CN104135215A - Non-contact motor driving device with intelligent overcurrent protection function - Google Patents
Non-contact motor driving device with intelligent overcurrent protection function Download PDFInfo
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- CN104135215A CN104135215A CN201410400461.8A CN201410400461A CN104135215A CN 104135215 A CN104135215 A CN 104135215A CN 201410400461 A CN201410400461 A CN 201410400461A CN 104135215 A CN104135215 A CN 104135215A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-contact motor driving device with an intelligent overcurrent protection function and relates to the motor driving device. The non-contact motor driving device solves the problems that a relay control circuit is adopted in an existing motor driving device, so that oxidation failures and mechanical aging are prone to occurring in the situation that the relay is switched on and off frequently, and in addition, a device which monitors the operation conditions of the motor in real time does not exist, so that the motor is prone to burnout and even fires are caused. According to the non-contact motor driving device, when the motor is a direct-current motor, a driver L298 is adopted, and a single chip microcomputer is used for providing control signals for the driver L298. When the motor is an alternating-current motor, the non-contact motor driving device comprises an optocoupler, a silicon controlled rectifier, a single chip microcomputer and three resistors. The circuit with the overcurrent protection function comprises a sampling resistor R13 and an alternating current conditioning circuit. The non-contact motor driving device is used for driving the direct-current motor and the alternating-current motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of motor driver.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of global electronic industrial technology, the range of application of motor expands gradually at present, and is playing the part of the role who becomes more and more important.Motor be applied in power and control field aspect is constantly expanded.The advantages such as existing motor drive module extensively adopts control relay circuit, and it has cheap, easy to use.But relay is easily occurring that contact oxidation lost efficacy and the problem of mechanical aging under switching over frequently.For example, the early stage elevator of installing adopts relay control mode more, and its shortcoming is that system contact is various, complex circuit, control function are difficult for increasing, energy consumption is high, noise is large, failure rate is high, reliability is low.
In addition, motor in the process of long-time running, may due to lubricated not or mechanical friction increase and cause running resistance to increase, even may occur that motor blocks and the fault that can not move.Because the internal resistance of motor is very little, now the electric current by motor will increase rapidly, produces at short notice huge heat and motor damage, even may initiation fire.But in existing long-term unattended system, the device that does not detect in real time the operation conditions of motor can not reach the object of protection motor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to adopt control relay circuit in order to solve existing motor driver; its relay is easily occurring that contact oxidation lost efficacy and the problem of mechanical aging under switching over frequently; and the device that there is no Real-Time Monitoring motor running condition; easily there is the even problem of initiation fire of motor damage, a kind of contactless electric machine drive unit with intelligent overcurrent protection function is provided.
The contactless electric machine drive unit with intelligent overcurrent protection function of the present invention, described motor is direct current machine; The driver that described contactless electric machine drive unit adopts is L298, adopts single-chip microcomputer to provide control signal for driver L298; The IO interface of single-chip microcomputer is connected with 12 pins with 10,11 of driver L298; 11 pins of driver L298 are Enable Pin EN, and when the input voltage of EN is low level, motor is forbidden motion, and when the input voltage of EN is high level, motor allows motion; 11 pins and 12 pins of driver L298 are respectively motor drive direction control end C and D, and when the input voltage of C is high level, and the input voltage of D is while being low level, motor forward, when the input voltage of C is low level, and the input voltage of D is while being high level, motor reversal; Direct current machine two ends connect respectively 4 fast recovery diode D1, D2, D3 and D4, one end of direct current machine connects the positive pole of diode D1 and the negative pole of diode D2 simultaneously, the other end of direct current machine connects the positive pole of diode D3 and the negative pole of diode D4 simultaneously, the negative pole of the negative pole of diode D1 and diode D3 is connected one end and the 12V power supply of 100nf electric capacity simultaneously, the other end ground connection of 100nf electric capacity, the plus earth of diode D2, the plus earth of diode D4; The two ends of motor connect respectively 13 pins and 14 pins of driver L298; 4 pins of driver L298 connect motor drive power supply, the 8 pin ground connection of driver L298, and 9 pins of driver L298 connect logic control part power supply; The 15 pin series resistor Rs of driver L298, to ground, feed back to single-chip microcomputer by resistance R s both end voltage, and single-chip microcomputer judges the current situation of motor by the voltage at measuring resistance Rs two ends, and then judges whether motor normally works.
The contactless electric machine drive unit with intelligent overcurrent protection function of the present invention, described motor is alternating current machine;
Described contactless electric machine drive unit comprises optocoupler, controllable silicon, single-chip microcomputer and three resistance; An input of optocoupler connects the IO port of single-chip microcomputer, another input of optocoupler is by resistance R 1 ground connection, an output of optocoupler is connected to interchange live wire, another output of optocoupler connects silicon controlled by resistance R 2 and controls utmost point G, silicon controlled anode A is connected to interchange live wire, silicon controlled negative electrode K is connected to one end of alternating current machine, and the other end of alternating current machine is connected to interchange zero line by resistance R 3; When single-chip microcomputer output high level, optocoupler conducting, and then trigger controlled silicon conducting, and alternating current machine running, when single-chip microcomputer output low level, optocoupler and controllable silicon cut-off, alternating current machine stall;
The circuit with overcurrent protection function comprises sampling resistor R13 and exchanges modulate circuit, and sampling resistor R13 is connected on alternating current machine loop, and the two ends of sampling resistor R13 are connected respectively to the V that exchanges modulate circuit
in1and V
in2end, U1, R5 and R6 form voltage follower, for U12 provides DC offset voltage V
off, by adjusting the resistance of R5 and R6, adjust DC offset voltage V
offsize, R11, R12, C1 and C2 form filter circuit, to input voltage V
in1and V
in2carry out filtering, U2, R13, R4, R7, R8, R9, R10 form V
in1, V
in2and V
offcomputing circuit, obtain the output voltage V that exchanges modulate circuit
out; The output voltage V of single-chip microcomputer continuous acquisition modulate circuit
out, obtain output voltage V
outwith DC offset voltage V
offthe mean value of absolute value is as the criterion of judgement overcurrent, and when this average voltage is greater than threshold value, Single-chip Controlling alternating current machine is shut down and reported to the police.
The present invention obtains beneficial effect: when the present invention adopts control relay circuit drive motors in order to solve, relay is easily occurring that contact oxidation lost efficacy and the Design of Problems of mechanical aging has gone out contactless and circuit for controlling motor mechanical action under switching over frequently, improve reliability and the life-span of motor, reduced the cost of safeguarding.In order to solve the problem that there is no the device of Real-Time Monitoring motor running condition in long-term unattended system; designed the intelligent current foldback circuit of direct current machine and alternating current machine; can effectively detect the running current of motor, and can effectively protect motor when motor breaks down.The direct current machine that the present invention is divided into according to power supply type respectively and alternating current machine have been designed highly reliable contactless electric machine drive circuit of long-life and corresponding intelligent current foldback circuit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the electrical block diagram of the contactless electric machine drive unit with intelligent overcurrent protection function of direct current machine;
Fig. 2 is the change curve of the intelligent current foldback circuit sampling resistor Rs both end voltage of direct current machine, wherein: abscissa represents the time, ordinate represents the voltage at sampling resistor two ends, curve a represents threshold voltage, curve b represents overcurrent voltage, curve c represents to start surge voltage, and curve d represents normal voltage;
Fig. 3 is the electrical block diagram of the contactless electric machine drive unit with intelligent overcurrent protection function of alternating current machine;
Fig. 4 is the voltage modulate circuit structural representation of the sampling resistor of alternating current machine current foldback circuit;
Fig. 5 is the voltage modulate circuit output voltage curve synoptic diagram of alternating current machine current foldback circuit sampling resistor, and wherein: abscissa represents the time, ordinate represents the voltage of output, and curve e represents output voltage, and curve f represents input voltage.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: below in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, has the contactless electric machine drive unit of intelligent overcurrent protection function described in present embodiment, motor is direct current machine described in present embodiment;
The driver that described contactless electric machine drive unit adopts is L298, adopts single-chip microcomputer to provide control signal for driver L298; The IO interface of single-chip microcomputer is connected with 12 pins with 10,11 of driver L298; 11 pins of driver L298 are Enable Pin EN, and when the input voltage of EN is low level, motor is forbidden motion, and when the input voltage of EN is high level, motor allows motion; 11 pins and 12 pins of driver L298 are respectively motor drive direction control end C and D, and when the input voltage of C is high level, and the input voltage of D is while being low level, motor forward, when the input voltage of C is low level, and the input voltage of D is while being high level, motor reversal; Direct current machine two ends connect respectively 4 fast recovery diode D1, D2, D3 and D4, one end of direct current machine connects the positive pole of diode D1 and the negative pole of diode D2 simultaneously, the other end of direct current machine connects the positive pole of diode D3 and the negative pole of diode D4 simultaneously, the negative pole of the negative pole of diode D1 and diode D3 is connected one end and the 12V power supply of 100nf electric capacity simultaneously, the other end ground connection of 100nf electric capacity, the plus earth of diode D2, the plus earth of diode D4; The two ends of motor connect respectively 13 pins and 14 pins of driver L298; 4 pins of driver L298 connect motor drive power supply, the 8 pin ground connection of driver L298, and 9 pins of driver L298 connect logic control part power supply; The 15 pin series resistor Rs of driver L298, to ground, feed back to single-chip microcomputer by resistance R s both end voltage, and single-chip microcomputer judges the current situation of motor by the voltage at measuring resistance Rs two ends, and then judges whether motor normally works.
In present embodiment, direct current machine have start fast, braking in time, can be on a large scale the features such as speed governing smoothly, control circuit be relatively simple.It is simple in structure, and driving force is strong, and power consumption is little, and low cost is widely used in railway locomotive, underground engines, mine locomotive etc.Because traditional relay has the problem that contact oxidation lost efficacy, so present embodiment proposes contactless DC drive circuit.
In present embodiment, by Single-chip Controlling L298, forward, reversion and stall that can very convenient control motor.
In present embodiment, the effect of 4 fast recovery diode D1, D2, D3 and D4 is to prevent that the induced current that motor status flip-flop causes from pouring in down a chimney motor damage.
Embodiment two: below in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, present embodiment is described further execution mode one, described single-chip microcomputer is AVR single chip computer AT mege16.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is described below in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described further execution mode one, when the drive current of direct current machine is less than 2A, driver L298 can be used 4 driver elements to drive 2 direct current machines simultaneously, when the drive current of direct current machine is between 2A～4A, driver L298 can be used 4 driver elements between two and connect and drive 1 direct current machine.
Embodiment four: below in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, present embodiment is described further execution mode one, described resistance R s adopts the powerful sampling resistor of little resistance.
In present embodiment, adopt the high-power sampling resistor of little resistance former because: the electric current by resistance R s is very large, in order not affect the normal operation of motor.
Embodiment five: present embodiment is described below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, present embodiment is described further execution mode one, described single-chip microcomputer judges the current situation of motor by the voltage at measuring resistance Rs two ends, and then judges that the detailed process whether motor normally works is:
Adopt the voltage Vsa at the real-time monitored resistance Rs of the AD modular converter two ends of single-chip microcomputer; Single-chip microcomputer starts direct current machine, and after the N millisecond after electric motor starting, single-chip microcomputer starts to gather resistance R s both end voltage, and when the voltage Vsa that monitors resistance R s two ends when single-chip microcomputer is greater than threshold value, Single-chip Controlling motor is out of service, sends alarm signal simultaneously; When whether single-chip microcomputer judgement voltage Vsa is greater than threshold value, continuous acquisition repeatedly voltage reconvicts after averaging; Wherein, N is arithmetic number, and 10≤N≤100.
In present embodiment, single-chip microcomputer starts after direct current machine, starts to gather Rs both end voltage, and this voltage as shown in Figure 2.In the moment of electric motor starting, resistance R s two ends produce a very large startup surge voltage, after the normal startup of motor, this voltage fast reducing is to normal voltage level, for avoiding erroneous judgement, in the N millisecond of electric motor starting (this time is depended on the concrete model of motor, and time of delay is in 10ms～100ms), single-chip microcomputer is not adjudicated the signal collecting; If motor blocks and can not turn round, the electric current that flows through Rs will be very large, and now the voltage at resistance R s two ends will, far beyond normal voltage level, stop the operation of motor and send alarm signal over threshold voltage when single-chip microcomputer detects Vsa.In addition, in motor operation course, electric current can be shaken, and then Vsa also has corresponding shake, in order to prevent that certain shake voltage is excessive, causes erroneous judgement, single-chip microcomputer need continuous acquisition repeatedly voltage average to adjudicate.
In present embodiment, single chip computer AT mege16 inside is integrated with 10 bit A/D C modules, can gather 8 road analog voltages, and sample rate can reach 15ksps, can meet the demand of current of electric monitoring.Adopt single chip computer AT mege16, can realize the control of motor, also can realize the real-time monitoring of current of electric, the burden of having exempted external AD modular converter, has simplified circuit design, has saved circuit cost.
Embodiment six: below in conjunction with Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, present embodiment is described, has the contactless electric machine drive unit of intelligent overcurrent protection function described in present embodiment, motor is alternating current machine described in present embodiment;
Described contactless electric machine drive unit comprises optocoupler, controllable silicon, single-chip microcomputer and three resistance; An input of optocoupler connects the IO port of single-chip microcomputer, another input of optocoupler is by resistance R 1 ground connection, an output of optocoupler is connected to interchange live wire, another output of optocoupler connects silicon controlled by resistance R 2 and controls utmost point G, silicon controlled anode A is connected to interchange live wire, silicon controlled negative electrode K is connected to one end of alternating current machine, and the other end of alternating current machine is connected to interchange zero line by resistance R 3; When single-chip microcomputer output high level, optocoupler conducting, and then trigger controlled silicon conducting, and alternating current machine running, when single-chip microcomputer output low level, optocoupler and controllable silicon cut-off, alternating current machine stall;
The circuit with overcurrent protection function comprises sampling resistor R13 and exchanges modulate circuit, and sampling resistor R13 is connected on alternating current machine loop, and the two ends of sampling resistor R13 are connected respectively to the V that exchanges modulate circuit
in1and V
in2end, U1, R5 and R6 form voltage follower, for U12 provides DC offset voltage V
off, by adjusting the resistance of R5 and R6, adjust DC offset voltage V
offsize, R11, R12, C1 and C2 form filter circuit, to input voltage V
in1and V
in2carry out filtering, U2, R13, R4, R7, R8, R9, R10 form V
in1, V
in2and V
offcomputing circuit, obtain the output voltage V that exchanges modulate circuit
out; The output voltage V of single-chip microcomputer continuous acquisition modulate circuit
out, obtain output voltage V
outwith DC offset voltage V
offthe mean value of absolute value is as the criterion of judgement overcurrent, and when this average voltage is greater than threshold value, Single-chip Controlling alternating current machine is shut down and reported to the police.
In present embodiment, the relay adopting for fear of traditional AC motor drives drives the problem that has relay contact oxidation deactivation, is contactless motor-drive circuit described in present embodiment.And motor, in the process of long-term work, may mechanical breakdown occur and block, cause electric current excessive and burn.In order to protect motor, present embodiment proposes alternating current machine automatic failure detection circuit, when motor blocks and occurs in over-current phenomenon avoidance situation, can detect in time and stop alternating current machine running, and to sending alarm signal.
In present embodiment, the little electric current AC electric machine driving circuit that utilizes optocoupler and controllable silicon to form, as shown in Figure 3.Optocoupler, also claims photoisolator or photoelectrical coupler, is called for short optocoupler, is to take light as medium carrys out the device of transmission of electric signals, conventionally photophore and light-receiving device is encapsulated in same shell.When input adds the signal of telecommunication, photophore emits beam, and light-receiving device is accepted just to produce photoelectric current after light, flows out, thereby realized " electrical-optical-electricity " conversion from output.The light of take is coupled to input end signal the photoelectrical coupler of output as medium, due to it have that volume is little, the life-span long, contactless, antijamming capability is strong, insulation between output and input, the advantages such as one-way transmission signal obtain application widely in digital circuit.Controllable silicon, is the abbreviation of silicon controlled rectifier, is a kind of large power semiconductor device with the four-layer structure of three PN junctions, is also called thyristor.Having the features such as volume is little, structure is relatively simple, function is strong, is one of semiconductor device of relatively commonly using.This device is widely used in various electronic equipments and electronic product, multiplex controlled rectification, inversion, frequency conversion, pressure regulation, the noncontacting switch etc. done.
In present embodiment, in order to solve in alternating current machine running, to block and can not normally move and the problem of motor damage, adopted current foldback circuit.Because the voltage at sampling resistor two ends is smaller, and the AC signal of positive and negative variation during this voltage, thereby sampling resistor can not be directly connected to its voltage of AD input end measuring of single-chip microcomputer, thereby adopted interchange modulate circuit, the voltage at sampling resistor two ends is carried out to filtering, amplifies and adds direct current biasing.
Embodiment seven: below in conjunction with Fig. 4, present embodiment is described, present embodiment is described further execution mode six, and the operation relation of described computing circuit is:
Obtain the output voltage V of modulate circuit
outfor:
V
out＝10(V
in2-V
in1+V
off)。
In present embodiment, output voltage equals the difference of input ac voltage and adds DC offset voltage, and then amplifies 10 times.Fig. 5 is for exchanging the input and output voltage schematic diagram of adjusting current circuit, as can be seen from Figure 5, the amplitude of output voltage is larger than input voltage, and output voltage is a positive signal, waveform is level and smooth, can directly receive the AD analog voltage input of single-chip microcomputer and measure.
Embodiment seven: below in conjunction with Fig. 4, present embodiment is described, present embodiment is described further execution mode six, the sampling resistor R13 of described current foldback circuit adopts the resistance of high-power little resistance.
Claims (8)
1. the contactless electric machine drive unit with intelligent overcurrent protection function, is characterized in that, described motor is direct current machine;
The driver that described contactless electric machine drive unit adopts is L298, adopts single-chip microcomputer to provide control signal for driver L298; The IO interface of single-chip microcomputer is connected with 12 pins with 10,11 of driver L298; 11 pins of driver L298 are Enable Pin EN, and when the input voltage of EN is low level, motor is forbidden motion, and when the input voltage of EN is high level, motor allows motion; 11 pins and 12 pins of driver L298 are respectively motor drive direction control end C and D, and when the input voltage of C is high level, and the input voltage of D is while being low level, motor forward, when the input voltage of C is low level, and the input voltage of D is while being high level, motor reversal; Direct current machine two ends connect respectively 4 fast recovery diode D1, D2, D3 and D4, one end of direct current machine connects the positive pole of diode D1 and the negative pole of diode D2 simultaneously, the other end of direct current machine connects the positive pole of diode D3 and the negative pole of diode D4 simultaneously, the negative pole of the negative pole of diode D1 and diode D3 is connected one end and the 12V power supply of 100nf electric capacity simultaneously, the other end ground connection of 100nf electric capacity, the plus earth of diode D2, the plus earth of diode D4; The two ends of motor connect respectively 13 pins and 14 pins of driver L298; 4 pins of driver L298 connect motor drive power supply, the 8 pin ground connection of driver L298, and 9 pins of driver L298 connect logic control part power supply; The 15 pin series resistor Rs of driver L298, to ground, feed back to single-chip microcomputer by resistance R s both end voltage, and single-chip microcomputer judges the current situation of motor by the voltage at measuring resistance Rs two ends, and then judges whether motor normally works.
2. the contactless electric machine drive unit according to claim 1 with intelligent overcurrent protection function, is characterized in that, described single-chip microcomputer is AVR single chip computer AT mege16.
3. the contactless electric machine drive unit according to claim 1 with intelligent overcurrent protection function; it is characterized in that; when the drive current of direct current machine is less than 2A; driver L298 can be used 4 driver elements to drive 2 direct current machines simultaneously; when the drive current of direct current machine is between 2A～4A, driver L298 can be used 4 driver elements between two and connect and drive 1 direct current machine.
4. the contactless electric machine drive unit according to claim 1 with intelligent overcurrent protection function, is characterized in that, described resistance R s adopts the powerful sampling resistor of little resistance.
5. the contactless electric machine drive unit according to claim 1 with intelligent overcurrent protection function; it is characterized in that; described single-chip microcomputer judges the current situation of motor by the voltage at measuring resistance Rs two ends, and then judges that the detailed process whether motor normally works is:
Adopt the voltage Vsa at the real-time monitored resistance Rs of the AD modular converter two ends of single-chip microcomputer; Single-chip microcomputer starts direct current machine, and after the N millisecond after electric motor starting, single-chip microcomputer starts to gather resistance R s both end voltage, and when the voltage Vsa that monitors resistance R s two ends when single-chip microcomputer is greater than threshold value, Single-chip Controlling motor is out of service, sends alarm signal simultaneously; When whether single-chip microcomputer judgement voltage Vsa is greater than threshold value, continuous acquisition repeatedly voltage reconvicts after averaging; Wherein, N is arithmetic number, and 10≤N≤100.
6. the contactless electric machine drive unit with intelligent overcurrent protection function, is characterized in that, described motor is alternating current machine;
Described contactless electric machine drive unit comprises optocoupler, controllable silicon, single-chip microcomputer and three resistance; An input of optocoupler connects the IO port of single-chip microcomputer, another input of optocoupler is by resistance R 1 ground connection, an output of optocoupler is connected to interchange live wire, another output of optocoupler connects silicon controlled by resistance R 2 and controls utmost point G, silicon controlled anode A is connected to interchange live wire, silicon controlled negative electrode K is connected to one end of alternating current machine, and the other end of alternating current machine is connected to interchange zero line by resistance R 3; When single-chip microcomputer output high level, optocoupler conducting, and then trigger controlled silicon conducting, and alternating current machine running, when single-chip microcomputer output low level, optocoupler and controllable silicon cut-off, alternating current machine stall;
The circuit with overcurrent protection function comprises sampling resistor R13 and exchanges modulate circuit, and sampling resistor R13 is connected on alternating current machine loop, and the two ends of sampling resistor R13 are connected respectively to the V that exchanges modulate circuit
in1and V
in2end, U1, R5 and R6 form voltage follower, for U12 provides DC offset voltage V
off, by adjusting the resistance of R5 and R6, adjust DC offset voltage V
offsize, R11, R12, C1 and C2 form filter circuit, to input voltage V
in1and V
in2carry out filtering, U2, R13, R4, R7, R8, R9, R10 form V
in1, V
in2and V
offcomputing circuit, obtain the output voltage V that exchanges modulate circuit
out; The output voltage V of single-chip microcomputer continuous acquisition modulate circuit
out, obtain output voltage V
outwith DC offset voltage V
offthe mean value of absolute value is as the criterion of judgement overcurrent, and when this average voltage is greater than threshold value, Single-chip Controlling alternating current machine is shut down and reported to the police.
7. the contactless electric machine drive unit according to claim 6 with intelligent overcurrent protection function, is characterized in that, the operation relation of described computing circuit is:
Obtain the output voltage V of modulate circuit
outfor:
V
out＝10(V
in2-V
in1+V
off)。
8. the contactless electric machine drive unit according to claim 6 with intelligent overcurrent protection function, is characterized in that, the sampling resistor R13 of described current foldback circuit adopts the resistance of high-power little resistance.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410400461.8A CN104135215A (en) | 2014-08-14 | 2014-08-14 | Non-contact motor driving device with intelligent overcurrent protection function |
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| CN104135215A true CN104135215A (en) | 2014-11-05 |
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