CN104089871A - Ageing oven suitable for tubular sample - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种适用于管状试样的老化箱，包括用于固定管状试样(2)的试样夹具(1)和多个长条形的老化光源(6)，试样夹具(1)能够驱动该老化箱所处理的管状试样(2)以管状试样(2)的轴线为轴转动，多个长条形的老化光源(6)分布在试样夹具(1)的周围，每个长条形的老化光源(6)的长度方向均与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样(2)的轴线平行，每个长条形的老化光源(6)到该老化箱所能处理的管状试样(2)的轴线的距离均相同。该适用于管状试样的老化箱能够针对高分子材料制的压力管道/气瓶进行外表面实验室光源加速老化试验，并能为进一步的试验提供合格的外表面老化程度均匀的管状高分子试样。
The invention provides an aging box suitable for tubular samples, comprising a sample holder (1) for fixing a tubular sample (2) and a plurality of elongated aging light sources (6), the sample holder (1 ) can drive the tubular sample (2) processed by the aging box to rotate around the axis of the tubular sample (2), and a plurality of elongated aging light sources (6) are distributed around the sample holder (1), The lengthwise direction of each elongated aging light source (6) is parallel to the axis of the tubular sample (2) that the aging box can handle, and each elongated aging light source (6) reaches as far as the aging box can handle. The axes of the treated tubular samples (2) were all at the same distance. The aging box suitable for tubular samples can be used for accelerated aging tests of external surface laboratory light sources for pressure pipes/gas cylinders made of polymer materials, and can provide qualified tubular polymer samples with uniform outer surface aging degree for further tests. Sample.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及高分子材料测试技术领域，具体的是一种适用于管状试样的老化箱。The invention relates to the technical field of polymer material testing, in particular to an aging box suitable for tubular samples.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，随着高分子材料行业的快速发展与技术的成熟，非金属承压设备采用全高分子、高分子复合材料或者高分子涂层材料以在表面改性、力学承载、工程防腐等方面部分甚至全部取代金属材料情况越来越多，并在我国的民生建设、经济发展等重要领域起到重要作用。但由于承压设备服役环境的特殊性，其许多部件往往都受到自然环境与工业环境等多重老化因素诱导。对特种设备而言，高分子材料老化主要的危害是造成其性能损失，导致材料的不合于使用问题。相关行业中高分子材料许多情况下都是最主要防腐措施或者最薄弱的部位，是容易诱发设备失效的重点环节。与之相对应的是，由于研究工作的开展不足，导致我国的检测单位对其老化与失效的认知缺乏，相关的检测标准的严重滞后，给相关设备的安全运行带来难以预知的风险。In recent years, with the rapid development of the polymer material industry and the maturity of technology, non-metallic pressure-bearing equipment adopts full polymer, polymer composite materials or polymer coating materials for surface modification, mechanical bearing, engineering anticorrosion, etc. There are more and more cases of even completely replacing metal materials, and they play an important role in important fields such as people's livelihood construction and economic development in our country. However, due to the particularity of the service environment of pressure equipment, many of its components are often induced by multiple aging factors such as natural environment and industrial environment. For special equipment, the main hazard of polymer material aging is the loss of its performance, which leads to the problem that the material is not suitable for use. In many cases, polymer materials in related industries are the most important anti-corrosion measures or the weakest parts, and are the key links that easily induce equipment failure. Correspondingly, due to insufficient research work, my country's testing units lack awareness of its aging and failure, and the relevant testing standards are seriously lagging behind, which brings unpredictable risks to the safe operation of related equipment.
一般来说，造成高分子材料老化原因主要是由于结构或组分内部具有易引起老化的低能键如具有不饱和双键、支链、羰基、末端上的羟基，等等。对于特种设备所用的高分子材料来说，引起老化环境因素多种多样，主要原因多为阳光(紫外)、氧气(或其他气态氧化质，如臭氧、氯气等)、热、水、应力、以及自然环境如海水、盐雾等。其中，以高能射线为主导因素的光氧老化是最重要的老化形式。Generally speaking, the reason for the aging of polymer materials is mainly due to the low-energy bonds inside the structure or components that are easy to cause aging, such as unsaturated double bonds, branched chains, carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups on the ends, and so on. For polymer materials used in special equipment, there are various environmental factors that cause aging. The main reasons are mostly sunlight (ultraviolet), oxygen (or other gaseous oxidizing substances, such as ozone, chlorine, etc.), heat, water, stress, and Natural environment such as sea water, salt spray, etc. Among them, photo-oxidative aging with high-energy rays as the dominant factor is the most important aging form.
对于高分子老化研究工作而言，如何建立高分子材料的加速老化方法和对老化后的高分子材料的性能评价指标是非常重要的。在实际工况下由于高分子材料的老化是一个缓慢的过程，因此需要对其老化进程进行加速以减少试验时间。目前一般的方法是采用紫外灯、氙灯等高能光源进行辐照对光氧老化进行加速、通过盐雾、湿热和周浸等方法等对热氧老化和涂层失效与基体腐蚀进行加速、进而通过力学性能指标、色差、涂层附着力等判定材料的耐老化能力。For the polymer aging research work, how to establish the accelerated aging method of polymer materials and the performance evaluation index of the aged polymer materials are very important. In actual working conditions, since the aging of polymer materials is a slow process, it is necessary to accelerate the aging process to reduce the test time. At present, the general method is to accelerate photo-oxygen aging by irradiating high-energy light sources such as ultraviolet lamps and xenon lamps, and accelerate thermal-oxygen aging, coating failure, and substrate corrosion through salt spray, damp heat, and surrounding immersion, etc., and then through Mechanical properties, color difference, coating adhesion, etc. determine the aging resistance of the material.
然而对于特种设备而言，单一研究材料的性能而不结合设备构形往往不能对设备失效进行有效表征。特别是承压设备，由于其工作特性，其表征往往需要进行水压爆破等性能试验，因此需要对整件设备进行均匀的加速老化来模拟致其老化的实际工况，因此对加速老化的设备要求极为严格。然而，目前市场上(包括国际市场)常用的加速老化箱均只能针对平板构形的片状试样进行处理，对于复杂构形的高分子/高分子复合材料的特种设备无法适用，难以满足相关工程试验的需要，给后续试验以及标准制定带来很大的桎梏。However, for special equipment, it is often impossible to effectively characterize equipment failure by studying the performance of a single material without combining the configuration of the equipment. Especially for pressure-bearing equipment, due to its working characteristics, its characterization often requires performance tests such as hydraulic blasting. Therefore, it is necessary to uniformly accelerate the aging of the entire equipment to simulate the actual working conditions that cause it to age. Therefore, accelerated aging equipment The requirements are extremely strict. However, the accelerated aging chambers commonly used in the market (including the international market) can only process sheet samples with a flat configuration, and cannot be applied to special equipment for polymers/polymer composites with complex configurations, which is difficult to meet The need for relevant engineering tests has brought great shackles to subsequent tests and standard formulation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决普通的高分子老化箱不适合制作管状高分子试样的问题。本发明提供了一种适用于管状试样的老化箱，该适用于管状试样的老化箱能够针对高分子材料制的压力管道/气瓶进行外表面实验室光源加速老化试验，并能为进一步的试验提供合格的外表面老化程度均匀的管状高分子试样。In order to solve the problem that the ordinary polymer aging box is not suitable for making tubular polymer samples. The invention provides an aging box suitable for tubular samples. The aging box suitable for tubular samples can be used for accelerated aging tests of laboratory light sources on the outer surface of pressure pipes/gas cylinders made of polymer materials, and can be used for further The test provides qualified tubular polymer samples with a uniform degree of aging on the outer surface.
本发明为解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是：一种适用于管状试样的老化箱，包括用于固定管状试样的试样夹具和多个长条形的老化光源，试样夹具能够驱动该老化箱所处理的管状试样以管状试样的轴线为轴转动，多个长条形的老化光源分布在试样夹具的周围，每个长条形的老化光源的长度方向均与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样的轴线平行，每个长条形的老化光源到该老化箱所能处理的管状试样的轴线的距离均相同。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: an aging box suitable for tubular samples, including a sample holder for fixing the tubular sample and a plurality of elongated aging light sources, the sample holder can be driven The tubular sample processed by the aging box rotates around the axis of the tubular sample, and a plurality of strip-shaped aging light sources are distributed around the sample fixture, and the length direction of each strip-shaped aging light source is aligned with the aging The axes of the tubular samples that the box can handle are parallel, and the distance from each strip-shaped aging light source to the axis of the tubular samples that the aging box can handle is the same.
所述适用于管状试样的老化箱还包括光强探头，光强探头位于该老化箱所能处理的管状试样的上方，同时光强探头还位于与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样的外边缘平齐的位置。The aging box suitable for tubular samples also includes a light intensity probe, the light intensity probe is located above the tubular sample that the aging box can handle, and the light intensity probe is also located at the same time as the tubular sample that the aging box can handle. flush with the outer edges of the
光强探头通过探头夹具与探头滑轨连接，光强探头和探头夹具能够沿着探头滑轨往复移动，该探头滑轨沿该老化箱所能处理的管状试样的径向设置。The light intensity probe is connected to the probe slide rail through the probe fixture, the light intensity probe and the probe fixture can reciprocate along the probe slide rail, and the probe slide rail is arranged along the radial direction of the tubular sample that the aging box can handle.
光强探头和多个长条形的老化光源均与光强控制系统连接，该光强控制系统能够根据光强探头接收到的实际辐照强度自动调整老化光源的供电电流实现管状试样接收到的辐照度恒定。The light intensity probe and multiple strip-shaped aging light sources are connected to the light intensity control system. The light intensity control system can automatically adjust the power supply current of the aging light source according to the actual radiation intensity received by the light intensity probe to realize the receiving of the tubular sample. The irradiance is constant.
老化光源以标准方式设置，该标准方式设置为多个长条形的老化光源均匀分布在试样夹具的周围，老化光源的数量为标准值，该标准值为A；A的计算公式为：The aging light source is set in a standard way. The standard way is set as a plurality of strip-shaped aging light sources evenly distributed around the sample fixture. The number of aging light sources is a standard value, and the standard value is A; the calculation formula of A is:
A＝x1×D，x1＝2πr×x0；A=x 1 ×D, x 1 =2πr×x 0 ;
A的数值为四舍五入保留整数，A的单位为个；x1为老化光源的密度，x1的数值为四舍五入保留整数，x1单位为个/mm；D为该老化箱所能处理的管状试样的直径，D的单位为mm；r为该老化箱所能处理的管状试样的半径，r的单位为mm；x0为用常规平板试样老化设备处理管状试样时该常规平板试样老化设备中的老化光源密度，x0的数值为四舍五入保留整数，x0单位为个/mm。The value of A is a rounded integer, and the unit of A is pcs; x 1 is the density of the aging light source, the value of x 1 is a rounded integer, and the unit of x 1 is pcs/mm; D is the tube test tube that the aging box can handle The diameter of the sample, the unit of D is mm; r is the radius of the tubular sample that the aging box can handle, and the unit of r is mm; The aging light source density in the sample aging equipment, the value of x0 is a rounded integer, and the unit of x0 is pcs/mm.
老化光源以精简方式设置，该精简方式设置为仅保留沿顺时针或逆时针方向连续的一半数量的以该标准方式设置的老化光源，该精简方式设置的老化光源的数量为四舍五入保留整数。The aging light source is set in a simplified way, which is set to retain only half of the number of aging light sources set in the standard way that is continuous in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and the number of aging light sources set in this simplified way is rounded to an integer.
老化光源的数量为4个，相邻的两个老化光源与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样轴线的连线之间的夹角为45°。The number of aging light sources is 4, and the angle between two adjacent aging light sources and the axis of the tubular sample that the aging box can handle is 45°.
在该老化箱所能处理的管状试样的轴线方向上，光强探头位于保留的老化光源对应的该老化箱所能处理的管状试样的弧形表面的中心。In the axial direction of the tubular sample that the aging box can handle, the light intensity probe is located at the center of the arc surface of the tubular sample that the aging box can handle corresponding to the reserved aging light source.
老化光源通过光源夹具与光源滑轨连接，老化光源和光源夹具能够沿着光源滑轨往复移动，光源滑轨沿该老化箱所能处理的管状试样的径向设置。The aging light source is connected to the light source slide rail through the light source fixture, the aging light source and the light source fixture can reciprocate along the light source slide rail, and the light source slide rail is arranged along the radial direction of the tubular sample that the aging box can handle.
试样夹具包括用于固定管状试样的转盘，该转盘的轴线与管状试样的轴线重合，试样夹具还包括能够驱动该转盘以该转盘的轴线为轴转动的电机。The sample holder includes a turntable for fixing the tubular sample. The axis of the turntable coincides with the axis of the tubular sample. The sample holder also includes a motor capable of driving the turntable to rotate around the axis of the turntable.
本发明的有益效果是：该适用于管状试样的老化箱能够针对高分子材料制的压力管道/气瓶进行外表面实验室光源加速老化试验，并能为进一步的试验提供合格的外表面老化程度均匀的管状高分子试样。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the aging box suitable for tubular samples can carry out the accelerated aging test of the external surface laboratory light source for the pressure pipe/gas cylinder made of polymer materials, and can provide qualified external surface aging for further tests Tubular polymer sample of uniform degree.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图对本发明所述的一种适用于管状试样的老化箱作进一步详细的描述。An aging box suitable for tubular samples according to the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是第一种实施方式中该适用于管状试样的老化箱的俯视图。Fig. 1 is a plan view of the aging chamber suitable for tubular samples in the first embodiment.
图2是图1中沿A-A方向的剖视图。Fig. 2 is a sectional view along A-A direction in Fig. 1 .
图3是第二种实施方式中老化光源的设置示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the aging light source in the second embodiment.
图4是第三种实施方式中老化光源的设置示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the aging light source in the third embodiment.
其中1.试样夹具，2.管状试样，3.探头滑轨，4.探头夹具，5.光强探头，6.老化光源，7.光源夹具，8.光源滑轨。Among them 1. Sample fixture, 2. Tubular sample, 3. Probe slide rail, 4. Probe fixture, 5. Light intensity probe, 6. Aging light source, 7. Light source fixture, 8. Light source slide rail.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明所述的适用于管状试样的老化箱作进一步详细的说明。一种适用于管状试样的老化箱，所述适用于管状试样的老化箱内包括用于固定管状试样2的试样夹具1和多个长条形的老化光源6，试样夹具1能够驱动该老化箱所处理的管状试样2以管状试样2的轴线为轴转动，多个长条形的老化光源6分布在试样夹具1的周围，每个长条形的老化光源6的长度方向均与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2的轴线平行，每个长条形的老化光源6到该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2的轴线的距离均相同，如图1和图2所示。The aging box suitable for tubular samples according to the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. An aging box suitable for tubular samples, the aging box suitable for tubular samples includes a sample holder 1 for fixing a tubular sample 2 and a plurality of strip-shaped aging light sources 6, the sample holder 1 The tubular sample 2 processed by the aging box can be driven to rotate around the axis of the tubular sample 2, and a plurality of strip-shaped aging light sources 6 are distributed around the sample holder 1, and each strip-shaped aging light source 6 The length direction of the aging box is parallel to the axis of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle, and the distance from each elongated aging light source 6 to the axis of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle is the same, as shown in the figure 1 and Figure 2.
该适用于管状试样的老化箱的主要设计思路是多个老化光源6按圆周状放置在试样夹具1的周围，即在竖直方向上多个老化光源6分布在一个圆上，并保证老化光源6组成的圆与受辐照的管状试样2为同心圆。该适用于管状试样的老化箱能够用于处理塑料管道与塑料气瓶试样，该适用于管状试样的老化箱能够在实验室中通过紫外、氙灯、碳弧灯等标准的高能量加速老化射线光源对非金属管状试样进行符合GB/T14522-2008和GB/T16422.1-2006标准的加速老化试验，即老化光源6为紫外、或氙灯、或碳弧灯，该适用于管状试样的老化箱通过对管状试样2的照射，为进一步的性能测试提供表面均匀的加速老化后试样。The main design idea of this aging box suitable for tubular samples is that a plurality of aging light sources 6 are placed around the sample holder 1 in a circular shape, that is, a plurality of aging light sources 6 are distributed on a circle in the vertical direction, and ensure that The circle formed by the aging light source 6 is concentric with the irradiated tubular sample 2 . The aging box suitable for tubular samples can be used to process plastic pipes and plastic gas cylinder samples. The aging box suitable for tubular samples can be accelerated in the laboratory by standard high-energy methods such as ultraviolet light, xenon lamp, and carbon arc lamp. The aging ray light source conducts accelerated aging tests on non-metallic tubular samples in accordance with GB/T14522-2008 and GB/T16422.1-2006 standards, that is, the aging light source 6 is ultraviolet, or xenon lamp, or carbon arc lamp, which is suitable for tubular test samples. The same aging box provides a sample after accelerated aging with a uniform surface for further performance testing by irradiating the tubular sample 2.
所述适用于管状试样的老化箱内还包括光强探头5，光强探头5位于该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2的上方，同时光强探头5还位于与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2的外边缘平齐的位置。光强探头5用于探测管状试样2外表面受到的辐照强度。The aging box suitable for tubular samples also includes a light intensity probe 5, the light intensity probe 5 is located above the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle, and the light intensity probe 5 is also located at the same time as the aging box. The position where the outer edge of the processed tubular sample 2 is flush. The light intensity probe 5 is used to detect the radiation intensity received by the outer surface of the tubular sample 2 .
光强探头5通过探头夹具4与探头滑轨3连接，光强探头5和探头夹具4能够沿着探头滑轨3往复移动，该探头滑轨3沿该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2的径向设置。管状试样2的半径变化时，光强探头5可以沿管状试样2径向的移动，移动的距离可以通过滑动探头夹具4来实现。具体的，光强探头5与探头夹具4固定连接，探头夹具4能够沿着探头滑轨3往复移动，探头夹具4和探头滑轨3均为现有的装置或结构，不再具体介绍。The light intensity probe 5 is connected to the probe slide rail 3 through the probe fixture 4, and the light intensity probe 5 and the probe fixture 4 can reciprocate along the probe slide rail 3. The probe slide rail 3 can handle the tubular sample 2 along the aging box. radial setting. When the radius of the tubular sample 2 changes, the light intensity probe 5 can move radially along the tubular sample 2 , and the moving distance can be realized by sliding the probe clamp 4 . Specifically, the light intensity probe 5 is fixedly connected to the probe fixture 4, and the probe fixture 4 can reciprocate along the probe slide rail 3. Both the probe fixture 4 and the probe slide rail 3 are existing devices or structures, and will not be described in detail here.
如图1和图2所示，所述适用于管状试样的老化箱还包括光强控制系统，光强探头5和多个长条形的老化光源6均与光强控制系统连接，该光强控制系统能够根据光强探头5接收到的实际辐照强度自动调整老化光源6的供电电流实现管状试样2接收到的辐照度恒定。光强控制系统的作用是当管状试样2直径变化而要保持光源距试样表面的距离不变，需要沿滑轨移动光源，这时会造成光源的密度变化。此时以光强探头5接收到实际辐照强度为依据，系统自动调小或调大供电电流以实现辐照度的恒定。例如光强探头5接收到的实际辐照强度大于预设值，则光强控制系统将减小老化光源6的电流，以降低管状试样2接收到的辐照度；如果光强探头5接收到的实际辐照强度小于预设值，则光强控制系统将增大老化光源6的电流，以提高管状试样2接收到的辐照度，从而实现管状试样2接收到的辐照度恒定。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the aging box suitable for tubular samples also includes a light intensity control system, and the light intensity probe 5 and a plurality of strip-shaped aging light sources 6 are all connected to the light intensity control system. The intensity control system can automatically adjust the power supply current of the aging light source 6 according to the actual irradiance received by the light intensity probe 5 to keep the irradiance received by the tubular sample 2 constant. The function of the light intensity control system is to keep the distance between the light source and the sample surface constant when the diameter of the tubular sample 2 changes, and it is necessary to move the light source along the slide rail, which will cause the density of the light source to change. At this time, based on the actual irradiance intensity received by the light intensity probe 5, the system automatically adjusts the power supply current down or up to keep the irradiance constant. For example, the actual irradiance intensity received by the light intensity probe 5 is greater than the preset value, then the light intensity control system will reduce the current of the aging light source 6 to reduce the irradiance received by the tubular sample 2; if the light intensity probe 5 receives If the actual irradiance received is less than the preset value, the light intensity control system will increase the current of the aging light source 6 to increase the irradiance received by the tubular sample 2, thereby realizing the irradiance received by the tubular sample 2 constant.
老化光源6以标准方式设置时，老化光源6的数量需满足GB/T16422.1-2006的要求，即任意位置光强不得小于最强点的90％。其安置数量可参照ATLAS、Q-LAB等公司的成熟常规平板试样老化试验设备计算，按照可能进行试验的最大直径的管状试样要求的数量进行均匀排布。如多个长条形的老化光源6以圆形均匀分布在试样夹具1的周围。When the aging light source 6 is set in a standard way, the number of the aging light source 6 must meet the requirements of GB/T16422.1-2006, that is, the light intensity at any position shall not be less than 90% of the strongest point. The number of placements can be calculated with reference to the mature conventional flat sample aging test equipment of ATLAS, Q-LAB and other companies, and they are evenly arranged according to the required number of tubular samples with the largest diameter that may be tested. A plurality of strip-shaped aging light sources 6 are evenly distributed around the sample holder 1 in a circular shape.
具体是，该标准方式设置为多个长条形的老化光源6均匀分布在试样夹具1的周围，老化光源6的数量为标准值，该标准值为A；A的计算公式为：Specifically, the standard method is set such that a plurality of strip-shaped aging light sources 6 are evenly distributed around the sample holder 1, and the number of aging light sources 6 is a standard value, and the standard value is A; the calculation formula of A is:
A＝x1×D，x1＝2πr×x0；A=x 1 ×D, x 1 =2πr×x 0 ;
A的数值为四舍五入保留整数，A的单位为个；x1为老化光源6的密度，x1的数值为四舍五入保留整数，x1单位为个/mm；参照目前的成熟产品，在老化光源直径为37mm的情况下，X1的值可取为0.0143；D为该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2的直径，D的单位为mm；r为该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2的半径(按可能进行试验的最大的管状试样2的半径值计算)，r的单位为mm；x0为用常规平板试样老化设备处理管状试样2时该常规平板试样老化设备中的老化光源密度，x0的数值为四舍五入保留整数，x0单位为个/mm。The value of A is rounded to a reserved integer, and the unit of A is pcs; x 1 is the density of the aging light source 6, the value of x 1 is rounded to a reserved integer, and the unit of x 1 is pcs/mm; referring to the current mature products, the diameter of the aging light source In the case of 37mm, the value of X1 can be taken as 0.0143; D is the diameter of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle, and the unit of D is mm; r is the diameter of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle Radius (calculated according to the radius value of the largest tubular sample 2 that may be tested), the unit of r is mm ; The aging light source density, the value of x 0 is rounded to a reserved integer, and the unit of x 0 is pcs/mm.
为了便于进出管状试样2，可将老化光源6数量在老化光源6以标准方式设置的基础上适当减少。即老化光源6以精简方式设置，该精简方式设置为仅保留沿顺时针或逆时针方向连续的二分之一至三分之一数量的以该标准方式设置的老化光源6，该精简方式设置的老化光源6的数量为四舍五入保留整数。如多个长条形的老化光源6以弧形均匀分布光源安装区，该光源安装区为扇形柱，该扇形柱的轴线(相当于扇形的圆心)为管状试样2的轴线，该扇形柱的圆心角为120°～180°。为了便于清楚的说明该老化光源6以精简方式设置，下面举例说明：In order to facilitate access to the tubular sample 2, the number of aging light sources 6 can be appropriately reduced on the basis that the aging light sources 6 are set in a standard manner. That is, the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, and the simplified mode is set to only retain one-half to one-third of the number of aging light sources 6 set in the standard manner in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The number of aging light sources 6 is an integer rounded off. For example, a plurality of elongated aging light sources 6 evenly distribute the light source installation area in an arc shape. The central angle of the circle is 120°～180°. In order to clearly illustrate that the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, the following examples illustrate:
1、老化光源6以标准方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为8个，8个老化光源6在试样夹具1均匀分布，相邻的两个老化光源6与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2轴线的连线之间的夹角为45°(360÷8)。老化光源6以精简方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为4个(8÷2)或3个(8÷3后四舍五入保留整数)，当为4个时，该4个老化光源6为仅保留沿顺时针或逆时针方向连续的4个以该标准方式设置的老化光源6，相邻的两个老化光源6与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2轴线的连线之间的夹角为45°。即老化光源6以精简方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为4个，相邻的两个老化光源6与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2轴线的连线之间的夹角为45°。1. When the aging light source 6 is set in a standard way, the number of aging light sources 6 is 8, and the 8 aging light sources 6 are evenly distributed in the sample holder 1. The adjacent two aging light sources 6 are compatible with the tubular The included angle between the connecting lines of the sample 2 axes is 45° (360÷8). When the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, the number of aging light sources 6 is 4 (8÷2) or 3 (8÷3 and then rounded to retain an integer), when it is 4, the 4 aging light sources 6 are only reserved Four aging light sources 6 arranged in this standard way in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, the angle between two adjacent aging light sources 6 and the axis of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle is 45°. That is, when the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, the number of the aging light source 6 is 4, and the included angle between two adjacent aging light sources 6 and the axis of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle is 45°. °.
2、老化光源6以标准方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为9个，9个老化光源6在试样夹具1均匀分布，相邻的两个老化光源6与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2轴线的连线之间的夹角为40°(360÷9)。老化光源6以精简方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为5个(9÷2后四舍五入保留整数)至3个(9÷3)，如3个、4个或5个，当为5个时，该5个老化光源6为仅保留沿顺时针或逆时针方向连续的5个以该标准方式设置的老化光源6，相邻的两个老化光源6与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2轴线的连线之间的夹角为40°。即老化光源6以精简方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为5个，相邻的两个老化光源6与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2轴线的连线之间的夹角为40°。2. When the aging light source 6 is set in a standard way, the number of aging light sources 6 is 9, and the 9 aging light sources 6 are evenly distributed in the sample holder 1. The adjacent two aging light sources 6 are compatible with the tubular The included angle between the connecting lines of the sample 2 axes is 40° (360÷9). When the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, the number of aging light sources 6 is 5 (9÷2 and then rounded to retain an integer) to 3 (9÷3), such as 3, 4 or 5, when it is 5 , the 5 aging light sources 6 are only five aging light sources 6 arranged in the standard way along the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and the adjacent two aging light sources 6 and the tubular samples that the aging box can handle The angle between the lines connecting the 2 axes is 40°. That is, when the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, the number of the aging light source 6 is 5, and the angle between two adjacent aging light sources 6 and the axis of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle is 40°. °.
3、老化光源6以标准方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为10个，10个老化光源6在试样夹具1均匀分布，相邻的两个老化光源6与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2轴线的连线之间的夹角为36°(360÷10)，如图3所示。老化光源6以精简方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为5个(10÷2)至3个(10÷3后四舍五入保留整数)，如3个、4个或5个，当为5个时，该5个老化光源6为仅保留沿顺时针或逆时针方向连续的5个以该标准方式设置的老化光源6，相邻的两个老化光源6与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2轴线的连线之间的夹角为36°。即老化光源6以精简方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为5个，相邻的两个老化光源6与该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2轴线的连线之间的夹角为36°。3. When the aging light source 6 is set in a standard way, the number of aging light sources 6 is 10, and the 10 aging light sources 6 are evenly distributed in the sample holder 1. The adjacent two aging light sources 6 are compatible with the tubular The included angle between the lines connecting the axes of the sample 2 is 36° (360÷10), as shown in Figure 3. When the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, the number of aging light sources 6 is 5 (10÷2) to 3 (10÷3 and then rounded to retain an integer), such as 3, 4 or 5, when it is 5 , the 5 aging light sources 6 are only five aging light sources 6 arranged in the standard way along the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and the adjacent two aging light sources 6 and the tubular samples that the aging box can handle The angle between the lines connecting the 2 axes is 36°. That is, when the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, the number of aging light sources 6 is 5, and the included angle between two adjacent aging light sources 6 and the axis of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle is 36°. °.
一般情况下，在标准模式下，即老化光源6以标准方式设置，老化光源6的数量可以为14个至20个。Generally, in the standard mode, that is, the aging light sources 6 are set in a standard manner, and the number of aging light sources 6 can be 14 to 20.
但老化光源6以精简方式设置时，管状试样2的整体实际辐照量按比例下降，须在计算中体现。例如图1中所示，老化光源6的数量减少至标准数量的1/2至1/3，如果老化光源6的数量减少至标准数量的1/2，若此时测光探头5探测出辐照强度为1.6W/m2，辐照总时间为8h，此时的辐照总量为E0，E0的计算结果如下：However, when the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, the overall actual irradiance of the tubular sample 2 decreases proportionally, which must be reflected in the calculation. For example, as shown in Figure 1, the number of aging light sources 6 is reduced to 1/2 to 1/3 of the standard number. If the number of aging light sources 6 is reduced to 1/2 of the standard number, if the photometer probe 5 detects radiation The irradiation intensity is 1.6W/m 2 , the total irradiation time is 8h, the total irradiation amount at this time is E 0 , and the calculation result of E 0 is as follows:
E0＝(1.6W/m2×8h×3600s/h)/2＝2.304×104J/m2 E 0 =(1.6W/m 2 ×8h×3600s/h)/2=2.304×10 4 J/m 2
即按照光强探头5的实测值计算后除以2(精简方式设置时，精简至标准数量的1/2则实测值计算后除以2，如果精简至标准数量的1/3则实测值计算后除以3，即精简至标准数量的几分之几则实测值计算后除以该分数的倒数)。这里面需要注意两点：That is, calculate the actual measured value of the light intensity probe 5 and divide it by 2 (when setting in simplified mode, if it is reduced to 1/2 of the standard quantity, then the actual measured value is calculated and divided by 2, if it is reduced to 1/3 of the standard quantity, the actual measured value is calculated Divided by 3, that is, reduced to a fraction of the standard quantity, the measured value is calculated and divided by the reciprocal of the fraction). There are two points to note here:
其一是即使是辐照总量相同，若调整过辐照强度与运行时间后(降低辐照强度增大运行时间使之乘积相同，反之亦然)得到的试样老化程度不一定相同，因此进行比较性试验最好确定某一固定的老化光源减少比例。One is that even if the total amount of irradiation is the same, if the irradiation intensity and running time are adjusted (reducing the irradiation intensity and increasing the running time to make the product the same, and vice versa), the aging degree of the sample obtained is not necessarily the same, so It is best to determine a fixed reduction ratio of aging light sources for comparative experiments.
其二是从原理上光源数量的减少的比例与管状试样所接受的辐照总量减少的比例相同，但由于箱体中的漫反射现象，以及试验运行时间不同带来其他老化因素作用的影响，其比例具有一定的差异，因此建议最好将老化光源减少至1/2，这样也在最经济且安装试样最为便利的情况下，最接近平板状试样的老化设备测光探头的工作状态(一般采用光栅测光探头，无法识别入射角70°以上的光线)。The second is that in principle, the reduction ratio of the number of light sources is the same as the reduction ratio of the total radiation received by the tubular sample, but due to the diffuse reflection phenomenon in the box and the different test running times, other aging factors are affected. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the aging light source to 1/2, which is also the most economical and most convenient to install the sample, the closest to the flat sample aging equipment photometer probe Working state (generally, a grating light metering probe is used, which cannot identify light with an incident angle above 70°).
当老化光源6以精简方式设置时，光强探头5应放置于光强最大处，即在该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2的轴线方向上，光强探头5位于保留的老化光源6对应的该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2的弧形表面的中心。如老化光源6以精简方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为4个时，光强探头5放在4个老化光源6中的第2个老化光源6(顺时针或逆时针方向)和第3个老化光源6中间，如图1所示。或者如老化光源6以精简方式设置时，老化光源6的数量为5个时，光强探头5放在与5个老化光源6中的第3个老化光源6(顺时针或逆时针方向)相对应处，如图4所示。When the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, the light intensity probe 5 should be placed at the place where the light intensity is maximum, that is, in the axial direction of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle, and the light intensity probe 5 is located at the reserved aging light source 6 Corresponding to the center of the curved surface of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle. If the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, when the number of aging light sources 6 is 4, the light intensity probe 5 is placed on the second aging light source 6 (clockwise or counterclockwise) and the third aging light source 6 among the four aging light sources 6 In the middle of an aging light source 6, as shown in FIG. 1 . Or when the aging light source 6 is set in a simplified manner, when the number of aging light sources 6 is 5, the light intensity probe 5 is placed on the third aging light source 6 (clockwise or counterclockwise) in the 5 aging light sources 6. The corresponding place is shown in Figure 4.
老化光源6通过光源夹具7与光源滑轨8连接，老化光源6和光源夹具7能够沿着光源滑轨8往复移动，光源滑轨8沿该老化箱所能处理的管状试样2的径向设置。管状试样2的半径变化时，老化光源6可以沿管状试样2径向的移动，移动的距离可以通过滑动光源夹具7来实现。具体的，老化光源6与光源夹具7固定连接，光源夹具7能够沿着光源滑轨8往复移动，光源夹具7和光源滑轨8均为现有的装置或结构，不再具体介绍。The aging light source 6 is connected to the light source slide rail 8 through the light source fixture 7, the aging light source 6 and the light source fixture 7 can reciprocate along the light source slide rail 8, and the light source slide rail 8 is along the radial direction of the tubular sample 2 that the aging box can handle set up. When the radius of the tubular sample 2 changes, the aging light source 6 can move radially along the tubular sample 2 , and the moving distance can be realized by sliding the light source fixture 7 . Specifically, the aging light source 6 is fixedly connected to the light source fixture 7, and the light source fixture 7 can reciprocate along the light source slide rail 8. Both the light source fixture 7 and the light source slide rail 8 are existing devices or structures, and will not be described in detail.
老化光源6与管状试样2之间的距离通过光源滑轨8移动老化光源6进行控制，须使其保持为某一定值d(d需满足：既保证不因距离太远辐射强度过小；又不会因为光源与试样过度接近而影响试样表面辐照强度的均匀性，以及因试样表面的变化影响老化光源的作用，具体距离数据可参考ATALAS、Q-LAB等国际成熟公司的设计)。The distance between the aging light source 6 and the tubular sample 2 is controlled by moving the aging light source 6 through the light source slide rail 8, and it must be kept at a certain value d (d needs to meet: not only to ensure that the radiation intensity is not too small due to the distance; It will not affect the uniformity of the irradiation intensity on the surface of the sample because the light source is too close to the sample, and the effect of the aging light source will be affected by the change of the surface of the sample. For specific distance data, please refer to international mature companies such as ATALAS and Q-LAB. design).
试样夹具1包括用于固定管状试样2的转盘，该转盘的轴线与管状试样2的轴线重合，试样夹具1还包括能够驱动该转盘以该转盘的轴线为轴转动的电机。试样夹具1与试样控制系统连接，该试样控制系统通过控制该电机和转盘从而控制管状试样2按一定速率转动，以保证管状试样2的表面受光均匀，管状试样2的转动速度需要控制在一定范围之内，既保证试样表面老化过程的均匀性，又能保证不因转速过快给管状试样表面带来降温效应。The sample holder 1 includes a turntable for fixing the tubular sample 2. The axis of the turntable coincides with the axis of the tubular sample 2. The sample holder 1 also includes a motor capable of driving the turntable to rotate around the axis of the turntable. The sample fixture 1 is connected with the sample control system, and the sample control system controls the rotation of the tubular sample 2 at a certain speed by controlling the motor and the turntable, so as to ensure that the surface of the tubular sample 2 receives light evenly, and the rotation of the tubular sample 2 The speed needs to be controlled within a certain range, which not only ensures the uniformity of the aging process on the surface of the sample, but also ensures that the cooling effect on the surface of the tubular sample will not be brought about by too fast a rotating speed.
所述适用于管状试样的老化箱包括用于实现管状试样2接收到的辐照度恒定的光强控制系统，还包括用于控制管状试样2转动速度的试样控制系统。所述适用于管状试样的老化箱还包括控温、控湿等设备如黑板温度计、加热设备、喷淋设备、冷却设备等均与普通平板试样的老化箱相同，在本专利不再详细介绍。The aging box suitable for tubular samples includes a light intensity control system for realizing constant irradiance received by the tubular sample 2 and a sample control system for controlling the rotation speed of the tubular sample 2 . The aging box suitable for tubular samples also includes temperature control, humidity control and other equipment such as blackboard thermometers, heating equipment, spraying equipment, cooling equipment, etc., which are the same as the aging box for ordinary flat samples, and will not be detailed in this patent. introduce.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施例，不能以其限定发明实施的范围，所以其等同组件的置换，或依本发明专利保护范围所作的等同变化与修饰，都应仍属于本专利涵盖的范畴。另外，本发明中的技术特征与技术特征之间、技术特征与技术方案之间、技术方案与技术方案之间均可以自由组合使用。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and cannot limit the scope of the invention, so the replacement of its equivalent components, or the equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent protection scope of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of this patent. category. In addition, the technical features and technical features, technical features and technical solutions, and technical solutions and technical solutions in the present invention can be used in free combination.
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