CN104123343A - Rendering-oriented spatial data real-time coordinate conversion/projection transformation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a rendering-oriented spatial data real-time projection transformation method. In the process of spatial data rapid rendering and drawing, projection transformation of data takes much time, and the efficiency directly determines the efficiency of data rendering. Whether the spatial data to be rendered are the same as a projection method of canvas is judged firstly, and if not, the projection transformation method is adopted. According to the main idea, reverse transformation is carried out on the space range to be transformed firstly, a space range on a source projection is obtained, and forward projection transformation and then data rendering are carried on a bounding rectangle of the range. The rendering-oriented spatial data real-time coordinate conversion/projection transformation method has the advantages that all operations are carried out on part of subsets of original data and carried out in a memory, the data do not need a disk, and the projection transformation efficiency and rear-end data rendering efficiency can be largely improved. According to the rendering-oriented spatial data real-time coordinate conversion/projection transformation method, an algorithm is high in efficiency and can be widely applied to systems and applications of data displaying, rendering and drawing which need multiple times of real-time projection transformation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the coordinate transform/projection conversion method in the Fast rendering drawing in Geographic Information System and remote sensing field, specifically, relate in Geographic Information System, remote sensing and survey field, the data of different projections (or geographic coordinate) are carried out fast projection and carried out the method that real-time map is played up, and the present invention plays up and quick space coordinate transformation/projection transformation applications of the spatial data charting (comprising GIS data and remotely-sensed data) applicable to multiple data-oriented.
Background technology
Carry out spatial data play up with drawing course in, the many times projected coordinate system of the same painting canvas/screen of spatial data to be rendered inconsistent, just needs transfer problem between different coordinates system.Conventional coordinate conversion comprises various rectangular coordinate system in space from earth coordinates, the earth's core rectangular coordinate system in space and joins the mutual conversion between heart rectangular coordinate system in space and different ginseng heart rectangular coordinate system in space.Relevant list of references comprises: Yang Bin, Gu Xiumei etc. the spatial data Conversion projection coordinate method research based on ArcGIS. mapping science .201204:, Jen-Bin Huang, Zen Chen et al.Pose determination of a cylinder using reprojection transformation Original Research Article.Pattern Recognition Letters, 199617 (10): 1089-1099 etc.
For coordinate transform/projection conversion, relevant document is more both at home and abroad, corresponding list of references is as Xu Qingan. and Gauss's one Ke Lvge Conversion projection coordinate becomes a kind of method of geographic coordinate. Anhui geology .201222 (4): 314-317, Chen Shu. the design and research of map projection's conversion class. mapping and spatial geographic information .201235 (4): 165-169, Anne Gelb, Jared Tanner.Robust reprojection methods for the resolution of the Gibbs phenomenon Original Research Article.Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis, 200620 (1): 3-25, R.Guedouar, B.Zarrad.A new reprojection method based on a comparison of popular reprojection models Original Research Article.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment.2010619 (1-3): 270-275 etc.Increase income storehouse GDAL and OGR provides some basic Conversion of Spatial Data method function interfaces, realized higher conversion efficiency, for the space conversion of whole file, can directly call its function and realize, and corresponding list of references is referring to website:
http:// www.gdal.org,
http:// www.gdal.org/gdal_alg_8h.htmldeng.But, realizing fast the projection real-time of zoom operations for user, the demand of real-time coordinate transform/projection conversion that the method cannot meeting spatial data, therefore needs to apply in this regard new strategy and realizes.
Space-oriented data play up with coordinate transform/projection conversion of charting aspect, particularly for the quick real-time rendering response aspect of some operation of user, oneself the patent/document through finding is also few at present, and corresponding a small amount of document also seldom special this bottleneck problem of strategy for quick coordinate transform/projection conversion carries out deep discussion.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the real-time coordinate transform/projection of a kind of spatial data towards playing up conversion method, the efficiency of particularly playing up/charting for the real-time local data of spatial data, the present invention solves for this problem.
Thinking of the present invention is: judge that whether spatial data to be rendered is identical with the projection pattern of painting canvas, if different, need to adopt the coordinate transform/projection conversion method in the present invention.The main thought of coordinate transform in the present invention/projection conversion is first spatial dimension to be transformed to be carried out to transformation by reciprocal direction or positive-going transition, obtain the spatial dimension in the coordinate/projection of source, then the data of boundary rectangle to this scope are carried out carrying out data after reciprocal transformation and are played up.Great advantage of the present invention is to operate all to need the only part subset to raw data to carry out, and all operations all can carry out in internal memory, does not need data rule, can greatly improve the efficiency that coordinate transform/projection conversion and Back end data are played up.
Technical scheme of the present invention provides the real-time coordinate transform/projection of a kind of spatial data towards playing up conversion method, it is characterized in that comprising following implementation step:
1), coordinate system/the projection that judges painting canvas is that α is whether β is consistent with data coordinate system/projection to be rendered, if unanimously, does not need to carry out coordinate transform/projection conversion, directly turns to step 6, if inconsistent, need to carry out real-time coordinate transform/projection conversion, and turn to step 2;
2), in the time that α is local coordinate system (as UTM WGS84 coordinate system) for the global latitude and longitude coordinates β of system, directly four angle points of data area are carried out to coordinate transform/projection conversion to α, then cut and obtain with painting canvas scope the data area ξ that actual needs is played up; Otherwise need to carry out reverse transformation, carry out backwards projection and cut with data area to β by four angle points of painting canvas, and then obtaining the Limit of J-validity ξ that need to play up;
3), after having determined the data area ξ that need to play up, then carry out the extraction of data subset by step 4 or step 5 respectively, and carry out the render process of step 6;
4), if this Spatial data types is vector data, need to be on the basis of step 2, Vector spatial data to be rendered is carried out to the filtration (judging that the vector F eature crossing with coordinate range ξ retains) of coordinate range ξ, to reduce the vector F eature number that need to carry out coordinate transform/projection conversion, then the vector F eature forward coordinate transformation/projection retaining is transformed in the α coordinate at painting canvas place;
5), if this Spatial data types is raster data, need to be on the basis of step 2, raster spatial data to be rendered is carried out to the filtration (calculating the corresponding raster data ranks of this coordinate range ξ scope according to the geographical deformation parameter of this raster data) of coordinate range ξ, procession cut to reduce the raster data amount that need to carry out projection, then the raster data forward coordinate transformation/projection of the corresponding scope of calculating is transformed in the α coordinate at painting canvas place;
6), after coordinate transform/projection transfer process of being undertaken by step 4 or step 5, again data coordinates conversion/projection to be rendered is converted in the coordinate system α of painting canvas, judges that whether it is crossing with painting canvas, just play up and complete render process if intersected.
Above-mentioned implementation step is characterised in that:
Step 1) in need first to determine whether to need coordinate transform/projection conversion, if need to; would adopt the step 2～step 5 in the present invention to realize.
Step 2) be to judge whether reverse coordinate transform/projection conversion is feasible, if feasible, adopts transformation by reciprocal direction to carry out coordinate conversion, if infeasible, adopts positive-going transition to carry out coordinate conversion.
Step 3) be mainly the effective range of specified data, actual needs participates in the data area of playing up.
Step 4) be for the projection of vector data and the filter process of valid data.
Step 5) be for the projection of raster data and the filter process of valid data.
Step 6) be that the data of carrying out painting canvas are played up and chart.
The present invention compared with prior art has following features: the present invention is carried out transformation by reciprocal direction or positive-going transition and obtained the spatial dimension in the coordinate/projection of source by the spatial dimension to be transformed, and the thinking of the partial data within the scope of this being carried out to coordinate/projective transformation, all operations all need only the subset of raw data to be carried out, and can in internal memory, realize completely, greatly improve the efficiency of projection.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is towards the real-time coordinate transform/projection of the spatial data of playing up conversion method schematic flow sheet
Fig. 2 is spatial data real-time coordinate transform/projection switching strategy and implementation method, wherein:
(a) illustrated painting canvas scope (b) for painting canvas is carried out to the scope after backwards projection
and corresponding boundary rectangle scope
(c) for by (b)
carry out the spatial dimension of coordinate transform/projection conversion
(d) be
boundary rectangle scope
this scope is for cutting the data for playing up
Fig. 3 is the Data subset effect schematic diagram towards vector data, wherein:
(a) illustrated painting canvas scope (b) for based on
carry out the effect of vector data filtration
Fig. 4 is the Data subset effect schematic diagram towards raster data, wherein:
(a) illustrated painting canvas scope (b) for based on
carry out the effect that raster data cuts
Fig. 5 is application patent of the present invention is carried out real-time coordinate transform/projection conversion design sketch to 5 layer data
Embodiment
Fig. 1 has illustrated main realization approach of the present invention.In the Fast rendering that carries out spatial data and drawing, many times need data to carry out coordinate transform/projection conversion, and the efficiency of carrying out in real time coordinate transform/projection conversion by visually direct determination data playing up, the efficiency of drawing etc.In the present invention, first judge that whether spatial data to be rendered is identical with the coordinate system/projection pattern of painting canvas, if different, need to adopt the coordinate transform/projection conversion method in the present invention.Main thought of the present invention is first spatial dimension to be transformed to be carried out to inverse transformation, obtains the spatial dimension in the coordinate/projection of source, then the data of boundary rectangle to this scope are carried out carrying out data after direct transform and played up.Great advantage of the present invention is that all operations all need the only part subset to raw data to carry out, and all operations all can carry out in internal memory, does not need data rule, can greatly improve the efficiency that coordinate transform/projection conversion and Back end data are played up.
As shown in Figure 1, before carrying out the playing up of spatial data, whether coordinate/projection β that need to first judge data to be rendered is consistent with coordinate/projection pattern α of painting canvas, if unanimously, do not need coordinate transform/projection conversion, the coordinate range that directly adopts painting canvas carries out to data that internal memory obtains and carries out painting canvas and play up; If inconsistent, need to carry out coordinate transform/projection conversion.First need to judge that whether α is global longitude and latitude geographic coordinate and β is partial projection coordinate system, whether this needs to carry out backwards projection by decision.So-called backwards projection, just refer to should by data from its projection be β project to painting canvas α and with canvas coordinate scope
cut, and be in fact first painting canvas to be carried out to coordinate transform/projection conversion from α to β, calculate its conversion formula, and cut and obtain the process of the Limit of J-validity ξ that finally need to play up on painting canvas with data, can reduce the data volume that need to convert and and then raise the efficiency by this process.Here why to judge, because for being (or transfer process can be made mistakes) that the global latitude and longitude coordinates of a certain scope cannot be transformed into a local coordinate system in a lot of situations, for this situation, need directly to carry out forward coordinate transformation/projection conversion, carry out the projection to α from β by four angle points of data and calculate, and cut and obtain the process of ξ with painting canvas.
By determining the actual Limit of J-validity ξ in data to be rendered, can effectively avoid the reading and writing data of other unnecessary parts in data and the computation process of coordinate transform/projection conversion, greatly improve the conversion counting yield of real-time projection.For vector data, need to carry out the filtration based on scope ξ to vector characteristic object wherein, and for raster data, it is the ranks scope of converting out corresponding data based on its spatial dimension ξ and raster data affine transformation parameter (Affine Geotransform Parameters) thereof, again this ranks scope is carried out to data filtering/cut the data volume of row projective transformation while needs to reduce; Meanwhile, if corresponding raster data has existed pyramid, can directly read its pyramid here, further improve the read-write efficiency of data.Finally data are carried out coordinate transform/projection conversion of the β to α of forward, and cut according to painting canvas scope, carry out the data render process of painting canvas.
Fig. 2 has illustrated data to carry out the space conversion effect schematic diagram that need to carry out transformation by reciprocal direction in render process.Fig. 2 (a) has illustrated painting canvas scope, and Fig. 2 (b) is for to carry out the scope after transformation by reciprocal direction by painting canvas
and corresponding boundary rectangle scope
here illustrated for the β coordinate/projection shown in 2 (b), data area
after conversion, can obtain the lower corresponding painting canvas scope of α coordinate/projection system
and the actual data of carrying out are taken out while analysing, mainly adopt the boundary rectangle of data to take out and analyse,
in fact do not need although this method may be introduced some the data of playing up, the mode by data boundary rectangle, by reaching the object of reading and writing data fast, also can obtain better efficiency comparatively speaking.2 (c) are by 2 (b)
carry out coordinate transform/projection and be converted to the lower corresponding spatial dimension of α projection system
(d) be
boundary rectangle scope
this scope is for cutting the data for playing up, i.e. Limit of J-validity ξ.Therefore, in fact, the spatial dimension of the data of playing up from the participation of extracting data can be more slightly larger than actual scope, the problem that all can effectively cover to guarantee can to meet after coordinate transform/projection conversion each angle point of painting canvas.
After having determined the Limit of J-validity ξ of data, just can apply this scope and carry out the Data subset filtration under β projection system, coordinate transform/projection is changed and has been played up.Fig. 3 has illustrated that, for the filter process of vector data, Fig. 4 has illustrated for the filter process of raster data.In Fig. 3 taking wire vector as example, according to final red area
scope, the data of rectangle intersection will be valid data therewith, i.e., although wherein also there is the unnecessary vector F eature that final painting canvas needs on not to play up (if FID in figure is 2,9 Feature) in the final data played up of participating in; The disjoint Feature of scope (if FID in figure is 1,4,10 Feature) can directly filter out therewith, neither participates in coordinate transform/projection conversion, does not also participate in playing up.The function OGRCreateCoordinateTransformation () that wherein constructing the formula of projective transformation can provide with reference to OGR realizes.
Fig. 4 illustrated for the filtration of raster data (cutting) process, determining final red area
limit of J-validity after, need to be according to the affine transformation parameter of raster data (can provide with reference to OGR GetGeoTransform () function realize), will be corresponding
scope is transformed into the ranks scope of image, outwards expands the subregion that obtains image after rounding, then the projection that this subregion carries out internal memory is changed to α projection system.Effective ranks scope for Fig. 4 signal is
The above-mentioned algorithm of application this patent is to global national boundaries vector data (the data A in Fig. 5 (a), do not need coordinate transform/projection conversion), Guangdong land use data (the data B in Fig. 5 (a), need coordinate transform/projection conversion), image control supplemental characteristic (the data C in Fig. 5 (b), do not need coordinate transform/projection conversion), whole world key cities data (the data D in Fig. 5 (b), do not need coordinate transform/projection conversion), and Dalian Area image data (the data E in Fig. 5 (b), need coordinate transform/projection conversion), in coordinate transform/projection conversion drawing course of this data set, business software ArcGIS is the 24s that reaches consuming time, and the consuming time of algorithm is herein only 1.93s, greatly improve the efficiency of the coordinate transform/projection conversion in data true-time operation process, corresponding coordinate transform/projection conversion drawing is identical with rendering effect.
Example of the present invention is realized on PC platform, the experiment proved that, coordinate transform/projection switching strategy that the present invention can be more conventional has the improvement of larger efficiency aspect, can meet the requirement that big data quantity real time data is played up.In the present invention, mentioned method can be widely used in the coordinate transform of spatial data/projection conversion and the application such as play up.
Claims (2)
1. towards the real-time coordinate transform/projection of the spatial data of a playing up conversion method, it is characterized in that comprising following step:
Step 1, coordinate system/the projection that judges painting canvas is that α is whether β is consistent with data coordinate system/projection to be rendered, if unanimously, does not need to carry out coordinate transform/projection conversion, directly turns to step 6, if inconsistent, need to carry out real-time coordinate transform/projection conversion, and turn to step 2;
Step 2, in the time that α is local coordinate system (as UTM WGS84 coordinate system) for the global latitude and longitude coordinates β of system, directly four angle points of data area are carried out to coordinate transform/projection conversion to α, then cut and obtain with painting canvas scope the data area ξ that actual needs is played up; Otherwise need to carry out reverse transformation, carry out backwards projection and cut with data area to β by four angle points of painting canvas, and then obtaining the Limit of J-validity ξ that need to play up;
Step 3, after having determined the data area ξ that need to play up, then carries out the extraction of data subset by step 4 or step 5 respectively, and carries out the render process of step 6;
Step 4, if this Spatial data types is vector data, need to be on the basis of step 2, Vector spatial data to be rendered is carried out to the filtration (judging that the vector F eature crossing with coordinate range ξ retains) of coordinate range ξ, to reduce the vector F eature number that need to carry out coordinate transform/projection conversion, then the vector F eature forward coordinate transformation/projection retaining is transformed in the α coordinate at painting canvas place;
Step 5, if this Spatial data types is raster data, need to be on the basis of step 2, raster spatial data to be rendered is carried out to the filtration (calculating the corresponding raster data ranks of this coordinate range ξ scope according to the geographical deformation parameter of this raster data) of coordinate range ξ, procession cut to reduce the raster data amount that need to carry out projection, then the raster data forward coordinate transformation/projection of the corresponding scope of calculating is transformed in the α coordinate at painting canvas place;
Step 6, is converted to data coordinates conversion/projection to be rendered in the coordinate system α of painting canvas after coordinate transform/projection transfer process of being undertaken by step 4 or step 5 again, judges that whether it is crossing with painting canvas, just plays up and complete render process if intersected.
2. according to the coordinate transform/projection conversion regime described in step 2 in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the projection that is β and painting canvas for the projection of spatial data is α, need to determine that whether adopt backwards projection to provide from projection α the conversion to projection β feasible, if the feasible conversion formula of extrapolating transformation by reciprocal direction, otherwise data are carried out to positive-going transition and cut to α with regard to formula according to positive-going transition, obtain the Limit of J-validity ξ in data to be rendered, to raise the efficiency.
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| CN106447738A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-22 | 浙江大学 | Method for quickly overlapping and displaying coastlines on remote sensing image by GDAL and SHAELIB |
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