CN104103806B - WS2Nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode and preparation method - Google Patents
WS2Nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of WS2-Nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode and preparation method thereof, its electrochemistry storage lithium active substance is WS2-Nanometer watt/composite nano materials of Graphene, WS in composite nano materials2Nanometer watt and the ratio of amount of substance of Graphene be 1:2, WS2Nanometer watt for few number of plies, the average number of plies 4 layers, the component of combination electrode and mass percentage content thereof be: WS2Nanometer watt/graphene composite nano material 80-85%, acetylene black 5-10%, Kynoar 10%。Preparation process: first prepare WS2Nanometer watt/Graphene compound obligatory presentation copy material, by prepared WS2-Nanometer watt/graphene composite nano material and acetylene black and Kynoar furnishing pastel, being coated onto on Copper Foil rolling obtains electrode。Electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode prepared by the present invention has high electrochemistry storage lithium capacity, excellent cycle performance and the multiplying power property of enhancing。
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrochemistry storage lithium electrode and preparation method thereof, particularly relate to WS2Nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium method for preparing composite electrode, belong to new energy materials and application thereof。
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has the excellent properties such as high specific energy, memory-less effect, environmental friendliness, is widely used in the Portable movable electrical equipment such as mobile phone and notebook computer。As electrokinetic cell, lithium ion battery is also with a wide range of applications in electric bicycle, electric automobile and intelligent grid etc.。The negative material of current lithium ion battery mainly adopts graphite material (such as graphite microspheres, natural modified graphite and Delanium etc.), these graphite materials have good stable circulation performance, but its capacity is relatively low, the theoretical capacity of graphite is 372mAh/g。Capacity and the stable circulation performance of electrode material are had higher requirement by a new generation's lithium ion battery, the performance of lithium ion battery is heavily dependent on the project of electrode material, especially the performance of negative material, do not require nothing more than negative material and there is high electrochemistry storage lithium specific capacity, and there is stable circulation performance and the high-rate characteristics of excellence。
Two-dimension nano materials has the characteristic of numerous excellence with the pattern of its uniqueness, and its research causes the great interest of people。Graphene is most typical two-dimension nano materials, and the two-dimensional nano chip architecture of its uniqueness makes the performances such as the physics of its numerous uniquenesses, chemistry and mechanics, has important scientific research meaning and technology application prospect widely。Graphene has high specific surface area, high conduction and heat conductivility, high charge mobility, excellent mechanical property, the characteristic of these excellences makes Graphene be with a wide range of applications in micro-nano electronic device, energy storage material and novel catalyst carrier etc., and the application that nearest Graphene and material thereof store lithium as electrochemistry obtains greatly paying close attention to of people。
WS2Have with graphite-like like layer structure, be the S-Mo-S that combines of very strong covalent bond in its layer, be then more weak Van der Waals force between layers。WS2More weak interlaminar action power and bigger interlamellar spacing allow by insertion reaction at its interlayer external atom of introducing or molecule。Such characteristic makes WS2Material can as the material of main part of insertion reaction。Therefore, WS2It is a kind of rising electrochemical lithium storage and the electrode material of electrochemistry storage magnesium。
The immense success that the discovery of Graphene and research thereof obtain excites the great interest that other inorganic two-dimension nano materials are studied by people, such as the transition metal dichalcogenide etc. of monolayer or few number of plies。Recently, Graphene concept has expanded to the inorganic compound of other layer structures from material with carbon element, namely for the inorganic material of layer structure, when its number of plies reduces (less than 8 layers), when especially reducing to monolayer, its electronic property or band structure can produce obvious change, thus causing which show the physics different from corresponding body phase material and chemical characteristic。Except Graphene, research shows to work as body phase WS2Reduce to few number of plies (especially during monolayer), it is shown that with the visibly different physics of body phase material, chemistry and electronics property。Studies have reported that monolayer or the WS of few number of plies2There is better electrochemistry storage lithium performance。But the electrode material of lithium, WS is store as electrochemistry2Electric conductivity low between layers have impact on the performance of its application。
Due to WS2Nanometer sheet has similar two-dimensional nano sheet pattern with Graphene, and both have good similarity on microscopic appearance and crystal structure。If by WS2Nanometer sheet and Graphene compound prepare both composites, the high conduction performance of graphene nanometer sheet can improve the electric conductivity of composite further, strengthen the electron transmission in electrochemistry storage lithium electrode course of reaction, it is possible to improve the electrochemistry storage lithium performance of composite further。With common WS2Nanometer sheet compares, the WS of little nanometer tiles pattern2Not only there is more edge, it is provided that more short lithium ion diffusion admittance, and load is on Graphene, has more contact area with electrolyte。Therefore WS2Nanometer watt/composite nano materials of Graphene can show the electrochemistry storage lithium performance being obviously enhanced。
But, up to the present, use WS2Nanometer watt/graphene composite nano material stores lithium combination electrode and preparation thereof as the electrochemistry of electroactive substance and have not been reported。First the present invention is raw material with graphene oxide and sulfo-ammonium tungstate, the hydrothermal method assisted by Gemini surface active agent and heat treatment subsequently, is prepared for WS2Nanometer watt/composite nano materials of Graphene, then use WS2Nanometer watt/composite nano materials of Graphene stores the active substance of lithium as electrochemistry, is prepared for the combination electrode of electrochemistry storage lithium。This preparation WS2Nanometer watt/method of graphene composite nano material electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode has simple, convenient and is easily enlarged industrial applications a little。
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of WS2Nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode and preparation method thereof, the electrochemistry storage lithium active substance of this combination electrode is WS2-Nanometer watt/composite nano materials of Graphene, WS in composite nano materials2Nanometer watt/ratio of the amount of substance of Graphene is 1:2, described WS2Nanometer watt for the layer structure of few number of plies, the component of combination electrode and mass percentage content thereof be: WS2Nanometer watt/graphene composite nano material 80-85%, acetylene black 5-10%, Kynoar 5-10%。
In technique scheme, the layer structure of few number of plies refers to the number of plies layer structure 6 layers or less than 6 layers, described WS2Nanometer watt the average number of plies be 4 layers。
Above-mentioned WS2Nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode preparation method sequentially include the following steps:
(1) by graphene oxide ultrasonic disperse in deionized water, add the double; two ammonium bromide (see accompanying drawing 1) of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine, and be sufficiently stirred for, then Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate it are sequentially added into, and be stirred continuously and make Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate be completely dissolved, the ratio of the amount of substance of Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate consumption is 5:1, and the ratio of sulfo-ammonium tungstate and the amount of substance of graphene oxide is 1:2;
(2) mixed dispersion that step (1) obtains is transferred in hydrothermal reaction kettle, and add deionized water and adjust volume to the 80% of hydrothermal reaction kettle nominal volume, the concentration of the double, two ammonium bromide of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine is 0.01 ~ 0.02mol/L, the content of graphene oxide is 31.25-62.0mmol/L, this reactor is put in constant temperature oven, at 230-250 DEG C after hydro-thermal reaction 24h, it is allowed to naturally cool to room temperature, hydro-thermal solid product is collected with centrifugation, and fully wash with deionized water, vacuum drying at 100 DEG C, by the hydro-thermal solid product that obtains in nitrogen/hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 800 DEG C heat treatment 2h, in mixing gas, hydrogen volume mark is 10%, finally prepare WS2Nanometer watt/composite nano materials of Graphene;
(3) by the WS of above-mentioned preparation2Nanometer watt/graphene composite nano material as electrode electrochemistry store lithium active substance, under agitation being sufficiently mixed the uniform pastel of furnishing with the N-Methyl pyrrolidone solution of acetylene black and the Kynoar of mass fraction 5%, each constituent mass percentage ratio is: WS2Nanometer watt/graphene composite nano material 80-85%, acetylene black 5-10%, Kynoar 10%, this pastel is coated onto equably on the Copper Foil of collector, dry, rolling obtains electrode。
Above-mentioned graphene oxide adopts the Hummers method improved to prepare。
The hydrothermal method with the double; two ammonium bromide assistance of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine of the present invention prepares WS2Nanometer watt/method of graphene composite nano material have the advantage that surface of graphene oxide and edge with a lot of oxygen-containing functional groups (such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl), these oxygen-containing functional groups make graphene oxide more easily be dispersed in water or organic liquid, but these oxygen-containing functional groups make surface of graphene oxide with negative charge so that graphene oxide and the WS with negative charge4 2-Ion is incompatible, and double; two for Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine ammonium bromide are first adsorbed onto surface of graphene oxide by electrostatic interaction by the present invention so that it is with part positive charge, due to electrostatic interaction, WS4 2-Ion is just easy to interact with the graphene oxide having adsorbed Gemini surface active agent combine。The more important thing is, compared with common single cationic surfactant, the double; two ammonium bromide of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine there are 2 positively charged quaternary ammonium hydrophilic groups, there is enough hydrophilic, and there is between electronegative graphene oxide higher mutual electrostatic interaction;The double; two ammonium bromide of N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine also has 2 hydrophobic long alkyl chain groups (see accompanying drawing 1), and its hydrophobicity is higher。The double; two ammonium bromide of N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine is adsorbed on graphenic surface, and its hydrophobic group exists (see accompanying drawing 2) with irregular " brush head " form of bending, and this version result in water-heat process and the heat treatment back loading WS at graphenic surface2The pattern having nanometer watt。This undersized WS2Nanometer watt there is more edge, as electrochemistry Lithium storage materials, it is provided that more short lithium ion diffusion admittance, contribute to strengthening its electrochemistry storage lithium performance;It addition, WS2Nanometer watt/graphene composite material can increase the contact area of itself and electrolyte, it is possible to further help in and improve its chemical property。Therefore present invention WS2Nanometer watt/the electrochemistry storage lithium electrode prepared as electroactive substance of graphene composite material has a high electrochemistry storage lithium capacity, excellent cycle performance and be obviously enhanced large current density electrical characteristics。
Accompanying drawing explanation
The double; two ammonium bromide structural representation of Fig. 1 Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine。
Fig. 2 Gemini surface active agent is adsorbed on the schematic diagram of surface of graphene oxide。
The WS that Fig. 3 embodiment 1 prepares2Nanometer watt/XRD (a), the SEM shape appearance figure (b) of graphene composite nano material and transmission electron microscope photo (c, d)。
WS prepared by Fig. 4 comparative example2TEM and the HRTEM photo of nanometer sheet and graphene composite nano material。
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment。
Graphene oxide in following example adopts the Hummers method improved to prepare: 0oUnder C ice bath, by 10.0mmol (0.12g) graphite powder dispersed with stirring to 50mL concentrated sulphuric acid, it is stirred continuously down and is slowly added into KMnO4, added KMnO4Quality be 4 times of graphite powder, stir 50 minutes, when temperature rises to 35 DEG C, be slowly added into 50mL deionized water, be stirred for 30 minutes, add the H of 15mL mass fraction 30%2O2, stir 30 minutes, through centrifugation, obtain graphene oxide with after the HCl solution of mass fraction 5%, deionized water and acetone cyclic washing successively。
Embodiment 1
1) by 2.5mmol graphene oxide ultrasonic disperse in 60mL deionized water, add the double; two ammonium bromide of 0.8mmol Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine, and be sufficiently stirred for, then 0.76g (6.25mmol) Cys and 1.25mmol sulfo-ammonium tungstate it are sequentially added into, and be stirred continuously and make Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate be completely dissolved, adjust volume to about 80mL with deionized water;
2) obtained mixed liquor is transferred in the hydrothermal reaction kettle of 100mL, this reactor is put in constant temperature oven, at 230 DEG C after hydro-thermal reaction 24h, allow it naturally cool to room temperature, collect solid product with centrifugation, and fully wash with deionized water, vacuum drying at 100 DEG C, by obtained solid product in nitrogen/hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 800 DEG C heat treatment 2h, in mixing gas, the volume fraction of hydrogen is 10%, prepares WS2Nanometer watt/composite nano materials of Graphene, WS in composite nano materials2It is 1:2 with the ratio of Graphene amount of substance, obtains WS with XRD, SEM and TEM to prepared2Nanometer watt/composite nano materials of Graphene characterizes。XRD analysis result (see accompanying drawing 3 (a)) shows WS in composite nano materials2For the layer structure of few number of plies, the average number of plies is 4 layers, and SEM pattern (see accompanying drawing 3 (b)) and TEM photo (see accompanying drawing 3 (c), (d)) also show load WS on Graphene2Having little nanometer shoe looks, its number of plies is at 3-6 layer, and most numbers of plies are 4 layers, consistent with XRD analysis;
3) by the WS of above-mentioned preparation2Nanometer watt/graphene composite nano material as electrochemistry store lithium electrode active material, the uniform pastel of furnishing under agitation it is sufficiently mixed with the N-Methyl pyrrolidone solution of acetylene black and the Kynoar of mass fraction 5%, this pastel is coated onto equably on the Copper Foil of collector, vacuum drying at 110 DEG C, then rolling obtain WS2Nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode, in combination electrode, each constituent mass percentage ratio is: WS2Nanometer watt/graphene composite nano material 80%, acetylene black 10%, Kynoar 10%。
Electrochemistry storage lithium performance test: with lithium sheet as to electrode, electrolyte is 1.0MLiPF6EC/DMC solution (1:1 volume ratio), barrier film is polypropylene screen (Celguard-2300), the suitcase of full argon is assembled into two electrode test batteries, the test of battery constant current charge-discharge carries out on programme controlled auto charge and discharge instrument, charging and discharging currents density 100mA/g, voltage range 0.005 ~ 3.00V;The test of high-rate charge-discharge capability: test its electrochemistry storage lithium specific capacity when charging and discharging currents is 1000mA/g, as measuring of its high power charging-discharging characteristic。
Electrochemical results shows: WS2Nanometer watt/electrochemistry of the graphene combination electrode storage initial reversible capacity of lithium is 1233mAh/g, after 50 and 100 circulations, reversible capacity is 1196 and 1150mAh/g, it is shown that high specific capacity and excellent stable circulation performance;When high current charge-discharge (charging and discharging currents is 1000mA/g), its capacity is 875mAh/g, is much higher than the theoretical capacity (372mA/g) of graphite material, it is shown that the high power charging-discharging characteristic of its enhancing。
Comparative example:
Adopt Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cationic surfactant, be prepared for WS by above-mentioned similar approach2Nanometer sheet/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode, concrete preparation process is as follows:
By 2.5mmol graphene oxide ultrasonic disperse in 60mL deionized water, add 1.6mmol Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride cationic surfactant, and be sufficiently stirred for, then 0.76g (6.25mmol) Cys and 1.25mmol sulfo-ammonium tungstate it are sequentially added into, and be stirred continuously and make Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate be completely dissolved, volume extremely about 80mL is adjusted with deionized water, obtained mixed liquor is transferred in the hydrothermal reaction kettle of 100mL, this reactor is put in constant temperature oven, at 230 DEG C after hydro-thermal reaction 24h, it is allowed to naturally cool to room temperature, solid product is collected with centrifugation, and fully wash with deionized water, vacuum drying at 100 DEG C, by obtained solid product in nitrogen/hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 800 DEG C heat treatment 2h, in mixing gas, the volume fraction of hydrogen is 10%, prepare WS2The nano composite material of nanometer sheet/Graphene, WS in composite nano materials2It is 1:2 with the ratio of the amount of substance of Graphene。With XRD, SEM and TEM to finally preparing WS2The nano composite material of nanometer sheet/Graphene characterizes, and XRD analysis result shows WS in composite nano materials2For layer structure, its average number of plies is 7 layers, and TEM and HRTEM photo (see accompanying drawing 4, (a) is TEM photo, and (b) is HRTEM photo) shows load WS on Graphene2For nanometer sheet pattern, its thickness and plane sizes not as WS above2Nanometer watt uniform, WS2The number of plies of nanometer sheet is mainly at 6-9 layer, and the average number of plies is 7 layers, consistent with XRD analysis;
By above-mentioned steps 3) process prepare WS2Nanometer sheet/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode。Electrochemical results shows: WS2Nanometer sheet/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode electrochemistry storage initial reversible capacity of lithium is 925mAh/g, and after 50 and 100 circulations, reversible capacity is 912 and 865mAh/g;When high current charge-discharge (charging and discharging currents is 1000mA/g), its capacity is 532mAh/g。
Claims (2)
1. a WS2Nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode, it is characterised in that combination electrode electrochemistry storage lithium active substance be WS2Nanometer watt/composite nano materials of Graphene, WS in composite nano materials2Nanometer watt and the ratio of amount of substance of Graphene be 1:2, described WS2Nanometer watt for the layer structure of few number of plies, the component of combination electrode and mass percentage content thereof be: WS2Nanometer watt/graphene composite nano material 80-85%, acetylene black 5-10%, Kynoar 10%, the preparation method of described combination electrode sequentially includes the following steps:
(1) by graphene oxide ultrasonic disperse in deionized water, add the double; two ammonium bromide of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine, and be sufficiently stirred for, then Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate it are sequentially added into, and be stirred continuously and make Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate be completely dissolved, the ratio of the amount of substance of Cys and sulfo-ammonium tungstate consumption is 5:1, and the ratio of sulfo-ammonium tungstate and the amount of substance of graphene oxide is at 1:2;
(2) mixed dispersion that step (1) obtains is transferred in hydrothermal reaction kettle, and add deionized water and adjust volume to the 80% of hydrothermal reaction kettle nominal volume, the concentration of the double, two ammonium bromide of Gemini surface active agent N-dodecyl trimethylene diamine is 0.01~0.02mol/L, the content of graphene oxide is 31.25-62.0mmol/L, this reactor is put in constant temperature oven, at 230 DEG C after hydro-thermal reaction 24h, it is allowed to naturally cool to room temperature, hydro-thermal solid product is collected with centrifugation, and fully wash with deionized water, vacuum drying at 100 DEG C, by the hydro-thermal solid product that obtains in nitrogen/hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 800 DEG C heat treatment 2h, in mixing gas, hydrogen volume mark is 10%, finally prepare WS2Nanometer watt/composite nano materials of Graphene;
(3) by the WS of above-mentioned preparation2Nanometer watt/graphene composite nano material as electrode electrochemistry store lithium active substance, the uniform pastel of furnishing under agitation it is sufficiently mixed with the N-Methyl pyrrolidone solution of acetylene black and the Kynoar of mass fraction 5%, this pastel is coated onto equably on the Copper Foil of collector, dry, rolling obtains electrode。
2. WS according to claim 12Nanometer watt/Graphene electrochemistry storage lithium combination electrode, it is characterised in that described WS2Nanometer watt the average number of plies be 4 layers。
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CN101420031A (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2009-04-29 | 浙江大学 | Electrochemical magnesium ionic insertion/deinsertion electrode and production method thereof |
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