CN104137165A - Traffic signal controller - Google Patents
Traffic signal controller Download PDFInfo
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- CN104137165A CN104137165A CN201280069770.0A CN201280069770A CN104137165A CN 104137165 A CN104137165 A CN 104137165A CN 201280069770 A CN201280069770 A CN 201280069770A CN 104137165 A CN104137165 A CN 104137165A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/095—Traffic lights
Abstract
Provided is a traffic signal controller that makes it possible to determine the normality or abnormality of a detection function that detects a state in which a combination of the light colors of a signal light unit is prohibited. A light color output circuit (40) outputs a green output state, said green output state being a signal indicating whether the AC100V that drives the green light of each signal light unit (1) is being output to each signal light unit (1), to an OR circuit (20). A generation unit (11) generates a simulation signal for simulating a state in which a combination of the light colors of each signal light unit is prohibited, and outputs the simulation signal to the OR circuit (20). The OR circuit (20) acquires the simulation signal and/or the green output state and outputs a green output monitor to a green-green detection circuit (30). A determining unit (12) determines whether the green-green detection circuit (30) is normal or abnormal on the basis of the simulation signal generated by the generation unit (11) and the green-green abnormality signal output by the green-green detection circuit (30).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the traffic signal control of the light color that switches multiple signal lamps.
Background technology
Based on the Step Information of light color information and demonstration duration of comprising each light color etc. of light color of illustrating each signal lamp of each step (stage), traffic signal control switches the light color (referring to patent documentation 1) of each signal lamp.Then, traffic signal control monitors that whether oneself state is normal.Step Information at traffic lights based on illustrating in advance and judging can not obtain the light color control of normal three kinds of light colors (red, yellow and green) with signal lamp, for example, the light color of signal lamp of road of crossing one another turns in green situation simultaneously, the flickering display of the flashing lamp signal executive signal lamp of traffic light controller based on from flasher circuit (for example, the combination of yellow flash and red flash of light or red flash of light etc.), so that prompting vehicles or pedestrians are careful, try to forestall traffic accidents in advance thus.
Figure 12 is the block diagram of the example arrangement of the traffic signal control 200 of diagram prior art.As shown in Figure 12, traffic signal control 200 comprises: control part 201, and it exports light color signal for controlling the light color of each signal lamp 1 based on phase data 203; Interface portion 202, it has the function of communicating by letter with main process equipment 300 in the heart in external control; Light color output circuit 205, its light color signal based on being exported by control part 201, output light color output state (for example AC100V or given voltage) is to each signal lamp 1; Green and green testing circuit 204, it detects the voltage of being exported by light color output circuit 205 to obtain the green state of the light color of each signal lamp 1, thereby for example detect the signal lamp 1 of each road wherein crossing one another simultaneously for green green and green state, then outputed to control part 201; Etc..
When green and green state detected in green and green state detection circuit 204 time, export flashing lamp signal from flasher circuit (not shown) to light color output circuit 205, make to avoid causing the dangerous green and green state of traffic hazard.
Prior art reference
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.S62-111395
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
But, in the traffic signal control 200 of prior art, when green and green state detection circuit 204 is due to any former thereby not when correct work, extremely cannot the detecting of green and green state detection circuit 204.Therefore, for example, just there will be such possibility: in the time that reality occurs that the signal lamp 1 of each road wherein crossing one another becomes green green and green state simultaneously, green and green state likely do not detected reliably.
Consider such situation and design the present invention.Its target is to provide a kind of traffic signal control, and it allows judgement to detect the light color of signal lamp wherein and is combined as whether be prohibited the measuring ability of state of combination normal.
The means of dealing with problems
Be characterised in that according to the traffic signal control of the first invention, a kind of traffic signal control of the light color that switches multiple signal lamps, comprising: generating unit, its generate simulating signal simulate each signal lamp wherein light color be combined as the state of combination of being prohibited; Illegal state test section, it is according to the light color output state of each signal lamp and/or the simulating signal that generated by described generating unit, and whether this state of output illegal state signal designation is that the combination of wherein light color is the state of combination that is prohibited; And judging part, its simulating signal based on being generated by described generating unit and/or the illegal state signal of being exported by described illegal state test section, judge the normal/abnormal of described illegal state test section.
Be characterised in that according to the traffic signal control of the second invention, in the first invention, comprise: green monitoring unit, it obtains the simulating signal that generated by described generating unit and/or the light color output state of each signal lamp, then, in the time that obtained light color output state is green, the simulating signal of exporting described light color output state and/or obtain is to described illegal state test section, feature is also, described illegal state test section is constructed to, when the light color of at least two signal lamps of the simulating signal of obtaining from described green monitoring unit and/or light color output state instruction is when simultaneously green, output illegal state signal designation wherein light color be combined as the state of combination of being prohibited.
Be characterised in that according to the traffic signal control of the 3rd invention, in the second invention, described generating unit is constructed to, and in the time not having signal lamp to have green light look, generating simulating signal, to simulate the light color of at least two signal lamps in signal lamp be wherein green state.
Be characterised in that according to the traffic signal control of the 4th invention, in second or the 3rd invents, described generating unit is constructed to, and in the time that the light color of any one signal lamp is green, it is green state that generation simulating signal is simulated the wherein light color of the signal lamp except this signal lamp.
Be characterised in that according to the traffic signal control of the 5th invention, in second or the 4th invents, described generating unit is constructed to, after the time point when having switched the light color of any one signal lamp signal lamp has passed through preset time, generating simulating signal, to simulate the wherein light color of the signal lamp except this signal lamp be green state.
Be characterised in that according to the traffic signal control of the 6th invention, in the 4th or the 5th invention, comprise factor judging part, its simulating signal and/or light color output state based on obtaining from described green monitoring unit, light color based at least two signal lamps becomes the green time simultaneously, and judgement causes light color whether to become green factor owing to simulating signal simultaneously.
Be characterised in that according to the traffic signal control of the 7th invention, in the second to the 6th any one of inventing, described judging part is constructed to, the illegal state signal of exporting based on green supervisory signal with by described illegal state test section, judge the normal/abnormal of illegal state test section, described green supervisory signal is simulating signal and/or the light color output state of being exported by green monitoring unit.
Be characterised in that according to the traffic signal control of the 8th invention, in the second to the 7th any one of inventing, comprise autodiagnosis portion, in the case of described generating unit generated light color that simulating signal causes at least two signal lamps become simultaneously green, when the light color of at least two signal lamps of the described simulating signal of being exported by green monitoring unit and/or light color output state instruction is not while being simultaneously green, be diagnosed as abnormal.
Be characterised in that according to the traffic signal control of the 9th invention, in any one in the first to the 8th invention, comprise notification unit, it is to the abnormal abnormal information of external notification instruction illegal state test section.
In the first invention, generating unit generates and outputting analog signal (also referred to as simulation green) is the state of combination that is prohibited for simulating the wherein combination of the light color of each signal lamp.Wherein separately the combination of the light color of signal lamp is that to be prohibited the light color of the signal lamp of the independent road that the state representation of combination for example crosses one another be simultaneously green green and green state etc.(for example, indicate whether to the signal of the given voltage such as AC100V of signal lamp output drive signal lamp according to the light color output state of each signal lamp; Also referred to as green output state) and/or the simulating signal that generated by generating unit is (, separately according to light color output state, separately according to simulating signal or according to the combination of light color output state and simulating signal), whether illegal state test section output illegal state signal (also referred to as green and green abnormal signal) is indicated this state is that wherein light color is combined as the state of combination of being prohibited.Simulating signal based on being generated by generating unit and the illegal state signal of being exported by illegal state test section, judging part judges the normal/abnormal of illegal state test section.
That is to say, at generation of generating unit and outputting analog signal, so that illegal state test section can be exported illegal state signal, to indicate wherein light color combination be to be prohibited the state of combination, in the time that illegal state test section is normal, illegal state test section is supposed to export illegal state signal, and indicating wherein light color combination is the state of combination that is prohibited.Therefore, the illegal state signal of exporting when simulating signal that generating unit generated and exported and illegal state test section is mutually relatively time, allows judgement to detect light color wherein and is combined as and is prohibited illegal state test section normal/abnormal of state of combination.
In the second invention, green monitoring unit is obtained the simulating signal that generated by generating unit and/or the light color output state of each signal lamp, then,, in the time that obtained light color output state is green, output light color output state and/or the simulating signal of obtaining arrive illegal state test section.The green light color output state and the simulating signal that output to illegal state test section from green monitoring unit are also referred to as green output supervision.That is, the light color that green monitoring unit is obtained simulating signal lamp become green simulating signal and wherein the light color of signal lamp be green light color output state, then as green, output monitors they is outputed to illegal state test section.In the time that the light color of at least two signal lamps of the simulating signal of obtaining from green monitoring unit and/or light color output state instruction is forbidden green combination, illegal state test section output illegal state signal (green and green abnormal signal) indicates light color to be wherein combined as to be prohibited the state of combination.
Generating unit generate simulating signal be not reflected in signal lamp light color show in mode output to green monitoring unit.Therefore,, even during the normal operations of traffic signal control switching signal lamp light color, by using simulating signal, allow to generate the wherein light color of signal lamp as simulation and become the forbidden green green and green state combining.Therefore, similarly and be parallel to the normal operations of traffic signal control, allow to judge the normal/abnormal of illegal state test section.
In the 3rd invention, in the time not having signal lamp to have green light look, generating unit generates simulating signal, and to simulate wherein the light color of at least two signal lamps in signal lamp be green state.Owing to not having signal lamp to have green light look, so be green signal as the light color of clearing lamp, green monitoring unit is only obtained separately simulating signal.Therefore, the only independent outputting analog signal of green monitoring unit is to illegal state test section.For example, in the case of causing light color to become the forbidden green analog signal output combining to illegal state test section, in the time that illegal state test section is not exported the illegal state signal of state of forbidden green combination, allow to judge that it is abnormal that illegal state detects.In the time only separately using simulating signal, in the case of having got rid of the state for transmitting signal wire that light color output state passes through etc., allow to judge the normal/abnormal of independent illegal state test section.
In the 4th invention, in the time that the light color of any one signal lamp in signal lamp is green, it is green state that generating unit generation simulating signal is simulated the wherein light color of this signal lamp signal lamp in addition.For example, exporting the wherein light color of signal lamp to illegal state test section in green monitoring unit is that green light color output state and the light color of simulating another signal lamp become in green simulating signal situation, in the time that illegal state test section is exported the illegal state signal of state of forbidden green combination, allow to judge that illegal state test section is normal.Further, in the time that illegal state test section is not exported illegal state signal, except illegal state test section abnormal, also allow to judge the abnormal of signal wire that light color output state is transmitted through simultaneously.Therefore, allow to extract the wherein website of infer fault without omitting.
In the 5th invention, after the time point in the time having switched the light color of any one signal lamp signal lamp has passed through preset time, it is green state that generating unit generation simulating signal is simulated the wherein light color of the signal lamp except this signal lamp.For example, can be 2 to arrive 30ms etc. preset time.The light color signal being generated for the object of the light color of control signal lamp by traffic signal control is converted into given voltage, such as the AC 100V of the object for driving signal lamp.But the switching of the light color output state of exporting according to the existence to voltage or non-existent judgement is delayed with respect to the time point of the switching of the light color of light color signal.Therefore, the time point place in the time having switched the light color of signal lamp generates simulating signal, the light color of light color output state before switching light color signal.Therefore, used less desirable light color combination.In the time that the time point of generation and outputting analog signal is delayed, allow to use the light color combination of expecting to judge the normal/abnormal of illegal state test section.
In the 6th invention, simulating signal based on obtaining from green monitoring unit and/or light color output state, light color based at least two signal lamps becomes the time of green (forbidden green combination) simultaneously, and the judgement of factor judging part causes light color whether to become green factor owing to described simulating signal simultaneously.
For example,, for example, when having inferred that from light color output state and simulating signal when simultaneously green, the signal length of illegal state signal (green and green abnormal signal) is to be determined by the length of simulating signal, therefore, is 10ms etc.On the other hand, when having inferred from light color output state when simultaneously green, this be by physical fault but not caused by simulation abnormal.Therefore, the signal length of illegal state signal (green and green abnormal signal) is elongated.Therefore, when illegal state signal in short-term, allow to be judged as owing to simulating signal.Further, in the time of illegal state Chief Signal Boatswain, allow to be judged as owing to physical fault.Accordingly, some place allows to judge that simultaneously green factor is owing to simulating signal or physical fault at any time.Therefore, for example, during the normal operations of traffic signal control, do not need to provide holding time etc. to be used for by using simulating signal to carry out normal/abnormal judgement., allow to judge the normal/abnormal of illegal state test section in the state of carrying out actual green and green abnormality detection.
In the 7th invention, the illegal state signal of exporting based on green supervisory signal with by illegal state test section, judging part judges the normal/abnormal of illegal state test section, and described green supervisory signal is simulating signal and/or the light color output state of being exported by green monitoring unit.For example, in the situation that green supervisory signal is green (forbidden green combination) simultaneously, in the time that illegal state signal is not green (forbidden green combination) simultaneously, judge that illegal state test section is abnormal.Further, not, the in the situation that simultaneously green and illegal state signal being simultaneously green, to judge that illegal state test section is abnormal in green supervisory signal yet.Accordingly, allow the abnormal of identify forbidden state-detection portion exactly.
In the 8th invention, generated the wherein light color of at least two signal lamps in generating unit becomes the simulating signal of green (forbidden green combination) simultaneously, in the time that the light color of the simulating signal of being exported by green monitoring unit and/or light color output state (green output monitors) at least two signal lamps of instruction is not green (forbidden green combination) simultaneously, autodiagnosis portion is diagnosed as extremely.For example, when the light color output state at a signal lamp is green, the light color that generating unit generates and outputting analog signal is simulated another signal lamp is when green, and green monitoring unit is exported inherently green output and monitored and indicate green simultaneously.But, when the simulating signal of green monitoring unit output or the light color of at least two signal lamps of light color output state instruction be not while being simultaneously green, allow diagnosis to be inferred as the abnormal of green monitoring unit, or alternatively, the light color output state that green monitoring unit is obtained abnormal, the signal wire that, the light color output state of the circuit (for example, being called light color output circuit) of output light color output state is transmitted through etc. abnormal.
In the 9th invention, notification unit is to the abnormal abnormal information of external notification instruction illegal state test section.For example, allow notification unit by order wire abnormal to external host device notice illegal state test section, or alternatively, allow notification unit make the pilot lamp that provides in traffic signal control etc. open or flicker so that notice is abnormal.Accordingly, in the time of extremely the occurring of illegal state test section, allow to notify rapidly this abnormal.
Invention effect
According to the present invention, when the simulating signal that is generated and exported by generating unit and the illegal state signal exported by illegal state test section are mutually relatively time, allowing judgement to detect the wherein light color combination of signal lamp is to be prohibited the normal/abnormal of the illegal state test section of the state of combination.
Brief description of the drawings
[Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is that diagram is according to the block diagram of the example of the configuration of traffic signal control of the present invention.
[Fig. 2] Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that illustrates the example of the crossroad that the signal lamp place that traffic signal control according to the present invention controls is wherein installed.
[Fig. 3] Fig. 3 illustrates the wherein key drawing of the state that is combined as forbidden while green of the light color of each signal lamp.
[Fig. 4] Fig. 4 is the key drawing of the relation between step and the analog signal output of light color of each signal lamp of diagram.
[Fig. 5] Fig. 5 is the key drawing that illustrates the normal or abnormal example that wherein judges green and green testing circuit 30.
[Fig. 6] Fig. 6 is the key drawing that is shown in the example of the judgement in the situation that uses simulating signal.
[Fig. 7] Fig. 7 is the key drawing that is shown in the example of the judgement in the situation that does not use simulating signal.
[Fig. 8] Fig. 8 is that diagram causes green and green abnormal signal to open the key drawing of the example of the determination methods of the factor of (ON).
[Fig. 9] Fig. 9 is the key drawing of the example of the time point of the generation of diagram simulating signal.
[Figure 10] Figure 10 is the process flow diagram that is shown in the process of the normal/abnormal judgement processing in the situation that uses simulating signal.
[Figure 11] Figure 11 is the process flow diagram that is shown in the process of the normal/abnormal judgement processing in the situation that does not use simulating signal.
[Figure 12] Figure 12 is the block diagram of the example arrangement of the traffic signal control of diagram prior art.
Embodiment
Referenced in schematic provides description below according to the accompanying drawing of the embodiment of traffic signal control of the present invention.Fig. 1 is that diagram is according to the block diagram of the example of the configuration of the traffic signal control 100 of the present embodiment.Traffic signal control 100 comprises control part 10, logic and circuit 20, green and green testing circuit 30, light color output circuit 40, interface portion 50, notification unit 60, phase data 70 etc.Further, control part 10 comprises generating unit 11, judging part 12 etc.
Based on phase data 70, control part 10 is exported light color signal to light color output circuit 40, and object is to switch the light color of each signal lamp 1.
For example, phase data 70 comprises: light color information, and it indicates the state (open or close) of each light color of each step; With various information, show the duration (with reference to showing the duration), show the duration (minimum show duration) and show duration (maximum show duration), stage type (for example, the classification in long stage of instruction, middle stage, short stage etc.), safety continuous time and operation setting in second in the maximum of second in the minimum of second such as the reference in second of the order of light color, each step.
The light color signal that light color output circuit 40 is exported control part 10 is converted to AC 100V or given voltage, for driving signal lamp 1, and Open from This Side the lamp of signal lamp 1 or the object of LED (light emitting diode).Further, light color output circuit 40 is exported green output state (light color output state) to logic and circuit 20 and is exported the signal such as the given voltage of the green light of each signal lamp 1 of driving of AC 100V as indicating whether to each signal lamp 1.,, in the time that AC100V etc. is output to the drive wire (electric power supply line) of the green light that drives signal lamp 1, the green output state of signal lamp 1 becomes unlatching (or existence).Like this, the in the situation that of Fig. 2, green output state has altogether the amount of the information of 6, forms by 3 on 3 on main roads and secondary road.
Generating unit 11 generate and to logic and circuit 20 outputting analog signals (also referred to as simulation green) for simulate each signal lamp 1 wherein light color be combined as the state of combination of being prohibited.Simulating signal also has the amount of the information identical with green output state.Wherein being combined as of the light color of each signal lamp 1 is prohibited the state of combination indicate the light color of the signal lamp 1 of each road for example crossing one another is the green and green state of green (forbidden green combination) simultaneously.Be prohibited the state of combination for being combined as of the light color of each signal lamp 1 wherein, provide description below.When supposing in the present embodiment, green indicating lamp look is forbidden green combination.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that illustrates the example of the crossroad that signal lamp 1 place controlling according to the traffic signal control 100 of the present embodiment is wherein installed.As shown in Figure 2, at the parting of the ways, main roads and secondary road cross one another.The light color that is used for the signal lamp 1 of main roads is 1G (green) and 1A (green arrow of right-hand rotation).Further, be 2G (green) and 2A (green arrow of right-hand rotation) for the light color of the signal lamp 1 of secondary road.Walker signal lamp 1 for the crossing through secondary road is 1PG (pedestrian's green), and is 2PG (pedestrian's green) for the walker signal lamp 1 of the crossing through main roads.The light color of the quantity of the road crossing one another at the parting of the ways here, and signal lamp 1 is all example and be not limited to the example of Fig. 2.Further, in the present embodiment, signal lamp 1 comprises for the signal lamp of vehicle with for pedestrian's signal lamp.Further, the green of light color comprises the green of craspedodrome, the green arrow of left-hand rotation, green arrow, pedestrian's green etc. of right-hand rotation.
Fig. 3 illustrates the wherein key drawing of the state that is combined as forbidden while green of the light color of each signal lamp.In Fig. 3, it is the state that allows combination that symbol O indicates the wherein combination of light color, and symbol N instruction is wherein combined as the state of combination of being prohibited.Further, the example of Fig. 3 illustrates the combination of the light color of the signal lamp 1 shown in Fig. 2.As shown in Figure 3, be allowed to open with the light color 1PG (pedestrian's green) for main roads for the light color 1G (green) of main roads simultaneously.But, be prohibited with light color 1A (green arrow) for main roads, open for 2G (green), the 2PG (pedestrian's green) of secondary road and any one of 2A (green arrow) simultaneously for the light color 1G (green) of main roads.
Similarly, be allowed to open with the light color 1G (green) for main roads for the light color 1PG (pedestrian's green) of main roads simultaneously, be still prohibited with light color 1A (green arrow) for main roads, open for 2G (green), the 2PG (pedestrian's green) of secondary road and any one of 2A (green arrow) simultaneously.
Similarly, be prohibited with light color 1G (green) and 1PG (pedestrian's green) for main roads, open for 2G (green), the 2PG (pedestrian's green) of secondary road and any one of 2A (green arrow) simultaneously for the light color 1A (green arrow) of main roads.Further, similarly situation is also effective for light color 2G (green), 2PG (pedestrian's green) and 2A (green arrow) for secondary road.
Further, as shown in Figure 3, be divided into C1 to C6 class for the light color of main roads with for the combination of the light color of secondary road.After a while when description to be judged and be indicated as the combination of C1 to the light color of C6 class.
By the green output state that uses simulating signal (green of simulation) and exported by light color output circuit 40, generating unit 11 is simulated green when wherein the combination of light color is forbidden combination, and by only using simulating signal, simulate green when wherein the combination of light color is forbidden combination.Here, even if generating unit 11 does not generate and to logic and circuit 20 outputting analog signals, by only using the green output state of being exported by light color output circuit 40, obtain green when wherein the combination of light color is forbidden combination.In the case, there is fault and therefore indicated physical fault state instead of simulation in reality in traffic signal control 100.
Logic and circuit 20 have the function of green monitoring unit, it obtains the simulating signal being generated by generating unit 11 and/or the light color output state of being exported by light color output circuit 40, then, when obtained light color output state is while being green (green output state), output light color output state (being green output state) and/or the simulating signal obtained are to green and green testing circuit 30.,, the in the situation that of Fig. 2, six signal wire 1G, 1PG, 1A, 2G, 2PG and 2A of six signal wire 1G, 1PG, 1A, 2G, 2PG, 2A and simulating signals of light color output circuit 40 are imported into logic and circuit 20.Then, for each in 1G, 1PG, 1A, 2G, 2PG and 2A, calculate the signal of signal wire of light color output circuit 40 and the signal of the signal wire of simulating signal logic and.
Be also referred to as green output supervision (green supervisory signal) from logic and circuit 20 to green light look output state (green output state) and the simulating signal of green and green testing circuit 30.; logic and circuit 20 obtain simulating signal simulate wherein the light color of signal lamp 1 be green state and/or wherein the light color of signal lamp 1 be green light color output state (green output state), then exported the output as green and monitored green and green testing circuit 30.Further, logic and the green output of circuit 20 output monitor control part 10.
Here,, in the example of Fig. 1, logic and circuit 20 can be left in the basket.In the case, the analog signal output that generating unit 11 is generated to green and green testing circuit 30 and the green output state of at the same time light color output circuit 40 being exported output to green and green testing circuit 30, just enough.Further, simulating signal and green output state being monitored and output to control part 10 as green output, is enough.
Green and green testing circuit 30 has the function of illegal state test section, the simulating signal generating according to the light color output state of each signal lamp 1 or generating unit 11, output green and green abnormal signal (illegal state signal), indicate this state be whether wherein light color be combined as the state of combination of being prohibited.
According to the light color output state of each signal lamp 1, (whether what for example, instruction drove signal lamp outputs to the signal of signal lamp such as the given voltage of AC 100V; Also referred to as green output state) and/or the simulating signal that generates of generating unit 11 is (, separately according to light color output state, independent according to simulating signal or according to the combination of light color output state and simulating signal), green and green testing circuit 30 is exported illegal state signal (also referred to as green and green abnormal signal), indicate this state be whether wherein light color be combined as the state of combination of being prohibited.
More particularly, green and green testing circuit 30 obtains the green of being exported by logic and circuit 20 and exports supervision to judge whether this state is simultaneously green state, then, in the time that this state is the state of green simultaneously, exports green and green abnormal signal to control part 10.
Simulating signal based on being generated by generating unit 11, the light color output state of being exported by light color output circuit 40, the green and green abnormal signal (illegal state signal) of being exported by green and green testing circuit 30 and the green output of being exported by logic and circuit 20 monitors, judging part 12 judges the normal/abnormal etc. of green and green testing circuit 30.For example, can export green and green abnormal signal (illegal state signal) for green and green testing circuit 30 is the state of combination that is prohibited to indicate wherein light color combination, and generating unit 11 generates simulating signal.Then,, independent simulating signal outputs to green and green testing circuit 30 by logic and circuit 20 in the situation that, in the time that green and green testing circuit 30 is normal, it is the state of combination that is prohibited to indicate the wherein combination of light color that green and green testing circuit 30 is exported green and green abnormal signal.Further, in the time that green and green testing circuit 30 is not exported green and green abnormal signal, allow to judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is abnormal.Therefore, allow to identify exactly the abnormal of green and green testing circuit 30.
Further, due to logic and circuit 20 being provided, so the simulating signal that generating unit 11 generates with can not be reflected in signal lamp light color show in mode and output to logic and circuit 20.Therefore, even during the normal operations of the light color of traffic signal control 100 switching signal lamps, allow light color by generate signal lamp 1 wherein by simulating signal simultaneously the green and green state of virescence as simulation.Therefore, parallel similarly and with the normal operations of traffic signals control 100, allow to judge the normal/abnormal of green and green testing circuit 30.
Next, a kind of method of simulating green state of light color while by use simulating signal (simulation green) is described below.Use this simulating signal (simulation green) simulation light color method of green simultaneously as such passing through, have two kinds of methods (pattern).In first method (first mode), in the time that the light color of signal lamp 1 is green arbitrarily, generating simulating signal is green state for simulating the wherein light color of another signal lamp 1.Therefore, simultaneously green by simulating by actual lamp chrominance signal and simulating signal.
In second method (the second pattern), in the time not having signal lamp 1 to there is green light color, generate the simulation simulating signal of green state simultaneously.Therefore, simultaneously green by simulating by simulating signal separately.These situations will be described below.
Fig. 4 is the key drawing of the relation between step and the analog signal output of light color of each signal lamp 1 of diagram.Fig. 4 illustrates the situation of the switching of the light color (signal lamp) of each signal lamp 1 of each step (stage).In the drawings, horizontal line instruction is green, the arrow instruction green arrow in circle, and the F instruction flicker (flashing) in circle, two-wire instruction is red, and broken line instruction is yellow.Here, light color 1G, 1PG, 2G and 2PG are intrinsic is green.But for convenient, yellow (Y) and red (R) is also included within description.Further, in analog signal output, P1 indicates above-mentioned first mode, and P2 indicates the second pattern, and horizontal line instruction does not have outputting analog signal.Further, illustrate in which step (stage) and judge that the light color combination C1 shown in Fig. 3 is to C6.Further, in step 1 to 14, the demonstration duration of light color changes according to step.But, in Fig. 4, in order to simplify, do not consider to show the duration.
As shown in Figure 4, in step 3, use the combination C1 of the light color shown in Fig. 3.That is, in step 3, light color 1G is green, and the light color with the signal lamp of light color 1PG, 2G and 2PG is red, and 1A and 2A close.Therefore, in order to simulate green state of while together with light color 1G, outputting analog signal.,, in the duration of step 3, generating unit 11 generates continuously and outputting analog signal is simulated as light color 1PG, 2G, 2PG, 1A and 2A as green.For example, be that the signal length (pulse width) of 2 seconds and simulating signal is during for 10ms when the time of step 3, in the duration of step 3, each that allows to simulate over and over again in light color 1PG, 2G, 2PG, 1A and 2A is each green state.
In step 5,10,12, be also similar to step 3 and use first mode.Further, in step 5,10,12, use combination C3, C4 and the C6 of light color., because a light color is green, so outputting analog signal is for simulating green state of while together with green light color.
Further, in step 4, use the combination C2 of the light color shown in Fig. 3.When light color be combined as C2 time, can there is not independent 1PG (pedestrian's green) and turn alone green situation.Therefore,, in order to use separately the simulating signal simulation state of green simultaneously, use the time of step 4.Similar situation is also applicable to step 6 and 7.In step 4, the light color with the signal lamp of light color 1G is yellow, and the light color with the signal lamp of light color 1PG, 2G and 2PG is red, and 1A and 2A close., do not have signal lamp to there is green light look.Therefore, wherein forbid that in order to simulate two light colors of green state become green state, outputting analog signal simultaneously simultaneously.That is, in the duration of step 4, generating unit 11 generate and outputting analog signal with simulation light color be prohibited combination, as shown in Figure 3.For example, generating also outputting analog signal makes 1G and 2G become green.
In step 6 and 7, be similar to step 4, also use the second pattern.Be, green owing to there is no light color, so by simulating simultaneously green state by simulating signal separately.
Further, when light color be combined as C5 time, can there is not independent 2PG (pedestrian's green) and turn alone green situation.Therefore, with the simulating signal simulation state of green simultaneously, use the time of step 11 for separately.Similar situation is also applicable to step 13 and 14.In step 11,13 and 14, be similar to step 4, also use the second pattern.Be, green owing to there is no light color, by simulating simultaneously green state by simulating signal separately.
Be similar to the second above-mentioned pattern, in the time not having signal lamp 1 to have green light color, generating unit 11 generates simulating signal, and to simulate the light color of at least two signal lamps in signal 1 be wherein green state.Owing to not having signal lamp 1 to have green light color, so be green signal as the light color of clearing lamp, 20, logic and circuit obtain simulating signal.Therefore, green output monitors and is made up of separately simulating signal.
For using the two situation of first mode P1 and the second pattern P2, the example of Fig. 4 is described.As an alternative, can not judge normal/abnormal with first mode P1 by independent use the second pattern P2.
Green output based on being exported by logic and circuit 20 monitors (green supervisory signal) and the green and green abnormal signal of being exported by green and green testing circuit 30, and judging part 12 judges the normal/abnormal of green and green testing circuit 30.
Fig. 5 is the key drawing that illustrates the normal or abnormal example that wherein judges green and green testing circuit 30.As shown in Figure 5, monitor for simultaneously green in the situation that in green output, when green and green abnormal signal is when opening (ON), judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is for normally.Further, when green and green abnormal signal is when closing (OFF), judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is for abnormal.Further, monitor be not simultaneously green in the situation that in green output, when green and green abnormal signal is when opening, judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is for extremely.Further, when green and green abnormal signal is when closing, judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is for normal.Therefore, allow to identify exactly the abnormal of green and green testing circuit 30.
In the case of in order to simulate simultaneously green object by logic and the independent outputting analog signal of circuit 20 to green and green testing circuit 30, in the time that green and green testing circuit 30 is not exported green and green abnormal signal (the illegal state signal of green state simultaneously), allow to judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is for abnormal.On the other hand, in the situation that simulating signal and light color output state output to green and green testing circuit 30, in the time that green and green testing circuit 30 is not exported green and green abnormal signal (the illegal state signal of green state simultaneously), allow the abnormal of the light color output circuit 40 of detection except green and green testing circuit 30.
That is, be similar to above-mentioned first mode, when the light color of a signal lamp 1 is while being green, generating unit 11 generates simulating signal, and to simulate the light color of any signal lamp 1 outside one of them signal lamp 1 be green state.For example, obtaining the light color of signal lamp 1 wherein at logic and circuit 20 is that green green output state (light color output state) and the light color of another signal lamp 1 of simulation are green simulating signal, then using them as green, green and green testing circuit 30 is exported in output supervision, in the time that green and green testing circuit 30 is exported green and green abnormal signal (the illegal state signal of green state simultaneously), allow to judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is for normal.Further, in the time that green and green testing circuit 30 is not exported green and green abnormal signal, except green and green testing circuit 30 abnormal, also allow to judge the abnormal of signal wire (for example, the transmission line between light color output circuit 40 and logic and circuit 20) that light color output state is transmitted through simultaneously.Therefore, allow not omit and extract the wherein website of infer fault.
Next, the judgement example of judging part 12 is described below.The judgement of judging part 12 comprises: use the judgement of simulating signal, that is, carry out fault diagnosis by generating simultaneously green state as simulation; And do not use the judgement of simulating signal, that is, and actual green existence or non-existent judgement simultaneously.
Fig. 6 is the key drawing that illustrates the example of the judgement in the situation that uses simulating signal.As shown in Figure 6, whether simultaneously to monitor according to green output whether green and green and green abnormal signal are open or close, and judgement is divided into several situations.For example, monitor as green and green and green abnormal signal are simultaneously open in the situation that in green output, allow judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is for normally.Therefore, do not carry out the flickering display of signal lamp 1.
Further, when green output monitors as green and green and green abnormal signal are simultaneously when closing, allow judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is extremely.Therefore, carry out the flickering display of signal lamp 1.
Further, monitor it is not that green and green and green abnormal signal are open or close in the situation that simultaneously in green output, although by for simulate simultaneously green simulating signal from generating unit 11 output to logic and the green output of circuit 20 monitor be not simultaneously green reason be expected be comprise logic and circuit 20 prime circuit or transmission line, there is fault.Therefore, judge that traffic signal control 100 is abnormal, carry out thus the flickering display of signal lamp 1.
; in the case of generating unit 11 generated simulating signal make the light color of at least two signal lamps 1 become simultaneously green; in the time that the green output of being exported by logic and circuit 20 monitors that the light color of at least two signal lamps 1 of instruction is not simultaneously green, judging part 12 is diagnosed as extremely.For example, in the time of the green output state of signal lamp 1 of output (its light color output state is green), the light color that generating unit 11 generates and outputting analog signal is simulated another signal lamp 1 is in green situation, logic and circuit 20 export inherently green output monitor indicate simultaneously green.But; the green output of exporting when logic and circuit 20 monitors while not being simultaneously green; allow to be diagnosed as the abnormal of the abnormal or logic of logic and circuit 20 and green output state that circuit 20 obtains; the signal wire that, green output state is transmitted through abnormal or export light color output circuit abnormal of green output state.
Fig. 7 is the key drawing that illustrates the example of the judgement in the situation that does not use simulating signal.As shown in Figure 7, according to green, output monitors whether be whether while green and green and green abnormal signal are open or close, judgement is divided into several situations.For example, when green output monitors as green and green and green abnormal signal are simultaneously when opening, allow judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is for normally.Further, because actual light color is in simultaneously green state (actual green state simultaneously but not simulation), carry out the flickering display of signal lamp 1.
Further, when green output monitors as green and green and green abnormal signal are simultaneously when closing, allow judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is extremely.Further, because actual light color is in simultaneously green state (actual green state simultaneously but not simulation), so carry out the flickering display of signal lamp 1.
Further, not that green and green and green abnormal signal when opening, allow judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is for extremely simultaneously when green output monitors.Therefore, carry out the flickering display of signal lamp 1.In the case, do not use simulating signal, allow to find in advance the fault in green and green testing circuit 30.
Further, not that green and green and green abnormal signal, for closing, allow judge that green and green testing circuit 30 is normally simultaneously when green output monitors.Further, actual light color is not in simultaneously green state.Therefore, do not carry out the flickering display of signal lamp 1.
Next, the following describes cause green and green abnormal signal be open factor.For example, there are two kinds of factors to cause green and green abnormal signal to be opened.A kind of is the situation of green by simulating light color by simulating signal when.Another kind is that reality fault has occurred makes to occur simultaneously green.Therefore, the method that judgement causes the factor of green and green abnormal signal unlatching is described below.
Fig. 8 is the key drawing that illustrates the example of the determination methods of the factor for causing the unlatching of green and green abnormal signal.As shown in Figure 8, in the time that the green light of signal lamp 1 is opened, light color output circuit 40 is indicated green output state to logic and circuit 20 outputs green (1G).Here, the time durations of opening at light color 1G, indicates the green (1G) of green output state to continue to be output.The state of green for simulating light color when, generating unit 11 generates simulating signal 2G, 2PG, 2A and 1A betwixt with reasonable time interval, then they is outputed to logic and circuit 20.For example, the signal length of each simulating signal is 10ms etc.
In the time of input green (1G) and simulating signal 2G, logic and circuit 20 monitor to the green green output of 30 output instruction whiles of green and green testing circuit.Then, green and green abnormal signal is made as unlatching (output green and green abnormal signal) by green and green testing circuit 30.The signal length T1 of green and green abnormal signal wherein inputs these two time span of green (1G) and simulating signal 2G.Therefore,, in the time that the signal length of simulating signal is 10ms etc., signal length T1 is also 10ms etc.Similarly, at the two time durations of input green (1G) and simulating signal 2PG, export green and green abnormal signal (signal length is T2).Here, signal length T1 and T2 can have mutually different values or alternatively have identical value, and depend on simulating signal length.
On the other hand, time durations at from light color output circuit 40 to the green (1G) of logic and the green output state of circuit 20 output instruction, due to any reason reality there is fault, (for example make the green light of the signal lamp 1 except above-mentioned signal lamp 1,2G) become mistakenly in the situation of unlatching, no matter whether simulating signal exists, the green (2G) of the green output state of light color output circuit 40 output instruction.
In the time of input green (1G) and green (2G), logic and circuit 20 indicate simultaneously green green output to monitor to 30 outputs of green and green testing circuit.Then, green and green testing circuit 30 green and green abnormal signals are set to open (output green and green abnormal signal).In this case, owing to being due to physical fault but not due to simulation extremely, growing so the signal length of green and green abnormal signal becomes than the signal length T1 in simulating signal situation and T2, and there is the value that for example exceedes 200ms.
Green and green testing circuit 30 obtains green output supervision from logic and circuit 20, then exports green and green abnormal signal to judging part 12.The time (light color of at least two signal lamps is the time of forbidden green combination) that green and green abnormal signal based on exporting from green and green circuit 30 is opened, judging part 12 judgements cause light color whether to become green factor owing to simulating signal simultaneously.For example, based on green and green abnormal signal open time and based on given threshold value T3, judgement cause light color whether to become green factor owing to simulating signal simultaneously.For example, given threshold value T3 can be 200ms etc.
For example,, when having inferred that from green output state (light color output state) and simulating signal when simultaneously green, the signal length of green and green abnormal signal is determined by the length of simulating signal, is therefore such as 10ms etc.On the other hand, in the time having inferred that from green output state the while is green, this is by physical fault but not simulates cause abnormal.Therefore, the signal length of green and green abnormal signal is elongated.Therefore, the signal length of green and green abnormal signal is with the threshold of illustrating in advance.Then,, in the time that green and green abnormal signal is shorter than threshold value, allow to be judged as owing to simulating signal.In the time that green and green abnormal signal is longer than threshold value, allow to be judged as owing to physical fault.In the example of Fig. 8, the signal length of the green and green abnormal signal being caused by simulating signal is T1 or T2, and wherein any one is all shorter than threshold value T3.On the other hand, the green and green abnormal signal being caused by physical fault becomes is longer than threshold value T3.Accordingly, allow to put at any time to judge that simultaneously green factor is owing to simulating signal or physical fault.Therefore, for example, during the normal operations of traffic signal control 100, do not need to provide holding time etc. by using simulating signal to carry out this normal/abnormal judgement.The state that, allows to carry out therein actual green and green abnormality detection the normal/abnormal of green and green testing circuit 30 that judge.
Next, generation and the output time of simulating signal are described below.Fig. 9 is the key drawing of the example of the time point of the generation of diagram simulating signal.Fig. 9 illustrates for example light color of signal lamp 1 and switches to the situation of step 4, step 5 and step 6.For example, as shown in Figure 9, suppose in step 5, the light color signal of the green arrow (1A) generating according to the traffic signal control 100 of the light color for control signal lamp 1, green arrow becomes unlatching, then becomes and closes in step 6.
The light color signal generating for the traffic signal control 100 of the light color of control signal lamp 1 is converted to given voltage, such as AC 100V, to drive signal lamp 1.But the switching of the green output state (light color output state) that the judgement whether existing according to voltage is exported has been delayed the time delay of Δ T with respect to the time point of the switching of the light color of light color signal.For example, time delay Δ T 2 arrives 30ms etc.
Therefore, as shown in Figure 9, time point t1 place in the time of the light color of switching signal lamp generates simulating signal 2G, the light color (light color of step 5) of green output state (light color output state) before switching light color signal.Therefore, used the combination of less desirable light color and exported mistakenly green and green abnormal signal.
From the light color of switching signal lamp 1, passing through preset time (time delay Δ T) afterwards, generating unit 11 generates simulating signal, and to simulate the wherein light color of the signal lamp 1 except described signal lamp 1 be green state.For example, can be 2 to arrive 30ms etc. preset time.In the time that the time point of generation and outputting analog signal is delayed, allows the light color combination of expecting by use the situation that prevents thus the output of green and green abnormal signal mistake, thereby judge the normal/abnormal of green and green testing circuit 30.
Interface portion 50 has the function of communicating by letter with main process equipment 300 in the heart in external control.
Notification unit 60 comprises display part, such as LED, and to external notification abnormal information abnormal with instruction green and green testing circuit 30 etc.Notification unit 60 is allowed to notify the abnormal of green and green testing circuit 30 to external host device 300, for example, uses order wire by interface portion 50.Further, allow notification unit 60 to notify by open or flashing indicator light etc. abnormal.Accordingly, when green and green testing circuit 30 occurs when abnormal, allow to circulate a notice of rapidly that this is abnormal.
Next, the normal/abnormal determination methods for the traffic signal control 100 of the present embodiment is described below.Figure 10 is the process flow diagram of diagram for the flow process of the normal/abnormal judgement processing in the situation that using simulating signal.Control part 10 outputting analog signals are simulated wherein light color and are become simultaneously green state (S11), and the green output that then decision logic and circuit 20 are exported monitors whether indicate simultaneously green (S12).
When green output monitors (being yes at S12 place) while being simultaneously green, control part 10 judges whether the green and green abnormal signal that green and green testing circuit 30 is exported opens (S13).Then,, in the time that green and green abnormal signal is not opened (being no at step S13 place), control part 10 judges green and green testing circuit abnormal (S14), the then flickering display of executive signal lamp 1 (S15), then termination.
In the time that green and green abnormal signal is opened (being yes at S13 place), control part 10 judges green and green testing circuit 30 normal (S16), then termination.Here,, in the time judging that green and green testing circuit 30 is normal, after passing through preset time, control part 10 can repeat at step S11 and be later than the processing of step S11.That is, in a step (stage), can generate and outputting analog signal in multiple time, make repeatedly to judge the normal/abnormal of green and green testing circuit.
When green output monitors (being no at S12 place) while not being simultaneously green, for example, control part 10 self diagnosis be in logic and circuit 20 or the circuit of the prime of logic and circuit 20 etc. in have abnormal (S17), then carry out the processing at step S15 place.
Figure 11 is the process flow diagram of diagram for the flow process of the normal/abnormal judgement processing in the situation that not using simulating signal.The green output that control part 10 decision logics and circuit 20 are exported monitors whether indicate simultaneously green (S21).Then,, when green output monitors when simultaneously green (being yes at S21 place), control part 10 judges whether the green and green abnormal signal that green and green testing circuit 30 is exported opens (S22).
In the time that green and green abnormal signal is opened (being yes at S22 place), control part 10 judges green and green testing circuit 30 normal (S23), then judges that light color is in while green state (S24).That is, control part 10 judges that in traffic signal control 100 fault has occurred reality, the state of intrinsic forbidden while green is occurred, the flickering display of executive signal lamp 1 (S25) thus, then termination.
In the time that green and green abnormal signal is not opened (being no at S22 place), control part 10 judges green and green testing circuit abnormal (S26), the then flickering display of executive signal lamp 1 (S27), then termination.
When green output monitors (being no at S21 place) while not being simultaneously green, control part 10 judges whether the green and green abnormal signal that green and green testing circuit 30 is exported opens (S28).Then,, in the time that green and green abnormal signal is opened (being yes at S28 place), control part 10 is carried out the processing at step S26 place.
In the time that green and green abnormal signal is not unlatching (being no at S28 place), control part 10 judges green and green testing circuit normal (S29), then judge that the light color of signal lamp 1, not in while green state (S30), then stops this processing.
In the above-described embodiments, in the time judging that green and green testing circuit etc. is abnormal, can record and be judged as abnormal date and time.Further, can record normal date and times such as judging green and green testing circuit.In the time having recorded green and green testing circuit etc. normal or abnormal, allow to be utilized the information as being used for identifying the failure factors such as green and green testing circuit.
Example for the crossroad that wherein main roads and secondary road cross one another has been described above-described embodiment.But spendable situation is not limited to the crossroad that main roads and secondary road cross one another., the traffic signal control 100 of the present embodiment is applicable to the crossroad of any type.
Disclosed embodiment be considered to illustrative but not to restriction a little.Expect scope of the present invention by claims but not the description providing is specified above, and scope of the present invention comprises that its spirit and scope are equal to all modifications of claims.
Reference numeral is described
10 control parts
11 generating units
12 judging parts (judging part, factor judging part, autodiagnosis portion)
20 logics and circuit (green monitoring unit)
30 green and green testing circuits (illegal state test section)
40 light color output circuits
50 interface portion
60 notification units
70 phase data
Claims (9)
1. for switching the traffic signal control of light color for multiple signal lamps, comprising:
Generating unit, described generating unit generates simulating signal, described simulating signal simulation wherein each signal lamp light color be combined as the state of combination of being prohibited;
Illegal state test section, described illegal state test section is according to the light color output state of each signal lamp and/or the described simulating signal that generated by described generating unit, export illegal state signal, whether state is that the combination of wherein light color is the state of combination that is prohibited described in described illegal state signal designation; And
Judging part, the described simulating signal of described judging part based on being generated by described generating unit and/or the described illegal state signal of being exported by described illegal state test section, judge the normal/abnormal of described illegal state test section.
2. traffic signal control according to claim 1, comprising:
Green monitoring unit, described green monitoring unit is obtained the simulating signal that generated by described generating unit and/or the light color output state of each signal lamp, then, in the time that obtained light color output state is green, by described light color output state and/or the analog signal output that obtains to described illegal state test section
Wherein, described illegal state test section is constructed to make: in the time that the light color of the described simulating signal of obtaining from described green monitoring unit and/or at least two signal lamps of described light color output state instruction is green simultaneously, output illegal state signal, this illegal state signal designation wherein light color be combined as the state of combination of being prohibited.
3. traffic signal control according to claim 2, wherein, described generating unit is constructed to make:
In the time not having signal lamp to there is green light look, generate such simulating signal, it is green state that this simulating signal simulation wherein has the light color of at least two signal lamps in described signal lamp.
4. according to the traffic signal control described in claim 2 or 3, wherein, described generating unit is constructed to make:
In the time that the light color of any one signal lamp in described signal lamp is green, generate such simulating signal, this simulating signal simulation wherein light color of the signal lamp except this signal lamp is green state.
5. according to the traffic signal control described in claim 2 or 4, wherein, described generating unit is constructed to make:
After lighting from the time in the time that the light color of any one signal lamp described signal lamp has been switched and having passed through preset time, generate such simulating signal, this simulating signal simulation wherein light color of the signal lamp except this signal lamp is green state.
6. according to the traffic signal control described in claim 4 or 5, comprising:
Factor judging part, described simulating signal and/or the described light color output state of described factor judging part based on obtaining from described green monitoring unit, light color based at least two signal lamps becomes the green time simultaneously, judges and causes described light color whether to become green factor owing to described simulating signal simultaneously.
7. according to the traffic signal control described in any one in claim 2 to 6, wherein, described judging part is constructed to make:
The described illegal state signal of exporting based on green supervisory signal with by described illegal state test section, judge the normal/abnormal of described illegal state test section, described green supervisory signal is simulating signal and/or the light color output state by described green monitoring unit output.
8. according to the traffic signal control described in any one in claim 2 to 7, comprising:
Autodiagnosis portion, the light color having generated for causing at least two signal lamps in described generating unit becomes green simulating signal simultaneously, indicating the light color of these at least two signal lamps when the described simulating signal by described green monitoring unit output and/or described light color output state is not simultaneously when green, and described autodiagnosis portion is diagnosed as extremely.
9. according to the traffic signal control described in any one in claim 1 to 8, comprising:
Notification unit, described notification unit is indicated the abnormal abnormal information of described illegal state test section to external notification.
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| PCT/JP2012/053316 WO2013121512A1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2012-02-14 | Traffic signal controller |
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| CN108205898A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-06-26 | 广州华夏职业学院 | A kind of traffic lights Internet of things system |
| CN114495555A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-13 | 深圳市法马新智能设备有限公司 | Automatic correction device of traffic signal lamp and traffic signal lamp system |
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| CN104137165B (en) | 2016-12-07 |
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