CN104089856A - Two-phase flow fluid sampler - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种两相流流体取样器，包括入口段(1)，上游导流段(2)，中部取样拍摄段(3)，下游导流段(4)，出口段(5)，其中，所述的入口段(1)和出口段(5)用于与待测管道相连，所述的中部取样拍摄段(3)为扁平的长方体空间，该扁平的长方体空间的长边和宽边的尺寸远大于厚度尺寸，所述的取样器的中部取样拍摄段3由透明材质制成。本发明中，流体取样器设计旨在克服两相流中分散相的聚并、重叠等现象，为高速摄像仪捕获高清晰度两相流图像提供条件。
The invention relates to a two-phase flow fluid sampler, comprising an inlet section (1), an upstream diversion section (2), a middle sampling and shooting section (3), a downstream diversion section (4), and an outlet section (5), wherein , the inlet section (1) and the outlet section (5) are used to be connected with the pipeline to be tested, and the middle sampling shooting section (3) is a flat cuboid space, the long side and the wide side of the flat cuboid space The size is much larger than the thickness size, and the middle sampling section 3 of the sampler is made of transparent material. In the present invention, the fluid sampler is designed to overcome phenomena such as coalescence and overlapping of dispersed phases in two-phase flow, and provide conditions for high-speed cameras to capture high-definition two-phase flow images.
Description
所属技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种两相流流体取样器。The invention relates to a two-phase flow fluid sampler.
背景技术Background technique
中国油田储集层中多为陆相碎屑岩沉积，其储集层无论是纵向还是横向非均质性都比国外海相沉积为主的储集层要复杂得多。从新投入开发的油田状况来看，新探明储量品味降低，低渗、特低渗油田储量所占比重较大。从已开发油田现状看，总体上已进入高含水、高采出程度阶段，主力老油田大多数已进入或是接近特高含水的开发后期，其油井低渗低产及高含水生产特性尤为显著。Most of the reservoirs in China's oilfields are continental clastic rock deposits, and the heterogeneity of the reservoirs is much more complicated than that of overseas marine sedimentary-dominated reservoirs. Judging from the status of newly developed oilfields, the grade of newly proven reserves has decreased, and the reserves of low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability oilfields account for a relatively large proportion. Judging from the status quo of the developed oilfields, they have generally entered the stage of high water cut and high recovery degree. Most of the main old oilfields have entered or approached the late development stage of ultra-high water cut, and their oil wells are particularly characterized by low permeability, low production and high water cut production.
在我国油田低渗低产开采条件下，垂直管内油水两相流呈现复杂的非均匀随机运动特征，且油水相间滑脱严重，同时，由于缺乏油水两相流微观流体结构信息，致使目前应用于我国油田的环形电导式传感器或过流式电容传感器响应物理模型建立存在较大困难。油水两相流分散相液滴粒径检测在揭示油水两相流流动特性方面有重要意义，直接影响流体流动参数测量，是建立参数测量模型的微观流体结构基础。Under the conditions of low-permeability and low-yield production in my country's oilfields, the oil-water two-phase flow in the vertical pipe presents complex non-uniform random motion characteristics, and the oil-water phase slips seriously. It is difficult to establish the physical model of the ring conductance sensor or the overcurrent capacitive sensor response. The droplet size detection of the dispersed phase of oil-water two-phase flow is of great significance in revealing the flow characteristics of oil-water two-phase flow, directly affects the measurement of fluid flow parameters, and is the basis of microscopic fluid structure for establishing parameter measurement models.
目前，常用于两相流液滴粒径测量的电学探针易受针头区腐蚀的影响，对于信号处理提出了较高的要求，较难达到较高的测量精度。高速摄像法对流体进行直接有效的拍摄，然后通过图像处理的方法获取液滴直径，该方法在两相流微观流体结构分析方面也开始有应用。然而，由于圆形管道内分散油滴运动随机，如果直接利用高速摄像仪对管内流体拍摄，所得图片会因油滴的重叠、油水相间及管壁处光线折射产生失真，从而导致油水两相流微观流体结构信息的大量丢失。At present, the electrical probes commonly used in the droplet size measurement of two-phase flow are easily affected by the corrosion of the needle head area, which puts forward higher requirements for signal processing, and it is difficult to achieve high measurement accuracy. The high-speed camera method directly and effectively shoots the fluid, and then obtains the droplet diameter through the image processing method. This method has also begun to be applied in the analysis of the microscopic fluid structure of the two-phase flow. However, due to the random movement of scattered oil droplets in a circular pipe, if a high-speed camera is directly used to take pictures of the fluid in the pipe, the resulting picture will be distorted due to the overlapping of oil droplets, the oil-water phase, and the refraction of light at the pipe wall, resulting in oil-water two-phase flow Substantial loss of microfluid structure information.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的上述不足，提供一种两相流流体取样器。本发明中，流体取样器设计旨在克服两相流中分散相的聚并、重叠等现象，为高速摄像仪捕获高清晰度两相流图像提供条件。本发明的技术方案如下：The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a two-phase flow fluid sampler. In the present invention, the fluid sampler is designed to overcome phenomena such as coalescence and overlapping of dispersed phases in two-phase flow, and provide conditions for high-speed cameras to capture high-definition two-phase flow images. Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种两相流流体取样器，包括入口段(1)，上游导流段(2)，中部取样拍摄段(3)，下游导流段(4)，出口段(5)，其中，所述的入口段(1)和出口段(5)用于与待测管道相连，所述的中部取样拍摄段(3)为扁平的长方体空间，该扁平的长方体空间的长边和宽边的尺寸远大于厚度尺寸，所述的取样器的中部取样拍摄段3由透明材质制成。A two-phase flow fluid sampler, comprising an inlet section (1), an upstream diversion section (2), a middle sampling shooting section (3), a downstream diversion section (4), and an outlet section (5), wherein the The inlet section (1) and the outlet section (5) are used to be connected with the pipeline to be tested, and the middle sampling and shooting section (3) is a flat cuboid space, and the dimensions of the long side and the wide side of the flat cuboid space are much larger In terms of thickness, the middle sampling section 3 of the sampler is made of transparent material.
作为优选实施方式，所述的两相流流体取样器的中部取样拍摄段(3)的截面积与入口段(1)前端的截面积基本相等，使得流过扁平的长方体空间内的流体的平均流速与流入入口段之前的平均流速基本相等；所述的取样器的中部取样拍摄段(3)的长边具有足够的长度，以保证扁平的长方体空间内的流体可在较大空间内达到均匀分布的状态。As a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the middle sampling shooting section (3) of the two-phase flow fluid sampler is substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the front end of the inlet section (1), so that the average of the fluid flowing through the flat cuboid space The flow velocity is substantially equal to the average flow velocity before flowing into the inlet section; the long side of the middle sampling section (3) of the sampler has sufficient length to ensure that the fluid in the flat cuboid space can reach uniformity in a larger space the state of the distribution.
本发明由于采取以上技术方案，其具有以下优点：本发明中涉及的流体取样器的各个部分的尺寸可以通过计算流体力学Fluent软件优化设计获得，可将圆形管道内流体导流到扁平的长方体空间，可有效克服圆管内分散相(分散的液滴或分散的气泡)的聚并、重叠等现象，可为高速摄像仪捕获高清晰度两相流图像提供条件。Because the present invention adopts the above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: the size of each part of the fluid sampler involved in the present invention can be obtained through the optimization design of computational fluid dynamics Fluent software, and the fluid in the circular pipeline can be guided to a flat cuboid Space can effectively overcome the phenomenon of coalescence and overlapping of dispersed phases (dispersed droplets or dispersed bubbles) in the circular tube, and provide conditions for high-speed cameras to capture high-definition two-phase flow images.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是两相流流体取样器结构的正视图Figure 1 is a front view of the structure of a two-phase flow fluid sampler
图2是两相流体取样器的侧视图Figure 2 is a side view of a two-phase fluid sampler
图3是多尺度边缘检测算法边缘检测结果图像Figure 3 is the image of the edge detection result of the multi-scale edge detection algorithm
图4是多尺度边缘检测算法与分水岭算法的结合方法示意图：(a)多尺度边缘检测算法边缘检测结果图像；(b)连通域提取结果；(c)连通域填充结果；(d)粘连油滴的图像；(e)不粘连油滴的图像Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the combination method of multi-scale edge detection algorithm and watershed algorithm: (a) image of edge detection result of multi-scale edge detection algorithm; (b) connected domain extraction result; (c) connected domain filling result; (d) sticky oil image of the droplet; (e) image of non-stick oil droplet
图5是油水两相流油滴边缘圆形拟合效果图Figure 5 is the circular fitting effect diagram of the oil droplet edge in oil-water two-phase flow
图6是油水两相流油滴直径的概率分布图Figure 6 is the probability distribution diagram of oil droplet diameter in oil-water two-phase flow
图中标号说明：Explanation of symbols in the figure:
1流体取样器圆形入口段；2流体取样器上游导流段；3流体取样器中部取样拍摄段；4流体取样器下游导流段；5流体取样器圆形出口段；1 The circular inlet section of the fluid sampler; 2 The upstream diversion section of the fluid sampler; 3 The sampling and shooting section in the middle of the fluid sampler; 4 The downstream diversion section of the fluid sampler; 5 The circular outlet section of the fluid sampler;
a取样拍摄段宽度；b取样拍摄段长度；c取样拍摄段厚度；d取样器上游及下游导流段的长度；e取样器上游及下游导流段的最厚位置处的厚度a The width of the sampling shooting section; b The length of the sampling shooting section; c The thickness of the sampling shooting section; d The length of the upstream and downstream diversion sections of the sampler; e The thickness at the thickest position of the upstream and downstream diversion sections of the sampler
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。本发明包括：The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The present invention includes:
本发明提出的两相流流体取样器，其结构示意图见图1和图2，包括圆形入口段1，上游导流段2，中部取样拍摄段3，下游导流段4，圆形出口段5。该取样器用于垂直管自下而上流过的油水两相流流体取样，即将圆形管道内流体导流到扁平的长方体空间，该长方体空间的宽度、长度(也可称为高度)及厚度分别表示为a，b和c,然后将高速摄像仪正对由长边和宽边构成的二维平面，拍摄长方体空间内油水两相流图像。该流体取样器为高速摄像仪捕获清晰的油水两相流图像提供条件。The two-phase flow fluid sampler proposed by the present invention, its structure diagram is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, comprises circular inlet section 1, upstream diversion section 2, middle sampling shooting section 3, downstream diversion section 4, circular outlet section 5. The sampler is used for sampling the oil-water two-phase flow fluid flowing through the vertical pipe from bottom to top, that is, the fluid in the circular pipe is diverted to a flat cuboid space. The width, length (also called height) and thickness of the cuboid space are respectively Denoted as a, b and c, then the high-speed camera is facing the two-dimensional plane composed of the long side and the broad side, and the image of the oil-water two-phase flow in the cuboid space is taken. The fluid sampler provides conditions for the high-speed camera to capture clear images of oil-water two-phase flow.
为方便高速摄像仪拍摄流体图像，取样器各部分均由透明有机玻璃制成。圆形入口段1用法兰与圆形管道连接，圆形出口段5也用法兰与圆形管道连接。In order to facilitate the high-speed camera to take fluid images, all parts of the sampler are made of transparent plexiglass. The circular inlet section 1 is connected to the circular pipeline with a flange, and the circular outlet section 5 is also connected to the circular pipeline with a flange.
流体在垂直管道内自下而上流动时，流体首先流经取样器圆形入口段，然后由上游导流段导流到中部的取样拍摄段，中部的取样拍摄段为扁平的长方体空间，油水两相流流体在该长方体空间内的平均流速与流入圆形入口段之前的平均流速基本相等，从而使得分散的油滴在中部取样拍摄段内基本均匀分布，且很少出现油滴的重叠。When the fluid flows from bottom to top in the vertical pipeline, the fluid first flows through the circular inlet section of the sampler, and then is diverted from the upstream diversion section to the sampling and shooting section in the middle. The sampling and shooting section in the middle is a flat cuboid space where oil and water The average flow velocity of the two-phase flow fluid in the cuboid space is basically equal to the average flow velocity before flowing into the circular inlet section, so that the dispersed oil droplets are basically evenly distributed in the middle sampling section, and there is little overlap of oil droplets.
本发明设计的油水两相流取样器，可将圆形管道内流体导流到扁平的长方体空间内，使分散油滴在取样器内几乎不重叠地均匀分布，为高速摄像仪捕获高清晰度图片创造了条件；另外，本发明提出了多尺度边缘检测算法(Guo F D et al.,A novel multi-scale edge detection technique based on wavelet analysis withapplication in multiphase flows,Powder Technology,2010,202:171-177)与分水岭算法(Lau Y M et al.,Development of an image measurement technique for size distribution in dense bubbly flows,ChemicalEngineering Science,2013,94:20-29)的有效结合方法，基于多尺度边缘检测算法和分水岭算法构建液滴尺寸测量方法，最终输出高含水低流速流动条件下分散油滴直径信息。下面结合附图说明具体计算方法：The oil-water two-phase flow sampler designed by the present invention can divert the fluid in the circular pipeline into the flat cuboid space, so that the scattered oil droplets can be evenly distributed in the sampler with almost no overlap, and capture high-definition images for high-speed cameras. The picture creates conditions; in addition, the present invention proposes a multi-scale edge detection algorithm (Guo F D et al., A novel multi-scale edge detection technique based on wavelet analysis with application in multiphase flows, Powder Technology, 2010, 202: 171- 177) and watershed algorithm (Lau Y M et al., Development of an image measurement technique for size distribution in dense bubbly flows, Chemical Engineering Science, 2013, 94:20-29), based on multi-scale edge detection algorithm and The watershed algorithm constructs a droplet size measurement method, and finally outputs the diameter information of dispersed oil droplets under the condition of high water content and low flow rate. The specific calculation method is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
(1)在油水两相流流动管道直径D＝20mm的条件下，利用计算流体力学Fluent软件模拟了垂直上升油水两相流在流体取样器中的流体形态，在流体取样器不破坏流体流动形态的前提下，确定该取样器的几何尺寸为a＝100mm,b＝100mm,＝2mm，d＝100mm,e＝26mm,取样器所用有机玻璃厚度为3mm。(1) Under the condition that the diameter of the oil-water two-phase flow pipeline is D=20mm, the fluid form of the vertically rising oil-water two-phase flow in the fluid sampler is simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics Fluent software, and the fluid flow form is not destroyed in the fluid sampler Under the premise of , determine the geometric dimensions of the sampler as a=100mm, b=100mm,=2mm, d=100mm, e=26mm, and the thickness of the plexiglass used in the sampler is 3mm.
(2)利用法兰将取样器的圆形入口段及圆形出口段与圆形管道连接，高速摄像仪镜头的放置位置正对取样器的长边和宽边构成的二维平面，当油水两相流流经取样器中部取样拍摄段时，对取样器内流体进行拍摄。(2) Use the flange to connect the circular inlet section and the circular outlet section of the sampler with the circular pipeline, and place the high-speed camera lens in front of the two-dimensional plane formed by the long side and wide side of the sampler. When the two-phase flow flows through the sampling section in the middle of the sampler, the fluid in the sampler is photographed.
(3)利用多尺度边缘检测算法提取油滴边缘，可得到图3所示结果。(3) Using the multi-scale edge detection algorithm to extract the edge of the oil droplet, the results shown in Figure 3 can be obtained.
(4)利用图4所示的多尺度边缘检测算法与分水岭算法的结合方法将图3中粘连油滴进行分割：首先，将图3中提取到的边缘进行处理，形成连通域(图4(b))，并填充图像中的连通域，如图4(c)所示；然后，将图4(c)分成粘连油滴的图像(图4(d))和不粘连油滴的图像(图4(e))，并利用分水岭算法对图4(d)中的粘连油滴进行分割；接着，对不粘连油滴的图像直接进行圆拟合操作，粘连油滴的图像先经过分水岭算法处理，再进行圆拟合操作拟合，将两次拟合结果整合得到图5所示油滴边缘提取结果图；最后，通过计算各个拟合圆的面积S,利用公式计算每个油滴的直径D。(4) Use the multi-scale edge detection algorithm shown in Figure 4 and the watershed algorithm to segment the cohesive oil droplets in Figure 3: First, process the edges extracted in Figure 3 to form a connected domain (Figure 4( b)), and fill the connected domain in the image, as shown in Figure 4(c); then, divide Figure 4(c) into the image of sticking oil droplets (Figure 4(d)) and the image of non-sticking oil droplets ( Fig. 4(e)), and use the watershed algorithm to segment the cohesive oil droplets in Fig. 4(d); then, directly perform circle fitting operation on the image of non-cohesive oil droplets, and the image of cohesive oil droplets first passes the watershed algorithm processing, and then perform circle fitting operation fitting, and integrate the two fitting results to obtain the oil drop edge extraction result map shown in Figure 5; finally, by calculating the area S of each fitting circle, use the formula Calculate the diameter D of each oil droplet.
实验验证与结果：Experimental verification and results:
图6为总流量Qt＝3m3/day时，不同含油率Ko(即管道入口处油相的体积流量除以油水的总流量)情况下，利用本发明提出的多尺度边缘检测算法与分水岭算法的有效结合方法获得的油滴尺寸的概率分布特征。可以看出，当油水总流量Qt＝3m3/day时，分散油滴直径分布比较分散，直径为0.32cm左右的油滴依然占据了较大的比例。随着管道内油水总流量的增加，由于流体湍流动能的增加，尺寸较大的油滴被流体分散成均匀的大小，管道内部尺寸较大的油滴逐渐消失，油滴分布较均匀，油滴尺寸的一致性较好。当总流量Qt＝5m3/day时，分散油滴的尺寸基本集中于0.13cm左右。Fig. 6 shows when the total flow Q t = 3m 3 /day, under different oil content K o (that is, the volume flow of the oil phase at the pipeline inlet divided by the total flow of oil and water), using the multi-scale edge detection algorithm proposed by the present invention and Probability distribution characteristics of oil droplet size obtained by efficient combination method of watershed algorithm. It can be seen that when the total flow rate of oil and water Q t =3m 3 /day, the diameter distribution of dispersed oil droplets is relatively scattered, and the oil droplets with a diameter of about 0.32cm still occupy a relatively large proportion. With the increase of the total flow of oil and water in the pipeline, due to the increase of fluid turbulent kinetic energy, the larger oil droplets are dispersed into a uniform size by the fluid, and the larger oil droplets inside the pipeline gradually disappear, and the distribution of oil droplets is more uniform. Good size consistency. When the total flow Q t =5m 3 /day, the size of dispersed oil droplets is basically concentrated at about 0.13cm.
另外，表1给出了不同的流动工况下，油滴直径计算结果的平均值、标准差、非对称系数和峭度四个概率分布指标。可以看出，随着总流量的增大，平均直径值减小，标准差也减小，表示随着总流量增加油滴直径趋于大小一致；Qt＝3m3/day时，非对称系数相对其他两个工况较大，可以看出图6中相应的概率分布曲线向直径较大方向偏移；Qt＝5m3/day时，峭度系数较大，相应的图6中的概率分布曲线较为尖峭，该工况下油泡直径集中于中值附近。In addition, Table 1 gives the four probability distribution indicators of the average value, standard deviation, asymmetric coefficient and kurtosis of the oil droplet diameter calculation results under different flow conditions. It can be seen that with the increase of the total flow rate, the average diameter value decreases, and the standard deviation also decreases, indicating that the diameter of the oil droplets tends to be consistent with the increase of the total flow rate; when Q t = 3m 3 /day, the asymmetric coefficient Compared with the other two working conditions, it can be seen that the corresponding probability distribution curve in Figure 6 shifts to the direction of larger diameter; when Q t =5m 3 /day, the kurtosis coefficient is larger, and the corresponding probability distribution curve in Figure 6 The distribution curve is relatively sharp, and the oil bubble diameter is concentrated near the median value under this working condition.
实验获得的油水两相流油滴直径概率分布图以及提取的四个概率分布指标，与油水两相流的实际物理运动规律相符，表明该发明中涉及的油水两相流取样器以及多尺度边缘检测算法与分水岭算法的结合方法的有效性。The oil-water two-phase flow oil droplet diameter probability distribution map and the extracted four probability distribution indicators obtained in the experiment are consistent with the actual physical motion law of the oil-water two-phase flow, which shows that the oil-water two-phase flow sampler and multi-scale edge involved in the invention The effectiveness of the combination method of detection algorithm and watershed algorithm.
表1 不同的流动工况下参数计算结果Table 1 Parameter calculation results under different flow conditions
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