CN104103913A - Small Planar Inverted F Loaded Array Antenna - Google Patents
Small Planar Inverted F Loaded Array Antenna Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了小型平面倒F加载阵列天线，包括天线罩、金属板和基座，金属板紧贴在基座上表面，天线罩固定在基座上，还包括四个平面倒F天线、中心加载体和四个无源金属去耦模块；四个平面倒F天线均匀排布在金属板上表面形成方形平面倒F天线阵列，中心加载体位于方形平面倒F天线阵列中心且与金属板上表面连接。本发明方形平面倒F天线阵列中心设置中心加载体：无源金属体或者中心加载平面倒F天线，以展宽天线带宽；在平面倒F天线间均匀添加一个无源金属去耦模块以削弱耦合；本发明在较宽频率范围内实现两种辐射模式的切换：定向90°波束扫描和全向360°波束扫描；该天线效率高、天线结构稳定、减小了天线的尺寸且结构简单。
The invention discloses a small planar inverted-F loaded array antenna, which includes a radome, a metal plate and a base, the metal plate is closely attached to the upper surface of the base, the radome is fixed on the base, and four planar inverted-F antennas, a center Loading body and four passive metal decoupling modules; four planar inverted F antennas are evenly arranged on the surface of the metal plate to form a square planar inverted F antenna array, and the central loading body is located in the center of the square planar inverted F antenna array and connected to the metal plate surface connection. The center of the square planar inverted-F antenna array of the present invention is provided with a central loading body: a passive metal body or a centrally loaded planar inverted-F antenna to widen the antenna bandwidth; a passive metal decoupling module is evenly added between the planar inverted-F antennas to weaken the coupling; The invention realizes switching of two radiation modes in a wide frequency range: directional 90° beam scanning and omnidirectional 360° beam scanning; the antenna has high efficiency, stable antenna structure, reduced antenna size and simple structure.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及阵列天线领域，特别是小型平面倒F加载阵列天线。 The invention relates to the field of array antennas, in particular to small planar inverted-F loading array antennas.
背景技术 Background technique
天线在飞机通信系统中一直占据着无可取替代的地位，在机载通信系统中，往往需要天线具有特殊的方向图以满足特定工作的需要，而阵列天线技术通过控制天线辐射单元的排布、天线辐射单元的幅度、相位分布可以方便地实现天线波束赋型并获取高功率、高增益的特性。飞机天线受高空环境的限制，天线的尺寸要小，剖面要低，并且需要满足极化和方向图等电性能要求。传统的机载阵列天线的设计常采用线型/平面微带阵列或波导缝隙阵列设计，微带阵列天线有导体和介质损耗，容易激励表面波，导致辐射效率低，天线辐射距离近，在较低频段，微带天线的尺寸大，这与机载天线小尺寸设计原则相矛盾；对于波导缝隙阵，阵元间耦合影响是比较大的，必须考虑内部和外部耦合效应，在实际应用中，通过实验测量阵元间的耦合误差较大，而且实验工作量很大，并且波导缝隙阵列天线很难实现宽频段和宽波束扫描。 The antenna has always occupied an irreplaceable position in the aircraft communication system. In the airborne communication system, the antenna is often required to have a special pattern to meet the needs of specific work. The array antenna technology controls the arrangement of the antenna radiation unit, The amplitude and phase distribution of the antenna radiation unit can conveniently realize the antenna beam forming and obtain the characteristics of high power and high gain. Aircraft antennas are limited by the high-altitude environment. The size of the antenna should be small, the profile should be low, and it needs to meet the electrical performance requirements such as polarization and pattern. The design of traditional airborne array antenna often adopts linear/planar microstrip array or waveguide slot array design. Microstrip array antenna has conductor and dielectric loss, which is easy to excite surface waves, resulting in low radiation efficiency and short antenna radiation distance. In the low-frequency band, the size of the microstrip antenna is large, which contradicts the small-size design principle of the airborne antenna; for the waveguide slot array, the coupling effect between the array elements is relatively large, and the internal and external coupling effects must be considered. In practical applications, The coupling error between the array elements is measured through experiments, and the experimental workload is very large, and it is difficult for the waveguide slot array antenna to realize wide-band and wide-beam scanning.
平面倒F阵列天线与其它的阵列天线相比优点在于：无需附加匹配电路，结构紧凑，体积小，重量轻，成本低，单个天线方向图在水平方向上具有全向性，组成阵列后容易实现宽波束通信。但传统的平面倒F天线带宽较窄，在有限的空间范围内组成阵列后由于天线单元间的强烈耦合造成了天线辐射能量的耗散，天线辐射效率低，方向图往往不能满足实际应用。如何解决现有技术的不足已成为阵列天线领域亟待解决的一大难题。 Compared with other array antennas, the planar inverted F array antenna has the following advantages: no additional matching circuit, compact structure, small size, light weight, low cost, single antenna pattern has omnidirectionality in the horizontal direction, and is easy to realize after forming an array Wide beam communication. However, the traditional planar inverted-F antenna has a narrow bandwidth. After forming an array in a limited space range, the radiation energy of the antenna is dissipated due to the strong coupling between the antenna elements. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is low, and the pattern often cannot meet the practical application. How to solve the deficiencies of the prior art has become a major problem to be solved urgently in the field of array antennas.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术的不足而提供了小型平面倒F加载阵列天线。本发明天线能够在较宽频率范围内实现两种辐射模式的切换：定向90°波束扫描和全向360°波束扫描，该天线效率高、结构简单、稳定且体积小。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a small planar inverted-F loaded array antenna in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art. The antenna of the invention can switch between two radiation modes in a wide frequency range: directional 90° beam scanning and omnidirectional 360° beam scanning, and the antenna has high efficiency, simple structure, stability and small volume.
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案： The present invention adopts the following technical solutions for solving the problems of the technologies described above:
根据本发明提出的小型平面倒F加载阵列天线，包括天线罩、金属板和基座，金属板紧贴在基座上表面，天线罩固定在基座上，还包括四个平面倒F天线、中心加载体和四个无源金属去耦模块； The small planar inverted F loaded array antenna proposed according to the present invention includes a radome, a metal plate and a base, the metal plate is closely attached to the upper surface of the base, the radome is fixed on the base, and four planar inverted F antennas, Central loading body and four passive metal decoupling modules;
其中，四个平面倒F天线均匀排布在金属板上表面构成方形平面倒F天线阵列，中心加载体位于方形平面倒F天线阵列中心且与金属板上表面连接，四个无源金属去耦模块均匀排布在四个平面倒F天线之间并与金属板上表面连接。 Among them, four planar inverted F antennas are evenly arranged on the surface of the metal plate to form a square planar inverted F antenna array, the central loading body is located in the center of the square planar inverted F antenna array and connected to the upper surface of the metal plate, and the four passive metal decoupling The modules are evenly arranged among the four planar inverted F antennas and connected with the upper surface of the metal plate.
作为本发明的小型平面倒F加载阵列天线进一步的优化方案，所述中心加载体为无源金属体。 As a further optimization scheme of the small planar inverted-F loaded array antenna of the present invention, the central loading body is a passive metal body.
作为本发明的小型平面倒F加载阵列天线进一步的优化方案，所述无源金属体包括圆形金属片和金属柱，圆形金属片设置于金属柱上，金属柱与金属板上表面连接。 As a further optimization scheme of the small planar inverted-F loaded array antenna of the present invention, the passive metal body includes a circular metal sheet and a metal column, the circular metal sheet is arranged on the metal column, and the metal column is connected to the upper surface of the metal plate.
作为本发明的小型平面倒F加载阵列天线进一步的优化方案，所述中心加载体为中心加载平面倒F天线。 As a further optimization scheme of the small planar inverted-F loaded array antenna of the present invention, the central loading body is a centrally loaded planar inverted-F antenna.
作为本发明的小型平面倒F加载阵列天线进一步的优化方案，所述无源金属去耦模块为铜柱。 As a further optimization scheme of the small planar inverted-F loaded array antenna of the present invention, the passive metal decoupling module is a copper pillar.
作为本发明的小型平面倒F加载阵列天线进一步的优化方案，所述金属板为铜板，基座为铝基座。 As a further optimization scheme of the small planar inverted-F loaded array antenna of the present invention, the metal plate is a copper plate, and the base is an aluminum base.
作为本发明的小型平面倒F加载阵列天线进一步的优化方案，所述天线罩采用环氧玻璃钢天线罩。 As a further optimization scheme of the small planar inverted-F loaded array antenna of the present invention, the radome adopts an epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic radome.
作为本发明的小型平面倒F加载阵列天线进一步的优化方案，所述平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为椭圆形或圆形或矩形或矩形与梯形的组合。 As a further optimization scheme of the small planar inverted-F loaded array antenna of the present invention, the metal radiation plane of the planar inverted-F antenna is elliptical or circular or rectangular or a combination of rectangular and trapezoidal.
作为本发明的小型平面倒F加载阵列天线进一步的优化方案，所述中心加载平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为曲线构成的四边形。 As a further optimization scheme of the small planar inverted-F loaded array antenna of the present invention, the metal radiation plane of the centrally loaded planar inverted-F antenna is a quadrilateral formed by curves.
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：本发明采用四个平面倒F天线构成方形平面倒F天线阵列，在方形平面倒F天线阵列中心设置中心加载体：无源金属体或者中心加载平面倒F天线，以展宽天线带宽；在方形平面倒F天线阵列间均匀添加无源金属去耦模块以削弱耦合，平面倒F天线辐射平面紧贴介质天线罩，不仅使天线结构稳定，而且减小了天线的尺寸；本发明的天线在较宽频率范围内实现两种辐射模式的切换：定向90°波束扫描和全向360°波束扫描；该天线效率高、结构简单、稳定且体积小。 Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical scheme and has the following technical effects: the present invention adopts four planar inverted F antennas to form a square planar inverted F antenna array, and a central loading body is arranged in the center of the square planar inverted F antenna array: passive The metal body or the center loads the planar inverted F antenna to widen the antenna bandwidth; uniformly add passive metal decoupling modules between the square planar inverted F antenna arrays to weaken the coupling, and the radiation plane of the planar inverted F antenna is close to the dielectric radome, which not only makes the antenna The structure is stable, and the size of the antenna is reduced; the antenna of the present invention realizes switching of two radiation modes in a wide frequency range: directional 90° beam scanning and omnidirectional 360° beam scanning; the antenna has high efficiency, simple structure, Stable and small in size.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明中心加载体为无源金属体的阵列天线结构示意图。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an array antenna in which the central loading body is a passive metal body according to the present invention.
图2是本发明中心加载体为中心加载平面倒F天线的阵列天线结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an array antenna in which the central loading body is the central loading plane inverted-F antenna of the present invention.
图3是平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为椭圆形的平面示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view in which the metal radiation plane of the planar inverted-F antenna is an ellipse.
图4是平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为圆形的平面示意图。 Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view in which the metal radiation plane of the planar inverted-F antenna is circular.
图5是平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为矩形的平面示意图。 Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view in which the metal radiation plane of the planar inverted-F antenna is a rectangle.
图6是平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为矩形与梯形组成的平面示意图。 Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view in which the metal radiation plane of the planar inverted-F antenna is composed of a rectangle and a trapezoid.
图7是平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为斜拉顶板方式的的平面示意图。 Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of the metal radiation plane of the planar inverted F antenna in the form of a cable-stayed roof.
图8是中心加载体为无源金属体平面示意图。 Fig. 8 is a schematic plan view showing that the central loading body is a passive metal body.
图9是中心加载体为中心加载平面倒F天线平面示意图。 Fig. 9 is a schematic plan view of a plane inverted-F antenna with a central loading body as the central loading body.
图10为四个TNC接头中的一个作为馈电端口，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的驻波比曲线图。 Figure 10 is a standing wave ratio curve when one of the four TNC connectors is used as a feed port and the other three TNC connectors are connected to a 50Ω load.
图11为同时给四个TNC接头馈入幅度相等，相位相差90°信号时的驻波比曲线图。 Figure 11 is a graph of standing wave ratio when four TNC connectors are simultaneously fed with signals with equal amplitude and 90° phase difference.
图12为四个TNC接头中的一个作为馈电端口，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的方向图：(a)为给0°方向的TNC接头馈电，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的方向图，(b)为给90°方向的TNC接头馈电，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的方向图，(c)为给180°方向的TNC接头馈电，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的方向图，(d)为给270°方向的TNC接头馈电，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的方向图。 Figure 12 is a direction diagram of one of the four TNC connectors as a feed port, and the other three TNC connectors are connected to a 50Ω load: (a) feeds power to the TNC connector in the 0° direction, and the remaining three TNC connectors are connected to a 50Ω load Direction diagram, (b) is the direction diagram for feeding power to the TNC connector in the 90° direction, and the remaining three TNC connectors are connected to a 50Ω load, (c) is feeding power to the TNC connector in the 180° direction, and the remaining three TNC connectors are connected to 50Ω The direction diagram of the load, (d) is the direction diagram of feeding power to the TNC connector in the 270° direction, and connecting the other three TNC connectors to a 50Ω load.
图13为同时给四个TNC接头馈入幅度相等，相位相差90°信号时的方向图。 Figure 13 is a directional diagram when four TNC connectors are simultaneously fed with signals with equal amplitude and 90° phase difference.
附图标记：1-天线罩，2-金属板，3-基座，4-平面倒F天线，5-无源金属体，6-中心加载平面倒F天线，7-无源金属去耦模块，8-圆形金属片，9-金属柱，10-平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面，11-中心加载平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面，12-同轴TNC接头。 Reference signs: 1-radome, 2-metal plate, 3-base, 4-planar inverted-F antenna, 5-passive metal body, 6-center-loaded planar inverted-F antenna, 7-passive metal decoupling module , 8-round metal sheet, 9-metal post, 10-metal radiation plane of plane inverted F antenna, 11-metal radiation plane of center-loaded plane inverted F antenna, 12-coaxial TNC connector.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明： Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
如图1所示是本发明中心加载体为无源金属体的阵列天线结构示意图，小型平面倒F加载阵列天线，包括天线罩1、金属板2和基座3，金属板2紧贴在基座3上表面，天线罩1固定在基座3上，还包括四个平面倒F天线4、中心加载体和四个无源金属去耦模块7；其中，四个平面倒F天线4均匀排布在金属板2上表面构成方形平面倒F天线阵列，中心加载体位于方形平面倒F天线阵列中心且与金属板3上表面连接，四个无源金属去耦模块7固定在金属板2上且均匀排布在四个平面倒F天线4之间。中心加载体为无源金属体5，无源金属去耦模块7为铜柱，可以削弱天线间的耦合。 As shown in Figure 1, it is the structure diagram of the array antenna whose central loading body is a passive metal body of the present invention, the small plane inverted F loading array antenna includes a radome 1, a metal plate 2 and a base 3, and the metal plate 2 is close to the base On the upper surface of the seat 3, the radome 1 is fixed on the base 3, and also includes four planar inverted F antennas 4, a central loading body and four passive metal decoupling modules 7; wherein, the four planar inverted F antennas 4 are evenly arranged Distributed on the upper surface of the metal plate 2 to form a square plane inverted F antenna array, the central loading body is located in the center of the square plane inverted F antenna array and connected to the upper surface of the metal plate 3, and four passive metal decoupling modules 7 are fixed on the metal plate 2 And they are evenly arranged among the four planar inverted-F antennas 4 . The central loading body is a passive metal body 5, and the passive metal decoupling module 7 is a copper column, which can weaken the coupling between antennas.
如图1所示，金属板2可为方形金属板，大小为120mm*120mm，平面倒F天线4包括金属辐射平面、短路柱和馈电柱，金属辐射平面为椭圆结构，辐射平面中心到金属板中心水平距离为47.5mm，并且椭圆辐射平面的长轴和短轴均垂直于金属板边，四个平面倒F天线4关于方形金属板各边的中线均对称，构成方形平面倒F天线阵列，中心加载体位于方形平面倒F天线阵列中心且与金属板3上表面连接，四个无源金属去耦模块7均匀排布在四个平面倒F天线4之间且与金属板2上表面相连，无源金属去耦模块中心与方形金属板中心的水平距离为67.88mm,并且总有一条穿过无源金属去耦模块7表面圆直径的直线与方形金属板上表面对角线平行，四个无源金属去耦模块7之间关于方形金属板上表面对角线对称。中心加载体为无源金属体5。无源金属去耦模块7为铜柱，可以削弱天线间的耦合。 As shown in Figure 1, the metal plate 2 can be a square metal plate with a size of 120mm*120mm. The planar inverted F antenna 4 includes a metal radiation plane, a short-circuit column and a feed column. The horizontal distance between the center of the plate is 47.5 mm, and the long axis and short axis of the elliptical radiation plane are perpendicular to the edge of the metal plate, and the four planar inverted F antennas 4 are symmetrical about the center line of each side of the square metal plate, forming a square planar inverted F antenna array , the central loading body is located in the center of the square planar inverted-F antenna array and connected to the upper surface of the metal plate 3, and the four passive metal decoupling modules 7 are evenly arranged between the four planar inverted-F antennas 4 and connected to the upper surface of the metal plate 2 Connected, the horizontal distance between the center of the passive metal decoupling module and the center of the square metal plate is 67.88mm, and there is always a straight line passing through the diameter of the surface circle of the passive metal decoupling module 7 and parallel to the diagonal line on the surface of the square metal plate, The four passive metal decoupling modules 7 are symmetrical about the upper diagonal of the square metal plate. The central loading body is a passive metal body 5 . The passive metal decoupling module 7 is a copper pillar, which can weaken the coupling between antennas.
图2是本发明中心加载体为中心加载平面倒F天线的阵列天线结构示意图，中心加载体为中心加载平面倒F天线6。 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an array antenna in which the central loading body is the central loading plane inverted-F antenna of the present invention, and the central loading body is the central loading plane inverted-F antenna 6 .
图3是平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为椭圆形的平面示意图，图4是平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为圆形的平面示意图，图5是平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为矩形的平面示意图，图6是平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为矩形与梯形组成的平面示意图，图7是平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面为斜拉顶板方式的的平面示意图。平面倒F天线包括金属辐射平面，短路柱和馈电柱，这五幅图均为平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面10为椭圆形或圆形或矩形或矩形与梯形的组合。 Fig. 3 is a plane schematic diagram in which the metal radiation plane of the plane inverted F antenna is an ellipse, and Fig. 4 is a plane diagram in which the metal radiation plane of the plane inverted F antenna is a circle, and Fig. 5 is a plane diagram in which the metal radiation plane of the plane inverted F antenna is rectangular A schematic plan view, Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the metal radiation plane of the plane inverted F antenna composed of a rectangle and a trapezoid, and Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of the metal radiation plane of the plane inverted F antenna in the form of a cable-stayed roof. The planar inverted-F antenna includes a metal radiation plane, a short-circuit post and a feed post, and the metal radiation plane 10 of the planar inverted-F antenna in these five figures is elliptical or circular or rectangular or a combination of a rectangular and a trapezoid.
图8是中心加载体为无源金属体平面示意图，无源金属体5包括圆形金属片8和金属柱9，圆形金属片8设置于金属柱9上，金属柱9与金属板2上表面连接。图9是中心加载体为中心加载平面倒F天线平面示意图，中心加载平面倒F天线6包括金属辐射平面、短路柱、馈电柱，中心加载平面倒F天线的金属辐射平面11为曲线构成的四边形。 Fig. 8 is a schematic plan view of the central loading body as a passive metal body. The passive metal body 5 includes a circular metal sheet 8 and a metal column 9, the circular metal sheet 8 is arranged on the metal column 9, and the metal column 9 and the metal plate 2 surface connection. Fig. 9 is a plane schematic diagram of the center loading plane inverted F antenna with the center loading body, the center loading plane inverted F antenna 6 includes a metal radiation plane, a short-circuit post, and a feeding post, and the metal radiation plane 11 of the center loading plane inverted F antenna is formed by a curve quadrilateral.
金属板2为铜板；基座3为铝基座，可减轻天线重量。天线罩1采用环氧玻璃钢天线罩，环氧玻璃钢的天线罩紧贴方形平面倒F天线阵列有效减少平面倒F天线金属辐射平面10的大小并降低了天线的整体高度。 The metal plate 2 is a copper plate; the base 3 is an aluminum base, which can reduce the weight of the antenna. The radome 1 adopts epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic radome, and the epoxy glass fiber reinforced plastic radome is close to the square plane inverted-F antenna array, effectively reducing the size of the metal radiation plane 10 of the plane inverted-F antenna and reducing the overall height of the antenna.
图10为四个TNC接头中的一个作为馈电端口，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的驻波比曲线图。图11为同时给四个TNC接头馈入幅度相等，相位相差90°信号时的驻波比曲线图。图12为四个TNC接头中的一个作为馈电端口，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的方向图：(a)为给0°方向的TNC接头馈电，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的方向图，(b)为给90°方向的TNC接头馈电，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的方向图，(c)为给180°方向的TNC接头馈电，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的方向图，(d)为给270°方向的TNC接头馈电，其余3个TNC接头连接50Ω负载的方向图。图13为同时给四个TNC接头馈入幅度相等，相位相差90°信号时的方向图。本发明均能在较宽的频带范围内实现天线的定向/全向的切换。 Figure 10 is a standing wave ratio curve when one of the four TNC connectors is used as a feed port and the other three TNC connectors are connected to a 50Ω load. Figure 11 is a graph of standing wave ratio when four TNC connectors are simultaneously fed with signals with equal amplitude and 90° phase difference. Figure 12 is a direction diagram of one of the four TNC connectors as a feed port, and the other three TNC connectors are connected to a 50Ω load: (a) feeds power to the TNC connector in the 0° direction, and the remaining three TNC connectors are connected to a 50Ω load Direction diagram, (b) is the direction diagram for feeding power to the TNC connector in the 90° direction, and the remaining three TNC connectors are connected to a 50Ω load, (c) is feeding power to the TNC connector in the 180° direction, and the remaining three TNC connectors are connected to 50Ω The direction diagram of the load, (d) is the direction diagram of feeding power to the TNC connector in the 270° direction, and connecting the other three TNC connectors to a 50Ω load. Figure 13 is a directional diagram when four TNC connectors are simultaneously fed with signals with equal amplitude and 90° phase difference. The present invention can realize the directional/omnidirectional switching of the antenna within a wider frequency band range.
本发明采用四个同轴TNC接头12穿过基座3并且分别与四个平面倒F天线4的馈电柱连接，当通过任意一个TNC接头12给平面倒F天线4馈电柱馈电，其它端口连接50Ω负载时，可以实现天线90°波束定向扫描，当同时给四个平面倒F天线4馈入幅度相等但相位相差90°的信号时，天线可以实现360°全向波束扫描；本发明天线采用如图2所示的使用中心加载平面倒F天线6方式也能实现定向和全向的切换，该中心加载平面倒F天线6包括四边均为曲线的金属辐射平面、短路柱、馈电柱，当给四周任意一个平面倒F天线4馈电时可以实现天线90°波束扫描，此时中心加载体相当于无源金属体5所起的功能，可增加天线带宽，当单独给中心加载平面倒F天线10馈电时可以实现全向360°波束扫描。本发明均能在较宽的带宽范围内实现天线的定向/全向的切换。 The present invention adopts four coaxial TNC connectors 12 to pass through the base 3 and are respectively connected to the feeding columns of the four planar inverted F antennas 4. When any TNC connector 12 is used to feed the feeding columns of the planar inverted F antenna 4, When the other port is connected to a 50Ω load, the antenna can realize 90° beam directional scanning. When the four planar inverted F antennas 4 are simultaneously fed with signals with equal amplitude but 90° phase difference, the antenna can realize 360° omnidirectional beam scanning; The inventive antenna adopts the method of using the center-loaded plane inverted F antenna 6 as shown in Figure 2 to also be able to realize directional and omnidirectional switching. The electric column, when feeding any plane inverted F antenna 4 around, can realize the antenna 90° beam scanning. At this moment, the center loading body is equivalent to the function played by the passive metal body 5, which can increase the antenna bandwidth. When feeding the center alone Omni-directional 360° beam scanning can be realized when the planar inverted-F antenna 10 is fed. The present invention can realize the directional/omnidirectional switching of the antenna within a wider bandwidth range.
具体实现方式可分为以下几步：第一步，将四个平面倒F天线4的短路柱底部、中心加载体，四个无源金属去耦模块7底部打上螺纹孔，然后用螺丝固定于金属板2上；第二步，将金属板2放置于基座3上，基座3打孔方便第一步中的螺丝沉入孔中，保证基座3与金属板2间不留缝隙，在金属板2及基座3四周打孔，并用螺钉固定；第三步，将四个同轴TNC接头12穿过底部打孔的基座3，与平面倒F天线4的馈电柱相连接，并将同轴TNC接头12四周加螺钉固定在金属板2上；第四步，将天线罩1用螺钉固定在基座3上。 The specific implementation method can be divided into the following steps: the first step, the bottom of the short-circuit column of the four plane inverted F antennas 4, the central loading body, and the bottoms of the four passive metal decoupling modules 7 are threaded, and then fixed on the On the metal plate 2; in the second step, place the metal plate 2 on the base 3, and drill holes in the base 3 to facilitate sinking the screws in the first step into the holes, so as to ensure that there is no gap between the base 3 and the metal plate 2. Drill holes around the metal plate 2 and the base 3 and fix them with screws; in the third step, connect the four coaxial TNC connectors 12 through the base 3 perforated at the bottom, and connect them to the feeding column of the plane inverted F antenna 4 , and fix the coaxial TNC connector 12 on the metal plate 2 with screws around it; the fourth step is to fix the radome 1 on the base 3 with screws.
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能为此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内。 The above embodiments are only to illustrate the technical ideas of the present invention, and cannot limit the scope of protection of the present invention for this reason. Any changes made on the basis of technical solutions according to the technical ideas proposed in the present invention all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Inside.
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