CN104101254A - Device and method for testing and assessing influences of muzzle smoke flames on photoelectric system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for testing and assessing influences of muzzle smoke flames on a photoelectric system. The device comprises a CCD (charge-coupled device) image acquisition system, a medium-wave thermal image acquisition system, a long-wave thermal image acquisition system, a visible light near-infrared cooperative target, an infrared cooperative target and an infrared cooperative target control system. The method includes: setting the temperature difference between each heating unit of each target and the environment, simulating target and background infrared features, enabling an included angle between an optical axis of each of the three image acquisition systems and a trajectory line to approach to an observation angle of an actual weapon photoelectric system, acquiring contrast variations of target background images in different wavebands during occurrence of the smoke flames, working out smoke flame contrast transfer factors, and according to target background parameters, photoelectric system parameters, atmospheric parameters, the smoke flame contrast transfer factors and detection requirements, calculating system operating distances under the conditions of smoke flame presence and smoke flame absence to quantitatively assess the influences of the smoke flames on the photoelectric system. By the device and the method for testing and assessing the influences of the muzzle smoke flames on the photoelectric system, the problems of quantitative measurement and assessment of the influences of the muzzle smoke flames on the photoelectric system are solved.

Description

The apparatus and method of a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact

Technical field

The invention belongs to photoelectricity test and assessment technology field, relate generally to a kind of testing evaluation apparatus and method, relate in particular to a kind of apparatus and method of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact that are applicable to.

Background technology

Cannon, in shooting course, due to reacting of the friction of ammunition and gun tube and gunpowder and air, can produce strong flash of light and smog near gun muzzle, makes cannon be easy to give away one's position, and to position, threatens.Gun muzzle cigarette flame makes electro-optical system decline to the continuous probe follow-up control of target simultaneously, even may make the temporary transient blinding of electro-optical system.The impact that qualitative assessment gun muzzle cigarette flame causes electro-optical system, improves ammunition formula and the detectivity of performance electro-optical system to target for instructing, significant.

< < ammonium nitrate is on having studied theoretically the impact of ammonium nitrate on gun propellant combustion product composition in impact research > > mono-literary composition of muzzle flash, adopt high-speed camera to carry out the shooting of muzzle flash, the area/maximum gauge/integral optical density of muzzle flash is characterized.The method of testing of a < < muzzle flash and research > > and < < blast reducer are the intensity of accurate Characterization muzzle flash more on affecting in > > mono-literary composition of gun muzzle cigarette flame, with CCD high-speed photography camera, taken the gun bast of 30mm bore gun propellant A/B and ammonium nitrate gun propellant C, with Image Pro Plus6.0 software analysis flame intensity.Above pertinent literature has all been studied the isoparametric test of gun bast area, temperature and brightness and sign from visible ray near infrared band, do not provide the visible near-infrared and device of infrared band test muzzle flash cigarette on target acquisition impact, the parameter of the flame of test and smog and target signature and electro-optical system parameter association are not got up, do not form the method for qualitative assessment gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact yet.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame affects difficult problem to electro-optical system, and the apparatus and method of a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact are provided.

Technical scheme of the present invention is:

The device of described a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, is characterized in that: comprise CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system, visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target, infrared cooperative target target, infrared cooperative target target control system; Visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target and infrared cooperative target target are arranged on respectively on Height Adjustable support; Visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target surface label has the black and white pattern that represents target background; Infrared cooperative target target is spliced by polylith heating plate, every heater plate surface blacking, and the temperature difference of every heating plate and environment is controlled separately by infrared cooperative target target control system; CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system are placed on respectively the proceeds posterolateral of gun muzzle, near the field of view center of the central area that makes gun muzzle cigarette flame in CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system; Visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target is placed on side the place ahead of gun muzzle, and near the field of view center in CCD imaging acquisition system; Infrared cooperative target target is placed on side the place ahead of gun muzzle, and near the field of view center in medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system.

Further preferred version, the device of described a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, is characterized in that: the heating plate in infrared cooperative target target is spliced according to matrix structure.

Further preferred version, the device of described a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, is characterized in that: the poor Δ t of being of the highest temperature of every heating plate and environment in infrared cooperative target target, and Δ t >=50 ℃, temperature-controlled precision is 0.1 ℃.

Further preferred version, the device of described a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, is characterized in that: CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system are L along trajectory line direction and gun muzzle distance ₁, L ₁>=15m, and CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, the sight line of long wave thermal imaging acquisition system and the angle of trajectory line be θ, 10 °≤θ≤15 °.

Further preferred version, the device of described a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, is characterized in that: visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target and infrared cooperative target target are L along trajectory line direction and gun muzzle distance ₂, L ₂>=20m.

The method of described a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, is characterized in that: adopt following steps:

Step 1: regulate infrared cooperative target target by infrared cooperative target target control system, making the odd column unit of infrared cooperative target target and the temperature difference of environment is Δ t ₁, the temperature difference of even column unit and environment is Δ t ₂, Δ t wherein ₁>=50 ℃ and Δ t ₂≤ 0.5 ℃, or Δ t ₂>=50 ℃ and Δ t ₁≤ 0.5 ℃;

Step 2: the parameter that regulates CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system, make near the visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target blur-free imaging field of view center of CCD imaging acquisition system, make near the infrared cooperative target target blur-free imaging field of view center of medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system respectively;

Step 3: startup CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system are carried out IMAQ before ammunition transmitting, finishes IMAQ when gun muzzle cigarette dissipates completely after ammunition transmitting;

Step 4: calculate respectively the target background contrast C that visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target in front CCD imaging acquisition system appears in gun muzzle cigarette flame ₀₁, the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system ₀₂and the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in long wave thermal imaging acquisition system ₀₃; Calculate the target background contrast C that visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target in CCD imaging acquisition system in the same time appears in whole process not in cigarette flame ₁, the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system ₂and the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in long wave thermal imaging acquisition system ₃; Obtain visible ray near infrared band cigarette flame contrast transmission factor CRTF ₁=C ₁/ C ₀₁, medium-wave infrared cigarette flame contrast transmission factor CRTF ₂=C ₂/ C ₀₂with LONG WAVE INFRARED cigarette flame contrast transmission factor CRTF ₃=C ₃/ C ₀₃;

Step 5: adopting following steps to calculate respectively electro-optical system when detection probability is Pd is having the operating distance under cigarette flame and smokeless flame state:

Step 5.1: set operating distance initial value R, calculate respectively the mean transmissivity τ causing due to atmospheric scattering in R distance _s, steam mean transmissivity τ _amean transmissivity τ with carbon dioxide _b:

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_s=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}\exp [(-3.91/V)*{({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_0/\mathrm{\&lambda;})}^q*R]\mathrm{d\&lambda;}/({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1)$

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_a=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_h\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{d\&lambda;}/({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1)$

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_b=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_c\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{d\&lambda;}/({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1)$

Obtain atmospheric transmittance τ ₀=τ _sτ _aτ _b; Wherein λ is wavelength, λ ₁～λ ₂for electro-optical system service band, λ ₀=0.55 μ m, V is 0.55 μ m place horizontal visibility, unit is km, when V>=50km, q=1.6; When 20km<V<50km, q=1.4; When 6km<V≤20km, q=1.3; When V≤6km, τ _h(λ) be illustrated under corresponding ω condition, the moisture-vapor transmission that wavelength X is corresponding, ω is the millimeter of condensable water in R distance, ω=ρ _s* Rh*R, ρ _sfor the saturated steam density under relevant temperature, Rh is relative atmospheric humidity; τ _c(λ) be illustrated in carbon dioxide transmitance corresponding to wavelength X in R distance;

Step 5.2: according to following equation

${\mathrm{Vs}}^{\&prime;}=\frac{\sqrt{C_0*{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_0*A_t}}{R}*\sqrt{\mathrm{CRTF}}*\underset{f_1}{\overset{f_2}{\&Integral;}}\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{MTF}\left(f\right)}{\frac{\mathrm{af}}{M}\exp (-\frac{\mathrm{bf}}{M})\sqrt{1+0.06\exp \left(\frac{\mathrm{bf}}{M}\right)}\sqrt{[1+\frac{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^2{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2\left(f\right)}{L^2}]}}}\mathrm{df}$

According to demand, select to calculate target background and after atmosphere, the decay of cigarette flame, arrive the signal to noise ratio Vs of electro-optical system ₁' or target background after atmospheric attenuation, arrive the signal to noise ratio Vs of electro-optical system ₂', C wherein ₀for the initial contrast of target background, A _tfor the equivalent area of target, CRTF is cigarette flame contrast transmission factor, according to the service band of electro-optical system, selects cigarette flame contrast transmission factor corresponding in step 4, when calculating Vs ₂' time, CRTF=1, the modulation transfer function that MTF (f) is electro-optical system, M is electro-optical system magnifying power, L is the brightness of electro-optical system display, α=169.6, the root mean square noise function that σ (f) is display, f is spatial frequency, f ₁and f ₂be respectively the upper and lower bound of f in MTF (f),

$a=\frac{540{(1+0.7/L)}^{-0.2}}{1+\frac{12R}{M\sqrt{A_t}(1+\frac{f}{3M})}},b=0.3{(1+\frac{100}{L})}^{0.15};$

Step 5.3: under selected observation grade, if | Vs ₁'-Vs|≤0.01, represent when detection probability be Pd and while having cigarette flame the operating distance of electro-optical system be R, otherwise make R=R+0.1 (km), repeating step 5.1 and step 5.2, recalculate Vs ₁' and judge; Under selected observation grade, if | Vs ₂'-Vs|≤0.01, represents that the operating distance of electro-optical system when detection probability is Pd and smokeless flame is R, otherwise makes R=R+0.1 (km), repeating step 5.1 and step 5.2, recalculate Vs ₂' and judge; Wherein Vs is the desired signal to noise ratio of the system detection of a target; Observe grade and be divided into discovery, identification and identification Three Estate;

Step 6: obtain being Pd and observing accordingly under class requirement at detection probability, electro-optical system is having the Changing Pattern of the operating distance under cigarette flame and smokeless flame condition.

Further preferred version, the method for described a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, is characterized in that: R initial value is 0.1km.

Further preferred version, the method for described a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, is characterized in that: finding under calling hierarchy Vs=2.7k; Under identification requirement grade, Vs=10.8k; Under identification calling hierarchy, Vs=17.3k, k is signal to noise ratio correction factor; K is determined by detection probability Pd.

Further preferred version, the method for described a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, is characterized in that: at visible ray near infrared band, in medium wave and long wave infrared region, wherein $M_t=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_t{C}_1}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}^5}*\frac{1}{\exp (C_2/\left({\mathrm{\&lambda;T}}_t\right)-1)}\mathrm{d\&lambda;},M_b=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_b{C}_1}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}^5}*\frac{1}{\exp (C_2/\left({\mathrm{\&lambda;T}}_b\right)-1)}\mathrm{d\&lambda;},$ L _tfor the mean flow rate of target at visible ray near infrared band, L _bfor the mean flow rate of background at visible ray near infrared band, ε _tfor the emissivity of target at corresponding infrared band, ε _bfor the emissivity of background at corresponding infrared band, T _tfor target absolute temperature, T _bfor background absolute temperature, C ₁for first radiation constant, C ₁=3.74 * 10 ⁴w μ m/cm ², C ₂for second radiation constant, C ₂=1.44 * 10 ⁴μ mK.

Beneficial effect

Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in following two aspects:

(1) test gun muzzle cigarette flame provided by the invention is in the device of electro-optical system impact, electro-optical system is simulated the view angle of actual armament systems photoelectric instrument to the view angle of target, the feature of gun muzzle cigarette flame of its measurement and the observation of actual armament systems photoelectric instrument approach, measured cigarette flame contrast transmission factor has been considered flame and the overall attenuation effect of smog to target background contrast, makes measurement result more accurate.

(2) qualitative assessment gun muzzle cigarette flame provided by the invention is in the method for electro-optical system impact, the operating distance of electro-optical system and electro-optical system parameter, target background contrast level parameter, cigarette flame comprehensive characteristics parameter, characteristics of atmospheric transmission are connected by relational expression, provide different target background, the impact of qualitative assessment gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system operating distance under DIFFERENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS, for improving the powder charge composition and engineering of ammunition, the maximum performance of performance electro-optical system provides foundation.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is gun muzzle cigarette flame testing evaluation device schematic layout pattern.

Fig. 2 is the operational flowchart of gun muzzle cigarette flame testing evaluation device.

Fig. 3 is the software kit workflow diagram of assessment gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact.

Wherein: 1, CCD imaging acquisition system; 2, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system; 3, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system; 4, visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target; 5, infrared cooperative target target; 6, infrared cooperative target target control system.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described:

In the present embodiment, testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame comprises CCD imaging acquisition system 1, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system 2, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system 3, visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target 4, infrared cooperative target target 5, infrared cooperative target target control system 6 to the device of electro-optical system impact.

The response wave band of CCD imaging acquisition system 1 is 0.4～0.9 μ m, and resolution ratio is 640 * 480, and focal length is 50mm, and IMAQ frame frequency is 100Hz, and gathering gradation of image is 14.The response wave band of medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system 2 is 3.7～4.8 μ m, and resolution ratio is 320 * 256, and focal length is 50mm, and output image frame frequency is 100Hz, and gathering gradation of image is 14.The response wave band of long wave thermal imaging acquisition system 3 is 7.7～9.3 μ m, and resolution ratio is 320 * 256, and focal length is 50mm, and output image frame frequency is 100Hz, and gathering gradation of image is 14.

Visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target 4 is of a size of 1.5m (length) X 1.5m (wide) X 3mm (thick), the chequered with black and white four bar target sheet patterns that represent target background are posted on surface, visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target 4 is rack-mount, and it is Height Adjustable.Infrared cooperative target target 5 is of a size of 1.5m (length) X 1.5m (wide) X 3mm (thick), by 7 row * 7 row heating plates, be spliced, every heater plate surface blacking (emissivity is 0.95), the temperature difference of every heating plate and environment can be controlled separately, be up to Δ t (Δ t >=50 ℃) with circumstance of temperature difference, temperature-controlled precision is 0.1 ℃.Δ t=70 ℃ in the present embodiment.Infrared cooperative target target 5 is rack-mount, and it is Height Adjustable, and infrared cooperative target target 5 is connected with infrared cooperative target target control system 6, and infrared cooperative target target control system 6 is controlled the temperature difference of infrared cooperative target target 5 each heating plate and environment.

Being centered close on trajectory line of cigarette flame region, with the distance of gun muzzle be a, apart from ground level, be h.Along erect one on trajectory line apart from gun muzzle a place, be highly that the mark post of h is as object of reference, CCD imaging acquisition system 1, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system 2 and long wave thermal imaging acquisition system 3 are placed on the proceeds posterolateral position of gun muzzle trajectory, and this position is L along trajectory line direction and gun muzzle distance ₁(L ₁>=15 meters) and and mark post between line and trajectory wire clamp angle be θ (10 °≤θ≤15 °), as shown in Figure 1, make mark post top respectively near the field of view center in CCD imaging acquisition system 1, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system 2 and long wave thermal imaging acquisition system 3 simultaneously.A=h=2 rice in the present embodiment, θ=15 °, L ₁=15 meters.

Visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target 4 is placed on side the place ahead of gun muzzle and is L along trajectory line direction and gun muzzle distance ₂(L ₂>=20 meters); Regulate its position and highly make it at the field of view center of CCD imaging acquisition system 1.Infrared cooperative target target 5 is placed on side the place ahead of gun muzzle and is L along trajectory line direction and gun muzzle distance ₂, regulate its position and highly make near its field of view center that lays respectively at medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system 2, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system 3.L in the present embodiment ₂=20 meters.

Application said apparatus carries out the method for testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, adopts following steps:

Step 1: the parameter of infrared cooperative target target control system 6 is set, and making the odd column unit of infrared cooperative target target 5 and the temperature difference of environment is Δ t ₁, the temperature difference of even column unit and environment is Δ t ₂, Δ t wherein ₁>=50 ℃ and Δ t ₂≤ 0.5 ℃, or Δ t ₂>=50 ℃ and Δ t ₁≤ 0.5 ℃.In the present embodiment, make the first, the 3rd, the 5th column unit of infrared cooperative target target 5 and the temperature difference of environment be Δ t ₁, make the temperature difference of the second, the 4th, the 6th column unit and environment be Δ t ₂, Δ t ₁=70 ℃, Δ t ₂=0.5 ℃.

Step 2: regulate the parameter that CCD imaging acquisition system 1, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system 2, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system 3 are set, make near visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target 4 blur-free imaging CCD imaging acquisition system 1 visual field central authorities, make near the infrared cooperative target target 5 blur-free imaging visual field central authorities of medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system 2, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system 3 respectively.

Step 3: launch first 10 seconds at ammunition, start the IMAQ program of CCD imaging acquisition system 1, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system 2, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system 3 simultaneously, carry out IMAQ, when gun muzzle cigarette dissipates completely after ammunition transmitting, finish IMAQ, and preserve the data that gather.

Step 4: calculate respectively gun muzzle cigarette flame and occur that front CCD gathers the target background contrast C of visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target in imaging system 1 ₀₁, the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system 2 ₀₂and the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in long wave thermal imaging acquisition system 3 ₀₃.Before gun muzzle cigarette flame of take appearance, 50ms was zero moment, the target background contrast C of visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target in CCD collection imaging system 1 of 10ms calculating ₁, the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system 2 ₂and the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in long wave thermal imaging acquisition system 3 ₃; Obtain visible ray near infrared band cigarette flame contrast transmission factor CRTF ₁=C ₁/ C ₀₁, medium-wave infrared cigarette flame contrast transmission factor CRTF ₂=C ₂/ C ₀₂and LONG WAVE INFRARED cigarette flame contrast transmission factor CRTF ₃=C ₃/ C ₀₃.

Step 5: adopting following steps to calculate respectively electro-optical system when detection probability is Pd is having the operating distance under cigarette flame and smokeless flame state:

In the present embodiment, computational process realizes by software kit, comprises that target and context parameter arrange that the parameter that module, atmospheric parameter arrange module, data table stores module, electro-optical system arranges module, gun muzzle cigarette flame contrast transmission factor arranges the computing module of module, electro-optical system operating distance and shows and preservation module.Target and context parameter arrange that the parameter that module, atmospheric parameter arrange module, data table stores module, electro-optical system arranges module, gun muzzle cigarette flame contrast transmission factor arranges module for electro-optical system operating distance computing module desired parameters is provided.

Target and context parameter arrange module and comprise by user's Offered target effective area A _t, target is at the mean flow rate L of visible ray near infrared band _t, background is at the mean flow rate L of visible ray near infrared band _b, target is in the emissivity ε of corresponding infrared band _t, background is in the emissivity ε of corresponding infrared band _b, target absolute temperature T _t, the absolute temperature T of background _b.

Atmospheric parameter arranges module and comprises by user atmospheric temperature t is set ₀, relative atmospheric humidity Rh, the 0.55 horizontal visibility V of μ m place.

Data table stores module stores has: saturated steam density p _swith temperature t ₀corresponding data table [with reference to the flat < < of Wu Han infrared search system > > National Defense Industry Press]; The transmitance τ of different condensable water millimeter ω Water Under steams _hcorresponding data table [with reference to the flat < < of Wu Han infrared search system > > National Defense Industry Press] with wavelength X; The transmitance τ of different distance R condition carbon dioxide _ccorresponding data table [with reference to the flat < < of Wu Han infrared search system > > National Defense Industry Press] with wavelength X; The corresponding data table of electro-optical system detection probability Pd and signal to noise ratio correction factor k [with reference to a < < night vision system > > for ring equality, publishing house of Beijing Institute of Technology].

The parameter of electro-optical system arranges module and comprises the electro-optical system service band λ being arranged by user ₁～λ ₂, λ wherein ₁< λ ₂, the brightness L of magnifying power M, display, the corresponding data table of the modulation transfer function of system and spatial frequency f, the corresponding data table of system noise function σ and spatial frequency f, detection probability Pd, observes grade (finding, identify, recognize Three Estate).

It is the service band according to electro-optical system that gun muzzle cigarette flame transmission factor arranges functions of modules, is written into the contrast transmission factor of gun muzzle cigarette flame by user.

The computing module of electro-optical system operating distance, be under the condition that has cigarette flame and smokeless flame according to systemic effect distance the relational expression with detection system signal to noise ratio, adopt successive approximation approach to solve in the operating distance requiring under signal to noise ratio.

The function of show preserving module is according to gun muzzle cigarette flame over time, by estimation have cigarette flame and smokeless flame operating distance over time curve be presented at image display area, and store.

And the concrete computational process of electro-optical system operating distance computing module is:

Step 5.1: set operating distance initial value R, the present embodiment is elected 0.1km as, calculates respectively the mean transmissivity τ causing due to atmospheric scattering in R distance _s, steam mean transmissivity τ _amean transmissivity τ with carbon dioxide _b:

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_s=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}\exp [(-3.91/V)*{({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_0/\mathrm{\&lambda;})}^q*R]\mathrm{d\&lambda;}/({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2)$

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_a=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_h\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{d\&lambda;}/({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1)$

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_b=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_c\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{d\&lambda;}/({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1)$

Obtain atmospheric transmittance τ ₀=τ _sτ _aτ _b; Wherein λ is wavelength, λ ₁～λ ₂for electro-optical system service band, λ ₀=0.55 μ m, V is 0.55 μ m place horizontal visibility, unit is km, when V>=50km, q=1.6; When 20km<V<50km, q=1.4; When 6km<V≤20km, q=1.3; When V≤6km, τ _h(λ) be illustrated under corresponding ω condition, the moisture-vapor transmission that wavelength X is corresponding, ω is the millimeter of condensable water in R distance, ω=ρ _s* Rh*R, ρ _sfor the saturated steam density under relevant temperature, Rh is relative atmospheric humidity; τ _c(λ) be illustrated in carbon dioxide transmitance corresponding to wavelength X in R distance;

Step 5.2: according to following equation

${\mathrm{Vs}}^{\&prime;}=\frac{\sqrt{C_0*{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_0*A_t}}{R}*\sqrt{\mathrm{CRTF}}*\underset{f_1}{\overset{f_2}{\&Integral;}}\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{MTF}\left(f\right)}{\frac{\mathrm{af}}{M}\exp (-\frac{\mathrm{bf}}{M})\sqrt{1+0.06\exp \left(\frac{\mathrm{bf}}{M}\right)}\sqrt{[1+\frac{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^2{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2\left(f\right)}{L^2}]}}}\mathrm{df}$

According to demand, select to calculate target background and after atmosphere, the decay of cigarette flame, arrive the signal to noise ratio Vs of electro-optical system ₁' and target background after atmospheric attenuation, arrive the signal to noise ratio Vs of electro-optical system ₂', C wherein ₀for the initial contrast of target background, A _tfor the effective area of target, CRTF is cigarette flame contrast transmission factor, according to the service band of electro-optical system, selects cigarette flame contrast transmission factor corresponding in step 4, when calculating Vs ₂' time, CRTF=1, the modulation transfer function that MTF (f) is electro-optical system, M is electro-optical system magnifying power, L is the brightness of electro-optical system display, α=169.6, the root mean square noise function that σ (f) is display, f is spatial frequency, f ₁and f ₂be respectively lower limit and the upper limit of f in MTF (f),

$a=\frac{540{(1+0.7/L)}^{-0.2}}{1+\frac{12R}{M\sqrt{A_t}(1+\frac{f}{3M})}},b=0.3{(1+\frac{100}{L})}^{0.15};$

At visible ray near infrared band, in medium wave and long wave infrared region, wherein $M_t=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_t{C}_1}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}^5}*\frac{1}{\exp (C_2/\left({\mathrm{\&lambda;T}}_t\right)-1)}\mathrm{d\&lambda;},M_b=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_b{C}_1}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}^5}*\frac{1}{\exp (C_2/\left({\mathrm{\&lambda;T}}_b\right)-1)}\mathrm{d\&lambda;},$ L _tfor the mean flow rate of target at visible ray near infrared band, L _bfor the mean flow rate of background at visible ray near infrared band, ε _tfor the emissivity of target at corresponding infrared band, ε _bfor the emissivity of background at corresponding infrared band, T _tfor target absolute temperature, T _bfor background absolute temperature, C ₁for first radiation constant, C ₁=3.74 * 10 ⁴w μ m/cm ², C ₂for second radiation constant, C ₂=1.44 * 10 ⁴μ mK.

Step 5.3: under selected observation grade, if | Vs ₁'-Vs|≤0.01, represent when detection probability be Pd and while having cigarette flame the operating distance of electro-optical system be R, otherwise make R=R+0.1 (km), repeating step 5.1 and step 5.2, recalculate Vs ₁' and judge; Under selected observation grade, if | Vs ₂'-Vs|≤0.01, represents that the operating distance of electro-optical system when detection probability is Pd and smokeless flame is R, otherwise makes R=R+0.1 (km), repeating step 5.1 and step 5.2, recalculate Vs ₂' and judge; Wherein Vs is the desired signal to noise ratio of the system detection of a target; Observe grade and be divided into discovery, identification and identification Three Estate; Finding under calling hierarchy Vs=2.7k; Under identification requirement grade, Vs=10.8k; Under identification calling hierarchy, Vs=17.3k, k is signal to noise ratio correction factor; K is determined by detection probability Pd.

Step 6: obtain being Pd and observing accordingly under class requirement at detection probability, electro-optical system is having the Changing Pattern of the operating distance under cigarette flame and smokeless flame condition, to there is the operating distance variation under cigarette flame and smokeless flame condition to be depicted as curve, and be presented on screen, and the operating distance of calculating is preserved.

Claims (9)

1. the device of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact, is characterized in that: comprise CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system, visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target, infrared cooperative target target, infrared cooperative target target control system; Visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target and infrared cooperative target target are arranged on respectively on Height Adjustable support; Visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target surface label has the black and white pattern that represents target background; Infrared cooperative target target is spliced by polylith heating plate, every heater plate surface blacking, and the temperature difference of every heating plate and environment is controlled separately by infrared cooperative target target control system; CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system are placed on respectively the proceeds posterolateral of gun muzzle, near the field of view center of the central area that makes gun muzzle cigarette flame in CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system; Visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target is placed on side the place ahead of gun muzzle, and near the field of view center in CCD imaging acquisition system; Infrared cooperative target target is placed on side the place ahead of gun muzzle, and near the field of view center in medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system.

2. the device that a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame affects electro-optical system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the heating plate in infrared cooperative target target is spliced according to matrix structure.

3. the device of a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame on electro-optical system impact according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the poor Δ t of being of the highest temperature of every heating plate and environment in infrared cooperative target target, and Δ t >=50 ℃, temperature-controlled precision is 0.1 ℃.

4. the device that a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame affects electro-optical system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system are L along trajectory line direction and gun muzzle distance ₁, L ₁>=15m, and CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, the sight line of long wave thermal imaging acquisition system and the angle of trajectory line be θ, 10 °≤θ≤15 °.

5. the device that a kind of testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame affects electro-optical system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target and infrared cooperative target target are L along trajectory line direction and gun muzzle distance ₂, L ₂>=20m.

6. the method that testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame affects electro-optical system, is characterized in that: adopt following steps:

Step 1: regulate infrared cooperative target target by infrared cooperative target target control system, making the odd column unit of infrared cooperative target target and the temperature difference of environment is Δ t ₁, the temperature difference of even column unit and environment is Δ t ₂, Δ t wherein ₁>=50 ℃ and Δ t ₂≤ 0.5 ℃, or Δ t ₂>=50 ℃ and Δ t ₁≤ 0.5 ℃;

Step 2: the parameter that regulates CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system, make near the visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target blur-free imaging field of view center of CCD imaging acquisition system, make near the infrared cooperative target target blur-free imaging field of view center of medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system respectively;

Step 3: startup CCD imaging acquisition system, medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system, long wave thermal imaging acquisition system are carried out IMAQ before ammunition transmitting, finishes IMAQ when gun muzzle cigarette dissipates completely after ammunition transmitting;

Step 4: calculate respectively the target background contrast C that visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target in front CCD imaging acquisition system appears in gun muzzle cigarette flame ₀₁, the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system ₀₂and the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in long wave thermal imaging acquisition system ₀₃; Calculate the target background contrast C that visible ray near-infrared cooperative target target in CCD imaging acquisition system in the same time appears in whole process not in cigarette flame ₁, the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in medium wave thermal imaging acquisition system ₂and the target background contrast C of infrared cooperative target target in long wave thermal imaging acquisition system ₃; Obtain visible ray near infrared band cigarette flame contrast transmission factor CRTF ₁=C ₁/ C ₀₁, medium-wave infrared cigarette flame contrast transmission factor CRTF ₂=C ₂/ C ₀₂with LONG WAVE INFRARED cigarette flame contrast transmission factor CRTF ₃=C ₃/ C ₀₃;

Step 5: adopting following steps to calculate respectively electro-optical system when detection probability is Pd is having the operating distance under cigarette flame and smokeless flame state:

Step 5.1: set operating distance initial value R, calculate respectively the mean transmissivity τ causing due to atmospheric scattering in R distance _s, steam mean transmissivity τ _amean transmissivity τ with carbon dioxide _b:

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_s=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}\exp [(-3.91/V)*{({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_0/\mathrm{\&lambda;})}^q*R]\mathrm{d\&lambda;}/({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1)$

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_a=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_h\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{d\&lambda;}/({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1)$

${\mathrm{\&tau;}}_b=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_c\left(\mathrm{\&lambda;}\right)\mathrm{d\&lambda;}/({\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1)$

Obtain atmospheric transmittance τ ₀=τ _sτ _aτ _b; Wherein λ is wavelength, λ ₁～λ ₂for electro-optical system service band, λ ₀=0.55 μ m, V is 0.55 μ m place horizontal visibility, unit is km, when V>=50km, q=1.6; When 20km<V<50km, q=1.4; When 6km<V≤20km, q=1.3; When V≤6km, τ _h(λ) be illustrated under corresponding ω condition, the moisture-vapor transmission that wavelength X is corresponding, ω is the millimeter of condensable water in R distance, ω=ρ _s* Rh*R, ρ _sfor the saturated steam density under relevant temperature, Rh is relative atmospheric humidity; τ _c(λ) be illustrated in carbon dioxide transmitance corresponding to wavelength X in R distance;

Step 5.2: according to following equation

${\mathrm{Vs}}^{\&prime;}=\frac{\sqrt{C_0*{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_0*A_t}}{R}*\sqrt{\mathrm{CRTF}}*\underset{f_1}{\overset{f_2}{\&Integral;}}\sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{MTF}\left(f\right)}{\frac{\mathrm{af}}{M}\exp (-\frac{\mathrm{bf}}{M})\sqrt{1+0.06\exp \left(\frac{\mathrm{bf}}{M}\right)}\sqrt{[1+\frac{{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^2{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2\left(f\right)}{L^2}]}}}\mathrm{df}$

According to demand, select to calculate target background and after atmosphere, the decay of cigarette flame, arrive the signal to noise ratio Vs of electro-optical system ₁' or target background after atmospheric attenuation, arrive the signal to noise ratio Vs of electro-optical system ₂', C wherein ₀for the initial contrast of target background, A _tfor the equivalent area of target, CRTF is cigarette flame contrast transmission factor, according to the service band of electro-optical system, selects cigarette flame contrast transmission factor corresponding in step 4, when calculating Vs ₂' time, CRTF=1, the modulation transfer function that MTF (f) is electro-optical system, M is electro-optical system magnifying power, L is the brightness of electro-optical system display, α=169.6, the root mean square noise function that σ (f) is display, f is spatial frequency, f ₁and f ₂be respectively the upper and lower bound of f in MTF (f),

$a=\frac{540{(1+0.7/L)}^{-0.2}}{1+\frac{12R}{M\sqrt{A_t}(1+\frac{f}{3M})}},b=0.3{(1+\frac{100}{L})}^{0.15};$

Step 5.3: under selected observation grade, if | Vs ₁'-Vs|≤0.01, represent when detection probability be Pd and while having cigarette flame the operating distance of electro-optical system be R, otherwise make R=R+0.1 (km), repeating step 5.1 and step 5.2, recalculate Vs ₁' and judge; Under selected observation grade, if | Vs ₂'-Vs|≤0.01, represents that the operating distance of electro-optical system when detection probability is Pd and smokeless flame is R, otherwise makes R=R+0.1 (km), repeating step 5.1 and step 5.2, recalculate Vs ₂' and judge; Wherein Vs is the desired signal to noise ratio of the system detection of a target; Observe grade and be divided into discovery, identification and identification Three Estate;

Step 6: obtain being Pd and observing accordingly under class requirement at detection probability, electro-optical system is having the Changing Pattern of the operating distance under cigarette flame and smokeless flame condition.

7. a kind of method that testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame affects electro-optical system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: R initial value is 0.1km.

8. a kind of method that testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame affects electro-optical system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: finding under calling hierarchy Vs=2.7k; Under identification requirement grade, Vs=10.8k; Under identification calling hierarchy, Vs=17.3k, k is signal to noise ratio correction factor; K is determined by detection probability Pd.

9. a kind of method that testing evaluation gun muzzle cigarette flame affects electro-optical system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: at visible ray near infrared band, in medium wave and long wave infrared region, wherein $M_t=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_t{C}_1}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}^5}*\frac{1}{\exp (C_2/\left({\mathrm{\&lambda;T}}_t\right)-1)}\mathrm{d\&lambda;},M_b=\underset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}{\overset{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}{\&Integral;}}\frac{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_b{C}_1}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}^5}*\frac{1}{\exp (C_2/\left({\mathrm{\&lambda;T}}_b\right)-1)}\mathrm{d\&lambda;},$ L _tfor the mean flow rate of target at visible ray near infrared band, L _bfor the mean flow rate of background at visible ray near infrared band, ε _tfor the emissivity of target at corresponding infrared band, ε _bfor the emissivity of background at corresponding infrared band, T _tfor target absolute temperature, T _bfor background absolute temperature, C ₁for first radiation constant, C ₁=3.74 * 10 ⁴w μ m/cm ², C ₂for second radiation constant, C ₂=1.44 * 10 ⁴μ mK.