CN104092239B - Photovoltaic grid-connected control method based on modular multilevel converter - Google Patents
Photovoltaic grid-connected control method based on modular multilevel converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN104092239B CN104092239B CN201410295096.9A CN201410295096A CN104092239B CN 104092239 B CN104092239 B CN 104092239B CN 201410295096 A CN201410295096 A CN 201410295096A CN 104092239 B CN104092239 B CN 104092239B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a photovoltaic grid-connected control method based on a modular multilevel converter, and belongs to the field of multilevel electronic power converter control and new energy grid connection. According to the method, at the initial starting stage of a photovoltaic system, photovoltaic arrays corresponding to all submodules are controlled to be under maximum power tracking control, a DC conversion circuit is used for precharging a capacitor, and the capacitor is made to reach a preset value; at the normal operation node of a system, double closed loop control is used, the inner loop is in current control, the outer loop is in constant DC voltage control and constant AC voltage control, so that the reference value of fundamental voltages is obtained, valve level control is conducted on all submodules of an MMC through the reference value, switch devices on the corresponding submodules in all phase bridge arms are triggered, inputting or removing of all the submodules is controlled, and expected multilevel voltage output is obtained on an AC side. The photovoltaic grid-connected control method is suitable for photovoltaic grid-connected systems of any voltage levels based on the modular multilevel converter and good in flexibility, and control output can meet the grid power quality demand.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grid-connected control method based on modularization multi-level converter, belong to multilevel power
Electronic power convertor controls and new-energy grid-connected field.
Background technology
In recent years, increasingly severe with environmental pollution and lack of energy problem, solar energy can be again as a kind of cleaning
The raw energy, is more and more paid attention to by countries in the world, China's development and utilization regenerative resource, Optimization of Energy Structure
Dynamics also continue to increase.At present, photovoltaic generation items technology has tended to ripe, and the maximization of photovoltaic plant and simultaneously networking will
It is developing direction from now on and research emphasis.But, developing rapidly with photovoltaic industry, significantly the carrying of photovoltaic power generation capacity
Rise, some problems also highlight accordingly, for example photovoltaic array generating efficiency is low, generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems the various shadows that electrical network is produced
Ring, combining inverter need to meet higher requirement etc..
In large-sized photovoltaic grid-connected system, the quantity of photovoltaic array is ten hundreds of, improves photovoltaic battle array to greatest extent
The solar energy utilization ratio of row, allows it be operated in maximum power state as far as possible, it will increase substantially the generating effect of photovoltaic system
Rate.Therefore many scholars and expert are devoted to the research of photovoltaic array maximal power tracing technology, on the basis of existing algorithm
On improve or propose new algorithm；Core as photovoltaic parallel in system and key, combining inverter needs to meet all
Many requirements, enable maximal power tracing, meet the electrical network quality of power supply and require, have bigger monomer capacity, higher electricity
Pressure grade, active reactive realizes uneoupled control etc..At present, a lot of scholars calculate in the control of research photovoltaic combining inverter
Method.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of grid-connected control method based on modularization multi-level converter, to improve
The solar energy utilization ratio of photovoltaic array, realizes the independent control of active reactive.
The present invention provides a kind of grid-connected control based on modularization multi-level converter for solving above-mentioned technical problem
Method processed, this grid-connected control method comprises the following steps：
1) output voltage and the electric current of each photovoltaic array in photovoltaic parallel in system startup stage, are detected, the electricity that will produce
Can charge so as to reach predetermined value through the electric capacity that DC transfer circuit gives each submodule；
2) using the reference value determining DC voltage voltage control determination watt current, control determination no using determining alternating voltage
The reference value of work(electric current；
3) watt current reference value will be obtained and reactive current reference value will carry out current control, obtain MMC inversion output base
The reference value of wave voltage；
4) with the reference value of fundamental voltage that obtains, to MMC, each submodule carries out valve level control, triggers phase in each phase brachium pontis
Answer the switching device on submodule, control input or the excision of each submodule.
Described step 1) the corresponding photovoltaic array of each submodule carries out maximal power tracing using perturbation observation method to it,
Each photovoltaic array is made to be operated in maximum power point.
Described step 2) middle as follows using the control process determining DC voltage：
Detection inverter exports the measured value Ud of DC voltage, and it is entered with the deviation of reference value Udref of DC voltage
Row PI is adjusted, and the correction obtaining after adjusting adds the product of DC current measures idc and K, obtains result as active
The reference value of electric current, wherein K=2Udref/3Usd.
Described step 2) in reactive current reference value determination process as follows：
The measured value Uabc of detection inverter output AC voltage, carries out dq conversion and obtains d shaft voltage component Usd to it,
The deviation of Usd and its reference value Usd* is carried out PI regulation, the correction obtaining after regulation is the reference value of reactive current.
Described step 3) in current control detailed process as follows：
Detection inverter output AC electricity measured value iabc, it is carried out dq conversion obtain d, q shaft current component isd,
isq；Isd and isq is compared with watt current reference value and reactive current reference value respectively, difference carries out PI tune respectively
Section；D, q axle component U of the correction that the obtains coupling terms and between d, q shaft current and line voltage respectively after adjustingsd、UsqEnter
Row operation, operation result exports the reference value of fundamental voltage d, q axle after coordinate transform for MMC inversion.
Described step 4) valve level control process is：
A the reference value) exporting fundamental voltage according to MMC inversion determines every phase upper and lower bridge arm respectively using PWM modulation technology
Need the submodule number putting into；
B) gather each submodule capacitor voltage value, and it is carried out with sequence from big to small or from small to large；
C submodule number, the size order of actual capacitance voltage and the bridge arm current of input) is needed according to upper and lower bridge arm
Direction, controls the switching of corresponding submodule, to maintain the constant of each submodule capacitor voltage.
Described step C) in the principle of determination sub-module switching be：
If bridge arm current is in as submodule electric capacity charged state, according to the sequence of capacitance voltage, from capacitance voltage
It is worth less submodule BOB(beginning of block), put into the submodule of respective numbers, remaining complete resection in order；
If bridge arm current is in as submodule electric capacity discharge condition, according to the sequence of capacitance voltage, from capacitance voltage
It is worth larger submodule BOB(beginning of block), put into the submodule of respective numbers, remaining complete resection in order.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：In photovoltaic system initial start up phase, the present invention controls the corresponding light of each submodule
Photovoltaic array is under maximal power tracing control, is pre-charged so as to reach predetermined value to electric capacity through DC transfer circuit；In system
Normal run node, using double-closed-loop control, internal ring is current control, and outer shroud is constant DC voltage control and to determine alternating current voltage-controlled
System, to obtain the reference value of fundamental voltage, and with this reference value, to MMC, each submodule carries out valve level control, triggers each phase brachium pontis
In switching device on corresponding submodule, control input or the excision of each submodule, adjust the ratio between bridge arm voltage and simultaneously connect
It is superimposed the output voltage of each submodule, obtain desired voltage with multiple levels output in AC.The present invention is applied to any electricity
The photovoltaic parallel in system based on modularization multi-level converter of pressure grade, motility is good, controls output to meet electrical network electric energy matter
Amount requires.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the photovoltaic parallel in system structure chart based on modularization multi-level converter；
Fig. 2 is photovoltaic array controller principle figure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is modularization multi-level converter cutting-in control theory diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is MMC controller principle figure of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is single photovoltaic array output waveform diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is photovoltaic parallel in system output current wave schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is photovoltaic parallel in system output current THD analysis chart.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described.
The targeted modularization multi-level converter photovoltaic parallel in system of the present invention is as shown in figure 1, this system is by three-phase six
Individual brachium pontis is constituted, and each brachium pontis is by coupling or uncoupled inductance and several identical PSM module-cascades are constituted.Often
Individual PSM module comprises photovoltaic array, DC-DC conversion and SM module, and each SM module is by two IGBT, two reverse two poles
Pipe and a DC capacitor composition.As shown in Fig. 2 the photovoltaic array in each PSM module passes through to detect its output voltage and electricity
Stream, carries out maximal power tracing control, the reference voltage obtaining draws DC transfer circuit breaker in middle device by PWM controller
Trigger pulse, control photovoltaic array be operated in maximum power point, output as much as possible, antithetical phrase module capacitance is filled
Electricity or directly provide electric energy to inverter.
System initial start up phase, the corresponding photovoltaic array of each submodule, under maximal power tracing control, will produce
Electric energy through DC transfer circuit give each submodule electric capacity charge so as to reach predetermined value；System normal operating phase, leads to
Each submodule is controlled to MMC to cross PWM modulation technology, triggers the switching device on corresponding submodule in each phase brachium pontis, controls
The input of each submodule or excision, consistent and constant to ensure each submodule capacitor voltage.Two close cycles control is carried out to system simultaneously
System, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, internal ring is current control, and outer shroud is constant DC voltage control and determines alternating voltage control.Adjust bridge
Ratio between arm voltage the output voltage of each submodule of overlapped in series, obtain desired voltage with multiple levels in AC defeated
Go out.
The above-mentioned large-sized photovoltaic grid-connected system control method based on modularization multi-level converter, its specific implementation step
For：
Photovoltaic array in 1 each PSM module passes through to detect its output voltage and electric current, carries out maximal power tracing control
System, the reference voltage obtaining draws the trigger pulse of DC transfer circuit breaker in middle device by PWM controller, controls photovoltaic battle array
Row are operated in maximum power point, output as much as possible, and antithetical phrase module capacitance is charged or directly provides to inverter
Electric energy.
Obtain output voltage and the electric current of each photovoltaic array by detection, using perturbation observation method to each photovoltaic array
Carry out maximal power tracing so as to be operated in maximum power point, other maximal power tracing control algolithm may also be employed.
2. pass through the measured value Ud that detection obtains DC voltage, adjust through PI with the deviation of reference value Udref of DC voltage
After section, correction adds DC current measures idc and K (K=2Udref/3Usd) product as watt current isd reference
Value；
3. pass through the measured value Uabc that detection obtains inverter output AC voltage, obtain d shaft voltage after dq conversion and divide
Amount Usd, after comparing with reference value * Usd, through pi regulator, output is as reactive current i for differencesqReference value；
4. pass through the measured value iabc that detection obtains inverter output AC electric current, after dq conversion, obtain d, q shaft current
Component isd, isq, respectively with from constant DC voltage control device with determine d, q shaft current component reference that AC voltage controller obtains
Value is compared, and difference is through PI controller, the coupling terms between output and d, q shaft current and d, q axle component U of line voltagesd、
UsqEnter row operation, operation result exports the reference value of fundamental voltage after coordinate transform (dq is to three-phase voltage) for MMC inversion.
5. with the reference value of fundamental voltage that obtains, to MMC, each submodule carries out valve level control, triggers phase in each phase brachium pontis
Answer the switching device on submodule, control input or the excision of each submodule.
Valve level controlling unit mainly includes modulation, sequence and selects three parts, and the constant of submodule capacitor voltage is exactly logical
Cross the realization of this three part.First pass through be applied to MMC modulation technique (PWM) determine every phase upper and lower bridge arm be respectively necessary for put into
Submodule number, then gather each submodule capacitor voltage value, it carried out with sequence from big to small or from small to large, last root
The direction of the submodule number, the size order of actual capacitance voltage and bridge arm current that need to put into according to upper and lower bridge arm, according to as follows
Principle carries out the selection of submodule input or excision, to maintain the constant of each submodule capacitor voltage：
If 1. bridge arm current is in as submodule electric capacity charged state, then the sequence according to capacitance voltage, from electric capacity electricity
Pressure is worth less submodule BOB(beginning of block), puts into the submodule of respective numbers, remaining complete resection in order；
If 2. bridge arm current is in as submodule electric capacity discharge condition, then the sequence according to capacitance voltage, from electric capacity electricity
The larger submodule BOB(beginning of block) of pressure value, puts into the submodule of respective numbers, remaining complete resection in order.
Using above-mentioned control method, the photovoltaic system of Fig. 1 is controlled it is assumed that illumination is 1000W/m before 0.6s2, temperature
Spend for 25 DEG C, illumination after 0.6s is reduced to 800W/m2, temperature is reduced to 23 DEG C, realizes maximal power tracing using perturbation observation method,
When illumination is 1000W/m2When, its output is 85kW, after 0.6s when illumination is reduced to 800W/m2When, each photovoltaic battle array
Row outputs is reduced to 67kW, as shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 6 is photovoltaic parallel in system output current, and before 0.6s, its amplitude is 720A, waveform preferably, harmonic content
Less, its THD is 0.80%, as shown in fig. 7, when illumination is reduced to 800W/m2Afterwards, because output reduces, inversion output electricity
Stream amplitude is reduced to 565A, and THD is 0.72%, and this absolutely proves that this photovoltaic parallel in system sends into the current harmonic content of electrical network
Few, not only can reduce and network pollution, also can reduce filtering and put into, even without wave filter, save project cost.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of grid-connected control method based on modularization multi-level converter is it is characterised in that this grid-connected control method
Comprise the following steps：
1) output voltage and the electric current of each photovoltaic array in photovoltaic parallel in system startup stage, are detected, the electric energy warp that will produce
DC transfer circuit charges so as to reach predetermined value to the electric capacity of each submodule；
2) using the reference value determining DC voltage voltage control determination watt current, control the idle electricity of determination using determining alternating voltage
The reference value of stream；
3) watt current reference value will be obtained and reactive current reference value will carry out current control, obtain MMC inversion output fundamental wave electricity
The reference value of pressure；
4) with the reference value of fundamental voltage that obtains, to MMC, each submodule carries out valve level control, triggers in each phase brachium pontis accordingly son
Switching device in module, controls input or the excision of each submodule；
Described step 2) middle as follows using the control process determining DC voltage：
Detection inverter exports the measured value Ud of DC voltage, by its reference value U with DC voltagedrefDeviation carry out PI tune
Section, the correction obtaining after adjusting adds the product of DC current measures idc and K, obtains result and is watt current
Reference value, wherein K=2Udref/3Usd, UsdD shaft voltage component for inverter output AC voltage measured value；
Described step 2) in reactive current reference value determination process as follows：
The measured value Uabc of detection inverter output AC voltage, carries out dq conversion and obtains d shaft voltage component U to itsd, by UsdWith
Its reference value Usd* deviation carries out PI regulation, and the correction obtaining after regulation is the reference value of reactive current.
2. the grid-connected control method based on modularization multi-level converter according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
Described step 1) the corresponding photovoltaic array of each submodule carries out maximal power tracing using perturbation observation method to it, makes each light
Photovoltaic array is operated in maximum power point.
3. the grid-connected control method based on modularization multi-level converter according to claim 2 it is characterised in that
Described step 3) in current control detailed process as follows：
The measured value iabc of detection inverter output AC electricity, carries out dq conversion and obtains d, q shaft current component isd, isq to it；
Isd and isq is compared with watt current reference value and reactive current reference value respectively, difference carries out PI regulation respectively；Will
D, q axle component U of the correction obtaining after the regulation coupling terms and between d, q shaft current and line voltage respectivelysd、UsqTransported
Calculate, operation result exports the reference value of fundamental voltage after coordinate transform for MMC inversion.
4. the grid-connected control method based on modularization multi-level converter according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
Described step 4) valve level control process is：
A) determine that every phase upper and lower bridge arm is respectively necessary for according to the reference value that MMC inversion exports fundamental voltage using PWM modulation technology
The submodule number putting into；
B) gather each submodule capacitor voltage value, and it is carried out with sequence from big to small or from small to large；
C the side of the submodule number, the size order of actual capacitance voltage and bridge arm current of input) is needed according to upper and lower bridge arm
To the switching of the corresponding submodule of control, to maintain the constant of each submodule capacitor voltage.
5. the grid-connected control method based on modularization multi-level converter according to claim 4 it is characterised in that
Described step C) in the principle of determination sub-module switching be：
If bridge arm current is in as submodule electric capacity charged state, according to the sequence of capacitance voltage, from capacitance voltage value relatively
Little submodule BOB(beginning of block), puts into the submodule of respective numbers, remaining complete resection in order；
If bridge arm current is in as submodule electric capacity discharge condition, according to the sequence of capacitance voltage, from capacitance voltage value relatively
Big submodule BOB(beginning of block), puts into the submodule of respective numbers, remaining complete resection in order.
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| CN104467001B (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2017-01-18 | 云南电网有限责任公司电网规划研究中心 | Control method for DC side voltage of doubly-fed induction wind generator when power grid voltage is unbalanced |
| CN105634257B (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2019-01-29 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of MMC DC side fault current suppressing method based on virtual impedance |
| CN105634258B (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2019-01-29 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of MMC exchange side fault current suppressing method based on virtual impedance |
| CN104932864A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-23 | 许继电气股份有限公司 | Merging-sorting method based on assembly line process and valve control device using merging-sorting method |
| CN105048471B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-12-12 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Wind electric converter net side SVG mode progress control methods in a kind of micro-grid system |
| GB2550421A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-22 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Control of voltage source converters |
| CN106230030B (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2019-11-22 | 东北电力大学 | Multiterminal based on PQ decoupling input photovoltaic parallel in system power control strategy |
| CN106602911B (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-10-23 | 合肥工业大学 | Modular multi-level converter upper and lower bridge arm unbalanced power control method |
| CN108847683B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2023-10-27 | 沈阳工业大学 | Asymmetric component detection and elimination device and method for multi-level photovoltaic inverter |
| CN109103921A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-28 | 许继集团有限公司 | A kind of boosting of photovoltaic DC collects system and its starting control method |
| CN109004817A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-14 | 许继集团有限公司 | A kind of the starting method and DC boosting system of DC boosting system |
| CN109004669B (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-07-10 | 华中科技大学 | Improved passive control method of three-phase grid-connected inverter based on interference observer compensation |
| CN109450272B (en) * | 2018-11-03 | 2020-10-13 | 中车永济电机有限公司 | High-power auxiliary converter and control method thereof |
| CN113078674B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-08-30 | 武汉大学 | Modular photovoltaic grid-connected system based on three-port power channel and control method |
| CN115189574A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-10-14 | 国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院 | DC-reducing voltage sensor modulation method of DC coupling converter |
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| CN102013685A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2011-04-13 | 荣信电力电子股份有限公司 | Transformerless STATCOM (Static Compensator) topological structure based on MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter) |
| CN103337969A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-10-02 | 湖南大学 | Method for MMC type VSC-HVDC system precharge control |
| CN103746392A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-23 | 思源电气股份有限公司 | Static compensator model prediction control method based on modularized multilevel transverter |
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