CN104098233B - 一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地 - Google Patents
一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104098233B CN104098233B CN201410375811.XA CN201410375811A CN104098233B CN 104098233 B CN104098233 B CN 104098233B CN 201410375811 A CN201410375811 A CN 201410375811A CN 104098233 B CN104098233 B CN 104098233B
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- artificial swamp
- pond
- immobilized microorganism
- constant temperature
- layer
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- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furfural Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，包括人工湿地池、进水管路、曝气装置、出水单元和固定化微生物板，人工湿地池从上往下共5层，依次为：砂土层、糠醛渣层、钢渣层、砾石层和固定化微生物层；固定化微生物层安装有固定化微生物板，固定化微生物板下侧安装有曝气装置，曝气装置下侧设置有由进水管和布水支管组成的进水管路，固定化微生物层与砾石层之间设置钢丝网；出水单元由出水孔、集水槽和集水槽排水管组成；人工湿地池采用钢板制成，池体内部设置保温层，池体可拆分，池体内部安装发热恒温棒。本发明具有如下的优点：保温可拆卸，将微生物法与人工湿地有机结合有效提高人工湿地污水处理效率。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及污水处理领域，更具体地说涉及一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地。
背景技术
[0002] 人工湿地是20世纪70年代发展起来的一种新型污水处理工艺，他利用自然系统 中的物理、化学和生物三重协同作用来实现污水的净化。人工湿地污水处理技术具有处理 效果好、氮磷去除率高、运转维护方便、工程基建和运转费用低等优势，因而被广泛应用到 生活污水处理、工业污水处理以、矿山及石油开采、农业点源和面源污染以及水体富营养化 问题处理。
[0003] 传统活性污泥法在污水处理中应用非常广泛，主要因为活性污泥中含有大量的活 性微生物，这些微生物能够快速有效地去除污水中的有机物，并具有良好的脱氮除磷效果， 但传统的活性污泥法污泥混合在污水中处于一种流态。目前，将微生物固定化技术得到国 内外广泛的关注，如专利号为：200910056687.x专利说明书中介绍了一种固定化微生物的 制备方法；固定化微生物主要特征是微生物固定成一种固态，放在污水中具有固定的形状， 且微生物不丧失活性，具有良好的污水处理效果。
[0004] 人工湿地在污水处理工艺相较于其他传统的污水处理工艺水力停留时间较长，人 工湿地的污水中的有机物、氮磷等其他有害物质主要通过滤料的吸附作用去除，滤料缝隙 中会吸附少量的微生物，微生物可通过自身作用去除污水中的有机物和氮磷，但滤料中的 微生物含量较少因此微生物作用有限，过量的游离态微生物容易导致滤料堵塞。
[0005] 本发明主要将固定化微生物应用在人工湿地系统中，增加微生物作用效果，同时 由于微生物处于固定化状态，因此不易导致人工湿地堵塞，提高人工湿地整体的污水处理 效果。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的在于，提供一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地。采用本装置能够有效提 高人工湿地的污水处理效果；为达到上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
[0007] -种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，包括人工湿地池、进水管路、曝气装置及出水单 元，其特征在于，还包括固定化微生物板和太阳能板，所述的人工湿地池从上往下共5层， 依次为：砂土层、糠醛渣层、钢渣层、砾石层和固定化微生物层；所述的固定化微生物层安 装有固定化微生物板，固定化微生物板下侧安装有由曝气总管和曝气支管组成的曝气装 置，曝气总管穿过池壁，曝气总管上安装有气体阀门和气体流量计，在曝气装置下侧设置有 由进水管和布水支管组成的进水管路，进水管穿过池壁，进水管上安装有液体阀门和液体 流量计；固定化微生物层与砾石层之间设置钢丝网；所述的出水单元由出水孔、集水槽和 集水槽排水管组成，出水单元设置在人工湿地池上端与进水管所在池壁对立；所述的人工 湿地池主要由上部池体、中间池体和底部池体三部分构成，上部池体池壁底部设置有凸口， 中间池体池壁上部设置有凹槽下部设置有凸口，底部池体池壁上部设置有凹槽，各部池体 的凸口和凹槽之间相吻合；所述的人工湿地池采用钢板建造，池体内部安装一层保温层，保 温层由池体内壁和钢板围成腔体，在腔体内加入保温棉；在人工湿地池中安装2~4个发热 恒温棒，发热恒温棒放置在滤料中间，所述的太阳能板通过支架固定在人工湿地池上，太阳 能与发热恒温棒之间电连接。
[0008] 所述的固定化微生物板由活性污泥通过与化学药剂混合抹在模板上，活性污泥干 后固定在模板上；固定化微生物板厚度为5. 5cm~7. 5cm，长为40cm~55cm，宽为20cm~35cm; 固定化微生物板设置有4个固定脚。
[0009] 所述的固定化微生物层竖直方向安装2~3层固定化微生物板，固定化微生物层为 30cm~38cm。
[0010] 所述的砾石层由下往上砾石粒径依次变小，最底层砾石粒径为2. 8cm~3. 5cm，砾石 层最上层烁石粒径为lcm~l. 5cm，烁石层高度为30cm~35cm。
[0011] 所述的钢渣粒径为钢渣层高度为30cm~35cm。
[0012] 所述的糠醛渣层，粒径为4mm~8mm，高度为20cm~25cm。
[0013] 所述的由布水支管和进水管组成的进水管路距人工湿地池底6cm~10cm。
[0014] 所述的钢丝网与人工湿地池内池壁通过卡口和卡槽连接，钢丝网网孔孔径小于 lcm〇
[0015] 所述的进水管、布水支管、曝气总管和曝气支管均采用PVC管。
[0016] 本发明具有如下的优点：具有恒温作用，可拆卸，将微生物法与人工湿地有机结 合，加强了人工湿地中微生物的作用，有效提高人工湿地污水处理效率，占地面积小，投资 成本低。
附图说明
[0017] 图1为本发明的结构示意图；
[0018] 图2为本发明A-A剖面图；
[0019] 图3为本发明B-B剖面图；
[0020] 图4为本发明C-C剖面图；
[0021] 图5为本发明D-D剖面图；
[0022] 图6为本发明E，即钢丝网连接处，的放大图
[0023] 图7为本发明中太阳能与发热恒温棒之间的电路连接示意图。
[0024] 其中，1、人工湿地池；2、糠醛渣；3、钢渣；4、钢丝网；5、固定化微生物板；6、砾石； 7、集水槽；8、集水槽排水管；9、出水孔；ΙΟ-a、曝气总管；ΙΟ-b、进水管；ΙΙ-a、气体阀门； ΙΙ-b、液体阀门；12-a、气体流量计；12-b、液体流量计；13-a、曝气支管；13-b、布水支管； 14、保温层；15、太阳能板；16、发热恒温棒；17、卡口；18、卡槽。
具体实施方式
[0025] 下面以附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
[0026] 如图1一4所示，一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，包括人工湿地池1、进水管路、曝 气装置及出水单元，还包括固定化微生物板5和太阳能板15,所述的人工湿地池从上往下 共5层，依次为：砂土层、糠醛渣层、钢渣层、砾石层和固定化微生物层；固定化微生物板5 放在最底层主要便于优先利用进水中的有机物，减小滤料的吸附作用，延长滤料的使用寿 命；固定化微生物层安装有固定化微生物板5,固定化微生物板5下侧安装有由曝气总管 ΙΟ-a和曝气支管13-a组成的曝气装置，曝气总管ΙΟ-a穿过池壁，曝气总管ΙΟ-a上安装有 气体阀门ΙΙ-a和气体流量计12-a，曝气总管ΙΟ-a与产气装置通过管到连接，气体流量计 12-a和气体阀门ΙΙ-a可控制曝气量，在曝气装置下侧设置有由进水管ΙΟ-b和布水支管 13-b组成的进水管路，进水管ΙΟ-b穿过池壁，进水管ΙΟ-b上安装有液体阀门ΙΙ-b和液体 流量计12-b，进水管ΙΟ-b与污水源水连接，污水通过进水管ΙΟ-b由液体阀门ΙΙ-b和液体 流量计12-b控制进水流量，从布水支管13-b均匀分布在池中；固定化微生物层与砾石层之 间设置钢丝网4,主要将砾石6与固定化微生物板5隔开；出水单元由出水孔9、集水槽7和 集水槽排水管8组成，出水单元设置在人工湿地池上端与进水管ΙΟ-b所在池壁对立，污水 由布水支管13-b流出依次通过微生物好氧处理、砾石6过滤、钢渣3过滤、糠醛渣2过滤后 从出水孔9流出到集水槽7,再从集水槽7中的集水槽排水管8流出，实现整个装置的处理 过程；所述的人工湿地池1主要由上部池体Ι-a、中间池体Ι-b和底部池体1-c三部分构成， 上部池体Ι-a池壁底部设置有凸口，中间池体Ι-b池壁上部设置有凹槽下部设置有凸口，底 部池体1-c池壁上部设置有凹槽，各部池体的凸口和凹槽之间相吻合；可根据实际需要增 加或减少中间池体的数量；所述的人工湿地池采用钢板材料建造，安装时凸口和凹槽之间 加入垫片可防止漏水，整个装置便于运输；池体内部安装一层保温层14,保温层14由池体 内壁和钢板围成腔体，在腔体内加入保温棉；所述的太阳能板15通过支架固定在人工湿地 池上部，太阳能板15与发热恒温棒16之间电连接，在冬季太阳能板15吸收日光将光能转 化成电能储存到蓄电池中，电压/电流变换器将蓄电池中电转换成合适的电压和电流供发 热恒温棒16使用，采用的发热恒温棒16具有恒温效果当温度达到设定的值时，发热恒温棒 16停止工作，当温度低于某一设定值时发热恒温棒16工作，当蓄电池中电量不足时可通过 外接电源提供电能供发热恒温棒16使用。
[0027] 其中；固定化微生物板5由活性污泥通过与化学药剂混合抹在模板上，活性污 泥干后固定在模板上；固定化微生物板5厚度为5. 5cm~7. 5cm，长为40cm~55cm，宽为 20cm~35cm;固定化微生物板设置有4个固定脚，便于与池体固定连接。在池中固定化微生 物层竖直方向安装2~3层固定化微生物板5,固定化微生物层高度为30cm~38cm。
[0028] 烁石层由下往上烁石粒径依次变小，最底层烁石6粒径为2. 8cm~3. 5cm，烁石层最 上层烁石6粒径为lcm~l. 5cm，烁石层高度为30cm~35cm。
[0029] 所述的钢渣粒径为钢渣层高度为30cm~35cm。
[0030] 糠醛渣层，粒径为4mm~8mm，高度为20cm~25cm。
[0031] 如图6所示，所述的钢丝网4与人工湿地池1内池壁通过卡口 17和卡槽18连接， 钢丝网4网孔孔径小于lcm，防止砾石6漏出。
[0032] 如图5所示的进水管路，其中油布水支管13-b和进水管ΙΟ-b组成的进水管路距 人工湿地池1底部高为6cm~10cm。其中，进水管10_b、布水支管13_b、曝气总管10_a和曝 气支管13-a均采用PVC管。 实施例
[0033] 在一个优选实施例中，人工湿地池体长1. 5m、宽1. 2m、高1. 2m;烁石层底层选用 2. 8cm~3. 5cm的烁石，烁石层厚30cm，烁石层顶部选用lcm~l. 5cm的烁石；钢渣层钢渣选用 钢渣层厚30cm，糠醛渣选用粒径为4mm~8mm，糠醛渣层厚20cm，沙土层厚10cm，砂 土层上种植芦苇；固定化微生物层上下共安装2层固定化微生物板，每层安装4块，每块固 定化微生物板尺寸：长X宽X高：40cmX25cmX6cm，曝气装置安装在固定化微生物板下 端，曝气支管采用微孔曝气进水管路曝气管下侧安装进水管路距池底6cm;进水量为0.lm3/ h，曝气量为0· 5~0· 8m3/h，水力停留时间为20h左右。
[0034] 以下表格为对该实施例进行污水处理检测得出的实验数据：
[0035]
[0036] 由上表可以发现：人工湿地出水水质非常稳定，TN去除率达到60%以上，其他 各类污染物去除率均能达到80%以上去除率，达到《城市污水处理厂污染物排放标准》 (GB18918-2002)中一级A排放标准。
Claims (9)
1. 一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，包括人工湿地池、进水管路、曝气装置及出水单元， 其特征在于，还包括固定化微生物板和太阳能板，所述的人工湿地池从上往下共5层，依次 为：砂土层、糠醛渣层、钢渣层、砾石层和固定化微生物层；所述的固定化微生物层安装有 固定化微生物板，固定化微生物板下侧安装有由曝气总管和曝气支管组成的曝气装置，曝 气总管穿过池壁，曝气总管上安装有气体阀门和气体流量计，在曝气装置下侧设置有由进 水管和布水支管组成的进水管路，进水管穿过池壁，进水管上安装有液体阀门和液体流量 计；固定化微生物层与砾石层之间设置钢丝网；所述的出水单元由出水孔、集水槽和集水 槽排水管组成，出水单元设置在人工湿地池上端与进水管所在池壁对立；所述的人工湿地 池主要由上部池体、中间池体和底部池体三部分构成，上部池体池壁底部设置有凸口，中间 池体池壁上部设置有凹槽下部设置有凸口，底部池体池壁上部设置有凹槽，各部池体的凸 口和凹槽之间相吻合；所述的人工湿地池采用钢板建造，池体内部安装一层保温层，保温层 由池体内壁和钢板围成腔体，在腔体内加入保温棉；在人工湿地池中安装2~4个发热恒温 棒，发热恒温棒放置在滤料中间，所述的太阳能板通过支架固定在人工湿地池上，太阳能板 与发热恒温棒之间电连接。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，其特征在于，所述的固定化 微生物板由活性污泥通过与化学药剂混合抹在模板上，活性污泥干后固定在模板上；固定 化微生物板厚度为5. 5cm~7. 5cm，长为40cm~55cm，宽为20cm~35cm;固定化微生物板设置有 4个固定脚。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，其特征在于，所述的固定 化微生物层竖直方向安装2~3层固定化微生物板，固定化微生物层高度为30cm~38cm。
4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，其特征在于，所述的砾石 层由下往上烁石粒径依次变小，最底层烁石粒径为2. 8cm~3. 5cm，烁石层最上层烁石粒径为 lcm~l. 5cm，烁石层高度为 30cm~35cm。
5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，其特征在于，所述钢渣层 的钢渣粒径为钢渣层高度为30cm~35cm。
6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，其特征在于，所述的糠醛 渣层的糠醛渣粒径为4mm~8mm，高度为20cm~25cm。
7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，其特征在于，所述的由布 水支管和进水管组成的进水管路距人工湿地池底6cm~10cm。
8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，其特征在于，所述的钢丝网 与人工湿地池内池壁通过卡口和卡槽连接，钢丝网网孔孔径小于lcm。
9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种具有恒温效果的人工湿地，其特征在于，所述的进水管、 布水支管、曝气总管和曝气支管均采用PVC管。
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