CN104108951B - The preparation method of special pottery, adopts the standby valve auxiliary structure of special ceramic and plunger pair - Google Patents
The preparation method of special pottery, adopts the standby valve auxiliary structure of special ceramic and plunger pair Download PDFInfo
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- CN104108951B CN104108951B CN201410276090.7A CN201410276090A CN104108951B CN 104108951 B CN104108951 B CN 104108951B CN 201410276090 A CN201410276090 A CN 201410276090A CN 104108951 B CN104108951 B CN 104108951B
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Abstract
This application discloses the preparation method of a kind of special pottery and prepare valve auxiliary structure and plunger pair.The preparation method of the application, including ceramic just one-step forming and sintering, again the ceramic after sintering is carried out vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment, vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment includes, and the ceramic after sintering is put into the vacuum high temperature furnace of built-in graphite crucible, at vacuum 50-60bar, heating-up temperature 1400 DEG C-1500 DEG C, without high-temperature carburizing under phase transformation, then insulation makes carburizing uniform again, and finally cooling is come out of the stove.The preparation method of the application, with existing in spy makes pottery raw material, be directly added into the method such as black enamel, high-temperature ceramics toner compared with, after vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment, carburizing depth reaches 8mm-10mm, the finished product not only color consistency obtained is greatly improved, appearance is bright and new attractive in appearance, and the performances such as the hardness of special pottery, bending resistance, fracture toughness, density, impact strength, heatproof all increase.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to special cermacis field, the preparation method particularly relating to a kind of special pottery, and the valve auxiliary structure of preparation and plunger pair.
Background technology
Special cermacis, also known as fine ceramics, is called for short spy's pottery, classifies by its application function, substantially can be divided into high intensity, high temperature resistant and composite structural ceramic and the big class of electrotechnical, electronic function ceramics two.Ceramic batch adds the inorganic material of special formula, through about 1360 degree high temperature sintering molding, thus obtaining reliable and stable antistatic performance, become a kind of new special pottery, it is generally of one or more functions, as: the functions such as electricity, magnetic, light, heat, sound, chemistry, biology；And coupling function, such as functions such as piezoelectricity, thermoelectricity, electric light, acousto-optic, magneto-optics.People's convenience in order to produce, on the research and learning, sometimes by chemical composition, and the performance according to pottery, they are divided into high-strength ceramic, high-temperature ceramics, high tenacity pottery, ferroelectric ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, electrolyte ceramics, semiconductive ceramic, dielectric ceramics, optical ceramics and crystalline ceramics, ferrite, acid-proof ceramics and bioceramic etc..
Special cermacis manufacturing process has a variety of, and in production, the shape according to goods selects manufacturing process, and the bonding agent that different manufacturing process need to be selected is different.Common ceramic shaping method, bonding agent kind and consumption are as follows: dry pressing, and the polyvinyl butyral resin adding mass fraction 1-5% is bonding agent；Casting, the allyl resin class adding mass fraction 1-3% is bonding agent；Squeezing and pressing method, the methylcellulose adding mass fraction 5-15% is bonding agent；Injection, the polypropylene adding mass fraction 10-25% is bonding agent；Isostatic pressing method, the polycarboxylic acids ammonium adding mass fraction 0-3% is bonding agent.Various bonding agent can be divided into lubricant, plasticizer, dispersant, surfactant namely to have dispersant and lubricating function, etc., for satisfied shaping needs, the generally combination of the multiple organic material bonding agent of employing.For ensureing product quality, in addition it is also necessary to prevent from being mixed into impurity from bonding agent, raw material and preparation process, product is made to produce harmful defect.In preparation of raw material, coordinate with the mechanical means such as pulverizing, mixing and bonding agent, dispersant, reach dispersion, do not contain aggregated particle as far as possible.Bonding agent is subject to kind and molecular weight thereof, and the character of particle surface and the dissolubility of solvent etc. affect, and are adsorbed on raw particles surface, by steric stabilization effect, play the effect preventing powder stock from condensing.In forming process, bonding agent with plasticity, has water retaining function to raw material, improves formed body intensity and construction operation.
Special cermacis is in its practical application, different according to product performance demands, requires also different to special ceramic material performance indications.If desired for some colors to meet special requirement and aesthetic appeal, also tend to the concordance requiring to obtain better color consistency and hardness, if existing black zirconia is to reach purpose that is painted and that properly increase hardness by being directly added into the method such as black enamel, high-temperature ceramics toner in making pottery raw material spy, but hardness height cannot be obtained, deform the effects such as little, carburizing is uniform, surface cleaning is bright.And do over again and percent defective is high, it is impossible to meet technical property requirements and the production requirement of high pressure, ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic field special ceramic material valve pair and plunger pair.The indexs such as flexural strength, impact strength, resistance to temperature, hardness, fracture toughness and the density own that particularly high pressure, ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic field special ceramic material valve pair and plunger pair are crucial.This cannot realize under existing special pottery processing technology.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a kind of new special ceramic Preparation Method, and the special of preparation is made pottery and special pottery valve auxiliary structure and plunger pair structure, and adopts the solenoid directional control valve of this spy pottery valve auxiliary structure and the plunger displacement pump of employing this spy pottery plunger pair structure.
To achieve these goals, the application have employed techniques below scheme:
The preparation method that the one side of the application discloses a kind of special pottery, including first one-step forming and the sintering of ceramic, also includes the ceramic after sintering is carried out vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment；Vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment includes, and the ceramic after sintering is put into the vacuum high temperature furnace of built-in graphite crucible, at vacuum 5-6Pa, heating-up temperature 1000 DEG C-1500 DEG C, without carrying out high-temperature carburizing under transition, after high-temperature carburizing, insulation makes carburizing uniform again, and then cooling is come out of the stove.
It should be noted that, the purpose of high-temperature carburizing is to make the graphite inside graphite crucible penetrate in ceramic, it is appreciated that, as long as heating all can produce carburizing more or less, such as it is heated to four or five hundred degrees Celsius and also can produce carburizing, the application considers the efficiency of carburizing, it is preferable that under the heating-up temperature of 1000 DEG C-1500 DEG C, carry out high-temperature carburizing；Being further appreciated that the ceramic for different materials, it is different that heating makes the temperature that graphite permeates, but as long as the temperature of heating will not make ceramic undergo phase transition；As for the time of carburizing, when being left out saturated, the time, more long carburizing was more many, and this can determine according to real needs.Also, it should be noted it is make the carbon penetrating in ceramic be dispersed in ceramic that insulation makes the uniform purpose of carburizing, this carries out at holding stage, and the time of insulation can determine according to different special fictile materials.
In the application, it is contemplated that carburizing efficiency and basic carburizing amount demand, it is preferable that heating-up temperature is 1400 DEG C-1500 DEG C, and the time of high-temperature carburizing is 4-5 hour；Preferably, insulation makes the carburizing uniform time is 3-10 hour, more preferably 7-9 hour.
In the application, ceramic just one-step forming refers to, special pottery raw material is tentatively compressing through mould, mainly includes dry pressure formed, high pressure injection moulding and isostatic pressing in the application；Being appreciated that one of the application focuses on Carburization Treatment, the Carburization Treatment of the equally possible employing the application of other NM forming method is to improve the performance of special pottery.In the application, the mould that graphite crucible and high strength graphite are made.
Preferably, cooling is come out of the stove specifically, be cooled to less than 200 DEG C in 16-18 hour, comes out of the stove.It should be noted that the time of cooling is to allow special fictile slow cooling after high-temperature vacuum Carburization Treatment, because cooling rate is too fast is easily caused special fictile cracking, affect the quality of production；Generally according to different special ceramic materials, the speed of slow cooling is different；This example is preferred, is cooled to less than 200 DEG C in 16-18 hour.
Preferably, the inner surface of graphite crucible is embedded with the activated carbon powder of 200-300 order.
Preferably, in the first one-step forming of ceramic and sintering, first one-step forming adopts isostatic pressing, and isostatic pressing includes, with dry-pressing formed or extruded prepared special pottery green compact, green compact are put in isostatic pressed high-pressure bottle after installing flexible cover die additional together, being full of pressure transmission medium in container, described pressure transmission medium includes water or oil, is pressurized to 100-200Mpa in 1-5 minute, pressurize 2-6 minute, pressure release in 1-3 minute is taken out blank after completing and is removed cover die；Sintering includes, and the ceramic of first one-step forming is put into sintering furnace sintering, temperature 1450-1850 degree, heats up and sintering amounts to 16-26 hour, and stove inherence is cooled to less than 200 DEG C in 16-18 hour, come out of the stove.
Preferably, in the first one-step forming of ceramic and sintering, first one-step forming adopts high pressure injection moulding, high pressure injection moulding includes, with high pressure, ceramic size is expelled to molding in high-pressure molding injection molding, the locked mode pressure of high-pressure molding injection molding is 50-300Mpa, is placed in degumming stove by the high-pressure molding just base having injected ceramic size, and at 50-900 DEG C, degumming is incubated 5-6 hour；Sintering includes, and is loaded by the ceramic of one-step forming first after degumming in the crucible of air batch-type furnace, is added with buried powder in described crucible, and then sintered heat insulating more than 48 hours at 1450-1550 DEG C are cooled to less than 200 DEG C, come out of the stove in 17-19 hour.
The another side of the application discloses a kind of valve auxiliary structure, and including valve pocket and spool, valve pocket is cylindrical shape, has the valve pocket chamber of cylindrical shape, and the cavity wall in valve pocket chamber offers valve pocket oil-in, at least one valve pocket actuator port and valve pocket oil return opening；Spool is cylindrical, and cylindrical spool is loaded on the valve pocket intracavity of cylindrical shape, and the inwall that the face of cylinder of spool has at least three cannelure, spool and valve pocket chamber forms sliding pair；Spool and valve pocket are clearance seal, and gap sealed gap length span is 0.001-0.009mm.It should be noted that, the valve auxiliary structure of the application includes the valve auxiliary structure of two kinds of models, the i.e. valve auxiliary structure of the valve auxiliary structure of conventional latus rectum and big orifice, its gap sealed gap length span of valve auxiliary structure of conventional latus rectum is 0.001-0.008mm, and the latus rectum span of valve pocket oil-in, valve pocket actuator port and valve pocket oil return opening is 2.5-6.5mm.And the valve auxiliary structure of big orifice, its gap sealed gap length span is 0.003-0.009mm, and the latus rectum span of valve pocket oil-in, valve pocket actuator port and valve pocket oil return opening is 6.5-20mm.
Preferably, valve pocket and spool are adopt the spy for preparing of preparation method of the application to make pottery valve pocket and Te Tao spool.
The another side of the application discloses a kind of plunger pair, and including plunger bushing and plunger core, plunger bushing is cylindrical shape, has the plunger mantle cavity of cylindrical shape, and plunger core is cylindrical, and cylindrical plunger core is loaded on the plunger bushing intracavity of cylindrical shape；Plunger pair latus rectum span is 4-67mm；Plunger core and plunger bushing are clearance seal, and gap sealed gap length span is 0.002-0.016mm, it is preferred to 0.003-0.012mm；The cavity wall of plunger mantle cavity offers oil-in and oil-out, and cylindrical plunger core surface configuration has some annular balancing slits or helical oil groove；Or the cavity wall of plunger mantle cavity and cylindrical plunger core surface are bright finish.It should be noted that when the cavity wall of plunger mantle cavity and the plunger core surface of cylinder are bright finish, oil-in and oil-out are to design in plunger bushing metal outer wall or in the outer metal structure of plunger bushing end face.
Preferably, plunger bushing and plunger core are adopt the spy for preparing of preparation method of the application to make pottery plunger bushing and Te Tao plunger core.
It is appreciated that, it is bright and new attractive in appearance that the preparation method of the application provides a kind of prepared spy not only appearance of making pottery, and the high-quality preparation method that the performances such as the hardness of spy's pottery, bending resistance, fracture toughness, density, impact strength, heatproof all increase, this method may be used for the preparation of the higher special fictile of any physical property requirements that spy is made pottery；It is not limited solely to cylinder pair, valve, mould, cutter, fast mill spare part, acid and alkali-resistance mill part, high-precision part, and the spy that uses of high pressure, ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic field makes pottery, and valve is secondary and plunger pair material.
The another side of the application discloses a kind of solenoid directional control valve, including valve body, valve auxiliary structure and electromagnet assembly；Valve body has valve body chamber, and the internal chamber wall in valve body chamber has valve body oil-in, at least one valve body actuator port and valve pocket oil return opening；Valve auxiliary structure includes valve pocket and spool；Valve pocket and spool are adopt the spy for preparing of preparation method of the application to make pottery valve pocket and Te Tao spool；Valve pocket is fixedly installed on the valve body intracavity of valve body, valve pocket has valve pocket chamber, valve pocket cavity wall offers valve pocket oil-in, at least one valve pocket actuator port and valve pocket oil return opening, valve pocket actuator port connects with valve body actuator port, valve pocket oil-in connects with valve body oil-in, and valve pocket oil return opening connects with valve body oil return opening；Spool is loaded on the valve pocket intracavity of valve pocket, and spool forms sliding pair and clearance seal with valve pocket, and gap sealed gap length is 0.001-0.009mm；Electromagnet assembly controls described spool and slides at the valve pocket intracavity of valve pocket, connects with valve pocket oil-in or valve pocket oil return opening with the valve pocket actuator port controlling to specify.It should be noted that wherein gap length is the 0.001-0.009mm solenoid directional control valve that actually contains two kinds of models, i.e. the solenoid directional control valve of conventional latus rectum and big orifice solenoid directional control valve；In the solenoid directional control valve of conventional latus rectum, gap length is 0.001-0.008mm；In big orifice solenoid directional control valve, gap length is 0.003-0.009mm.
Owing to adopting above technical scheme, the application has the beneficial effects that:
The special ceramic Preparation Method of the application, with existing in spy makes pottery raw material, be directly added into the method such as black enamel, high-temperature ceramics toner compared with, vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment is adopted to reprocess to first one-step forming and through the special fictile of oversintering, carburizing depth reaches 8mm-10mm, not only finished product color consistency is greatly improved, appearance is bright and new attractive in appearance, and the performances such as the hardness of special pottery, bending resistance, fracture toughness, density, impact strength, heatproof all increase.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of special ceramic Preparation Method in embodiments herein；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of solenoid directional control valve in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of valve auxiliary structure in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of spool in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of super-pressure pump in the embodiment of the present application；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of plunger pair in the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed description of the invention
The deficiency of high pressure, supertension plunger pair and valve pair performance is made for existing special ceramic material, the application adopts vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment first in special ceramic Preparation Method, carburizing depth reaches 8mm-10mm, while obtaining such as black zirconia spy's ceramic material, it is bright and new attractive in appearance that finished product color consistency is greatly improved appearance, and, hardness is obviously improved, HRA improves 1-2 degree, and the performance such as the hardness of special pottery, bending resistance, fracture toughness, density, impact strength, heatproof all increases.
In a kind of implementation of the application, have employed the molding mode of a kind of improvement, i.e. high pressure injection moulding, the application make for the spy of electromagnetic switch guiding valve make pottery valve secondary G type spool time, adopt this high pressure injection moulding.The process that high pressure injection moulding is combined with vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment had both fully met the various technical property requirements of special ceramic material spool and valve pocket in high pressure, supertension electromagnetism reversing slide valve, meet again the processing technology of the special blind hole type inner chamber body of G type spool class, filled up electromagnetic switch guiding valve and used the blank of spy's pottery G type spool.Further, after adopting the preparation method of the application, finished product rate significantly improves.In the another kind of implementation of the application, additionally use the isostatic pressing of a kind of improvement, will be discussed in detail in the examples below.
It should be noted that a key point of the special ceramic Preparation Method of the application is in that, after at product, just one-step forming and sintering complete, then to special Tao Jinhang vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment；Being appreciated that the method for product just one-step forming is except the dry pressing mentioned in the application, isostatic pressing method and high-pressure injection method, other forming method may be equally applicable for the application.In addition, it can further be stated that, although the preparation method of the application is made pottery plunger pair and valve auxiliary material for spy and is designed, it is appreciated that, the preparation method of the application can be equally used for other field, to prepare high performance special pottery product, such as: cylinder pair, valve, cutter, mould, fast mill spare part, acid and alkali-resistance mill part, high-precision part etc..
In the application, operating pressure in solenoid directional control valve hydraulic system is defined as normal pressure less than 35Mpa, 35Mpa-63Mpa is (containing 35Mpa, without 63Mpa) it is defined as sub-high pressure, 63-100Mpa (containing 63Mpa, without 100Mpa) is defined as high pressure, by 100Mpa-400Mpa (containing 100Mpa, without 400Mpa) it is defined as supertension, by 400Mpa (containing 400Mpa) referred to above as super supertension.Hydraulic fluid port latus rectum is called conventional latus rectum solenoid directional control valve or conventional latus rectum valve auxiliary structure at the electromagnetic valve of below 6mm or valve auxiliary structure, and the hydraulic fluid port latus rectum electromagnetic valve more than 6mm or valve auxiliary structure are called big orifice solenoid directional control valve or big orifice valve auxiliary structure.
Below by specific embodiment, the application is described in further detail.The application is only further described by following example, should not be construed as the restriction to the application.
Embodiment one
This example is with zirconium oxide for primary raw material preparation spy's pottery, and concrete, as it is shown in figure 1, conventionally the mode of production modulates Ceramic Material and batch mixing, the first one-step forming of ceramic adopts isostatic pressing, then sinters, carries out vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment after having sintered.
Isostatic pressing includes, with dry-pressing formed or extruded prepared special pottery green compact, green compact are put in isostatic pressed high-pressure bottle after installing flexible cover die additional together, container is full of pressure transmission medium, pressure transmission medium is water, being pressurized to 150Mpa, pressurize 5 minutes in 3 minutes, pressure release in 2 minutes is taken out blank after completing and is removed cover die.Sintering after first one-step forming includes, and the ceramic of first one-step forming is put into sintering furnace sintering, temperature 1600 degree, heats up and sintering amounts to 22 hours, and stove is cooled to 180 DEG C in inherent 17 hours, comes out of the stove.Can be made directly vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment after coming out of the stove, or store standby batch and carry out vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment.
Vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment specifically includes, and the goods after sintering is put into the vacuum high temperature furnace of built-in graphite crucible, at vacuum 5.5Pa, heating-up temperature 1450, carries out Carburization Treatment 4.5 hours when without phase transformation, is then incubated 8 hours again and makes carburizing uniform, then it is cooled to 180 DEG C, comes out of the stove.After coming out of the stove, blank is roughly ground, the subsequent treatment such as fine grinding to be to obtain qualified special fictile.
In order to improve carburizing effect further, in carrying out vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment, the present embodiment is also embedded with activated carbon powder at the inner surface of graphite crucible, and test confirms that the activated carbon powder of 200-300 order all can meet user demand.It should be noted that the graphite crucible that this example adopts, it is the mould made of high strength graphite, it is possible to meet the process requirement of high-temperature vacuum.
Spy prepared by this example secondary key property of valve of making pottery detects, and result shows, carburizing depth reaches 8mm-10mm, while obtaining black zirconia, finished product color consistency is greatly improved, and appearance is bright and new attractive in appearance, and, hardness is obviously improved, and HRA improves 1-2 degree, brings up to 88-90 from 85-87.Meanwhile, compared to the special pottery not carrying out vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment, after the vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment of this example, the performance such as the hardness of special pottery, bending resistance, fracture toughness, density, impact strength, heatproof all increases.
In the isostatic pressing of this example, as long as being pressurized to 100-200Mpa in 1-5 minute, and pressurize 2-6 minute, and in 1-3 minute, pressure release completes, and can meet forming requirements.Take out blank after when to sintering and remove cover die.In sintering after first one-step forming, sintering temperature 1450-1850 degree, heat up and sintering amount to 16-26 hour all sinterable go out satisfactory special fictile；During cooling, can come out of the stove as long as being cooled to less than 200 DEG C in stove in 16-18 hour.
In the vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment of this example, vacuum, heating-up temperature, heating carburizing time, insulation non-uniform time and chilling temperature etc., it is experimentally verified that vacuum 5-6Pa, heating-up temperature 1400 DEG C-1500 DEG C, Carburization Treatment 4-5 hour, after carburizing completes, it is incubated 3-10 hour, preferred 7-9 hour, carburizing can being made uniform, making pottery valve pair thus preparing the suitable spy of performance, as chilling temperature, generally in stove, come out of the stove as long as being cooled to less than 200 DEG C in 16-18 hour.
Embodiment two
This example is made pottery with zirconium oxide and silicon nitride for raw material preparation spy respectively.Same, it is first according to the spy of routine compound method of making pottery and prepares zirconium oxide respectively and silicon nitride spy makes pottery slurry.With embodiment one the difference is that, this example adopts high pressure injection moulding, and the mode sintered is also slightly different, and all the other are identical with embodiment one.The high pressure injection moulding of this example includes, ceramic size is expelled in high-pressure molding injection molding, locked mode pressure is 150Mpa, with high pressure injection moulding, in degumming stove, at 400 DEG C, degumming is incubated 5.5 hours, loads in air batch-type furnace, and in the crucible of air batch-type furnace, add buried powder, sintered heat insulating 50 hours at 1500 DEG C, are then cooled to 180 DEG C in 18 hours, come out of the stove.Natural cooling after coming out of the stove, then carries out vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment to blank.Wherein, the spy that the material of buried powder is corresponding makes pottery the dry powder of slurry.
Special pottery prepared by this example, the performance such as its hardness, bending resistance, fracture toughness, density, impact strength, heatproof all increases, it is possible to for high pressure, Superhigh Pressure Hydraulic System solenoid directional control valve in.
In this example, confirm through overtesting, locked mode pressure is 50-300Mpa, in degumming stove temperature 50-900 DEG C, degumming is incubated 5-6 hour, then sintered heat insulating more than 48 hours at 1450-1550 DEG C in air batch-type furnace, and prepared spy spool of making pottery all disclosure satisfy that user demand, come out of the stove as cooling, as long as being cooled to less than 200 DEG C in 17-19 hour.
Embodiment three
This example is prepared for a kind of G type spool secondary for solenoid directional control valve valve.The G type spool of this example adopts the preparation method of embodiment two to prepare.The G type spool of this example disclosure satisfy that user demand, it is possible to for more than 63Mpa high pressure, Superhigh Pressure Hydraulic System solenoid directional control valve in.The spy of this example makes pottery G type spool, has filled up solenoid directional control valve and has used the blank of spy's pottery spool；And finished product rate also significantly improves after adopting the preparation method of embodiment two, improve the quality of production and production efficiency.
Embodiment four
This example is prepared for a kind of valve auxiliary structure for big orifice solenoid directional control valve.The big orifice solenoid directional control valve of this example, as in figure 2 it is shown, include valve body 31, valve pocket 32, spool 33 and electromagnet assembly, wherein valve pocket 32 and spool 33, constitute a pair valve auxiliary structure.The valve pocket of this example and spool all adopt the preparation method of embodiment one to prepare.
Valve auxiliary structure, as it is shown on figure 3, include valve pocket 32 and spool 33, this valve pocket 32 has valve pocket chamber 321, and valve pocket chamber 321 wall offers valve pocket oil inlet P 1, two valve pockets actuator port A1, B1 and valve pocket oil return inlet T, it should be noted that actuator port can be more than one, the present embodiment is two.This spool 33 is loaded in valve pocket chamber 321.Spool 33 surface coordinates with the inner wall sealing in valve pocket chamber 321 and forms sliding pair, in sliding process, make valve pocket oil inlet P 1 by the outer surface of spool 33 to connect with the valve pocket actuator port specified, as valve pocket oil inlet P 1 connects with actuator port A1, actuator port B1 and valve pocket oil inlet P 1 disconnect, and actuator port B1 connects with valve pocket oil return inlet T；Or valve pocket oil inlet P 1 connects with actuator port B1 and closes, actuator port A1 and valve pocket oil inlet P 1 disconnect, and actuator port A1 connects with valve pocket oil return inlet T.
Wherein, valve pocket 32 coordinates to refer between spool 33 and valve pocket 32 to be clearance seal with the sealing of spool 33.The latus rectum span of the valve pocket oil-in of the present embodiment, valve pocket actuator port and valve pocket oil return opening is 6.5-20mm, as latus rectum take 6.5,10,20mm etc..Gap sealed gap length is 0.003-0.009mm.
About choosing of hydraulic fluid port latus rectum and gap length, provide several groups of examples here:
1, the latus rectum of valve pocket oil-in, valve pocket actuator port and valve pocket oil return opening is 10mm, gap sealed gap length is 0.003-0.006mm, such as 0.005mm, wherein 0.003mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 120Mpa, 0.005mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 100Mpa, and 0.006mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 70Mpa.
2, the latus rectum of valve pocket oil-in, valve pocket actuator port and valve pocket oil return opening is 20mm, gap sealed gap length is 0.005-0.009mm, wherein 0.005mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 100Mpa, and 0.009mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 50Mpa.
3, the latus rectum of valve pocket oil-in, valve pocket actuator port and valve pocket oil return opening is 20mm, and gap sealed gap length is 0.006-0.007mm, and wherein 0.007mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 70Mpa.
The special ceramic material abrasion resistance that adopts in the present embodiment, life-span, hardness, density, pressure withstanding degree are all greatly improved, there are good self lubricity and corrosion stability, simultaneously because the less performance of expanding with heat and contract with cold of special ceramic material, higher consistency and elasticity modulus, thus processing flatulence of heat type deformation and cold plasticity all less, therefore can operate with latus rectum more thanSolenoid directional control valve, reach seal request.
Owing to spy's valve pair of making pottery can reach clearance seal permissible accuracy, encapsulant that therefore completely can be other, the minim gap directly utilized between movement parts seals.And have gap to exist owing to coordinating between valve pair, so frictional force is little, heating is few, and the life-span is long.Without any encapsulant, so special pottery valve auxiliary structure is simply compact, size is little.
And the spy being made up of this spy's ceramic material makes pottery, valve pair heatproof is significantly high, can use in hot environment.Owing to special ceramic material has good self lubricity, it can be used for various fluid media (medium), also as its good corrosion stability, can be widely applied in the corrosive atmospheres such as acid-alkali salt, such as fields such as ocean, chemical industry, oil.
The performance of expanding with heat and contract with cold that this spy's ceramic material is less, higher consistency and elasticity modulus, thus processing flatulence of heat type deformation and cold plasticity are all less.So, list can reach clearance seal permissible accuracy, also helps and detects and superfinishing size Control online cooperation, it is possible to accomplish the wildcard of spool and valve pocket, it is simple to replacing parts, is suitable for batch production.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 2, valve body 31 has valve body chamber, and the internal chamber wall in valve body chamber has valve body oil inlet P 2, valve body actuator port A2, B2 and valve body oil return opening (not shown).In valve auxiliary structure, valve pocket 32 is fixing is embedded in valve body intracavity, valve pocket oil inlet P 1 connects with valve body oil inlet P 2, valve pocket actuator port A1 connects with valve body actuator port A2, valve pocket actuator port B1 connects with valve body actuator port B2, wherein, 1, two valve pockets actuator port A1, B1 of valve pocket oil inlet P and valve pocket oil return inlet T are adaptive with valve body oil inlet P 2, valve body actuator port A2, B2 and valve body oil return opening latus rectum size respectively.
This electromagnet assembly is divided into the first electromagnet assembly and the second electromagnet assembly, and this first electromagnet assembly includes electric magnet 341, coil 351, plug 361, ejecting mechanism and spring.This second electromagnet assembly includes electric magnet 342, coil 352, plug 362, ejecting mechanism and spring.
Electric magnet acts on spool 33 by ejecting mechanism, makes spool 33 slide in valve pocket chamber 321, connects or close each hydraulic fluid port, thus controlling hydraulic actuator, such as hydraulic stem, hydraulic motor, commutation or start and stop.Namely the switching electricity of electric magnet is utilized to push directly on spool 33 and carry out the connected state of control port and namely utilize electromagnetic attraction to handle spool 33 to replace the control valve in direction.More than simply sketching the control process of this electromagnet assembly, actually to control the Principle of Process of spool identical with existing solenoid directional control valve for this electromagnet assembly, here just no longer superfluous words.
For valve pocket 32 with the internal chamber wall in valve body chamber fixing inlay to adopt be tightly fixed, concrete operations are valve body 31 and valve pocket 32 to be heated, and valve pocket 32 embeds the valve body intracavity of valve body 31 at a certain temperature, cools down the latter two and realize tight fit mosaic texture.
In order to strengthen the fixing of valve pocket 32 and valve body, the outer surface of valve pocket 32 can arrange at least one ring annular groove.
As shown in Figure 4, the shaft shoulder 331 of spool 33 also having balancing slit 332, the quantity of balancing slit is on existing common latus rectum solenoid directional control valve 0.75-1.25 times of balancing slit quantity, for instance be 5～7.Wide 0.1～the 0.3mm of balancing slit, for instance 0.2mm, is 1.0～1.5mm deeply.The purpose arranging balancing slit 332 is to strengthen the uniform property of its radial pressure, reduce flowed friction, increase its centering and reduce leakage.
Excellent engineering characteristic due to the special ceramic material of this special type, less than 120 DEG C to expand substantially zeroed sealing unaffected, and the special ceramic material of special type, its abrasion resistance, life-span, hardness, density, pressure withstanding degree are all greatly improved, and can meet the technical need of high pressure, Superhigh Pressure Hydraulic System solenoid directional control valve.
In addition, this example also adopts the method for embodiment one to be prepared for the valve auxiliary structure for 6mm and the ultra-high pressure solenoid valve of following conventional latus rectum, the physical arrangement of valve auxiliary structure is with reference to the valve auxiliary structure of big orifice solenoid directional control valve, it is distinctive in that, gap sealed gap length is 0.001-0.008mm, wherein 0.001mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 200Mpa, and 0.008mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 50Mpa.Or gap sealed gap length can be 0.002-0.005mm, wherein 0.002mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 150Mpa, and 0.005mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 70Mpa.Or gap sealed gap length can be 0.003-0.004mm, wherein 0.003mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 120Mpa, and 0.004mm gap is applicable to the solenoid directional control valve of below 100Mpa.The test result of conventional latus rectum solenoid directional control valve shows, the solenoid directional control valve that the relative existing metal valve pair of the performance indications such as the conventional commutation ability of solenoid directional control valve of latus rectum, the pressure loss, interior amount of leakage, commutation and resetting time, commutating frequency, service life is made is obviously improved, and can realize the normal use in the high pressure of more than 63Mpa, supertension and super Superhigh Pressure Hydraulic System completely.
Embodiment five
This example is prepared for a kind of plunger pair for super-pressure pump.Adopt the super-pressure pump of the plunger pair of this example, its operating pressure is up to 100-200Mpa, as it is shown in figure 5, super-pressure pump is made up of slippage pump 51, reversal valve 52, low pressure relief valve 53, the pump housing 54, housing 55, swash plate 56, plunger displacement pump wobbler shaft 57, back-moving spring 58, plunger pair 59, oil sucting valve 510, oil suction screw 512, annular oil gathering valve 513 and bottom end cover 514.Wherein plunger pair 59 is as shown in Figure 6, emit 591 including plunger, plunger body 592, plunger bushing 593 and plunger core 594, plunger emits 591 and is arranged at plunger core 594 end, plunger bushing 593 is fixed in the cavity of plunger body 592, plunger core 594 and plunger bushing 593 are in being closely slidably matched, and plunger body 592 and plunger emit 591 employing preparation of metals.Wherein, plunger bushing 593 and plunger core 594 are adopt the spy for preparing of method of embodiment one to make pottery plunger bushing and Te Tao plunger core.
Super-pressure pump is operationally, the machining of plunger pair self and mechanical and physical performance require it is very high, because, plunger pair 59 is fixed on the pump housing 54 together with metal column cock body, plunger displacement pump wobbler shaft 57 turns the/speed high speed rotating of min in 1100-1450 under driven by motor, swash plate 56 and back-moving spring 58 constantly give the plunger core with plunger pair to depress castering action at a high speed repeatedly, thus realizing the suction functional oil of plunger pair.It is not difficult to find out, while plunger core axially-movable, subject bigger side force, so, plunger pair not merely requires extraordinary fit clearance, axiality, fineness, it is ensured that matched in clearance seals, in addition it is also necessary to mechanical and physical performance preferably, especially significantly high impact strength and fracture toughness, this is that generally special ceramic material is beyond one's reach.And adopt spy prepared by the preparation method of embodiment one to make pottery plunger bushing and Te Tao plunger core, the normal use at pump apoplexy due to endogenous wind such as high pressure, ultrahigh-pressure hydraulic plunger displacement pumps can be met completely.
Above content is further description the application made in conjunction with specific embodiment, it is impossible to assert the application be embodied as be confined to these explanations.For the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field; under the premise conceived without departing from the application; some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to the protection domain of the application, such as adopt the present processes to prepare the higher spy of other performance requirement and make pottery product.
Claims (8)
1. a preparation method for special pottery, including first one-step forming and the sintering of ceramic, it is characterised in that: the ceramic after sintering is carried out vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment；Described vacuum high-temperature Carburization Treatment includes, and the ceramic after sintering is put into the vacuum high temperature furnace of built-in graphite crucible, at vacuum 5-6Pa, heating-up temperature 1000 DEG C-1500 DEG C, without carrying out high-temperature carburizing under transition, after high-temperature carburizing, insulation makes carburizing uniform again, and then cooling is come out of the stove；
In the first one-step forming of described ceramic and sintering, described just one-step forming adopts isostatic pressing or adopts high pressure injection moulding；
Described isostatic pressing includes, with dry-pressing formed or extruded prepared special pottery green compact, green compact are put in isostatic pressed high-pressure bottle after installing flexible cover die additional together, container is full of pressure transmission medium, described pressure transmission medium includes water or oil, being pressurized to 100-200Mpa, pressurize 2-6 minute in 1-5 minute, pressure release in 1-3 minute is taken out blank after completing and is removed cover die；Corresponding sintering includes, and the ceramic of first one-step forming is put into sintering furnace sintering, temperature 1450-1850 degree, heats up and sintering amounts to 16-26 hour, and stove inherence is cooled to less than 200 DEG C in 16-18 hour, come out of the stove；
Described high pressure injection moulding includes, with high pressure, ceramic size is expelled to molding in high-pressure molding injection molding, the locked mode pressure of described high-pressure molding injection molding is 50-300Mpa, is placed in degumming stove by the high-pressure molding injection molding having injected ceramic size, and at 50-900 DEG C, degumming is incubated 5-6 hour；Corresponding sintering includes, and is loaded by the ceramic of one-step forming first after degumming in the crucible of air batch-type furnace, is added with buried powder in described crucible, and then sintered heat insulating more than 48 hours at 1450-1550 DEG C are cooled to less than 200 DEG C, come out of the stove in 17-19 hour.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described heating-up temperature is 1400 DEG C-1500 DEG C, and the time of high-temperature carburizing is 4-5 hour；It is 3-10 hour that insulation makes the carburizing uniform time.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described insulation makes the carburizing uniform time be 7-9 hour.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described cooling is come out of the stove specifically, be cooled to less than 200 DEG C in 16-18 hour, comes out of the stove.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the inner surface of described graphite crucible is embedded with the activated carbon powder of 200-300 order.
6. a valve auxiliary structure, it is characterised in that: including valve pocket and spool, described valve pocket and spool is adopt spy prepared by preparation method described in any one of claim 1-5 to make pottery valve pocket and Te Tao spool；Described valve pocket is cylindrical shape, has the valve pocket chamber of cylindrical shape, and the cavity wall in described valve pocket chamber offers valve pocket oil-in, at least one valve pocket actuator port and valve pocket oil return opening；
Described spool is cylindrical, and cylindrical spool is loaded on the valve pocket intracavity of cylindrical shape, and the inwall that the face of cylinder of spool has at least three cannelure, described spool and valve pocket chamber forms sliding pair；Spool and valve pocket are clearance seal, and described gap sealed gap length span is 0.001-0.009mm.
7. a plunger pair, it is characterised in that: including plunger bushing and plunger core, described plunger bushing and plunger core is adopt spy prepared by preparation method described in any one of claim 1-5 to make pottery plunger bushing and Te Tao plunger core；Described plunger bushing is cylindrical shape, has the plunger mantle cavity of cylindrical shape, and described plunger core is cylindrical, and cylindrical plunger core is loaded on the plunger bushing intracavity of cylindrical shape；Described plunger pair latus rectum span is 4-67mm；
Described plunger core and plunger bushing are clearance seal, and described gap sealed gap length span is 0.002-0.016mm；
The cavity wall of described plunger mantle cavity offers oil-in and oil-out, and cylindrical plunger core surface configuration has some annular balancing slits or helical oil groove；Or the cavity wall of described plunger mantle cavity and cylindrical plunger core surface are bright finish.
8. plunger pair according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described gap sealed gap length span is 0.003-0.012mm.
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| CN104496548B (en) * | 2014-12-27 | 2017-05-17 | 株洲茂翔硬质合金有限公司 | Metal ceramic surface treating method |
| WO2017008250A1 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-19 | 广东华液动力科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing special ceramic, valve pair structure and piston pair |
| CN105330266B (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2018-06-26 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of dentation special-shaped ceramics |
| CN106247003B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-06-26 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of spool and valve pocket friction subcomponent and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1108229A (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1995-09-13 | 裕东企业株式会社 | Method for carburizing ceramic sliding material |
| CN102826481A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-19 | 四川盛堡机电科技有限责任公司 | Ultrahigh-pressure powerful jack |
| CN103724051A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-04-16 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Carburizing method for oxide ceramic |
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| CN103833355B (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2015-04-29 | 佛山市东方智柏纳米材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method for black ZrAlYOC ceramic gland die with novel structure |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1108229A (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1995-09-13 | 裕东企业株式会社 | Method for carburizing ceramic sliding material |
| CN102826481A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-19 | 四川盛堡机电科技有限责任公司 | Ultrahigh-pressure powerful jack |
| CN103724051A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-04-16 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Carburizing method for oxide ceramic |
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