CN104113082B - A kind of modularity full direct current photovoltaic system and control method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of modularity full direct current photovoltaic system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104113082B CN104113082B CN201410341498.8A CN201410341498A CN104113082B CN 104113082 B CN104113082 B CN 104113082B CN 201410341498 A CN201410341498 A CN 201410341498A CN 104113082 B CN104113082 B CN 104113082B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of modularity full direct current photovoltaic system and control method thereof, this system includes n DC DC converter module and a MMC centralized inverter, each DC DC converter module described connects has independent control loop and maximal power tracing to control function, it is ensured that the photovoltaic cell group that each DC DC changer is connected is operated in output peak.The present invention builds dc bus by the series connection of multiple DC DC converter module outfans, realizes powerful function of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems by centralized MMC inverter.Dc bus in the present invention can effectively reduce the running wastage of whole system, improves operational efficiency from system structure aspect.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to solar energy power generating research field, particularly to a kind of full direct current of modularity
Photovoltaic system and control method thereof.
[background technology]
Along with the increase day by day of photovoltaic generation scale, photovoltaic production capacity is no longer limited to as the supplementary energy,
And the direction being towards fungible energy source strides forward, the research about large-scale photovoltaic generating also result in
Pay close attention to widely.
The concept of existing photovoltaic generation, the structure of photovoltaic DC field, generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems device and corresponding
Running technology reply be gradually increased scale renewable new forms of energy aspect increasingly power of dissolving not from
The heart.At present the structure of the photovoltaic DC field of main flow is as it is shown in figure 1, the solar panels side by series and parallel
Formula is according to required output DC voltage and the different photovoltaic array of rated power grade composition
(100kW-500kW), multiple arrays are connected to photovoltaic grid-connected inversion at outfan by header box
The DC side of device, combining inverter passes through maximal power tracing algorithm (Maximum at input
Power Point Tracking, MPPT) make photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output, at inverter
Energy is exported to electrical network energy feeding, inverter with current source form by outlet side by Synchronization Control
With the form of the current source of line voltage same frequency by feeding electric energy to low-voltage alternating-current electrical network
(220-380V), then by Industrial Frequency Transformer high pressure (supertension) AC network is boosted to step by step.
Realize the long distance delivery of the energy.
This centralized photovoltaic generation, transmission operation pattern have technology maturation, with low cost etc. excellent
Gesture, however as being continuously increased of generation of electricity by new energy capacity, transmission of electricity, being showing improvement or progress day by day of distribution technique,
There is the problems such as low-voltage circuit length, line loss is big in the program, and along with photovoltaic generation scale
Constantly increasing, this problem can highlight further.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention has in mind from the angle of whole photovoltaic generation field system structure, proposes a kind of modularity complete
Direct current light photovoltaic generating system and control method thereof, be particularly suited for large-scale photovoltaic power generation applications.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of modularity full direct current photovoltaic system, including photovoltaic cell group, n DC-DC converter
Module, and modularity cascaded multilevel inverter, each photovoltaic cell described is a photovoltaic
Array, the input of each photovoltaic array and a DC-DC convertor module is connected, described
The outfan of DC-DC converter is sequentially connected in series, the plurality of DC-DC converter outfan series connection structure
Building dc bus, described modularity cascaded multilevel inverter DC side is dc bus, by opening
Close and control energy to be form of communication from DC form inversion.
No signal line interconnection between n described DC-DC convertor module, n DC-DC becomes
No signal line interconnection between parallel operation module and modularity cascaded multilevel inverter.
So the output port current value of each DC-DC convertor module is identical, its port
The proportionate relationship of magnitude of voltage is equal to the ratio of the performance number flowing through each DC-DC convertor module.
The output voltage values of described DC-DC convertor module depends on bus voltage value and port
The ratio of magnitude of voltage.
Each described DC-DC converter connects has respective control loop, to control photovoltaic
The input of array, it is ensured that DC-DC input is operated in the maximum power point that photovoltaic array is current.
A kind of control method based on described a kind of modularity full direct current photovoltaic system, described module
Changing cascaded multilevel inverter square asks power frequency period to put down the Setting signal Vref of dc bus
All, then with the actual voltage signal of dc bus square power frequency period meansigma methods to make after the recovery anti-
Divided by the D axle feed-forward signal of voltage on line side after PI regulates, finally as net side after alignment amplitude limit
Electric current D axle Setting signal Idref, with control module cascaded multilevel inverter active power of output.
Described current on line side D axle Setting signal and modularity cascaded multilevel inverter reactive power
Current on line side Q axle Setting signal is respectively at the feedback signal after the recovery of current on line side D axle and Q axle
Through PI regulation generation module cascaded multilevel inverter output voltage D axle and Q axle Setting signal,
After Coordinate Conversion amplitude limit, modularity cascaded multilevel inverter three-phase control signal is obtained after.
After described DC-DC converter detects output voltage and the output electric current of photovoltaic array, warp
The voltage at maximum power point is obtained after the MPPT computing unit regulation of DC-DC converter self
Signal value, passes through closed loop control, it is ensured that it is current that DC-DC input is operated in photovoltaic array
High-power point.
Compared with prior art, the method have the advantages that
1) whole photovoltaic power plant builds high voltage-small current system by the series connection of multiple DC-DC convertor module
Structure, instead of traditional low-voltage, high-current parallel, can effectively reduce circuit and damage
Consumption, improves overall system efficiency.
2) each DC-DC converter device bear 1/n DC bus-bar voltage (n for series connection DC-DC
Number of modules), it is possible to realize high-power output with low pressure device, pass through high frequency
The method changed reduces the cost of DC-DC apparatus module, improves power density；Additionally, should
Modularity DC-DC converter normally works in unity voltage gain operating point, and conversion efficiency is high.
3) in the case of System Expansion, volume reduction, new photovoltaic array or energy storage device only need one-level
DC-DC conversion circuit, can realize generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems and energy management.Compared with traditional structure,
Eliminate inversion link, contribute to efficiency optimization；Dc bus access way is without following the trail of simultaneously
The phase place of line voltage, therefore controls also to be simplified.
4) whole system either MMC part or DC-DC part, all use the structure of high modularization.
This structure is easy to System Expansion, is conducive to shortening engineering design and process-cycle, reduces cost.
Modular power cell uses power switch and the passive device of identical capacity, has the strongest
Substitutability, it is simple to system maintenance and Redundancy Design.
5) program carries out maximal power tracing based on DC-DC convertor module to photovoltaic array, has very
Good distributed maximal power tracing effect, blocks for cloud, peripheral obstacle shade causes
Photovoltaic system mismatch problems there is more preferable adaptability.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of conventional photovoltaic electricity generation system.Multiple photovoltaic arrays pass through header box
And receive the DC side of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, by DC-to-AC converter, direct current energy is converted to alternating current
Energy.Multiple inverter ac outfans are incorporated to low-voltage alternating-current bus by transformator, then pass through great Rong
The transformer boost of amount is to middle high-pressure ac bus.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of modularity of the present invention full direct current photovoltaic system.
Fig. 3 is the maximum power control method structure chart of single DC-DC convertor module.
Fig. 4 is the outer voltage control structure figure of MMC inverter.
Fig. 5 is the current inner loop control structure figure of MMC inverter.
Fig. 6 is the circuit structure diagram that the present invention implements.
[detailed description of the invention]
The modularity full direct current light photovoltaic generating system of the present invention includes n photovoltaic array, n
Individual DC-DC convertor module, n is the natural number more than 1, the most each DC-DC module defeated
Entering end to be connected with a photovoltaic array respectively, n DC-DC converter outfan is by the side connected
Formula builds dc bus, and dc bus realizes grid-connected by a MMC combining inverter device again
Electricity.
Without control signal interconnection line between n described DC-DC convertor module, described n
Also no signal interconnection line between DC-DC convertor module and MMC inverter.
Referring to shown in Fig. 3, in the present invention, single DC-DC convertor module connects respective control
Loop processed, this control loop includes maximal power tracing unit.DC-DC convertor module defeated
Enter output voltage Vpv and the output of end (being i.e. connected end with photovoltaic array) detection photovoltaic array in real time
Electric current Ipv, obtains maximum after the MPPT computing unit of DC-DC convertor module self regulates
Voltage signal command value V at power pointsref, with this voltage signal command value VrefAdjust photovoltaic panel
Running voltage, it is ensured that DC-DC convertor module input is operated in the maximum work that photovoltaic array is current
At rate point.
The outlet side header box of each photovoltaic array cascades a DC-DC convertor module for real
The maximal power tracing of existing photovoltaic array.The outlet side of DC-DC converter is by the cascade side of series connection
Formula builds middle high-pressure dc bus, it is contemplated that insulate and pressure, structure by the way of neutral earthing
Make the DC bus structure of Symmetrical.Eventually through a centralized MMC inverter device
DC energy is fed to middle high-pressure ac bus.
Refer to shown in Fig. 4, the MMC inverter given letter to DC bus-bar voltage in the present invention
Number Vref square asks power frequency period average, then with actual voltage signal V of dc busdc's
Square power frequency period meansigma methods poor, obtain error signal, this error signal anti-phase through PI regulate
Divided by the D axle feed-forward signal of voltage on line side after device, and its amplitude limit is given as current on line side D axle
Signal Idref, to control MMC active power of output；The D axle feed-forward signal of described voltage on line side refers to
To net side three-phase alternating voltage signal VgabcIt is transformed to V through abc/dqgdThe D axis signal of rear extraction,
The current on line side D axle Setting signal I that the outer voltage of this i.e. MMC inverter of D axis signal generatesdref。
Refer to shown in Fig. 5, the current on line side D that the outer voltage of described MMC inverter generates
Axle Setting signal IdrefDo with current on line side D axle feedback signal and differ from then after pi regulator, generate
MMC output voltage D axle Setting signal Vdref, control the current on line side Q of MMC reactive power simultaneously
Axle Setting signal IqrefDo difference with current on line side Q axle feedback signal then to generate after pi regulator
MMC output voltage Q axle Setting signal Vqref, the MMC output voltage D axle Setting signal V of generationdref
With MMC output voltage Q axle Setting signal VqrefTogether after dq/abc coordinate transform, pass through amplitude limit
Device generates MMC three-phase control signal respectively, with Controling network side three-phase alternating current.
Three-phase control signal is made by the present invention as lower brachium pontis uniform modulation signal, its inversion signal
For upper brachium pontis uniform modulation signal.
Described MMC includes three series circuits, and each series circuit is connected by multiple submodules
Forming, 31 series circuits are connected with the three-phase of alternating current respectively.The present invention is by described submodule
It is poor, after proportional controller, with phase with each submodule value of feedback that capacitance voltage unifies set-point
Brachium pontis belonging to the submodule answered flows through the sign function of current signal and is multiplied, as this submodule electric capacity
Electric voltage equalization modulated signal；In the present invention, every phase upper and lower bridge arm is respectively arranged with N number of submodule, is carried by triangle
Ripple signal upper and lower bridge arm interlocks the phase shift 2 pi/2 N carrier signal as this phase submodule successively；By certain
The uniform modulation signal of brachium pontis belonging to submodule is added with this submodule capacitor voltage equalized modulation signal
After, it is modulated with this submodule carrier signal, generates the driving signal of this submodule.
The operation principle of DC-DC convertor module of the present invention:
The input (being i.e. connected end with photovoltaic array) of DC-DC convertor module detects photovoltaic in real time
The output voltage Vpv of array and output electric current Ipv, through the MPPT of DC-DC convertor module self
Obtain the voltage signal values at maximum power point after computing unit regulation, pass through closed loop control, it is ensured that
DC-DC convertor module input is operated at the maximum power point that photovoltaic array is current.
The output end voltage value of DC-DC convertor module according to DC bus-bar voltage at each DC-DC
The port dividing potential drop of converter module determines.Because DC-DC convertor module outfan is for being connected in series,
So the electric current of multiple DC-DC module outfans is identical.All DC-DC convertor module are defeated
The summation of the magnitude of voltage going out port is d-c bus voltage value, and multiple DC-DC convertor module export
Ratio between magnitude of voltage is equal to the ratio of the maximum power value of the photovoltaic array being each connected with it.
The operation principle of MMC inverter unit
DC bus-bar voltage is controlled by the voltage close loop of MMC inverter, and the control of MMC inverter divides
Voltage close loop for dc bus controls and closed-loop current control two parts of output grid-connected current.
DC bus-bar voltage command signal Vref and DC bus-bar voltage feedback signal Vbus detected in real time
After carrying out voltage-regulation, the output to voltage regulator carries out amplitude limit control, it is achieved fill inverter
Put the control of output.
Claims (5)
1. a modularity full direct current photovoltaic system, it is characterised in that: include photovoltaic cell group,
Multiple DC-DC convertor module, and modularity cascaded multilevel inverter, each light
Volt battery is a photovoltaic array, each photovoltaic array and a DC-DC convertor module
Input be connected, the outfan of described DC-DC convertor module is sequentially connected in series, the plurality of
The series connection of DC-DC convertor module outfan builds dc bus, described modularity cascade connection multi-level
Inverter direct-flow side is dc bus, by on-off control by energy from DC form inversion for hand over
Streamed；Each described DC-DC convertor module connects respective control loop,
To control the input of photovoltaic array, it is ensured that DC-DC convertor module input is operated in photovoltaic
The maximum power point that array is current；The control method of this modularity full direct current photovoltaic system includes:
Described modularity cascaded multilevel inverter square is asked the Setting signal Vref's of dc bus
Power frequency period is average, then with the actual voltage signal of dc bus square power frequency period put down
Average make after the recovery anti-phase after PI regulates divided by the D axle feed-forward signal of voltage on line side, the most right
As current on line side D axle Setting signal I after neat amplitude limitdref, with control module cascade connection multi-level
Inverter active power of output.
A kind of modularity full direct current photovoltaic system the most according to claim 1, its feature
It is: the interconnection of no signal line, multiple DC-DC between described multiple DC-DC convertor module
No signal line interconnection between converter module and modularity cascaded multilevel inverter.
A kind of modularity full direct current photovoltaic system the most according to claim 1, its feature
It is: the output port current value of each DC-DC convertor module described is identical, its
The proportionate relationship of port voltage value is equal to the performance number flowing through each DC-DC convertor module
Ratio.
A kind of modularity full direct current photovoltaic system the most according to claim 1, its feature
It is: described current on line side D axle Setting signal and modularity cascaded multilevel inverter are idle
The current on line side Q axle Setting signal of power is respectively at current on line side D axle and the feedback letter of Q axle
Number make after the recovery through PI regulation generation module cascaded multilevel inverter output voltage D axle and Q
Axle Setting signal, after after Coordinate Conversion amplitude limit, obtain modularity cascaded multilevel inverter
Three-phase control signal.
5. according to a kind of modularity full direct current photovoltaic system described in claim 1 or 4, its
It is characterised by: described DC-DC convertor module detects the output voltage of photovoltaic array and defeated
After going out electric current, obtain after the MPPT computing unit of DC-DC convertor module self regulates
Voltage signal values at maximum power point, passes through closed loop control, it is ensured that DC-DC converter mould
Block input is operated in the maximum power point that photovoltaic array is current.
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| US10411477B2 (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2019-09-10 | Pika Energy, Inc. | Distributed substring architecture for maximum power point tracking of energy sources |
| CN103368200A (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2013-10-23 | 南车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | Single-ended VSC-HVDC photovoltaic power generation system |
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