The preparation method that Ka Gelie is clean
technical field
The present invention relates to the clean preparing technical field of Ka Gelie, particularly the clean preparation method of a kind of Ka Gelie.
background technology
Ka Gelie clean (canagliflozin), commodity are called Invokana, the New type of S GLT2 inhibitor of being researched and developed by Johson & Johnson, be used for the treatment of type II diabetes, on March 29th, 2013, U.S. FDA has been ratified the Invokana of Johnson & Johnson sheet (canagliflozin) and has been used for the treatment of diabetes B adult patient; In September, 2013, Ka Gelie has only obtained European drug administration (EMA) approval and has been used for the treatment of adult's diabetes B.In addition, Ka Gelie has also obtained Australian approval only.Ka Gelie Jing Shi Johson & Johnson is one of the most promising drug candidate person.Under Johson & Johnson Yang Sen department have this medicine in North America, the selling right of South America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, New Zealand and some Asian countries.
The clean chemical name of Ka Gelie is (1S)-1,5-dehydrogenation-1-C-[3-[[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienyl] methyl]-4-aminomethyl phenyl]-D-Glucose alcohol, No. CAS is 842133-18-0, structural formula is as shown in I.
(Ⅰ)
First SGLT2 inhibitor that Ka Gelie ratifies for FDA only, belong to selectivity sodium-glucose body 2(SGLT2 that cotransports) kind new medicine of inhibitor, sodium-glucose body that cotransports is that a kind of glucose transporter has two kinds of hypotypes, SGLT2 is one of them hypotype, at nearly uriniferous tubules, express, participate in the heavily absorption of the glucose that filters in most tube chamber, Ka Gelie net energy suppresses SGLT2, make the glucose in uriniferous tubules can not suction smoothly receipts, reduce kidney glucose threshold (RTG), thereby reduce blood sugar concentration.Clinical in type II diabetes.Ka Gelie is first SGLT2 inhibitor of listing only, and day clothes once, can reach blood sugar decreasing effect and have good tolerance, and drug interaction is low, has wide potential applicability in clinical practice.At present in the listing of a plurality of countries.
At present, the preparation method clean to Ka Gelie has bibliographical information both at home and abroad, and WO2005012326 discloses, the bromo-2-tolyl aldehyde of the 5-of take is starting raw material, through reacting with 2-chlorothiophene, with 2,3,4,6-tetra--O-TMS-maltonic acid-1,5-lactone reaction, then react and obtain thick methyl ether compound with the methanol solution of methylsulphonic acid, react and obtain target product I with trimethyl silane and boron trifluoride ether solution again
Concrete synthetic route is as follows:
WO2009035969 and WO2012140120 disclose, and take p-Fluoro bromo benzene as starting raw material, with magnesium powder form format reagent; react with 2-bromothiophene again and obtain 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-thiophene; the latter reacts with the iodo-2-methyl benzoyl chloride of 5-, and the product obtaining removes carbonyl through reduction; with 2; the reaction of 3,4,6-O-, tetra-pivaloyl groups-alpha-D-Glucopyranose bromide; hydrolysis Deprotection obtains target product I, and concrete synthetic route is as follows:
The clean equal more complicated of synthetic method of above prior art disclosed preparation Ka Gelie, step is longer, has extended the production cycle, and reaction conditions is comparatively harsh, and aftertreatment is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and route total recovery is not high.
summary of the invention
In order to solve, in above prior art, prepare that Ka Gelie the accounts show a surplus of reactions steps is long, technique is loaded down with trivial details, severe reaction conditions, aftertreatment is complicated, route total recovery is not high problem, the invention provides a kind of reactions steps shorter, the clean novel method of preparation Ka Gelie that yield is high.
The present invention is achieved by the following measures:
The preparation method that Ka Gelie is clean, comprises the following steps
(1) take four pivaloyl groups-alpha-D-bromo Glucopyranose (II) as raw material and connection boric acid pinacol ester (III) generation electrophilic substitution reaction generation compound (IV);
(2) take the iodo-2-aminomethyl phenyl of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(5-) methyl] compound (IV) reacting generating compound (VI) that obtains with step (1) under catalyst action as raw material of thiophene (V);
(3) get the compound (VI) that step (2) obtains and be hydrolyzed under alkaline condition, it is that Ka Gelie is clean that Deprotection obtains compound (I).
Whole reaction process as shown in the formula:
The clean novel method of preparation Ka Gelie provided by the invention, the palladium catalyst wherein using in step (1) can be one of following reagent: Palladous chloride, palladium hydroxide, palladium, Palladous nitrate, allyl palladium chloride dimer, two (cyanobenzene) Palladous chloride, two (dibenzalacetones) close palladium, 1, two (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene of 1'-] close Palladous chloride, two (triphenylphosphine) ferrocene closes Palladous chloride, four (triphen phosphino-) palladium, three (dibenzalacetone) two palladiums, two (1, two (diphenylphosphine) ethane of 2-) palladium, dichloro two (thricyclohexyl is seen) palladium, two (three-O-toluene phosphine) palladiums of trans-dichloro, (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) palladium chloride, chlorine palladium acid sodium, three (dibenzalacetone) two palladiums-chloroform adducts, triphenylphosphine palladium acetate, two (acetonitrile) Palladous chloride, [1, the two diphenylphosphine propane of 3-] Palladous chloride, tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium etc.Preferably 1, two (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene of 1'-] close Palladous chloride (PdCl2 (dppf)).Wherein the consumption mol ratio of halogenated aryl hydrocarbon, that acid esters of connection boron frequency is 1:1-1:2, and the consumption mol ratio of halogenated aryl hydrocarbon and palladium catalyst is 20:1-100:1.
Wherein step (1) reaction solvent is the mixed solvent of one or both and multiple mentioned reagent for DMF, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), DMSO, methylene dichloride, trichloromethane (chloroform), toluene, acetone.Temperature of reaction can be 20 ℃-60 ℃ as preferable reaction temperature at 0 ℃-160 ℃, and the reaction times is as the criterion to react completely, and can be 30 minutes to 24 hours.Wherein the alkaline reagents of the use of step (1) one of is following reagent: organic bases, as sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, sodium-acetate, Potassium ethanoate, sodium amide, trityl sodium, potassium tert.-butoxide, pyridine, piperidines, Trimethylamine 99, triethylamine, tripropyl amine or diisopropyl ethyl amine etc.; Mineral alkali, as salt of wormwood, sodium carbonate, saleratus, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, preferably alkaline reagents is Potassium ethanoate, the consumption mol ratio of halogenated aryl hydrocarbon and Potassium ethanoate is 1:1-1:3.
The clean method of Ka Gelie of preparing provided by the invention, wherein step (2) starting compound used (V) can be for one of following: the iodo-2-aminomethyl phenyl of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(5-) methyl] thiophene, the bromo-2-aminomethyl phenyl of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(5-) methyl] thiophene.
Wherein the alkaline reagents of the use of step (2) one of is following reagent: organic bases, as sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, sodium-acetate, Potassium ethanoate, sodium amide, trityl sodium, potassium tert.-butoxide, pyridine, piperidines, Trimethylamine 99, triethylamine, tripropyl amine or diisopropyl ethyl amine etc.; Mineral alkali, as salt of wormwood, sodium carbonate, saleratus, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, compound (V) is 1:1-1:3 with the consumption mol ratio of alkali.
Wherein the reaction solvent of step (2) is the mixed solvent of one or both and multiple mentioned reagent of DMF, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), DMSO, methylene dichloride, trichloromethane (chloroform), toluene, acetone.Temperature of reaction can be 0 ℃-60 ℃ as preferable reaction temperature at 0 ℃-200 ℃, and the reaction times is as the criterion to react completely, and can be 30 minutes to 24 hours.
The clean preparation method of a kind of Ka Gelie provided by the invention, wherein step (3) alkaline reagents used is one of following: organic bases, as sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, sodium-acetate, Potassium ethanoate, sodium amide, trityl sodium, potassium tert.-butoxide, pyridine, piperidines, Trimethylamine 99, triethylamine, tripropyl amine or diisopropyl ethyl amine etc.; Mineral alkali, as salt of wormwood, sodium carbonate, saleratus, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, preferably alkaline reagents is sodium methylate.
Wherein the reaction solvent of step (3) is the mixed solvent of one or both and multiple mentioned reagent of methyl alcohol, ethanol, Virahol, propyl carbinol, the trimethyl carbinol, methylene dichloride, ethyl acetate, butylacetate, ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether, isopropyl ether, trichloromethane (chloroform), acetone etc.Temperature of reaction can be 20 ℃-80 ℃ as preferable reaction temperature at 0 ℃-200 ℃, and the reaction times is as the criterion to react completely, and can be 30 minutes to 24 hours.
Advantage of the present invention:
(1) the clean method of Ka Gelie of preparing of the present invention, adopt palladium catalyst catalytic synthetic techniques, synthetic route shortens dramatically, and only has three steps, simplified operating procedure, reaction conditions is comparatively gentle, and aftertreatment is simple and easy to do, is more suitable for industrialization production requirements, not only save production time and labour cost, and reduced production cost, and having increased substantially the yield of reaction, this route total recovery reaches more than 60%;
(2) when preparing compound (VI), this route is taked first by compound (II) four pivaloyl groups-alpha-D-bromo Glucopyranose and connection boric acid pinacol ester generation substitution reaction, boric acid pinacol ester group in the compound obtaining (IV) is more easily left away, and has improved reaction yield;
(3) by compound (II), obtained in the process of compound (VI), this route adopts the method for carrying out two-step reaction in same reaction system, at compound (II) through reacting and obtain after compounds Ⅳ with connection boric acid pinacol ester, without aftertreatment, directly in former reaction system, add compound (V) to react and obtain compound (VI), simplified operating procedure, shortened the production cycle, aftertreatment is simple and easy to do, improved the yield of reaction, reduced production cost, after the catalyst reaction using in route, be easy to remove, be more suitable for industrialized production.
embodiment:
Following examples are to further illustrate of the present invention, include but not limited to following examples.Below with reference to embodiment, elaborate the present invention, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the preparation method of these embodiment and use.And those skilled in the art can be equal to replacement, combination, improvement or modify the present invention according to description of the invention, but these all will comprise within the scope of the invention.
embodiment 1
The preparation of (1) four pivaloyl groups-alpha-D-Glucopyranose boric acid pinacol ester (IV)
Under nitrogen protection, in 50ml reaction flask, by [1, two (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene of 1'-] palladium chloride (PdCl2 (dppf)) (0.22g, 0.3mmol), Potassium ethanoate (3.0g, 30mmol) and connection boric acid pinacol ester (2.8g, 10mmol) be dissolved in 12ml DMSO, separately add four pivaloyl groups-alpha-D-bromo Glucopyranose (5.8g, 10mmol), temperature control, in 80 ℃, reacts 8 hours, reacts complete, without aftertreatment, directly carry out next step reaction;
(2) three (PAs)-(2S, 3S, 4R, 5R, 6R)-2-(3-((5-(4-fluorophenyl) thiophene-2-yl) methyl)-4-aminomethyl phenyl)-6-(oxy acid methyl neopentyl) tetrahydrochysene-2H-pyrans-3, the preparation of 4,5-, tri-base esters (VI)
In the reaction solution of above-mentioned reaction, add the iodo-2-aminomethyl phenyl of compound (V) 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(5-) methyl] thiophene (4.9g, 12mmol), temperature control, in 15 ℃, reacts 4 hours, react complete, with ethyl acetate/water extraction (V/V=1:1), water layer, with ethyl acetate washed twice, merges organic layer, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, concentrated (7.7g) total recovery of compound (VI) that obtains: 85%;
(3) (1S)-1,5-dehydrogenation-1-C-[3-[[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienyl] methyl]-4-aminomethyl phenyl] preparation of-D-Glucose alcohol (Ka Gelie is clean)
In 50ml reaction flask, add compound VI (4.0g, 5mmol) and 20ml methyl alcohol, stirring at room, dissolves, and adds sodium methylate (28% methanol solution), temperature control is in 60 ℃, react 16 hours, be cooled to room temperature, the yellow solution obtaining adds 7ml water and crystal seed, in-5 ℃, stir 1 hour, filtration obtains target compound Ka Gelie clean (1. 8g), yield 88%, purity 94%.m.p:105-107℃;ESI-MS:445(MH
+).
1HNMR(CD3OD)?δ7.5(m,2H),7.3(m,1H),7.25(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.15(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.0(m,3H),6.7(m,1H),4.9(s,4H),4.2(s,2H),4.1(m,1H),3.9(d,1H,J=12.0Hz),3.7(d,1H,J=12.0Hz),3.45(m,4H),2.3(s,3H)。
embodiment 2
The preparation of (1) four pivaloyl groups-alpha-D-Glucopyranose boric acid pinacol ester (IV)
Under nitrogen protection, in 50ml reaction flask, two (triphenylphosphine) ferrocene are closed to Palladous chloride (0.21g, 0.3mmol), salt of wormwood (4.1g, 30mmol) and connection boric acid pinacol ester (2.8g, 10mmol) be dissolved in 12ml DMF, separately add four pivaloyl groups-alpha-D-bromo Glucopyranose (5.8g, 10mmol), temperature control is in 80 ℃, react 10 hours, react complete, without aftertreatment, directly carry out next step reaction;
(2) three (PAs)-(2S, 3S, 4R, 5R, 6R)-2-(3-((5-(4-fluorophenyl) thiophene-2-yl) methyl)-4-aminomethyl phenyl)-6-(oxy acid methyl neopentyl) tetrahydrochysene-2H-pyrans-3, the preparation of 4,5-, tri-base esters (VI)
In the reaction solution of above-mentioned reaction, add the bromo-2-aminomethyl phenyl of compound (V) 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(5-) methyl] thiophene (4.9g, 12mmol), temperature control is in 20 ℃, react 8 hours, react complete, with methylene dichloride/water extraction (V/V=1:1), water layer is with twice of washed with dichloromethane, merge organic layer, anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, concentrates and obtains compound (VI) (7.0g), total recovery: 75%;
(3) (1S)-1,5-dehydrogenation-1-C-[3-[[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienyl] methyl]-4-aminomethyl phenyl] preparation of-D-Glucose alcohol (Ka Gelie is clean)
In 50ml reaction flask, add in compound VI (4.0g, 5mmol) and 20ml methyl alcohol, stirring at room makes it to dissolve, add sodium methylate (28% methanol solution), temperature control, in 60 ℃, reacts 16 hours, be cooled to room temperature, the yellow solution obtaining adds 7ml water and crystal seed, in-5 ℃ of stirrings 1 hour, filters and obtains target compound Ka Gelie clean (1.7g), yield 85%, purity 90%.m.p:105-107℃;ESI-MS:445(MH
+).
1HNMR(CD3OD)?δ7.5(m,2H),7.3(m,1H),7.25(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.15(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.0(m,3H),6.7(m,1H),4.9(s,4H),4.2(s,2H),4.1(m,1H),3.9(d,1H,J=12.0Hz),3.7(d,1H,J=12.0Hz),3.45(m,4H),2.3(s,3H)。
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not subject to the restriction of embodiment; other is any does not deviate from change, modification, the combination made under spirit of the present invention and principle, substitute, simplify and all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.