CN104110242A - Method for increasing extraction rate of later exploitation stage of heterogeneous reservoir - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing extraction rate of a later exploitation stage of heterogeneous reservoir. By a design method for increasing heterogeneous reservoir extraction rate, in the later exploitation stage of the heterogeneous reservoir, time and space limits of an original series of strata (unit) are broken through according to 'clustering analysis' and similarity principle, and on the basis of a prominent single-layer exploitation concept, current development units (series of strata) are further subdivided and recombined longitudinally and horizontally according to single-oil sand (flow units) analysis and classification results, and the flow units with similar geological and exploitation characteristics are recombined together to form a plurality of exploitation units of different types, so that integral classification and development of the original series of strata (unit) are realized, and inter-strata interference is reduced. The purpose of increasing extraction rate to the greatest extent by adopting different development strategies is achieved. By means of the design method and the technique method for increasing the extraction rate, less inter-strata interference or no interference is caused, and extraction rate of oil fields is more effectively increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that improves heterogeneous reservoir development late stage recovery ratio, belong to technical field of petroleum extraction.
Background technology
According to domestic and international oil field development practical experience, any one newfound oil reservoir well segment length, the heterogeneous body oil field that the number of plies is many, thickness is large, because oil reservoir is many, thickness is large, reservoir heterogeneity is strong and the reason such as serious interlayer interference, often all oil field can be divided into some cover straticulate explorations (unit) according to certain principle.Oil reservoir close by oil-layer characteristic, that the superimposed degree of plane is higher is combined in same straticulate exploration; One independently straticulate exploration major oil reservoir be generally 2-3, should there is certain thickness and reserves scale, to ensure to reach good economic benefit and economic indicator; Between each straticulate exploration, must there is good interlayer, requirement simultaneously, in the scope that can solve in separate zone production technique, it is meticulous that straticulate exploration should not be divided, and in order to reducing drilling well and surface construction workload, increases economic efficiency.But, principle and the method for dividing from oil field development series of strata, mostly enter at present the oil field development unit of development late stage both at home and abroad, on straticulate exploration is divided and in existing development technique, although also considered oil-layer characteristic close, the oil reservoir that the superimposed degree of plane is higher is combined in same straticulate exploration, the restriction range of this but " oil-layer characteristic is close " is still very large, exist following technical problem: by area, thickness, the main layer that physical property etc. are not of uniform size and non-main layer are divided in a set of development block, not separately exploitation, to such an extent as to large (being greater than 3) of interlayer permeability grade, serious interlayer interference, the moisture height in main layer body region, energy is high, recovery percent of reserves is high, and high moisture closing well is many at present, causes dynamic well pattern imperfection, poor to remaining reserves control degree, and main layer edge and non-main layer physical property are poor, due to well pattern imperfection, serious interlayer interference, flood effectiveness is poor, cause moisture low, energy is low, recovery percent of reserves is low.All these, trace it to its cause is to be mainly subject to Reservoir Description technology, the restriction of the conditions such as technology and at that time crude oil price, the principle that oil field development series of strata are divided is " slightly ", do not realize or outstanding " individual layer exploitation, one deck one plan, Ceng Nei mono-district's one plan " fine development theory, make physical property, area, thickness, superimposed degree, oil-water interfaces, the differences such as exploitation situation or main layer and non-main layer not of uniform size are still divided in same set of development block, cause the individual well production number of plies many, thickness is large, serious interlayer interference, Development Response of Oilfield is poor, be difficult to further (or larger) and improve latter period of oilfield development recovery ratio.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method that improves heterogeneous reservoir development late stage recovery ratio, mostly enter at present the oil field development unit of development late stage both at home and abroad to solve, due to main layer and the non-main layers not of uniform size such as area, thickness, physical property are divided in to a set of development block, separately exploitation, to such an extent as to interlayer permeability grade is large, serious interlayer interference and the low problem of recovery percent of reserves.
The present invention provides a kind of method that improves heterogeneous reservoir development late stage recovery ratio for solving the problems of the technologies described above, and the step of the method is as follows:
1). according to the Static State Index of oil sand body and dynamic indicator, oil sand body is evaluated one by one;
2). according to the sound state evaluation result of each oil sand body, adopt principle of similarity from three-dimensional Reconstruction development block;
3) if. judge individual layer recovery percent of reserves low, potentiality of remaining oil is large, possesses individual layer exploitation condition, it is formed separately to a set of development block exploitation;
4). to not forming the layer of individual layer exploitation, by identical potentiality type or close, the good reservoir of superimposed situation is reconstructed into a set of development block;
5). the development block after reconstruct is classified, according to reconfiguration unit Te Tezheng separately, take to improve the Corresponding Countermeasures of recovery ratio.
In described step 1), the Static State Index of oil sand body comprises area, reserves, thickness, breadth coefficient, degree of porosity, permeability, non-homogeneity and fluid properties, and dynamic indicator comprises recovery percent of reserves, comprehensive water cut, remaining oil is big or small adopts corresponding situation with distribution characteristics, injection extraction situation, energy state, well pattern control status and note.
Described step 2) principle of reconstruct development block comprises:
A. dissimilar oil sand body potentiality layer should separately be exploited, to reduce interlayer interference;
B. the development block number of plies of reconstruct is 3～5 layers, and effective thickness is in 10 meters, and interlayer permeability grade is in 3.
C. to superimposed poor charlotte shape potentiality layer to take into account as main, cannot superimposedly there is the independent exploitation of certain production capacity.
In described step 5), the development block of reconstruct comprises main layer body region, main layer fringe area, the non-main layer of area-type, the non-main layer of ribbon and the non-main layer of potato shape.
Being characterized as of five types of described reconfiguration units:
Main layer body region, feature is the good (permeability>=0.200 μ m of physical property
2), thickness large (thickness in monolayer>=4m), well pattern perfect (can form more regular Five-point method pattern), moisture height (>=95%), recovery percent of reserves high (>=30%), remaining oil saturation low (≤20%) and high degree of dispersion;
Main layer fringe area, feature is the medium deviation of physical property (permeability 0.100～0.200 μ m
2), thinner thickness (thickness in monolayer 2～4m), well spacing large (injector producer distance>=300m), moisture low (moisture < 80%), recovery percent of reserves medium (20～30%), remaining oil saturation high (>=30%) enrichment relatively;
The non-main layer of area-type, feature is the medium deviation of physical property (permeability 0.100～0.200 μ m
2), well pattern imperfection (can not form more regular flooding pattern), moisture lower (moisture < 90%), recovery percent of reserves lower (< 30%);
The non-main layer of ribbon, feature is oil-containing width narrow (< 400m), well pattern imperfection (mostly be and adopted without note), limit Shuitu is entered seriously, recovery percent of reserves low (< 20%);
The non-main layer of potato shape, feature is little (the < 0.1km of area
2), thickness in monolayer thin (< 1m), can not form injection-production relation (mostly being individual well point or two well points controls), employs difference or does not employ (recovery percent of reserves < 10%).
The measure of the described raising recovery ratio of taking for five types of reconfiguration units is respectively:
Well pattern adjustment is taked in main layer body region, fluid diversion and the measure that improves displacement multiple;
Main layer fringe area adopts infilled well pattern, the water injection pressure of adaptation and water quality and the measure that improves water drive development degree;
The non-main layer of area-type adopts and improves well pattern, the measure of the water injection pressure of adaptation and water quality and raising water drive development degree;
The non-main layer of ribbon makes full use of Edge water energy, adopts horizontal well to realize the measure of individual layer exploitation;
The measure that the non-main layer of potato shape adopts water filling to handle up.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is by carrying out further segmentation and restructuring to current development block from longitudinal and plane, together with the geology flow unit close with Development characteristics is recombined into, form the dissimilar development block of many covers, realize former a set of series of strata Integral Differential alienation classification development, thereby take different countermeasures of development to reach the object that improves to greatest extent recovery ratio.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that in the embodiment of the present invention one, development block flat distribution map is overlapped in certain oil field VII 4-18 series of strata reconstruct 4;
Fig. 2 is that in the embodiment of the present invention one, the longitudinal superimposed figure of development block is overlapped in certain oil field VII 4-18 series of strata reconstruct 4;
Fig. 3 is certain oil field VIII IX oil group development well bitmap in the embodiment of the present invention two;
Fig. 4 is that in the embodiment of the present invention two, ⅧⅨYou Zu updip district is reconstructed into 9 cover development block flat distribution maps;
Fig. 5 is that in the embodiment of the present invention two, ⅧⅨYou Zu updip district is reconstructed into 9 cover development block oil reservoir generalized sections.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described.
Latter period of oilfield development, the object of exploitation is fine to individual layer, for this reason on the basis of reconstruct geological model comprehensive study, in-depth flow unit geologic development the characteristic study, according to " cluster analysis " and similarity principle, according to cluster analysis and similarity principle, break the space-time boundary of a set of chromatography, develop on basis over the years at outstanding individual layer, according to single oil sand body analysis and classification results, be distributed as center with residue, current development block is carried out to further segmentation and restructuring from longitudinal and plane, flow unit close geologic development feature is recombine in to instrument, form the dissimilar development block of many covers, thereby realize a set of series of strata Integral Differential alienation classification development, to take different countermeasures of development to reach the object that improves to greatest extent recovery ratio, this differentiation classification development technology that is fine to individual layer, be referred to as reconstruct development block technology.
Longitudinally, according to segmentation reconstruct policy demarcation line result, in conjunction with oil sand body at spatial, superimposed situation, physical property, producing status and potential distribution, similar oil reservoir close to reservoir properties, producing status and potentiality situation is carried out to three dimensions well pattern segmentation reconstruct, divide and adopt to realize the dispensing of high permeability formation and less permeable layer, reduce interlayer interference, in plane, utilize diameter, horizontal well and complex structural well to carry out subregion adjustment according to the variation of sedimentary micro transitivity, water out behavior and remaining oil distribution.
1. pair oil sand body refinement is evaluated
By setting up assessment indicator system, oil sand body is evaluated one by one.The Static State Index of oil sand body comprises area, reserves, thickness, breadth coefficient, degree of porosity, permeability, non-homogeneity and fluid properties, and dynamic indicator comprises recovery percent of reserves, comprehensive water cut, remaining oil is big or small adopts corresponding situation with distribution characteristics, injection extraction situation, energy state, well pattern control status and note.
2. reconstruct development block
According to the sound state evaluation result of each oil sand body, adopt principle of similarity from three-dimensional Reconstruction development block, its reconstruct principle is:
(1) by the separately exploitation of dissimilar oil sand body potentiality layer, reduce interlayer interference.
(2) by low recovery percent of reserves, potentiality of remaining oil is large, there is certain production capacity, and the individual layer that possesses individual layer exploitation condition forms separately a set of development block exploitation, can not form the layer of individual layer exploitation, the good reservoir of identical potentiality type or close, superimposed situation is reconstructed into a set of development block.
(3). the development block number of plies general control after reconstruct is in 3～5 layers, and effective thickness is controlled in 10m, and interlayer percolation rate is differential to be controlled in 3.
(4). to take into account as main, cannot superimposedly there is can exploiting separately of certain production capacity to superimposed poor charlotte shape potentiality layer.
Analyze and classification results according to single oil sand body (flow unit), be distributed as center with residue, current development block (series of strata) is carried out to further segmentation and restructuring from longitudinal and plane, geology, flow unit that Development characteristics is close are recombined into together, form the dissimilar development block of many covers, reconfiguration unit is divided into following five kinds of fundamental types.
I class: be positioned at main layer body region in plane, principal character is the good (permeability>=0.200 μ m of reservoir properties
2), thickness large (thickness in monolayer>=4m), well pattern perfect (can form more regular Five-point method pattern), moisture height (>=95%), recovery percent of reserves high (>=30%), remaining oil saturation low (≤20%) and high degree of dispersion;
II class: be positioned at main layer fringe area in plane, principal character is the medium deviation of physical property (permeability 0.100～0.200 μ m
2), thinner thickness (thickness in monolayer 2～4m), well spacing large (injector producer distance>=300m), moisture low (moisture < 80%), recovery percent of reserves medium (20～30%), remaining oil saturation high (>=30%) enrichment relatively;
III class: the non-main layer of area-type, principal character is the medium deviation of physical property (permeability 0.100～0.200 μ m
2), well pattern imperfection (can not form more regular flooding pattern), moisture lower (moisture < 90%), recovery percent of reserves lower (< 30%);
IV class: the non-main layer of ribbon, principal character is oil-containing width narrow (< 400m), well pattern imperfection (mostly be and adopted without note), limit Shuitu is entered seriously, recovery percent of reserves low (< 20%);
V class: the non-main layer of potato shape, feature is little (the < 0.1km of area
2), thickness in monolayer thin (< 1m), can not form injection-production relation (mostly being individual well point or two well points controls), employs difference or does not employ (recovery percent of reserves < 10%).
3. improve the recovery ratio of different reconfiguration units
For the feature of different reconstruct development blocks, take well pattern thickening and perfect, improve the enhanced recovery of water drive multiple, separate mass and separate pressure water filling etc. and improve recovery efficiency technique countermeasure, it is as shown in the table that variety classes reconstruct development block improves the countermeasure of recovery ratio accordingly.
Embodiment mono-
Certain oil field VII4-18 series of strata oil area 11.6km
2, oil in place 642.5 × 10
4t, degree of porosity 17.3%, permeability 0.374um
2, dropped into exploitation from 1977, in by the end of December, 2008, oil well drives a well 25 mouthfuls, average individual well day 50.1 tons of production fluids, 2.7 tons of day produce oils, comprehensive water cut 94.6%; Water injection well drives a well 24 mouthfuls, average individual well daily water-injection rate 58m
3, month injection-production ratio 1.14, rate of oil production 0.39, recovery percent of reserves 37.15%, demarcation recovery ratio is high by 42.4%.This unit is formed by stacking by 21 individual layers, wherein: 6 (VII 6 of major oil reservoir
3, VII 6
4, VII 8, VII 9, VII 10, VII 11, VII 13), non-major oil reservoir 15 (VII 4, VII 5, VII 6
1, VII 6
2, VII 12
1, VII 12
2, VII 15
1, VII 15
2, VII 16, VII 17
1, VII 17
2, VII 18
1, VII 18
2, VII 18
3, VII 18
4), belong to heterogeneous reservoir.According to the principle of reconstruct development block and method, VII 4-18 series of strata are reconstructed into quadruplet development block, see the following form.
At above-mentioned 4 cover reconstruct development blocks, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, adjust altogether and dispose new Jing12Kou (wherein 10 mouthfuls of producing wells, 2 mouthfuls of water injection wells); 25 mouthfuls of old well measures (wherein: 4 mouthfuls of metaideophones, reproduce 2 mouthfuls, 2 mouthfuls of multiple notes, 8 mouthfuls of perforations addings, 9 mouthfuls of well acidifyings etc.).Reconstruct development block technology, in certain oil field VII 14-18 series of strata application, has obtained good effect,
Development effectiveness has obtained remarkable improvement: former VII 14-18 series of strata day produce oil is by 67t ↑ 90t, moisture by 94.6% ↓ 92.6%, and rate of oil production, by 0.39% ↑ 0.51%, increases recoverable reserves 10.54 × 10
4t, improves 1.64 percentage points of recovery ratios.
Embodiment bis-
The present embodiment is to carry out for a certain region of a set of series of strata, certain oil field VIII IX oil group oil area 16.82km
2, oil in place 1426.28 × 10
4t, degree of porosity 16.3%, permeability 0.192um
2.Dropped into exploitation from 1977, in by the end of December, 2010, oil well drives a well 61 mouthfuls, average individual well day 23.4 tons of production fluids, 1.8 tons of day produce oils, comprehensive water cut 92.3%; Water injection well drives a well 83 mouthfuls, average individual well daily water-injection rate 28m
3, month injection-production ratio 1.5, rate of oil production 0.36, recovery percent of reserves 32.23%, demarcation recovery ratio is high by 37.03%.As shown in Figure 3, this unit is by 22 substratums, and 50 individual layers are formed by stacking, wherein: 10 of main force's individual layers, 40 of non-main force individual layers, belong to heterogeneous reservoir.
ⅧⅨYou Zu updip district and VIII IX oil group body region all belong to the same development block of VIII IX oil group, and ⅧⅨYou Zu updip district oil area 7.4km
2, oil in place 435.56 × 10
4t, degree of porosity 13.5%, permeability 0.079um
2.Dropped into exploitation from 1977, in by the end of December, 2010, oil well drives a well 37 mouthfuls, average individual well day 18.2 tons of production fluids, 2.4 tons of day produce oils, comprehensive water cut 86.3%; Water injection well drives a well 29 mouthfuls, average individual well daily water-injection rate 22m
3, month injection-production ratio 0.9, rate of oil production 0.59, recovery percent of reserves 24.11%, demarcation recovery ratio is high by 32.5%.
ⅧⅨYou Zu updip district has 42 oil-containing substratums and is formed by stacking, and wherein, there are 10 oil-containing substratums in main layer updip district, 32 of non-major oil reservoirs.(average effective thickness 8.2m, more than regional area effective thickness reaches 20m), belongs to heterogeneous reservoir.According to the principle of reconstruct development block and method, only ⅧⅨYou Zu updip district is implemented to the application of reconstruct development block technology, ⅧⅨYou Zu updip district is reconstructed into 9 cover development blocks, and as shown in Figure 4, the basic condition that VIIIIX You Zu updip district is reconstructed into 9 cover development blocks sees the following form.
The P1 direction of arrow in Fig. 4 is cut a section, can see the superimposed situation on partial reconfiguration development block oil reservoir is longitudinally, as shown in Figure 5, at above-mentioned 9 cover reconstruct development blocks, adjust altogether and dispose new Jing20Kou (wherein 17 mouthfuls of producing wells, 3 mouthfuls of water injection wells); 49 mouthfuls of old well measures (wherein: 12 mouthfuls of metaideophones, reproduce 30 mouthfuls, 2 mouthfuls of multiple notes, 5 mouthfuls of perforations addings).
Reconstruct development block technology is applied in ⅧⅨYou Zu updip district, obtained good effect, development effectiveness has obtained remarkable improvement: ⅧⅨYou Zu updip district day produce oil is by 88t ↑ 142t, moisture by 86.3% ↓ 82.1%, rate of oil production, by 0.74% ↑ 1.19%, increases recoverable reserves 38.21 × 10
4t, improves 8.77 percentage points of recovery ratios.
Embodiment tri-
Certain oil field IV5-11 series of strata oil area 4.75km
2, oil in place 445.7 × 10
4t, degree of porosity 21.37%, permeability 0.714um
2.Dropped into exploitation from 1977, in April, 2009, oil well drives a well 35 mouthfuls, average individual well day 45.2 tons of production fluids, 1.4 tons of day produce oils, comprehensive water cut 96.9%; Water injection well drives a well 16 mouthfuls, average individual well daily water-injection rate 101m
3, month injection-production ratio 1.02, rate of oil production 0.4, recovery percent of reserves 50.2%, demarcation recovery ratio is high by 55.65%.
This unit is formed by stacking by 14 individual layers, wherein: 6 (IV5 of major oil reservoir
1, IV5
2, IV7
1, IV7
1, IV9
1, IV9
2), 8 (IV6 of non-major oil reservoir
1, IV6
2, IV8
2, IV10
1, IV10
2, IV10
3, IV11
2, IV11
3), belong to heterogeneous reservoir.According to the principle of reconstruct development block and method, IV5-11 series of strata are reconstructed into three cover development blocks, see the following form
At above-mentioned 3 cover reconstruct development blocks, adjust altogether and dispose new Jing17Kou (wherein 10 mouthfuls of producing wells, 7 mouthfuls of water injection wells); 13 mouthfuls of old well measures (wherein: 11 mouthfuls of oily metaideophones, return series of strata to reproduce 2 mouthfuls etc.), wherein, first and second two covers reconfiguration unit carries out ternary chemical flooding, and reconstructed unit carries out conventional water drive, and after the IV5-11 Grouping of Sand Members And Well adjustment of oil field, pound sign is as shown in the table.
Reconstruct development block technology and ternary chemical flooding (1800mg/L (P))+3000mg/L (s)+8000mg/LNa
2cO
3) coupling effect applies in IV5-11 series of strata, obtain good effect, development effectiveness has obtained remarkable improvement: these series of strata start in by the end of December, 2010 successively to 32 mouthfuls of well profile controls, 22 mouthfuls of wells turn ternary system and inject, IV5-11 series of strata day produce oil is by 49t ↑ 92.3t, moisture by 96.9% ↓ 95.1%, rate of oil production, by 0.4% ↑ 0.75%, estimates to increase recoverable reserves 42.3 × 10
4t, improves 9.49 percentage points of recovery ratios.
Claims (6)
1. a method that improves heterogeneous reservoir development late stage recovery ratio, is characterized in that, the step of the method is as follows:
1). according to the Static State Index of oil sand body and dynamic indicator, oil sand body is evaluated one by one;
2). according to the sound state evaluation result of each oil sand body, adopt principle of similarity from three-dimensional Reconstruction development block;
3) if. judge individual layer recovery percent of reserves low, potentiality of remaining oil is large, possesses individual layer exploitation condition, it is formed separately to a set of development block exploitation;
4). to not forming the layer of individual layer exploitation, by identical potentiality type or close, the good reservoir of superimposed situation is reconstructed into a set of development block;
5). the development block after reconstruct is classified, according to reconfiguration unit Te Tezheng separately, take to improve the Corresponding Countermeasures of recovery ratio.
2. the method for raising heterogeneous reservoir development late stage recovery ratio according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 1), the Static State Index of oil sand body comprises area, reserves, thickness, breadth coefficient, degree of porosity, permeability, non-homogeneity and fluid properties, and dynamic indicator comprises recovery percent of reserves, comprehensive water cut, remaining oil is big or small adopts corresponding situation with distribution characteristics, injection extraction situation, energy state, well pattern control status and note.
3. the method for raising heterogeneous reservoir development late stage recovery ratio according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2) principle of reconstruct development block comprises:
A. dissimilar oil sand body potentiality layer should separately be exploited, to reduce interlayer interference;
B. the development block number of plies of reconstruct is 3～5 layers, and effective thickness is in 10 meters, and interlayer permeability grade is in 3;
C. to superimposed poor charlotte shape potentiality layer to take into account as main, cannot superimposedly there is the independent exploitation of certain production capacity.
4. the method for raising heterogeneous reservoir development late stage recovery ratio according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 5), the development block of reconstruct comprises main layer body region, main layer fringe area, the non-main layer of area-type, the non-main layer of ribbon and the non-main layer of potato shape.
5. the method for raising heterogeneous reservoir development late stage recovery ratio according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the feature of five types of described reconfiguration units is respectively:
Main layer body region, feature is that physical property is well permeability>=0.200 μ m
2, thickness in monolayer>=4m, can form more regular Five-point method pattern, moisture>=95%, recovery percent of reserves>=30%, remaining oil saturation low≤20%, and high degree of dispersion;
Main layer fringe area, feature is that the medium deviation of physical property is permeability 0.100～0.200 μ m
2, thickness in monolayer is 2～4m, injector producer distance>=300m, moisture < 80%, recovery percent of reserves is 20～30%, remaining oil saturation>=30%, enrichment relatively;
The non-main layer of area-type, feature is that the medium deviation of physical property is permeability 0.100～0.200 μ m
2, can not form more regular flooding pattern, moisture < 90%, the lower < 30% of recovery percent of reserves;
The non-main layer of ribbon, feature is oil-containing width < 400m, and well pattern is for adopting without note, and limit Shuitu is entered seriously, the low < 20% of recovery percent of reserves;
The non-main layer of potato shape, feature is area < 0.1km
2, the thin < 1m of thickness in monolayer, for individual well point or two well points controls, employs poor or does not employ recovery percent of reserves < 10%.
6. the method for raising heterogeneous reservoir development late stage recovery ratio according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the measure of the described raising recovery ratio of taking for five types of reconfiguration units is respectively:
Well pattern adjustment is taked in main layer body region, fluid diversion and the measure that improves displacement multiple;
Main layer fringe area adopts infilled well pattern, the water injection pressure of adaptation and water quality and the measure that improves water drive development degree;
The non-main layer of area-type adopts and improves well pattern, the measure of the water injection pressure of adaptation and water quality and raising water drive development degree;
The non-main layer of ribbon makes full use of Edge water energy, adopts horizontal well to realize the measure of individual layer exploitation;
The measure that the non-main layer of potato shape adopts water filling to handle up.
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