS estimates pin-point accuracy.Use combines Fig. 5 A and 5B institute
The 3D version stated, accuracy rate is limited to the beam angle of direct scan device antenna.
Figure 14 illustrates OTA antenna 902 to 916 and/or antenna 116 to the 122 (square of receiver 112
Shape) solid geometry configuration.In this example, antenna (rectangle) (just looking like) is placed on ball
On surface.In OTA test cabinet, DUT 1400 can be placed on the centre of spheroid.But,
Antenna (seeming) is placed on the part that surface thereon can be the arbitrary surfaces surrounding a volume.
The example on such surface is the surface of square, spheroid, tetrahedron etc..Antenna can be polarization
Antenna or non-polarized antenna.
In an embodiment, plane wave can be sent from OTA antenna 902 to 916 so that these are put down
It is desired wireless that face ripple interfering in test zone 920 is formed between DUT 1400 and transmitter
Radio channel, for the signal sent.By to desired target electric field based on radio channel model
Compare with the obtainable electric field of plane wave passed through and test zone 920 associates, emulator 918
Can be formed and the antenna in the multiple antennas around test zone 920 in airborne performance test cabinet
The weight of each signal paths 922 of 902 to 916 associations, wherein plane wave can by antenna 902 to
916 send and based at least one basic waveform in every signal path 922.In patent application
PCT/FI2011/050190 describe in further detail this solution.
Figure 15 illustrates the flow chart of the method in receiver.In step 1500, according to receive direction from
At least one base station of radio system receives and comprises being wirelessly transferred of tentation data.In step 1502,
The tap postponing distribution is formed based on the comparison between the data received with corresponding tentation data.
In step 1504, the direction of tap based on the distribution of recipient's always estimated delays.In step 1506,
By making tap that delay is distributed form radio channel data with the directional correlation connection of estimation, it is used for
The radio channel model of the multiple-input and multiple-output emulation in airborne performance test cabinet, described airborne performance
Test cabinet has around the multiple antennas that can place the test zone being devices under.
Figure 16 illustrates the flow chart of the method in emulator.In step 1600, receive radio system
The radio channel data of real radio channel, it includes having and associates with directional information
The oriented delay distribution of tap.In step 1602, by the different directions by postponing distribution
Tap assignments give different off-air antennas, radio channel data is mapped to aerial property
On the antenna of energy test cabinet.
In the exemplary embodiment, one or more memorizeies may further store instruction that, it is by one
Or the step of the method making receiver 112 perform Figure 15 during multiple processor execution.
In the exemplary embodiment, one or more memorizeies may further store instruction that, it is by one
Or the step of the method making emulator 918 perform Figure 16 during multiple processor execution.
As it has been described above, the radio channel recorded can be as at EB (Elektrobit) MIMO OTA
Application plays back like that in dead room.The performance of DUT 900 can be measured, and need not bring it to
On-the-spot test.Test is repeatably, and problematic situation can be identified and with controlled side
Formula is tested.
Survey based on virtual driving test (VDT, Virtual Drive Testing) provided herein
Amount, the emulation of real radio channel is possible.VDT with multi-antenna terminal (MIMO
OTA) airborne performance test combines, wherein can specific driving path in analog wireless networks
Environment in measure there is the full terminal of antenna.
Above and the step that is described in the drawings and correlation function are not the most in chronological sequence orders
, and some step can be performed simultaneously or to perform with given order different.
Between the steps or within step, can also carry out other functions.Some step can also be removed or
Person replaces by corresponding step.
The processing unit 202 and the emulator 918 that are able to carry out above-mentioned steps can be implemented as electronic digit
Computer or circuit, this circuit can comprise working storage (RAM), CPU (CPU)
With system clock etc..CPU can include one group of depositor, ALU and controller.Control
Device or circuit by being delivered to controlling of the program instruction sequence of CPU from RAM.Controller can wrap
Containing a plurality of microcommand for basic operation.The realization of microcommand may rely on CPU design and becomes
Change.Programmed instruction can encode with programming language, and described programming language can be high-level programming language
(such as C, Java etc.) or low level programming language (such as machine language or assembler language).Electricity
Sub-figure computer can also have operating system, and it can be the computer program with programmed instruction
System service is provided.
Receiver 112 includes processing unit 202, and emulator 918 includes relating to following whole
Circuit: (a) only hardware circuit realizes, the most only simulation and/or the realization of digital circuit, and (b)
Circuit and the combination of software (and/or firmware), such as (if applicable): (i) processor
Combination, or (ii) comprise digital signal processor, software and memorizer processor/software one
Part, it can work together so that device performs various functions, and (c) circuit, the most micro-place
Reason device or a part for microprocessor, it needs software or firmware to run, even if software or firmware thing
Do not exist in reason.
As another example, term " circuit " also covers only processor (or multiple processor) or place
The reason part of device and bundled software thereof and/or the realization of firmware.
Embodiment provides the computer program implemented with distribution medium, and it includes programmed instruction, these
Programmed instruction is configured to control device and performs above-described embodiment when being loaded in electronic installation.
Computer program can take source code form, object code form or certain intermediate form, and
And it can be stored in certain carrier, this carrier can be any entity or the device that can carry program
Part.Such as, such carrier includes recording medium, computer storage, read only memory and soft
Part distribution bag.Depending on required process power, computer program can calculate at separate unit electronic digit
Machine performs, or can distribute between multiple stage computer.
Described device also can be implemented as one or more integrated circuit, such as application-specific integrated circuit ASIC
(special IC).Other hardware embodiment are also feasible, such as by independent logic module
The circuit constituted.These different mixing realized also are feasible.When selecting implementation method, ability
The size being considered for device is such as become by field technique personnel with power consumption, necessary disposal ability, output
This and quantum of output and the requirement that arranges.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that as technological progress, concept of the present invention can
To realize in every way.The present invention and embodiment are not limited to above-mentioned example, but can be in power
Profit changes in the range of requiring.
Claims (22)
1., for a device for radio channel emulation, wherein said device includes:
Receiver, it is configured to according to receiving direction from least one base station of radio system reception bag
Include being wirelessly transferred of real radio system of tentation data；
Processing unit, it is configured to:
Formed based on the comparison between the data received and corresponding tentation data and postpone taking out of distribution
Head,
Recipient based on described transmission always estimates the direction of the described tap postponing distribution, and
By making the directional correlation of the described tap and estimation postponing distribution join, formed for aerial property
The radio channel data of the radio channel model in multiple-input and multiple-output emulation in energy test cabinet,
Described airborne performance test cabinet has the multiple antennas around test zone, and being devices under can be by
It is placed in described test zone.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver includes multiple direct scan device sky
Line；And described processing unit is configured to make each tap postponing distribution of scanning device antenna and institute
State the directional correlation connection of scanning device antenna.
3. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver includes that at least one omnidirectional is scanned
Device antenna and at least two direct scan device antenna；
Described processing unit is configured to based on being received by least one omnidirectional's scanning device antenna described
Comparison between data and corresponding tentation data forms the described tap postponing distribution, and based on
The recipient of described at least two direct scan device antenna always estimates the side of the described tap postponing distribution
To.
4. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver includes multiple omnidirectional's scanning device sky
Line, the distance between the plurality of omnidirectional scanning device antenna is known；
Described processing unit is configured to:
Come based on the comparison between the data received by omnidirectional's scanning device antenna and corresponding tentation data
Form the described tap postponing distribution；
Measure at least one Doppler frequency shift of the transmission received；
Based on the distance between described scanning device antenna measure described in the transmission that receives in described omnidirectional
At least one phase shift between scanning device antenna, and
The Doppler frequency shift recorded based at least one and the phase in-migration estimation at least that at least one records
Individual reception direction.
5. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said processing unit is configured to perform described letter
The noise reduction of track data.
6. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said processing unit is configured to perform described letter
The time domain resampling of track data, so that the sampling that sampling density uses in emulating with described radio channel
Density is consistent.
7. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said receiver includes arranging in the following manner
At least three omnidirectional scanning device antenna: occupy the two-dimensional field, thus dimensionally separate and receive direction.
8., for a device for radio channel emulation, wherein said device is configured to:
Receive the radio channel data of the real radio channel of radio system, described aerogram
Track data includes the oriented delay distribution with the tap being associated with directional information；And
By the tap assignments of different directions by postponing distribution to airborne performance test cabinet the most on the same day
Line, is mapped to described radio channel data in off-air antennas.
9. device as claimed in claim 8, the wherein quantity postponing distribution of different directions and described
The quantity of the antenna in airborne performance test cabinet is identical；And described device is configured to oriented delay
The tap assignments of distribution gives predetermined off-air antennas.
10. device as claimed in claim 8, wherein
The quantity postponing distribution of different directions is more than the number of the antenna in described airborne performance test cabinet
Amount；And described device is configured to:
Postpone distribution based at least two continuous print and form the delay distribution of off-air antennas.
11. devices as claimed in claim 8, wherein the quantity postponing distribution of different directions is less than
The quantity of the antenna in described airborne performance test cabinet；And described device is configured to:
Off-air antennas is formed by least one delay distribution is divided at least two delay distribution
Postponing distribution, described at least two postpones each in distribution in described airborne performance test cabinet
Different antennae.
12. 1 kinds of methods for radio channel emulation, described method includes:
According to receiving direction, from least one base station of radio system, reception includes the wireless of tentation data
Transmission；
Formed based on the comparison between the data received and corresponding tentation data and postpone taking out of distribution
Head；
Always the direction of the described tap postponing distribution is estimated based on recipient；And
By making the directional correlation of the described tap and estimation postponing distribution join, formed for aerial property
The radio channel data of the radio channel model in multiple-input and multiple-output emulation in energy test cabinet,
Described airborne performance test cabinet has the multiple antennas around test zone, and being devices under can be by
It is placed in described test zone.
13. methods as claimed in claim 12, described method also includes: by multiple direct scans
Device antenna is wirelessly transferred described in receiving；And make each tap postponing distribution and the institute of scanning device antenna
State the directional correlation connection of scanning device antenna.
14. methods as claimed in claim 12, described method also includes: by least one omnidirectional
Scanning device antenna and at least two direct scan device antenna are wirelessly transferred described in receiving；
Based on the data received by least one omnidirectional's scanning device antenna described and corresponding tentation data
Between comparison formed described postpone distribution tap；And
Recipient based on described at least two direct scan device antenna always estimates described delay distribution
The direction of tap.
15. methods as claimed in claim 12, described method also includes: scanned by multiple omnidirectionals
Device antenna is wirelessly transferred described in receiving, and the distance between the plurality of omnidirectional scanning device antenna is known
's；
Come based on the comparison between the data received by omnidirectional's scanning device antenna and corresponding tentation data
Form the described tap postponing distribution；
Measure at least one Doppler frequency shift of the transmission received；
Based on the distance between described scanning device antenna measure described in the transmission that receives in described omnidirectional
At least one phase shift between scanning device antenna；And
The Doppler frequency shift recorded based at least one and the phase in-migration estimation at least that at least one records
Individual reception direction.
16. methods as claimed in claim 12, described method also includes: perform described channel data
Noise reduction.
17. methods as claimed in claim 12, described method also includes: perform described channel data
Time domain resampling so that sampling density and described radio channel emulation in use sampling density phase
Symbol.
18. 1 kinds of methods for radio channel emulation, described method includes:
Receive the radio channel data of the real radio channel of radio system, described aerogram
Track data includes the oriented delay distribution with the tap being associated with directional information；And
By the tap assignments of different directions by postponing distribution to airborne performance test cabinet the most on the same day
Line, is mapped to described radio channel data in off-air antennas.
19. methods as claimed in claim 18, described method also includes: in the delay of different directions
When the quantity of distribution is identical with the quantity of the antenna in described airborne performance test cabinet, oriented delay is divided
The tap assignments of cloth gives predetermined off-air antennas.
20. methods as claimed in claim 18, described method also includes: in the delay of different directions
When the quantity of distribution is more than the quantity of the antenna in described airborne performance test cabinet, based at least two even
Continuous oriented delay distribution forms the delay distribution of off-air antennas.
21. methods as claimed in claim 18, described method also includes: in the delay of different directions
When the quantity of distribution is less than the quantity of the antenna in described airborne performance test cabinet, by by least one
Oriented delay distribution is divided at least two and postpones distribution and each delay marked off distribution distributed
To the different antennae in described airborne performance test cabinet, form the delay distribution of off-air antennas.
22. 1 kinds of devices for radio channel emulation, including:
For according to receiving direction, from least one base station of radio system, reception includes tentation data
The parts being wirelessly transferred；
For being distributed based on the delay that relatively formed between the data received and corresponding tentation data
The parts of tap；
For always estimating the parts in the direction of the described tap postponing distribution based on recipient；And
For by making the directional correlation connection of the described tap and estimation postponing distribution be formed in the air
The radio channel data of the radio channel model in multiple-input and multiple-output emulation in performance test room
Parts, described airborne performance test cabinet has multiple antennas around test zone, tested sets
For being placed in described test zone.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/371,960 US9020440B2 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2012-02-13 | Radio channel data and the use thereof |
| US13/371,960 | 2012-02-13 | ||
| PCT/FI2013/050130 WO2013121092A1 (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2013-02-07 | Radio channel data and the use thereof |
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| EP2169888A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-03-31 | NTT DoCoMo Inc. | A three dimensional pilot aided radio channel estimator |
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| EP2169888A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-03-31 | NTT DoCoMo Inc. | A three dimensional pilot aided radio channel estimator |
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