CN104102824A - Method for converting accuracy of electrocardiogram data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The diversity of electrocardiogram detection equipment causes the nonuniformity of formats of electrocardiogram data, including the difference of the accuracy of the electrocardiogram data. The accuracy of the electrocardiogram data is different, namely data acquired by hardware are expressed by binary digits in different numbers, but only one method for converting data accuracy exists at present, namely the data are shifted. Although the method is high-efficiency, errors of the obtained results are large. The invention discloses a method for converting the accuracy of the electrocardiogram data; by the method, the electrocardiogram data in different accuracy can be converted, and errors are reduced. The method for converting the accuracy of the electrocardiogram data is characterized in that a conversion speed and the errors are comprehensively considered on the basis of the traditional method, and the accuracy is converted according to the electrocardiogram data processing process; according to the method, a running speed and the errors are comprehensively considered, the different accuracy of the electrocardiogram data can be converted on the basis of achieving engineering application.
Description
Technical field
The conversion method of electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision belongs to sampled-data control system field, is mainly applicable to the resampling of electrocardiogram (ECG) data, data can be carried out to precision conversion, obtains the data of different sampling precisions, for subsequent treatment and research; This invention is equally applicable to other similar data precision conversion occasions.
Background technology
The main frequency scope of human ecg signal is 0.05～100Hz, and voltage amplitude is 0～4mV, and signal is very faint.And, in electrocardiosignal, conventionally mix interference such as there being other biological electric signal, make measurement environment poor.In order distortionless electrocardiosignal to be detected, for follow-up Clinical Processing, thereby most of electrocardio checkout equipment all will use pre-amplifying module etc. to amplify electrocardio original signal on hardware circuit.
In addition, because human ecg signal is simulating signal, for the ease of transmission and storage, must be converted to digital signal.Thereby electrocardio checkout equipment need to change the EGC analog signal collecting by A/D, obtain digital signal.Because the voltage amplitude of electrocardiosignal is too small, in mV rank, and in most of A/D modular converter, require the amplitude of input signal will be in the rank of the V of unit, thereby electrocardio checkout equipment is removed the pre-amplification circuit of introducing above, also need to adopt further amplification and off-set value processing, to reach the voltage level requirement to input signal in A/D module.The parameter such as yield value, off-set value wherein, the electrocardiographicdigital digital signals that must same detect offer the software of electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing together, just can carry out the processing of follow-up electrocardio filter conformance analysis.
And the current checkout equipment of electrocardio on the market emerges in an endless stream, kind is varied especially, in the parameter of electrocardio sampling, as different in sample frequency, yield value, off-set value, sampling precision etc., this has caused a kind of data of electrocardio equipment Inspection can not use another kind of ecg analysis software to analyze it, and it is very unfavorable to analyze for the unified management of electrocardiogram (ECG) data." health status monitoring is analyzed and information management cloud service network platform " that is is researching and developing Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University embedded system experiment chamber at present, by independent research product and integration hospital, community, the existing various medical monitoring equipment of family, the electrocardio of monitor user ' whenever and wherever possible, the physiological parameters such as blood pressure, pass through bluetooth, WIFI, cable network etc., send in real time medicinal intelligent mobile phone and hospital server multi-parameter monitoring center, carry out electrocardio for medical personnel, the isoparametric feature extraction of blood pressure and analysis, for patient provides diagnosis and treatment service timely.Due to the parameter difference of current various electrocardio checkout equipments, just need to be before data be processed, first by electrocardiogram (ECG) data according to the data layout of ecg analysis software processing, sample frequency, yield value, sampling precision etc. in original electrocardiographicdigital data are converted to the value of target data defined.In the present invention, for be the conversion of electrocardiogram (ECG) data sampling precision, wherein also relate to and use the original and parameter such as yield value, off-set value that target data specifies.
The present invention has considered the data processing needs of project and the requirement of international standard, obtained data are carried out to the standard that precision conversion arranges is: singly lead, the data precision of 1 byte in three data acquisition leading actual items application, 12 electrocardiogram (ECG) datas that lead adopt 2 byte precision of MIT-BIH databases regulation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of conversion method of electrocardiogram (ECG) data sampling precision, can make to carry out precision conversion between the electrocardiogram (ECG) data of different accuracy, be conducive to analysis and unified management for electrocardiogram (ECG) data, be equally also applicable in the similar application of other discrete data precision conversions.
The correlation theory that the present invention uses comprises: the left and right sidesing shifting of electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing in early stage, data.
The precision conversion method of the electrocardiogram (ECG) data relating in the present invention and the difference of above-mentioned technology, be traditional data left and right sidesing shifting to change data precision, combine with the process in early stage of electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing, make electrocardiogram (ECG) data in the process of precision conversion, error significantly reduces.Method flow diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, can be realized the conversion between the electrocardiogram (ECG) data of different accuracy, and according to the size of aimed at precision and raw data precision, point situation is carried out.
Before carrying out data precision conversion, need to know precision, yield value and the off-set value of raw data and target data, these parameters of decentraction electro-detection equipment generally can be not identical.In addition, electrocardiogram (ECG) data is all saved as binary file.
(1) if target data precision is more than or equal to raw data, directly electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing procedure in early stage is applied to conversion, can be target electrocardiogram (ECG) data file by original electrocardiographicdigital data file transition.
(2) if target data precision is less than raw data, electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing procedure in early stage is combined with traditional displacement method, can ensure that the prerequisite that error is less is little like this, improve execution efficiency as far as possible, complete the precision conversion of electrocardiogram (ECG) data, generate the electrocardiogram (ECG) data file of target call.
The concrete switch process of electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision of above-mentioned two situations, is shown in the Part V of this instructions: specific implementation.
Why the present invention considers that target data precision equals the change over condition of raw data precision, even if be because both represent that the byte number of electrocardiogram (ECG) data equates, be that precision is identical, but due to yield value, the isoparametric difference of off-set value, also can cause both can not unify to carry out the operations such as analysis of medical record by the ecg analysis software that wherein a kind of electrocardiogram (ECG) data form is corresponding.Thereby method involved in the present invention, the situation that this situation and target data precision is greater than to raw data merges, and only need to change according to the process in early stage of electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing, just can complete.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1: the method flow diagram that the present invention proposes;
Fig. 2: precision transfer principle figure.
Specific implementation
Electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision conversion method involved in the present invention, the process flow diagram of method as shown in Figure 1.As long as know original electrocardiographicdigital data file and target electrocardiogram (ECG) data file off-set value, the yield value of defined separately, just can realize the conversion between arbitrary accuracy, the schematic diagram of concrete electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing procedure and precision conversion as shown in Figure 2.
Before the concrete mode of explanation, first traditional precision conversion method is analyzed.Traditional precision conversion method is directly to adopt the mode of left and right sidesing shifting to realize.For example, if the precision of original electrocardiographicdigital data is 12, target data precision is 16, so directly adopts 4 left, realizes the precision conversion of data.But this method, do not consider the parameter such as yield value, off-set value of data, if the off-set value of original electrocardiographicdigital data equates with target data, and to establish it be 0, target data is 0x3ff0, in the time calculating the floating-point numerical value of electrocardiogram (ECG) data, (0x3ff-0) with (0x3ff0-0) after the yield value divided by separately, obtain the ecg signal data of float, error only occurs on the polishing of latter 4.If but both off-set values, yield value are not etc., particularly off-set value not etc., can cause so larger error, as to establish raw data off-set value be 0, the off-set value of target data is 50, data can be seen because the yield value of target data does not amplify according to the mode of 4 of moving to left in the time calculating so, cause (0x3ff-0) and (0x3ff0-50) both error is larger.Be less than in the transfer process of raw data precision in target data precision equally, also have such problem, this has also illustrated that why the sampling precision of two kinds of electrocardiogram (ECG) datas is identical, but in the time that the parameters such as off-set value are different, still needs to carry out precision conversion.
Because the present invention is in the time realizing, two kinds of situations have been discussed, thereby point two examples illustrate specific implementation.With MIT-BIH wherein a kind of electrocardiogram (ECG) data of form illustrate, the electrocardiogram (ECG) data of this form adopts 1.5 bytes to represent data, precision is 12.Put aside so the number that leads that it is concrete, two kinds of forms first mentioning in claims feature 4 according to the present invention carry out format conversion to it.The present invention is in the time of consolidation form, and regulation list leads and the 3 electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision unifications of leading are 1 byte, 8; The 12 electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision unifications of leading are 2 bytes, 16.For the identical situation of precision, because its mode adopting and target data precision are greater than the situation of original precision, repeat no more here.This example can discuss both of these case fully so, illustrates the step of realization.
For simplification problem, describe more clearly, in the following step, adopt wherein 1 data to illustrate, these data read by source document, and establish original, the target electrocardiogram (ECG) data value that get and be respectively srcValue, destValue, original, target electrocardiogram (ECG) data yield value is respectively srcGain, destGain, and off-set value original, target electrocardiogram (ECG) data is respectively srcOffset, destOffset; Relation meets the equation corresponding with principle: (destValue-destOffset)/destGain=(srcValue-srcOffset)/srcGain.
1) target data precision is greater than raw data precision: 12 to 16
This situation can directly be processed according to the process in early stage of electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing, and according to the precision transfer principle figure shown in Fig. 2, we,, in order to improve travelling speed, have carried out the conversion of simplified operation to it, can obtain step as follows.
(1) the integer raw value obtaining deducts off-set value;
temp＝srcValue-srcOffset；
(2) the gain ratio k of calculating target data and raw data, k is floating number;
k＝destGain/srcGain；
(3) ratio that gains in the result of calculating in the first step and second step is multiplied each other;
tempResult＝temp*k；
(4) result in previous step is forced to be converted in computer program integer data;
destValue＝(int)tempResult；
(5) integer data obtained in the previous step, add the off-set value destOffset that target data is corresponding, can complete the precision conversion of these data;
destValue＝destValue+destOffset；
As above step, changes the data one by one in raw data file, saves as the file of target data precision type, can complete.This method is strictly followed the principle in Fig. 2, just it is changed, to reduce the step of data operation, ensure the establishment of equation (destValue-destOffset)/destGain=(srcValue-srcOffset)/srcGain.
2) target data precision is less than raw data precision: 12 to 8
In the time that target data precision is less than raw data precision, can adopt traditional displacement method to process with electrocardio the method that early stage, process combined, in reducing error, improve operational efficiency as far as possible.Equally, in the time of computer realization, processing procedure is simplified, to reduce calculation step, specific as follows.
(1) obtain integer original electrocardiographicdigital data, deduct original offset value;
temp＝srcValue-srcOffset；
(2) result of previous step first moves to right, and moves to right 4, and making data result is 8, and the figure place representing with target electrocardiogram (ECG) data is identical;
temp＝temp＞＞4；
This step is equivalent to divided by 2^4, and 16, thus remove rear 4 binary digits in first step result;
(3) calculating parameter k;
k＝destGain/srcGain*(2^4)；
For equation (destValue-destOffset)/destGain=(srcValue-srcOffset)/srcGain is set up, owing to having used the step that moves to right in the 2nd step, be equivalent to original electrocardiographicdigital data terminal first divided by the factor (2^4), so will compensate it in this step.
(4) the parameter k of the result temp of the 2nd step and previous step calculating is multiplied each other;
tempResult＝temp*k；
(5) same, the result in the 4th step is forced to be converted to integer data;
destValue＝(int)tempResult；
(6) result of previous step adds the corresponding off-set value destOffset of target electrocardiogram (ECG) data, completes the precision conversion of these data;
destValue＝destValue+destOffset；
Equally, each data in raw data file are carried out to as above step, the result of finally calculating is preserved with the form of binary file equally, just can complete the conversion of electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision.In the 2nd step, data are shifted to data, the data of original 1.5 bytes can be converted to the data of 1 byte, the factor byte number of follow-up participation multiplying is reduced, can improve operational efficiency; And the data reading manner complexity of 1.5 bytes, needs special routine processes, not as reading, whole byte writes conveniently.
In sum, the electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision conversion method that the present invention proposes, can realize the conversion between arbitrary accuracy between electrocardiogram (ECG) data, and generalized case is discussed below.If the precision of original electrocardiographicdigital data is M position, the precision of target electrocardiogram (ECG) data is N position, equally its numerical value, yield value, off-set value are supposed, and identical with above-mentioned object lesson of its value, original and value target data is respectively srcValue, destValue; Yield value is respectively srcGain, destGain; Off-set value is respectively srcOffset, destOffset; Relation between them still meets the equation corresponding with principle: (destValue-destOffset)/destGain=(srcValue-srcOffset)/srcGain.。
Discuss according to a precision size point situation for original electrocardiographicdigital data and target data, describe with the switch process of one of them data equally, here step is simplified.
1) situation of N >=M
(1) raw value deducts original offset value;
temp＝srcValue-srcOffset；
(2) calculating parameter value k, result is floating type;
k＝destGain/srcGain；
(3) the parameter k of the result of the 1st step and the calculating of the 2nd step is multiplied each other;
tempResult＝temp*k；
(4) result of previous step is forced to be converted to integer data;
destResult＝(int)tempResult；
(5) previous step result adds the off-set value that target electrocardiogram (ECG) data is corresponding, has completed the precision conversion of this electrocardiogram (ECG) data;
destResult＝destResult+destOffset；
To all data in the file of expression original electrocardiographicdigital data layout, carry out the computing of above-mentioned steps, net result saves as binary file, is target electrocardiogram (ECG) data form.
2) situation of N < M
(1) raw data deducts original offset value;
temp＝srcValue-srcOffset；
The result that (2) the 1st steps are calculated is shifted, (M-N) position that moves to right, and its effect is equivalent to divided by 2^ (M-N);
temp＝temp＞＞(M-N)；
(3) calculating parameter k, equally to the 2nd stepping line parameter compensation, to ensure to meet principle;
k＝destGain/srcGain*2^(M-N)；
The parameter k that the result temp of (4) the 2nd step gained and the 3rd step are calculated multiplies each other;
tempResult＝temp*k；
(5) result of previous step gained is forced to conversion, be converted to integer data;
destValue＝(int)destValue；
The result of (6) the 5th steps adds off-set value corresponding to target electrocardiogram (ECG) data form, can complete the conversion of electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision in this situation;
destValue＝destValue+destOffset；
Equally, this is the transfer process of data, and all data in file are as above calculated, precision conversion that just finally can complete paired data.
Here the precision conversion method of the electrocardiogram (ECG) data relating in the present invention has been carried out to the explaination of generalized case more, above-mentioned steps is clearer for what express, and step is more, in actual computer realizes, certain two or more step wherein can be merged, reduce the length of program.In the situation of M < N, the 1st step and 2 steps can be merged, the result calculating is directly shifted; Also front 4 steps can be merged into a step, can reduce significantly like this program length, etc.
According to the present invention for the description of electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision conversion method, can find the data file under other similar application occasion, as long as the process in early stage of its actual data processing is combined with traditional displacement method, can realize the conversion between precision by this similar approach equally.This is for the uniform format of data in binary file under different accuracy, and the compression of data etc., all have very important significance.
Claims (6)
1. electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision conversion method, is characterized in that: consider switching rate and transformed error, on the basis of classic method, the precision of electrocardiogram (ECG) data is changed, can reach engineering application requirements.Equally, the method is also applicable to the precision conversion occasions of other similar use A/D conversion acquisition data.Method mainly comprises following components:
1) point situation is implemented precision conversion: when electrocardiogram (ECG) data is carried out to precision conversion, different from the method for the unified displacement of classic method, a size point situation discussion that the present invention is directed to precision conversion realizes.If the precision of target data is more than or equal to raw data precision, adopt the disposal route of electrocardiogram (ECG) data, first obtain its original value, then further calculate according to the gain of target data, off-set value, thus the conversion of realize target precision.If the precision of target data is less than raw data, in order to reduce the byte number that participates in division, first raw data is moved to right, reduce to the byte number of target data precision, again according to the method for upper a kind of situation, be that the method for electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing procedure such as amplifies at the calculating, obtain the data of aimed at precision.
2) electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing procedure is applied to precision conversion: in classic method, all adopt displacement to realize for the conversion of data sampling precision, such method is simple and be convenient to realize the still larger error of existence in the data precision conversion of generalized case.In the present invention, utilize electrocardiogram (ECG) data to process process in earlier stage and realize precision conversion, reduced transformed error.Electrocardiogram (ECG) data is processed process in early stage, calculates by the sampled data to integer, obtains the float original value that is sampled electrocardiogram (ECG) data, and follow-up to processing, the data that obtain are carried out the drafting of ecg wave form and the research of additive method realizes again.
3) in conjunction with precision conversion classic method: the difference that the present invention is directed to conversion accuracy size, adopt diverse ways to process respectively, in the time that target data precision is less than raw data, the method adopting combines traditional displacement method, under the prerequisite that can allow in error, reduce in time the data word joint number that participates in multiplication and division computing, improve operational efficiency.
4) complete the unification of electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision: the electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision conversion method that the present invention proposes, can improve the different situation of current electrocardio sampled data precision.For the project of current Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University embedded system and technology experiment chamber, the present invention proposes unified accuracy standard, singly lead, 3 electrocardiogram (ECG) datas that lead adopt 8 bit data the data of 1 byte represent, 12 standard 16 bit data of leading employing america's MIT-BIH database represent, so the data of other precision can be unified, be convenient to analyze and management.
2. according to the method for the electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision conversion described in right 1, it is characterized in that: the size for the conversion of electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision is discussed in two kinds of situation, is improving on the basis of the large shortcoming of classic method error, improves operational efficiency.Mainly comprise following content:
1) target data precision is more than or equal in the situation of raw data, and raw data is calculated according to the process in early stage of electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing, and the floating type data of acquisition are passed through the processing of gain and off-set value again, to reach the standard of target data precision.
2) target data precision is less than in the situation of raw data, after raw data deducts off-set value, first right shift reaches the precision of target data, so can reduce the data word joint number that participates in multiplication and division computing in next step, the data that obtain are again according to the precision of target data, gain and the calculating of off-set value, thereby reach the precision of target data.
3. according to the conversion method of the electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision described in right 2, it is characterized in that: the process in early stage of electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing is applied to precision conversion, can reduces the error that classic method causes in transfer process.Its main process is: the processing procedure of electrocardiogram (ECG) data is as follows, and the integer data that obtain deduct off-set value, divided by its yield value, can obtain the electrocardiogram acquisition data of floating type, follow-up can drawing and the processing such as analysis to it.Electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing procedure is introduced precision conversion by the present invention, and make improvements.
4. according to the conversion method of the electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision described in right 3, it is characterized in that: the situation that is less than raw data precision for target data precision, after raw data deducts off-set value, can be first according to classic method to the processing that moves to right of its result, make its data word joint number equal target data byte number, can make like this byte number of follow-up participation multiplication and division computing reduce, to improve operational efficiency.
5. according to the conversion method of the electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision described in right 4, it is characterized in that: according to project demands and international standard, the electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision of gained is converted to required precision, can unifies to process and management to current various types of electrocardiogram (ECG) datas.Detailed process is, be converted to the established standard of project by singly leading with 3 electrocardiogram (ECG) datas that lead, the i.e. precision of 1 byte (8 scale-of-two), 12 electrocardiogram (ECG) datas that lead are converted to the standard of international MIT-BIH database, i.e. the precision of 2 bytes (16 scale-of-two).
6. according to the conversion method of the electrocardiogram (ECG) data precision described in right 1,2,3, it is characterized in that: electrocardiogram (ECG) data processing procedure is combined with classic method, and improve, on the basis reducing in error, data are carried out to precision conversion.Detailed process is, according to two kinds of situations described in right 1, if aimed at precision is more than or equal to raw data, raw data deducts off-set value, be multiplied by the gain ratio of target and raw data, add subsequently the off-set value of target electrocardiogram (ECG) data file mark, can obtain the electrocardiogram (ECG) data of target data precision.If aimed at precision is less than raw data precision, after first raw data being deducted to off-set value, move to right and reach the precision size of target data, process according to the previous case more subsequently, just can reach the accuracy requirement of target data.
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