CN104123040B - A kind of display device, the electronic equipment using it and recognition methods - Google Patents
A kind of display device, the electronic equipment using it and recognition methods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104123040B CN104123040B CN201410348551.7A CN201410348551A CN104123040B CN 104123040 B CN104123040 B CN 104123040B CN 201410348551 A CN201410348551 A CN 201410348551A CN 104123040 B CN104123040 B CN 104123040B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- screen
- sidepiece
- display device
- pressure sensor
- shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of display device, also include provided with shell and the screen for being installed in shell, and in the receiving space that shell is constituted with screen：Pressure sensor for measuring the extruding force parallel to screen orientation between screen and shell；Controller for extruding force to be converted to outer friction power suffered by screen；And pressure sensor is electrically connected with the controller.This display device between screen and shell by being provided for pressure sensor of the detection parallel to the extruding force of screen orientation, when touch control object (stylus or finger) acts on screen, pressure sensor collects pressure signal and is sent to controller, controller is after processing, the direction and size of the direction for the horizontal friction force that recognition screen is received and size or rotation torque are simultaneously exported, and are difficult to be disturbed.Include the electronic equipment of display device as described above the invention also discloses a kind of, and above-mentioned display device recognition screen friction and the recognition methods of moment of torsion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile device technology field, more particularly to a kind of display device, the electronic equipment using it and knowledge
Other method.
Background technology
With continuing to develop for mobile device technology, the Screen Technology of mobile device is also more and more diversified.Existing screen
Curtain technology can show rich and varied content, and the function of completing user's input and output is combined with other input equipments, for example
Keyboard can accurately obtain the key assignments of user's input, and touch-screen can accurately obtain coordinate of finger touch etc..
In existing mobile device, the power in normal to screen direction can be perceived, so as to realize to screen display content
Manipulation, but the power parallel to screen orientation and the twisting resistance parallel to screen orientation can not be directly perceived by screen.
When such as needing measurement horizontal applied force, by measuring acquisition indirectly.The consequential signal measured indirectly is weak, and is easily disturbed,
So as to inconvenient user's operation.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of display device, the electronic equipment using it and recognition methods, above-mentioned to solve
Problem.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, what the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention was realized in：
A kind of display device, provided with shell and the screen for being installed in the shell, also, in the shell and the screen
In the receiving space of composition, in addition to：
The pressure sensor of the extruding force between the screen and the shell is measured on parallel to the screen orientation；
And, controller；
Wherein, the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the controller, so that the controller is by the pressure sensor
The extruding force of measurement is converted to outer friction power and moment of torsion suffered by the screen.
Preferably, the screen is provided with two the first sidepieces parallel to each other and two the second sidepieces parallel to each other, and
And, the housing has first lateral margin in the outside for being located at two first sidepieces and positioned at two second sidepieces
Outside the second lateral margin；
A part in multiple pressure sensors is fixed on first sidepiece and contacted with first lateral margin,
Another part in multiple pressure sensors is fixed on second sidepiece and contacted with second lateral margin.
Preferably, the pressure sensor for being fixed on two first sidepieces is symmetrical.
Preferably, the pressure sensor for being fixed on each first sidepiece is two.
Preferably, the pressure sensor for being fixed on two second sidepieces is symmetrical.
Preferably, the pressure sensor for being fixed on each second sidepiece is two.
Preferably, the screen is liquid crystal display or touch-screen.
Preferably, display device further comprises the hard layer for being installed in the screen surface.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of electronic equipment, including display device as described above.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of recognition methods, in display device, the display device provided with shell and
The screen of the shell is installed in, and the shell in the receiving space of screen composition with being provided with the pressure being electrically connected to each other
Sensor and controller, including：
The pressure sensor measures the extruding between the screen and the shell on parallel to the screen orientation
Power, and the extruding force is reached into the controller by electric signal；
The controller receives the electric signal, and the extruding force is converted to the outer friction power suffered by the screen
Exported with after moment of torsion.
Preferably, in the recognition methods of the present embodiment, the screen is provided with two the first sidepieces parallel to each other and mutually
Two parallel the second sidepieces, also, the housing have the outside for being located at two first sidepieces the first lateral margin and
The second lateral margin positioned at the outside of two second sidepieces；
A part in multiple pressure sensors is fixed on first sidepiece and contacted with first lateral margin,
Another part in multiple pressure sensors is fixed on second sidepiece and contacted with second lateral margin；
The controller calculates extruding force suffered by each sidepiece, and using the average value of the extruding force of four sidepieces as
The size of moment of torsion；And be pointed to the extruding force of same sidepiece and compare size, if positioned at same sidepiece the extruding force along the inverse time
Pin direction diminishes successively, then exports the moment of torsion for negative value；Conversely, then export on the occasion of.
Preferably, in the recognition methods of the present embodiment, when the pressure sensor of each sidepiece is multiple, the control
Device calculates the maximum difference of extruding force suffered by the pressure sensor of each sidepiece, and with the flat of the maximum difference of four sidepieces
Average as moment of torsion size.
Preferably, in the recognition methods of the present embodiment, the controller to respectively be located at two first sidepieces and/or
The extruding masterpiece of second sidepiece is poor, and the size and Orientation of frictional force is drawn by difference.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are, by being provided for detection between the screen and shell of display device parallel to screen
The pressure sensor of the extruding force in curtain direction, when touch control object (stylus or finger) acts on screen, pressure sensor is collected
Pressure signal is simultaneously sent to controller, controller after processing, the direction for the horizontal friction force that recognition screen is received and size or
The direction of rotation torque and size, and the signal after calculating is fed back into user's progress interface operation, it is difficult to be disturbed, so as to give
The more natural manipulation experience of user.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the display device structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the display device structure schematic diagram linearly operated of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the display device structure schematic diagram operated along direction of rotation of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the recognition methods flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below by way of specific embodiment and join
See accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of display device, as shown in figure 1, provided with shell (not shown) and being installed in institute
The screen 2 of shell is stated, also, in the receiving space that the shell and the screen 2 are constituted, in addition to：It is described for measuring
The pressure sensor 3 of the extruding force parallel to the direction of screen 2 between screen 2 and the shell；For by the extruding
Power is converted to the controller of outer friction power and moment of torsion suffered by the screen 2；Also, the pressure sensor 3 and the control
Device is connected by circuit.
Wherein, screen 2 is provided with the first sidepiece 4 parallel to each other and the second sidepiece 5 parallel to each other, the pressure sensor
3 are individually fixed on first sidepiece 4 and second sidepiece 5.When specifically used, screen 2 should have enough mechanical strengths,
The frictional force produced during user's operation, such as traditional liquid crystal screen, touch-screen, and the hard layer being covered on screen 2 can be born,
Outside Global Macros layer for display device belonging to screen 2.The present embodiment is illustrated by taking conventional touch-screen as an example.
Wherein, pressure sensor 3 can measure the change of power in real time, when can delicately measure screen 2 and being acted on by frictional force
Extruding force change between shell, and the sensor device of electric signal is exported, such as silicon piezoresistance type, strain-type, piezoelectric type.
Housing have first lateral margin in the outside for being located at two the first sidepieces 4 and positioned at the outside of two second sidepieces 5 the
Two lateral margins.A part in multiple pressure sensors 3 is fixed on the first sidepiece 4 and contacted with the first lateral margin；Multiple pressure sensings
Another part in device 3 is fixed on the second sidepiece 5 and contacted with the second lateral margin, the extruding force for measuring the side of screen 2.
Wherein, controller can perform specific noise reduction algorithm and recognizer, for processing pressure signal, such as circuit or core
Piece etc..During practical application, controller is not limited to form, and such as driving, program can also be used as controller.
It is different from the existing power for being only capable of measuring normal to screen 2 direction by sensor, as shown in figure 1, the present embodiment
In, the pressure sensor 3 for being fixed on two the first sidepieces 4 is symmetrical；It is fixed on the pressure sensing of two the second sidepieces 5
Device 3 is symmetrical, i.e. the pressure sensor 3 positioned at first sidepiece 4 is with being located at another described first sidepiece
4 pressure sensor 3 aligns one by one along perpendicular to the direction of first sidepiece 4；Positioned at second sidepiece 5
The pressure sensor 3 is with the pressure sensor 3 positioned at another second sidepiece 5 along perpendicular to first sidepiece
4 direction is alignd one by one, with the accurate horizontal applied force measured parallel to the direction of screen 2.
Fig. 2 on the display device along parallel to screen orientation linear operating, Fig. 3 on the display device along parallel to
The rotation process of screen orientation.
Wherein, the pressure sensor 3 being installed on every one first sidepiece 4 or the second sidepiece 5 can be one, or
Multiple, in the present embodiment, the pressure sensor 3 being installed on each first sidepiece 4 is on two, every one second sidepiece 5
Pressure sensor 3 be two, as shown in Figure 1.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of recognition methods, as shown in figure 4, in above-mentioned display device, to measure screen
Outer friction power and moment of torsion suffered by curtain, specifically may include following steps：
Step 101：User is operated on screen；
Step 102：Extruding force between screen and shell of the pressure sensor measurement on the direction parallel to screen, and
The extruding force is reached into the controller by electric signal；
Step 103：Controller receives the electric signal, and the outside that the extruding force is converted to suffered by the screen is rubbed
Wipe power and moment of torsion.
Wherein, in step 103, the controller calculates extruding force suffered by each sidepiece, and with described in four sidepieces
The average value of extruding force as moment of torsion size.When the pressure sensor of each sidepiece is multiple, the controller calculates every
The maximum difference of extruding force suffered by the pressure sensor of individual sidepiece, and using the average value of the maximum difference of four sidepieces as
The size of moment of torsion, i.e., when each sidepiece is provided with multiple pressure sensors, the extruding force of multiple pressure sensors is taken two-by-two
Difference, and take its maximum.
The controller is simultaneously pointed to the extruding force of same sidepiece and compares size, if positioned at the extruding force of same sidepiece
Diminish successively in the counterclockwise direction, then output torque is negative value；Conversely, then export on the occasion of.
Referring to Fig. 3, for ease of description, direction up and down defined in Fig. 3.
When finger is rotated clockwise：
For the first sidepiece 4 of top, if the pressure sensor 3 that the signal of pressure sensor 3 on the left side is more than the right side is believed
Number；
Simultaneously for the first following sidepiece 4, the signal of pressure sensor 3 on the right side is believed more than the pressure sensor 3 on the left side
Number；
Simultaneously for second sidepiece 5 on the left side, the signal of pressure sensor 3 below is believed more than pressure sensor 3 above
Number；
Simultaneously for second sidepiece 5 on the right, the signal of pressure sensor 3 above is believed more than following pressure sensor 3
Number；
When meeting these conditions, it is possible to determine that be clockwise torque.
Specifically, during calculated torque, two sensors 3 of top, the left side subtract the right side for difference 1；The two of the right
Individual sensor 3, subtracting above is following for difference 2；Two following sensors 3, the right side subtract the left side for difference 3；
Two sensors 3 on the left side, below subtract above for difference 4.
If difference 1, difference 2, difference 3, difference 4 are on the occasion of the average value of four differences of output represents dextrorotation
Torque, the size of value represents torque.
If difference 1, difference 2, difference 3, difference 4 are negative value, the average value of four differences is exported, rotation counterclockwise is represented
Torque, the size of value represents torque.
And for frictional force, controller is to respectively positioned at the extruding masterpiece of two sidepieces 5 of the first sidepiece 4 or second
Difference, that is, the extruding masterpiece for acting on left and right directions and/or above-below direction is poor, and size and the side of frictional force are then drawn by difference
To.
Referring to Fig. 2, wherein, for the ease of description, direction up and down defined in Fig. 2.When finger rubs on the screen 2
When, the suffered extruding force direction of pressure sensor 3 on the first sidepiece 4 is consistent, the pressure sensor on the second sidepiece 5
The direction of extruding force suffered by 3 is consistent.It is respectively that the extruding masterpiece on the first sidepiece 4 and/or the second sidepiece 5 is poor, such as it is located at
The extruding force of second sidepiece 5 on right side subtracts the extruding force of the second sidepiece 5 positioned at left side, if on the occasion of then frictional force side
To towards the right side；Similarly, it can obtain the frictional force size and Orientation on the first sidepiece 4.
Step 104：Outer friction power and the data of moment of torsion obtained by calculating is supplied to outside by controller, such as to application
Program carries out user feedback.
In summary, display device of the invention on the first sidepiece 4 and the second sidepiece 5 of touch-screen by setting pressure
Sensor 3, when touch control object 1 (stylus or finger) acts on screen, pressure sensor 3 collects pressure signal and is sent to control
Device processed, controller is after processing, the direction of the direction for the horizontal friction force that recognition screen 2 is received and size or rotation torque and big
It is small, and the signal after identification is fed back into user's progress interface operation, it is difficult to be disturbed, so that the manipulation body more natural to user
Test.
In addition, the display device of the present embodiment has further the advantage that：
(1) this display device can realize direction controlling with more natural, apply frictional force more directly perceived than click directionkeys
With it is quick.
(2) simplifying interface is designed, and application program no longer needs to design multiple directions button, or direction controlling region, section
Save on-screen display (osd) area.
(3) it is supplied to user more to operate selection, frictional force and turn-knob power can be used, keyboard is no longer limited only to
Input or the click and slip of touch-screen.
(4) continuous input is more convenient, and finger, which need not frame out, can send many subcommands.
(5) one-handed performance is more convenient, and whole screen can perceived friction power and twisting resistance, contact screen optional position
Input, one-handed performance is than clicking on button and sliding more convenient.
For example in practice, the application scenario of the display device of the present embodiment may include：
(1) in Role Playing Game, player generally requires moves control to role in game.By this display
Equipment can naturally enough accomplish this point.User pins screen, applies certain frictional force, screen week along destination direction
The pressure sensor enclosed receives the pressure signal of extruding force generation and sends controller to, and controller is according to each pressure sensing
The numerical computations of device go out direction and the size of whole screen friction, and the data calculated are supplied into games.
Games change the moving direction and speed of role according to the direction of frictional force and size.
(2) in picture, video, document playing program or other guide display program, user is frequently necessary to display content
Switch to vertical setting of types by horizontally-arranged.User pins screen and along clockwise direction turn finger, and the pressure sensor of screen periphery is received
The pressure signal that is produced by revolving force simultaneously sends controller to.Controller goes out moment of torsion according to the numerical computations of each pressure sensor
Direction and size, and the data calculated are supplied to album program.Album program is controlled according to the direction of moment of torsion and size
Display content rotates, and switchs to vertical setting of types by horizontally-arranged.
(3) in regular job, user is frequently necessary to carry out equipment micro adjustment, and such as volume increase reduces, brightness
Change diminishes greatly, firing direction, gauge pointer etc., and traditional screen is needed by directionkeys or sliding shoe operation, and the present invention can
More easily to realize, user need to only pin screen and apply frictional force or twisting resistance along the direction specified.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of electronic equipment, including display device as described above.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
God is with principle, and any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc. should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of display device, provided with shell and the screen for being installed in the shell, it is characterised in that also, in the shell
In the receiving space constituted with the screen, in addition to：
The pressure sensor of the extruding force between the screen and the shell is measured on parallel to the screen orientation；
And, controller；
Wherein, the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the controller, so that the controller measures the pressure sensor
The extruding force be converted to outer friction power and moment of torsion suffered by the screen；
Wherein, the screen is provided with two the first sidepieces parallel to each other and two the second sidepieces parallel to each other, also, described
Shell has first lateral margin in the outside for being located at two first sidepieces and positioned at the outside of two second sidepieces
Second lateral margin；
A part in multiple pressure sensors is fixed on first sidepiece and contacted with first lateral margin, multiple
Another part in the pressure sensor is fixed on second sidepiece and contacted with second lateral margin.
2. display device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be fixed on the pressure of two first sidepieces
Sensor is symmetrical.
3. display device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that be fixed on the pressure of each first sidepiece
Sensor is two.
4. display device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be fixed on the pressure of two second sidepieces
Sensor is symmetrical.
5. display device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that be fixed on the pressure of each second sidepiece
Sensor is two.
6. display device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the screen is liquid crystal display or touch-screen.
7. display device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that further comprise being installed in the hard of the screen surface
Matter layer.
8. a kind of electronic equipment, it is characterised in that including display device according to any one of claim 1 to 7.
9. a kind of recognition methods, in display device, the display device is provided with shell and is installed in the screen of the shell,
And the shell in the receiving space of screen composition with being provided with the pressure sensor and controller that are electrically connected to each other, its feature
It is, including：
The pressure sensor measures the extruding force between the screen and the shell on parallel to the screen orientation, and
The extruding force is reached into the controller by electric signal；
The controller receives the electric signal, and the extruding force is converted to outer friction power and torsion suffered by the screen
Exported after square；
Wherein, the screen is provided with two the first sidepieces parallel to each other and two the second sidepieces parallel to each other, also, described
Shell has first lateral margin in the outside for being located at two first sidepieces and positioned at the outside of two second sidepieces
Second lateral margin；
A part in multiple pressure sensors is fixed on first sidepiece and contacted with first lateral margin, multiple
Another part in the pressure sensor is fixed on second sidepiece and contacted with second lateral margin；
The controller calculates extruding force suffered by each sidepiece, and is used as moment of torsion using the average value of the extruding force of four sidepieces
Size；And be pointed to the extruding force of same sidepiece and compare size, if positioned at same sidepiece the extruding force along side counterclockwise
To diminishing successively, then the moment of torsion is exported for negative value；Conversely, then export on the occasion of.
10. recognition methods according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the pressure sensor of each sidepiece is multiple
When, the controller calculates the maximum difference of extruding force suffered by the pressure sensor of each sidepiece, and with four sidepieces
The average value of the maximum difference as moment of torsion size.
11. recognition methods according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the controller to being located at two described the respectively
The extruding masterpiece of one sidepiece and/or the second sidepiece is poor, and the size and Orientation of frictional force is drawn by difference.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410348551.7A CN104123040B (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2014-07-21 | A kind of display device, the electronic equipment using it and recognition methods |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320649067 | 2013-10-21 | ||
| CN201320649067.9 | 2013-10-21 | ||
| CN2013206490679 | 2013-10-21 | ||
| CN201410348551.7A CN104123040B (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2014-07-21 | A kind of display device, the electronic equipment using it and recognition methods |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104123040A CN104123040A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| CN104123040B true CN104123040B (en) | 2017-07-28 |
Family
ID=51768472
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410348551.7A Active CN104123040B (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2014-07-21 | A kind of display device, the electronic equipment using it and recognition methods |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104123040B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107643855A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-01-30 | 珠海市魅族科技有限公司 | Screen assembly and terminal |
| CN109696201B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2022-01-18 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Terminal state determination method and terminal |
| EP3958786A1 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2022-03-02 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Apparatus and method for differentiating pressure |
| CN112306298B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-31 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Display, electronic equipment and information processing method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102160021A (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2011-08-17 | 日本电气株式会社 | Input unit, method for controlling same, and electronic device provided with input unit |
| CN102819330A (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-12 | 索尼爱立信移动通讯有限公司 | Electronic device, pressure detection method and pressure detection device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011516948A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2011-05-26 | オ，イ−ジン | Data input device |
-
2014
- 2014-07-21 CN CN201410348551.7A patent/CN104123040B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102160021A (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2011-08-17 | 日本电气株式会社 | Input unit, method for controlling same, and electronic device provided with input unit |
| CN102819330A (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-12 | 索尼爱立信移动通讯有限公司 | Electronic device, pressure detection method and pressure detection device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104123040A (en) | 2014-10-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8289290B2 (en) | Touch sensing apparatus for a mobile device, mobile device and method for touch operation sensing | |
| US10185397B2 (en) | Gap sensor for haptic feedback assembly | |
| KR101793769B1 (en) | System and method for determining object information using an estimated deflection response | |
| US9886116B2 (en) | Gesture and touch input detection through force sensing | |
| CN104123040B (en) | A kind of display device, the electronic equipment using it and recognition methods | |
| US9195351B1 (en) | Capacitive stylus | |
| EP2977886B1 (en) | Capacitive sensor for grip sensing and finger tracking | |
| EP2546730A2 (en) | Combined force and proximity sensing | |
| TW201104525A (en) | Determinative method and device of touch point movement | |
| KR20140060818A (en) | Remote controller and display apparatus, control method thereof | |
| US20170269785A1 (en) | Detecting backside force in a touch-screen device | |
| TWI766940B (en) | Applying a signal to a touch sensor | |
| US20150378496A1 (en) | Capacitive input sensing in the presence of a uniform conductor | |
| US20150286313A1 (en) | Large feature biometrics using capacitive touchscreens | |
| WO2015154570A1 (en) | Touchscreen sensing method and device | |
| US20210089133A1 (en) | Gesture detection system | |
| CN111796666A (en) | Gesture recognition on bezel using strain gauges | |
| CN105867816A (en) | Method for adjusting page and terminal | |
| JP2016038317A (en) | Touch sense evaluation measurement device | |
| TWI480792B (en) | Operating method of electronic apparatus | |
| WO2016106148A1 (en) | Method and system for dual node sensing | |
| KR100985477B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring length using accelerometer | |
| CN208653387U (en) | Flatness reads displayable detection ruler | |
| CN105843545A (en) | Screenshot function use method and terminal | |
| KR101177650B1 (en) | Method for controlling touch screen in portable device, and portable device of the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |