CN104092002A - H face cross-shaped power splitter - Google Patents

H face cross-shaped power splitter Download PDF

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CN104092002A
CN104092002A CN201310110660.0A CN201310110660A CN104092002A CN 104092002 A CN104092002 A CN 104092002A CN 201310110660 A CN201310110660 A CN 201310110660A CN 104092002 A CN104092002 A CN 104092002A
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coupling cavity
output
face
power splitter
output terminals
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CN104092002B (en
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王清源
谭宜成
李玉萃
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Chengdu Sinoscite Technology Co Ltd
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Chengdu Sinoscite Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses an H face cross-shaped power splitter which comprises a coupling cavity, an input end, an output end A, an output end B and a matching end, wherein the input end, the output end A, the output end B and the matching end are communicated with the coupling cavity. The device can be in a symmetrical structure. The angle between the normal direction of the input end, the output end A, the output end B and the matching end at the center of the interface of the joint with the coupling cavity and the upper end face of the coupling cavity is less than or equal to 30 degrees. The width of the input end, the output end A and the output end B is larger than the height. The height of the matching end is larger than the width. The maximum size of the coupling cavity in a certain direction on the upper end face of the coupling cavity is less than 3/4 of the free space wavelength corresponding to the highest working frequency of the H face cross-shaped power splitter. The H face cross-shaped power splitter provided by the invention has the advantages of simple and compact structure, broad band, low processing and debugging cost, good isolation between the output ends, high amplitude phase precision between the output ends and the like, forms a multichannel power splitter, a comparator, a comparer and the like, and is widely used in radar, missile guidance, communication and other military and civil fields.

Description

H face cross power splitter
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power splitter, specifically, relate to the compact broadband waveguide power divider that a kind of amplitude and phase equalization are good.
Background technology
Power splitter is a kind of general original paper in modern microwave communication and Military Electronics system.Waveguide power divider, due to features such as its power capacity are high, insertion loss is low, is applied very extensive.Two road waveguide power dividers both can be used separately, also can form multichannel power division network by serial connection, for fields such as phased array radar, antenna array and power are synthetic.Existing two road waveguide power dividers mainly comprise E MianTXing branch, H MianTXing branch, waveguide evil spirit T, H face kinds of Slot Coupled Waveguide Hybrids, E face wave guide ring electric bridge (Ring Hybrid or Rat-Race Hybrid) and H face wave guide ring electric bridge etc.Wherein first two device is because isolation between two outputs is low, and the mismatch of any one output port all can have a strong impact on amplitude and the phase accuracy of power division.Between the output port of waveguide evil spirit T, have good isolation, and the phase place between two output ports is identical, but the axis direction of its four waveguide port points to respectively three mutually perpendicular directions, forms complicated 3-D solid structure.Therefore waveguide evil spirit T difficult processing, cost is high, and device is all larger aspect length and width Senior Three, is unfavorable for the miniaturization of device, is more not suitable as unit serial connection and forms multichannel power division network.The axis of the input and output waveguide of H-face kinds of Slot Coupled Waveguide Hybrids is positioned at same plane, can be connected in series thus all waveguide axis of formation and be positioned at conplane multichannel power division network.This power division network can be divided into base and cover plate, utilizes respectively traditional digital control milling technology disposable and convenient and processes, and machining accuracy improves greatly, and processing cost reduces greatly.But, between two output ports of existing H-face kinds of Slot Coupled Waveguide Hybrids, there are 90 intrinsic degree phase differences.In the situation that requiring same-phase output, need to be to carrying out broadband compensation between the phase place of power splitter output ports at different levels.Particularly, when multichannel power division network Miniaturization Design, phase compensating circuit can make device volume and design difficulty greatly improve.Meanwhile, the bandwidth of operation of H-face kinds of Slot Coupled Waveguide Hybrids is narrow.E face wave guide ring electric bridge (Ring Hybrid or Rat-Race Hybrid) and H face wave guide ring electric bridge are also because volume ratio is larger, bandwidth of operation is narrow, its purposes is restricted, and particularly when multichannel power division network Miniaturization Design, wave guide ring electric bridge is seldom used.
In guidance system; above-mentioned waveguide evil spirit T; H face kinds of Slot Coupled Waveguide Hybrids, E face wave guide ring electric bridge (Ring Hybrid or Rat-Race Hybrid) and H face wave guide ring electric bridge etc. are often also come as combiner separately, or use as the combiner network of components and parts formation more complex functions.In this case, the weakness of these devices is still obvious.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of amplitude and phase equalization good, bandwidth of operation can reach more than 20% compact broadband waveguide power divider.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: H face cross power splitter, comprises coupling cavity, the input being communicated with coupling cavity, output terminals A, output B and mating end; Mating end is away from one end matching connection load of coupling cavity; Output terminals A is positioned at coupling cavity left side, and output B is positioned at coupling cavity right side, and mating end is positioned at the front end face of coupling cavity, and input is positioned at the rear end face of coupling cavity, described front end face is the top of paper while vertically placing, and described rear end face is the below of paper while vertically placing.two relative planes that front end face is coupling cavity with rear end face, two relative planes that left side is coupling cavity with right side, output terminals A, output B lay respectively at the both sides of mating end.
Input, output terminals A, output B and mating end and the normal direction of the center of the interface of coupling cavity connecting place and the angle between coupling cavity upper surface be all less than or equal to 30 degree.
Described mating end and coupling cavity angle between the normal direction of the normal direction of the interface center of connecting place and output terminals A and coupling cavity connecting place interface center is greater than 60 degree and is less than 120 degree; Angle between the normal direction of the normal direction of the interface center of described mating end and coupling cavity connecting place and output B and coupling cavity connecting place interface center is greater than 60 degree and is less than 120 degree.
Described output terminals A is positioned at coupling cavity left side, output B is positioned at coupling cavity right side, mating end is positioned at the front end face of coupling cavity, input is positioned at the rear end face of coupling cavity, two relative planes that front end face is coupling cavity with rear end face, two relative planes that left side is coupling cavity with right side, output terminals A, output B lay respectively at the both sides of mating end.
Described coupling cavity is simply connected cavity structure, and any closed curve of this coupling cavity inside can converge on continuously a point in this coupling cavity.Simply connected cavity structure is simply connected region, and simply connected region is one of basic conception of mathematics.If D is plane domain, if the part that in D, arbitrary closed curve is enclosed all belongs to D, claim that D is plane simply connected region.
For minute power splitter situations such as two road power, the structure that described coupling cavity, input, output terminals A, output B and mating end form is left and right mirror image symmetric shape, and output terminals A and output B are relevant to mating end and are symmetry arrangement.
The amplitude of the horizontal component of the electric field of the center of the interface of described mating end and coupling cavity connecting place is greater than the amplitude of its vertical component; The amplitude of the vertical component of the electric field of the center of the interface of input and coupling cavity connecting place is greater than the amplitude of its horizontal component; The amplitude of the vertical component of the electric field of the center of the interface of output terminals A and coupling cavity connecting place is greater than the amplitude of its horizontal component; The amplitude of the vertical component of the electric field of the center of the interface of output B and coupling cavity connecting place is greater than the amplitude of its horizontal component.
Angle between the normal direction of the normal direction of the interface center of described mating end and coupling cavity connecting place and output terminals A and coupling cavity connecting place interface center is less than or equal to 30 degree; Angle between the normal direction of the normal direction of the interface center of described mating end and coupling cavity connecting place and output B and coupling cavity connecting place interface center is less than or equal to 30 degree.
In described input, output terminals A and output B, have at least a port with coupling cavity connecting place be positioned at outside coupling cavitybe provided with the metal column that at least one only contacts its bottom or top.
The upper surface flush of described coupling cavity, input, output terminals A, output B, mating end.
Described coupling cavity full-size in a direction on coupling cavity upper surface is less than or equal to 3/4 of free space wavelength corresponding to the maximum operating frequency of this H face cross power splitter.
Described input, output terminals A, output B are provided with respectively port width away from one end of coupling cavity and change than corresponding each port width the transmission line that is more than or equal to 10%, and this transmission line is empty waveguide or ridge waveguide or coaxial line.
Input, output terminals A, output B are rectangular waveguide or ridge waveguide; Mating end is rectangular waveguide; Coupling cavity is cuboid.
Coupling cavity upper surface and horizontal plane are in the plane of overlooking the coupling cavity that direction sees.
Above-mentioned H face cross power splitter generally speaking, comprises coupling cavity, the input being communicated with coupling cavity, output terminals A, output B and mating end.The outer matching connection load of mating end, matched load is in order to absorb all microwave energies that are coupled to mating end from coupling cavity.With in existing waveguide evil spirit T, have a port and vertical the comparing of its excess-three port, the maximum feature of this invention be input, output terminals A, output B and mating end and normal direction and the angle between coupling cavity upper surface of the center of the interface of coupling cavity connecting place can be zero degree, thereby make this invention planar structure that is as the criterion, greatly simplify the structure of device, and simplified processing and the assembling process of device.Compare with the yardstick of corresponding coupling cavity in existing H face wave guide ring electric bridge, coupling cavity full-size in a direction on coupling cavity upper surface is less than 3/4 of free space wavelength corresponding to the maximum operating frequency of this H face cross power splitter.
Compare with the asymmetric feature of E face wave guide ring electric bridge with existing H face, the structure that the coupling cavity in the present invention, input, output terminals A, output B and mating end can form is left and right mirror image symmetric shape.The intrinsic symmetry of this shape has guaranteed that the power magnitude of two outputs and phase place are on all four in theory.
Be that loop configuration is compared with existing H face with the coupling cavity in E face wave guide ring electric bridge, the coupling cavity in the present invention is simply connected cavity structure, and any closed curve of this coupling cavity inside can converge on continuously a point in this coupling cavity.Be exactly in coupling cavity, not have any other space specifically.
On position arrangement for each port on horizontal plane, on the left side is adjacent with mating end with the right respectively in output terminals A and the output B position on horizontal plane, and mating end and input are output end A on horizontal plane or output B separates.
The degree of depth of the interface of mating end and coupling cavity connecting place is greater than its width on horizontal plane.Input, the degree of depth of the interface of output terminals A and output B and coupling cavity connecting place is less than its width on horizontal plane.The polarised direction that has guaranteed thus the electric field of mating end is mainly horizontal polarization, is greater than the amplitude of its vertical component with the amplitude of the horizontal component of the electric field of the center of the interface of coupling cavity connecting place.Guaranteed that again the polarised direction of the electric field of input, output terminals A and output B is mainly perpendicular polarization, the amplitude of the vertical component of the electric field of the center of the interface of input, output terminals A and output B and coupling cavity connecting place is greater than the amplitude of its horizontal component simultaneously.The degree of depth refers to the height of sensing lower surface, coupling cavity upper surface.Width refers to the length by sensing right side, coupling cavity left side.
Angle between the normal direction of the normal direction of the interface center of mating end and coupling cavity connecting place and output terminals A and coupling cavity connecting place interface center be take zero degree as good, the angle that also can be set to be less than 30 degree or equal 30 degree.Angle between the normal direction of the normal direction of mating end and coupling cavity connecting place interface center and output B and coupling cavity connecting place interface center also be take zero degree as good, the angle that also can be set to be less than 30 degree or equal 30 degree.
In order to increase bandwidth of operation, in input, output terminals A and output B, have at least a port being provided with coupling cavity connecting place the metal that at least one only contacts its bottom or top, metal column does not extend into coupling cavity.Meanwhile, input, output terminals A, output B are respectively arranged with width outward and than corresponding each port width difference, surpass 10% transmission line.Described input, output terminals A, output B are provided with respectively port width away from one end of coupling cavity and change than corresponding each port width the transmission line that is more than or equal to 10%, and this transmission line is empty waveguide or ridge waveguide or coaxial line.
For the ease of this device is divided into base and cover plate, adopt respectively that Numerical-control Milling Machines is disposable to be machined, simplify processing, guarantee better machining accuracy, particularly, when forming thus multichannel power division network, the upper surface of the coupling cavity in this H face cross power splitter, input, output terminals A, output B, mating end all flushes.
The invention provides between a kind of broadband, output, there is good isolation, waveguide power divider that amplitude-phase consistency is good.Because this power splitter can be divided into base and cover plate, adopt respectively that Numerical-control Milling Machines is disposable to be machined, when serial connection forms multichannel power division network mutually, all circuit can be divided into base and cover plate, adopt respectively that Numerical-control Milling Machines is disposable to be machined, greatly simplify thus processing, guaranteed better machining accuracy simultaneously.Compare this invention planar structure that is as the criterion with existing magic T.Compare with existing H face or E face wave guide ring electric bridge, this invention can be selected symmetrical structure, has guaranteed that output terminals A, output B amplitude and the phase place of device is in full accord in theory, and have wider bandwidth of operation simultaneously from structure.This invention also can adopt left-right asymmetry structure, thereby Shi Er road power output is unequal.At this moment, due to the proper phase of two outputs is poor can be less than 90 degree, decile power splitter is uneasy than other two tunnels for its phase matched.
it is pointed out that this power splitter can be used as combiner in the equal timesharing of constant amplitude and uses.At this moment, signal is inputted respectively described power splitter by output terminals A and output B simultaneously, and the difference signal of two signals is exported by mating end, and signal is exported by input.Now the matched load at mating end place is replaced by difference signal passage.
Operation principle of the present invention can be summarized as follows: when microwave signal enters into after coupling cavity by input, mating end, because its polarised direction is vertical with the polarised direction of input, will not have energy output.Energy major part is from output terminals A and output B output.When microwave signal enters into after coupling cavity by output terminals A, portion of energy will be exported from input, and another part energy is exported from mating end, and the energy of exporting by output B is very little.Therefore, realized well the isolation between output terminals A and output B.By adjusting size, shape and the relative position of input, output terminals A, output B, mating end and coupling cavity, and adjusting simultaneously connects the size of the transmission line of each port, can realize the matched well of each port, the good isolation between output, guarantee the width phase accuracy of waveguide power divider in broad frequency range simultaneously.
The invention has the advantages that: totally take volume little, output isolation effect is good, output phase amplitude can reach equiphase output.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is vertical view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the result of calculation curve of embodiment 1.
The corresponding title of attached number in the figure: 1-coupling cavity, 2-input, 3-output terminals A, 4-output B, 5-mating end, 6-metal column, 7-matched load, 8-transmission line.
referring to Fig. 1, described front end face is the top of paper while vertically placing, and described rear end face is the below of paper while vertically placing.Upper surface points to lateral direction for being parallel to paper, and lower surface points to interior side direction for being parallel to paper.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, 2, H face cross power splitter, comprises coupling cavity 1, the input 2 being communicated with coupling cavity 1, output terminals A 3, output B4 and mating end 5.The outer matching connection load 7 of mating end 5, matched load 7 is to absorb all microwave energies that are coupled to mating end 5 from coupling cavity 1.Input 2, output terminals A 3, output B4 and mating end 5 and normal direction and the angle between coupling cavity 1 upper surface of the center of the interface of coupling cavity 1 connecting place can be zero degree or 30 degree or 15 degree, the angle angle in Fig. 1 and 2 is zero degree.Coupling cavity 1 along the full-size on the axis direction of input 2 is on horizontal plane 16millimeter is the maximum operating frequency of this H face cross power splitter 9.3the free space wavelength that GHz is corresponding 1/2(is less than 3/4).
The structure that coupling cavity 1, input 2, output terminals A 3, output B4 and mating end 5 form is left and right mirror image symmetric shape.
Coupling cavity 1 is cuboid structure, is fairly simple simply connected cavity structure.
Output terminals A 3 is positioned at coupling cavity 1 left side, output B4 is positioned at coupling cavity 1 right side, mating end 5 is positioned at the front end face of coupling cavity 1, input 2 is positioned at the rear end face of coupling cavity 1, front end face is two relative planes of coupling cavity 1 with rear end face, left side is two relative planes of coupling cavity 1 with right side, and output terminals A 3, output B4 lay respectively at the both sides of mating end 5.
Mating end 5 is greater than its width on horizontal plane with the degree of depth of the interface of coupling cavity 1 connecting place.The degree of depth of the interface of input 2, output terminals A 3 and output B4 and coupling cavity 1 connecting place is less than its width on horizontal plane.The polarised direction that has guaranteed thus the electric field of mating end 5 is mainly horizontal polarization, is greater than the amplitude of its vertical component with the amplitude of the horizontal component of the electric field of the center of the interface of coupling cavity 1 connecting place.Guaranteed again input 2 simultaneously, the polarised direction of the electric field of output terminals A 3 and output B4 is mainly perpendicular polarization, be input 2, the amplitude of the vertical component of the electric field of the center of the interface of output terminals A 3 and output B4 and coupling cavity 1 connecting place is greater than the amplitude of its horizontal component.
Angle between the normal direction of the normal direction of the interface center of mating end 5 and coupling cavity 1 connecting place and output terminals A 3 and coupling cavity 1 connecting place interface center is zero degree.Angle between the normal direction of the normal direction of mating end 5 and coupling cavity 1 connecting place interface center and output B4 and coupling cavity 1 connecting place interface center is also zero degree.
Input 2, output terminals A 3 and output B4 and coupling cavity 1 connecting place are all provided with respectively a metal column 6 only contacting at its bottom and input 2 or output terminals A 3 or output B4.Meanwhile, input 2, output terminals A 3, output B4 are respectively arranged with width than corresponding wide more than 10% transmission line 8 of each port width in the one end away from coupling cavity, and this transmission line is all waveguide.
The upper surface of coupling cavity 1, input 2, output terminals A 3, output B4, mating end 5 all flushes.
Fig. 3 is the simulation curve of this H face cross power splitter.In figure, S11 represents the reflection coefficient of input.S21 represents that input arrives the transmission coefficient of output terminals A.S31 represents that input is to the transmission coefficient of output B.S22 represents the reflection coefficient of output terminals A, and S33 represents the reflection coefficient of output B.S44 represents the reflection coefficient of mating end.S32 represents the isolating coefficient between output terminals A and output B.
As can be seen from Figure 3, from 7.3g arrives 9.3g surpasses 24within the scope of the relative bandwidth of %, the reflection coefficient of this each port of device all lower than- 18dB, the isolation between two outputs is greater than 22dB, the output of output terminals A 3 between-3dB and-3.2dB between, fluctuation is less than 0.2dB.Because device is symmetrical structure, the amplitude of two outputs and phase place are all in full accord.
Above are only for example, provided preferably one of implementation of the present invention.This invention also can adopt dissymmetrical structure, forms not decile power splitter.In actual production, coupling cavity 1 can be the cavity of various shapes, and inside can also arrange various metal boss or groove.
That H face cross power splitter of the present invention has is simple and compact for structure, 24the relative bandwidth of %, processing and debugging cost are low, width phase precision high between good, the output of isolation between output.Particularly its directrix plane structure, both can be used separately, more can form multi-path power divider, combiner, comparator etc.These devices can be divided into base and cover plate, adopt respectively that Numerical-control Milling Machines is disposable to be machined, and have guaranteed well the machining accuracy of device.This device can be widely used in military affairs and the civil areas such as radar, missile guidance, communication.

Claims (10)

1.H face cross power splitter, is characterized in that, comprises coupling cavity (1), the input (2) being communicated with coupling cavity (1), output terminals A (3), output B(4) and mating end (5); Mating end (5) is away from one end matching connection load (7) of coupling cavity (1); Output terminals A (3) is positioned at coupling cavity (1) left side, output B(4) be positioned at coupling cavity (1) right side, mating end (5) is positioned at the front end face of coupling cavity (1), input (2) is positioned at the rear end face of coupling cavity (1), described front end face is the top of paper while vertically placing, and described rear end face is the below of paper while vertically placing; Front end face is two relative planes of coupling cavity (1) with rear end face, and left side is two relative planes of coupling cavity (1) with right side, output terminals A (3), output B(4) lay respectively at the both sides of mating end (5).
2. H face cross power splitter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described input (2), output terminals A (3), output B(4) and mating end (5) and the normal direction of the center of the interface of coupling cavity (1) connecting place and the angle between coupling cavity (1) upper surface be all less than or equal to 30 degree.
3. H face cross power splitter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the angle between the normal direction of the interface center of described mating end (5) and coupling cavity (1) connecting place and output terminals A (3) and the normal direction of coupling cavity (1) connecting place interface center is greater than 60 degree and is less than 120 degree; Normal direction and the output B(4 of the interface center of described mating end (5) and coupling cavity (1) connecting place) and the normal direction of coupling cavity (1) connecting place interface center between angle be greater than 60 degree and be less than 120 degree.
4. H face cross power splitter according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described coupling cavity (1) is simply connected cavity structure, and the inner any closed curve of this coupling cavity (1) can converge on continuously a point in this coupling cavity (1).
5. H face cross power splitter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, coupling cavity (1), input (2), output terminals A (3), output B(4) and the structure that forms of mating end (5) be left and right mirror image symmetric shape, output terminals A (3) and output B(4) be relevant to mating end (5) and be symmetry arrangement.
6. H face cross power splitter according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the amplitude of the horizontal component of the electric field of the center of the interface of described mating end (5) and coupling cavity (1) connecting place is greater than the amplitude of its vertical component; The amplitude of the vertical component of the electric field of the center of the interface of input (2) and coupling cavity (1) connecting place is greater than the amplitude of its horizontal component; The amplitude of the vertical component of the electric field of the center of the interface of output terminals A (3) and coupling cavity (1) connecting place is greater than the amplitude of its horizontal component; Output B(4) be greater than the amplitude of its horizontal component with the amplitude of the vertical component of the electric field of the center of the interface of coupling cavity (1) connecting place.
7. H face cross power splitter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described input (2), output terminals A (3) and output B(4) in have at least a port to be outside equipped with at least one and only to contact its bottom or metal column (6) at top being positioned at coupling cavity (1) with coupling cavity (1) connecting place.
8. H face cross power splitter according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described coupling cavity (1) full-size in a direction on coupling cavity (1) upper surface is less than or equal to 3/4 of free space wavelength corresponding to the maximum operating frequency of this H face cross power splitter.
9. H face cross power splitter according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described coupling cavity (1), input (2), output terminals A (3), output B(4), the upper surface flush of mating end (5).
10. according to the H face cross power splitter described in any one in claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, described input (2), output terminals A (3), output B(4) in the one end away from coupling cavity (1), be provided with respectively port width and change than corresponding each port width the transmission line (8) that is more than or equal to 10%, and also this transmission line is empty waveguide or ridge waveguide or coaxial line; Input (2), output terminals A (3), output B(4) be rectangular waveguide or ridge waveguide; Mating end (5) is rectangular waveguide; Coupling cavity (1) is cuboid.
CN201310110660.0A 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 H face cruciform power splitter Active CN104092002B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113517524A (en) * 2021-05-01 2021-10-19 厦门大学 E-plane waveguide cross power divider based on symmetric feed

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4367445A (en) * 1981-03-30 1983-01-04 Motorola Inc. Impedance transforming three port power divider
CN101950839A (en) * 2010-09-16 2011-01-19 陕西黄河集团有限公司 Coaxial-waveguide power divider/synthesizer capable of dividing arbitrary path
CN102709664A (en) * 2012-06-19 2012-10-03 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 Novel compact waveguide magic T power divider

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4367445A (en) * 1981-03-30 1983-01-04 Motorola Inc. Impedance transforming three port power divider
CN101950839A (en) * 2010-09-16 2011-01-19 陕西黄河集团有限公司 Coaxial-waveguide power divider/synthesizer capable of dividing arbitrary path
CN102709664A (en) * 2012-06-19 2012-10-03 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 Novel compact waveguide magic T power divider

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113517524A (en) * 2021-05-01 2021-10-19 厦门大学 E-plane waveguide cross power divider based on symmetric feed

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