CN104089817B - Benchmark bedding value tester and its indoor universal method of testing - Google Patents
Benchmark bedding value tester and its indoor universal method of testing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of benchmark bedding value tester and its indoor universal method of testing, analysis compared by scene and indoor measured data, based on the computing formula that the relation of equal quantity of deformation modulus derives laboratory test, based on the soil body under the effect of uniform lotus, deformation and Time Change, devise indoor test control and computational methods.Experiment proves that, the method tool effectiveness and reliability, can all kinds of fine grained soils of Accurate Determining benchmark bedding value value in the original location under state indoors.Its advantage is：Apparatus structure is simple, and easy to use, the test period is short, measured result with situK 30 Test result is equivalent, and test philosophy meets basic theories；It is quick, simple, accurate that this method determines bedding value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ground field of measuring technique, specifically a kind of benchmark bedding value tester and its interior lead to
Use method of testing.
Background technology
Bedding value is the key parameter of Winkler foundation models.Be currently used in determine bedding value standard method be
K in situ30Loading test, the standard test method without measuring foundation bed coefficient indoor.Only exist《Underground railway, track traffic rock
Engineering investigation》Available triaxial test is proposed in specification and consolidation test method determines bedding value, but specific experiment
, there is many uncertain factors in practical operation, it is difficult to execute in method standard and evaluation methodology.Through Yangtze River Tunnel, Tianjin ground
The practical implementations such as ferrum, institute's measured value differ 5-10 times with standard value, the experiment boundary condition of both approaches and K30Load is tried
Test and differ greatly, its measured value and K30It is how to associate so far also without answer between standard value.
As the engineerings such as the high speed development of science and technology, building foundation pit, subway, tunnel are more and more, surveyed with load test
Determine bedding value to be restricted by factors, have larger reality using laboratory test rapid and accurate determination benchmark bedding value
With value and economic worth.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that to develop a kind of simple structure, effective benchmark bedding system test instrunment quick indoors
The universal testing method of all kinds of fine grained soil benchmark bedding values is accurately determined.
Benchmark bedding value tester of the present invention, including：Frame 7, is provided with container 6 in frame 7, frame 7 is by additional
Press box 3 fixedly mounts force transducer 18, and displacement transducer is fixed on 18 lower end of force transducer.
Described container 6, including:Interior pressure transmission plate 8, unofficial biography pressing plate 9, guide ring 10, upper flange 11, cavity 13, lower flange,
Base 14；Guiding is coupled by built-in 4 groups of linear bearings between interior pressure transmission plate 8 and unofficial biography pressing plate 9；13 inwall of cavity is cased with cylinder
Shape Emulsoid-film, is bolted sealing with upper flange 11, lower flange and forms pressure chamber 16；13 both sides of cavity are provided with valve one
15th, valve 2 12；Valve 1 connects 16 volume adjustment pipe of pressure chamber, 2 12 connecting side pressure controller of valve；Guide ring 10 leads to
Cross screw to be fixed on upper flange 11.
Described frame 7, including:Lever 1, lever 22, additional press box 3, interior pressure frame 4, regulation one 1 level of lever
Handwheel 1, adjust 22 level of lever two handwheels 5, container holder；On 4 truck dead lever 1 of interior pressure frame, additional press box 3 is solid
Determine on lever 22.
Described force transducer 18, displacement transducer is connected with harvester by wire, harvester and computerized control system
It is connected；The hydraulic cavities volume adjustment cylinder of side direction pressurization apparatus, Full Automatic Liquid pressure controller pass through pipeline, valve and pressure chamber respectively
16 are connected.
Benchmark bedding value tester indoor universal method of testing of the present invention, which comprises the following steps that：
1. container is assembled by structural requirement, toward hydraulic cavities volume adjustment cylinder, fills degassing distilled water；Open water inlet
Valve, fills de aerated water toward pressure chamber, excludes whole bubbles；By standard correction test block (φ=100mm/150mm, h=150mm)
It is put into container；Apply lateral pressure step by step by 100KPa/min, until 800KPa, keep 800KPa press 10 minutes water-tight i.e.
Can；Removal pressure, takes out correcting block；
2. diameter 100mm or 150mm, high 140mm samples are prepared, two ends will be put down, saturated soft soil sample surrounding pastes width 5mm
Filter paper bar 15～18, other samples do not paste filter paper bar；Gas in pipeline is excluded, porous disc is put on container base, will
Filter paper is placed on porous disc with the sample for preparing, and is put container cavity and is locked with base, pressure transmission piston is mounted on examination
Sample top, fixed piston cover guide ring, and container is placed in frame, and rotating handwheel makes lever one keep horizontal with lever two
State；
3. pressure chamber volume adjustment pipe height is raised, and it is higher than sample top surface 20cm to make pressure chamber volume adjustment pipe liquid level
Left and right, when film is adjacent to completely with sample, closes valve 1；
4. the size according to sample original position gravity pressure applies pressure to sample and sets back stress state, public when shallow-layer is pressed
When formula converts, gravity pressure all can be added in (1 on lever one:24)；When by deep layer formula scales, gravity pressure should add respectively
In lever one (1:24) with lever two (1:12) on, a diameter of 5cm of the corresponding pressing plate of lever two, one corresponding compression area of lever
It is that external diameter is specimen finish, the annulus area that interior diameter is 5cm；
5. open intelligent hydraulic controller, open valve 2, observe real-time side pressure value and shift value, when shift value per hour
When variable quantity is not more than 0.005mm, carry out according to side pressure currency (also can be by the side pressure value that static lateral pressure coefficient is calculated) steady
Pressure；
6., when by deep layer formula scales, directly on the hanging scaffold of lever two, classification applies vertical load, it is ensured that in sample
There are 2-3 level loads, total series to be no less than 8 grades before producing 0.2mm displacements, the size of every grade of load increment presses the compression property of sample
Determine, when shallow-layer formula scales are pressed, answer first removal to apply pressure at right angle, after hydraulic controller is again stable, in lever two
Hanging scaffold on classification apply vertical load, it is ensured that have 2-3 level loads before sample produces 0.2mm displacements, total series is no less than 8
Level, the size of every grade of load increment press the compression property determination of sample；
7. every grade of load is surveyed reading 0,10,20,30,60,90, the corresponding shift values of 120min and applies next stage load, directly
Destroy to sample or predetermined load terminates to test, the whole pressure of removal, take out sample, clean container；
8. calculate and drawing
1) inverse of the average settlement speed for calculating each survey reading period of load following formulas at different levels is pressed；
M=T/ △ S
△ S=St-S0
Inverses (h/mm) of the M for sedimentation velocity in formula；T is the duration (h) for surveying read point；△ S are the absolute settlement for surveying read point
Amount (mm)；S0For the reading (mm) before certain grade of load loading；StReading (mm) for certain survey read point
2) with T/ △ S as ordinate, T be abscissa draw rectangular coordinates figure, diagrammatically or one-variable linear regression solve
The slope A values of straight line are shown in Fig. 4；
3) the final settlement △ S of certain grade of load are calculatedn
△Sn=1/A
Slopes (1/mm) of the A for straight line in formula；
4) order according to loading is by the final settlement △ S of loads at different levelsn(α is constant, original to add up and amplify 6 α times successively
α when benchmark is made using diameter 30cm pressing plates in position=0.930), benchmark i.e. 5.58 times are made to circular plate, obtains cumulative settling amount correction
Value, with cumulative settling amount correction value as ordinate, pressure value is that horizontal seat draws p-s curves, asks for regarding bedding on this p-s curve
COEFFICIENT K1；
5) calculating benchmark bedding value
Press shallow-layer control test
K30 gardens=K1
K30 gardensThe benchmark bedding value (MPa m-1) measured using a diameter of 30cm circulars pressing plate for original position；K1It is regarding base
Bed COEFFICIENT K1=P1.25/ 1.25 or K1=P1/2/S1/2Or P-S curve the initial segment straight slopes, P1.25For in curve chart corresponding 1.25
The pressure value (kpa) of millimeter sedimentation；P1/2Pressure value (kpa) for critical edge pressure half；S1/2Pressure for critical edge pressure half
It is worth corresponding sedimentation value (mm)；
By deep layer control test
In formula, Z is the actual buried depth (m) of soil, and the minimum depth is no less than 1m.
The advantage of benchmark bedding value tester indoor universal method of testing of the present invention is：Apparatus structure is simple, user
Just, the test period is short, can effectively determine the benchmark bedding system that maximum grain is not more than 5mm soil, and can press shallow-layer control methods again can be by
Deep layer control method indoors rapid and accurate determination all kinds of soil benchmark bedding value value.The benchmark bedding determined using deep layer control methods
Coefficient value is not required to carry out adjusting for depth.Using 150mm samples with test result is not significantly affected using 100mm samples.
Measured result and original position K30Test result is equivalent；Test philosophy meets basic theories；Through multiple actual contrast verification, test result
With K30Standard matches；It is quick, simple, accurate that this method determines bedding value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 benchmark bedding value tester positive structure diagrams.
Fig. 2 benchmark bedding value tester side structure schematic views
Fig. 3 structure of container schematic diagrams.
Fig. 4 regression curve illustrations
Specific embodiment
Benchmark bedding value tester of the present invention, including：Frame 7, is provided with container 6 in frame 7, frame 7 is by additional
Press box 3 fixedly mounts force transducer 18, and displacement transducer is fixed on 18 lower end of force transducer.
Described container 6, including:Interior pressure transmission plate 8, unofficial biography pressing plate 9, guide ring 10, upper flange 11, cavity 13, lower flange,
Base 14；Guiding is coupled by built-in 4 groups of linear bearings between interior pressure transmission plate 8 and unofficial biography pressing plate 9；13 inwall of cavity is cased with cylinder
Shape Emulsoid-film, is bolted sealing with upper flange 11, lower flange and forms pressure chamber 16；13 both sides of cavity are provided with valve one
15th, valve 2 12；Valve 1 connects 16 volume adjustment pipe of pressure chamber, 2 12 connecting side pressure controller of valve；Guide ring 10 leads to
Cross screw to be fixed on upper flange 11.
Described frame 7, including:Lever 1, lever 22, additional press box 3, interior pressure frame 4, regulation one 1 level of lever
Handwheel 1, adjust 22 level of lever two handwheels 5, container holder；On 4 truck dead lever 1 of interior pressure frame, additional press box 3 is solid
Determine on lever 22.
Described force transducer 18, displacement transducer is connected with harvester by wire, harvester and computerized control system
It is connected；The hydraulic cavities volume adjustment cylinder of side direction pressurization apparatus, Full Automatic Liquid pressure controller pass through pipeline, valve and pressure chamber respectively
16 are connected.
Benchmark bedding value tester indoor universal method of testing of the present invention, which comprises the following steps that：
1. container is assembled by structural requirement, toward hydraulic cavities volume adjustment cylinder, fills degassing distilled water；Open water inlet
Valve, fills de aerated water toward pressure chamber, excludes whole bubbles；By standard correction test block (φ=100mm/150mm, h=150mm)
It is put into container；Apply lateral pressure step by step by 100KPa/min, until 800KPa, keep 800KPa press 10 minutes water-tight i.e.
Can；Removal pressure, takes out correcting block；
2. diameter 100mm or 150mm, high 140mm samples are prepared, two ends will be put down, saturated soft soil sample surrounding pastes width 5mm
Filter paper bar 15～18, other samples do not paste filter paper bar；Gas in pipeline is excluded, porous disc is put on container base, will
Filter paper is placed on porous disc with the sample for preparing, and is put container cavity and is locked with base, pressure transmission piston is mounted on examination
Sample top, fixed piston cover guide ring, and container is placed in frame, and rotating handwheel makes lever one keep horizontal with lever two
State；
3. pressure chamber volume adjustment pipe height is raised, and it is higher than sample top surface 20cm to make pressure chamber volume adjustment pipe liquid level
Left and right, when film is adjacent to completely with sample, closes valve 1；
4. the size according to sample original position gravity pressure applies pressure to sample and sets back stress state, public when shallow-layer is pressed
When formula converts, gravity pressure all can be added in (1 on lever one:24)；When by deep layer formula scales, gravity pressure should add respectively
In lever one (1:24) with bar two (1:12) on, a diameter of 5cm of the corresponding pressing plate of bar two, one corresponding compression area of lever is outer
The annulus area that footpath is specimen finish, interior diameter is 5cm；
5. open intelligent hydraulic controller, open valve 2, observe real-time side pressure value and shift value, when shift value per hour
When variable quantity is not more than 0.005mm, carry out according to side pressure currency (also can be by the side pressure value that static lateral pressure coefficient is calculated) steady
Pressure；
6., when by deep layer formula scales, directly on the hanging scaffold of lever two, classification applies vertical load, it is ensured that in sample
There are 2-3 level loads, total series to be no less than 8 grades before producing 0.2mm displacements, the size of every grade of load increment presses the compression property of sample
Determine, when shallow-layer formula scales are pressed, answer first removal to apply pressure at right angle, after hydraulic controller is again stable, in lever two
Hanging scaffold on classification apply vertical load, it is ensured that have 2-3 level loads before sample produces 0.2mm displacements, total series is no less than 8
Level, the size of every grade of load increment press the compression property determination of sample；
7. every grade of load is surveyed reading 0,10,20,30,60,90, the corresponding shift values of 120min and applies next stage load, directly
Destroy to sample or predetermined load terminates to test, the whole pressure of removal, take out sample, clean container；
8. calculate and drawing
1) inverse that the average settlement speed of period is read in each survey under loads at different levels is calculated as follows；
M=T/ △ S
△ S=St-S0
Inverses (h/mm) of the M for sedimentation velocity in formula；T is the duration (h) for surveying read point；△ S are the absolute settlement for surveying read point
Amount (mm)；S0For the reading (mm) before certain grade of load loading；StReading (mm) for certain survey read point
2) with T/ △ S as ordinate, T be abscissa draw rectangular coordinates figure, diagrammatically or one-variable linear regression solve
The slope A values of straight line are shown in Fig. 4；
3) the final settlement △ S of certain grade of load are calculatedn
△Sn=1/A
Slopes (1/mm) of the A for straight line in formula；
4) order according to loading is by the final settlement △ S of loads at different levelsn(α is constant, original to add up and amplify 6 α times successively
α when benchmark is made using diameter 30cm pressing plates in position=0.930), benchmark i.e. 5.58 times are made to circular plate, obtains cumulative settling amount correction
Value, with cumulative settling amount correction value as ordinate, pressure value is that horizontal seat draws p-s curves, asks for regarding bedding on this p-s curve
COEFFICIENT K1；
5) calculating benchmark bedding value
Press shallow-layer control test
K30 gardens=K1
K30 gardensThe benchmark bedding value (MPa m-1) measured using a diameter of 30cm circulars pressing plate for original position；K1It is regarding base
Bed COEFFICIENT K1=P1.25/ 1.25 or K1=P1/2/S1/2Or P-S curve the initial segment straight slopes, P1.25For in curve chart corresponding 1.25
The pressure value (kpa) of millimeter sedimentation；P1/2Pressure value (kpa) for critical edge pressure half；S1/2Pressure for critical edge pressure half
It is worth corresponding sedimentation value (mm)；
By deep layer control test
In formula, Z is the actual buried depth (m) of soil, and the minimum depth is no less than 1m.
Verification experimental verification
For the reliability of the correctness and indoor test and computational methods of check test analysis, carry out in situ with indoor ratio
It is unique reliable means to experimental study.In order to obtain high accuracy in-situ test data, a set of k in situ has been designed and produced30Survey
Test system., using accurate pneumaticpiston loading, 2 tons of EIAJ, range 100mm, displacement is using high accuracy for pressure system
The automatic Real-time Collection of displacement transducer (resolution 0.001mm).Successively carry out twice in weak soil place and unsaturated soil place
Contrast test.Its bedding value end result table is shown in Table (table 1,2,3).
Verify a bedding base system achievement contrast table 1
Verify two in-situ test outcome table tables 2
Verify two laboratory test achievement gathering table tables 3
The inverse of (prerupture) average sinking rate under checking test load at different levels is linear with the duration of experience twice
Linear relationship of the regression correlation coefficient more than 0.99, in height.The k in situ of 7 measuring points30α values under 63 grades of loads of test
Between 0.90-0.98, more than 0.96, the α values for being close to 1 to 2 loads of failing load exist the α values of general first order load
0.90 with left and right, and, between 0.90-0.95, average 0.932 is very close with research value 0.930, and α values take for other α values
0.930 is reliable.
Verify that 1 in-situ test is determined deeply respectively in a difference of testing pits, laboratory test sample is in hole and to cheat
Wall collection, specimen finish 15cm, its corresponding bedding value value are very close, and in the range of specification recommendation.
The in-situ test of checking 2 is in a 50m2Weak soil place is carried out, and indoor sample is to use 102mm thin-wall samplers
Taken with rig, indoor result matched with specification recommendation.Its big value is with in-site detecting value basic to its meansigma methodss ratio
Meansigma methodss in situ are less than normal.Live in-situ test is shown in the range of the 1-5 rice of place for silt clay, Muddy Bottoms point with results of drilling
Matter clay folder thin layer flour sand and silt, k in situ30Reaction is integrated value under pressing plate in the range of 60cm, and indoor sample only has 13-
14cm is high, relatively uniform, when sample when containing interlayer and value in situ are close to, without thin layer flour sand and test result ratio during silt interlayer
It is a kind of normal phenomenon that value in situ is less than normal.In practical engineering application, sample should be taken respectively to be tested in different depth, from
And determine the representative value on the stratum.
Checking conclusion
1. particulate soil in-situ load test the soil body do not occur shearing broken before, average sinking rate under loads at different levels
Property line relation with the duration of experience in height reciprocal；When using continuous two hours per hour settlement increment be not more than 0.1mm make
Be the ratio (α values) of the terminal sedimentation value for stablizing relatively target stationary value and this grade of Theoretical Calculation between 0.90-0.98, α values
It is reliable to take 0.930.
2. fine grained soil lab simulation load test is before it there is failure by shear in sample, average settlement speed under loads at different levels
The linear relationship with corresponding duration in height reciprocal, result of the test fully demonstrated indoor test method and pushed away with computing formula
It is effective to lead, and meets theory calls.
3. bedding value test value in situ, one to property between indoor test value and specification recommendation three, absolutely prove
It is effective, reliable test result to saturated soil and unsaturated soil that indoor test is controlled with computational methods.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of benchmark bedding value tester, it is characterised in that：Including：Frame (7), is provided with container (6) in frame (7),
Frame (7) fixedly mounts force transducer (18) by additional press box (3), and displacement transducer is fixed on force transducer (18) lower end；
Described container (6), including:Interior pressure transmission plate (8), unofficial biography pressing plate (9), guide ring (10), upper flange (11), cavity
(13), lower flange, base (14)；Guiding is coupled by built-in 4 groups of linear bearings between interior pressure transmission plate (8) and unofficial biography pressing plate (9)；
Cavity (13) inwall is cased with cylindric Emulsoid-film, is bolted sealing and forms pressure chamber with upper flange (11), lower flange
(16)；Cavity (13) both sides are provided with valve one (15), valve two (12)；Valve one (15) connects pressure chamber (16) volume adjustment
Pipe, two (12) connecting side pressure controller of valve；Guide ring (10) is fixed by screws on upper flange (11)；
Described frame (7), including:Lever one (1), lever two (2), additional press box (3), interior pressure frame (4), regulation lever one
(1) handwheel one (17) of level, the handwheel two (5), container holder of regulation two (2) level of lever；Interior pressure frame (4) truck dead lever one
(1) on, on additional press box (3) truck dead lever two (2).
2. a kind of benchmark bedding value tester according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described force transducer
(18), displacement transducer is connected with harvester by wire, and harvester is connected with computerized control system；Volume adjustment pipe, side pressure
Controller is connected with pressure chamber (16) by pipeline, valve respectively.
3. the indoor universal method of testing of benchmark bedding value tester described in a kind of claim 1, it is characterised in that：Its step
As follows：
1. container is assembled by structural requirement, toward pressure chamber volume adjustment pipe, fills degassing distilled water；Open water intaking valve,
De aerated water is filled toward pressure chamber, excludes whole bubbles；By standard correction test block, φ=100mm or φ=150mm, h=
150mm, is put into container；Apply lateral pressure step by step by 100KPa/min, until 800KPa, keeps 800KPa pressures not leak for 10 minutes
Water；Removal pressure, takes out correcting block；
2. diameter 100mm or 150mm, high 140mm samples are prepared, two ends will be put down, saturated soft soil sample surrounding pastes the filter of width 5mm
Paper slip 15～18, other samples do not paste filter paper bar；Gas in pipeline is excluded, and porous disc is put on container base, by filter paper
Piece is placed on porous disc with the sample for preparing, and is put container cavity and is locked with base, pressure transmission piston is mounted on sample top
End, fixed piston cover guide ring, and container is placed in frame, and rotating handwheel makes lever one keep horizontality with lever two；
3. pressure chamber volume adjustment pipe height is raised, makes pressure chamber volume adjustment pipe liquid level left higher than sample top surface 20cm
The right side, when film is adjacent to completely with sample, closes valve one；
4. the size according to sample original position gravity pressure applies pressure to sample and sets back stress state, when changing by shallow-layer formula
During calculation, gravity pressure is all added in lever 1:On 24；When by deep layer formula scales, gravity pressure should be added in lever one respectively
1:24 with lever 21:On 12, a diameter of 5cm of the corresponding pressing plate of lever two, it is sample that one corresponding compression area of lever is external diameter
The annulus area of diameter, interior diameter for 5cm；
5. open side pressure controller, opens valve two, observes real-time side pressure value and shift value, and when shift value, variable quantity is not per hour
During more than 0.005mm, according to side pressure currency, or the side pressure value calculated by static lateral pressure coefficient carries out voltage stabilizing；
6. when by deep layer formula scales, directly on the hanging scaffold of lever two, classification applies vertical load, it is ensured that produce in sample
There are 2-3 level loads before 0.2mm displacements, total series is no less than 8 grades, the compression property that the size of every grade of load increment presses sample is true
Fixed, when shallow-layer formula scales are pressed, answer first removal to apply pressure at right angle, after side pressure controller is again stable, in lever two
On hanging scaffold, classification applies vertical load, it is ensured that before sample produces 0.2mm displacements, have 2-3 level loads, total series to be no less than 8 grades,
The size of every grade of load increment is pressed the compression property of sample and is determined；
7. every grade of load is surveyed reading 0,10,20,30,60,90, the corresponding shift values of 120min and applies next stage load, until examination
Sample destruction or predetermined load terminate to test, and the whole pressure of removal take out sample, clean container；
8. calculate and drawing
1) inverse that the average settlement speed of period is read in each survey under loads at different levels is calculated as follows；
M=T/ △ S
△ S=St-S0
Reciprocal h/mms of the M for sedimentation velocity in formula；T is the duration h for surveying read point；△ S are the absolute settlement amount for surveying read point, and unit is
mm；S0For the reading before certain grade of load loading, unit is mm；StFor the reading of certain survey read point, unit is mm；
2) with T/ △ S as ordinate, T be abscissa draw rectangular coordinates figure, diagrammatically or one-variable linear regression solve straight line
Slope A values；
3) the final settlement △ S of certain grade of load are calculatedn
△Sn=1/A
Slope 1/mms of the A for straight line in formula；
4) order according to loading is by the final settlement △ S of loads at different levelsnAdd up successively and amplify 6 α times, α is constant, and original position is adopted
α=0.930 when making benchmark with diameter 30cm pressing plates, makees benchmark i.e. 5.58 times to circular plate, obtains cumulative settling amount correction value,
With cumulative settling amount correction value as ordinate, pressure value is that abscissa draws p-s curves, asks for regarding bedding on this p-s curve
COEFFICIENT K1；
5) calculating benchmark bedding value
Press shallow-layer control test
K30 gardens=K1
K30 gardensFor the benchmark bedding value that original position is measured using a diameter of 30cm circulars pressing plate, MPa m-1；K1It is regarding bedding value
K1=P1.25/ 1.25 or K1=P1/2/S1/2Or P-S curve the initial segment straight slopes, P1.25Sink for corresponding 1.25 millimeters in curve chart
The pressure value of drop, unit are kpa；P1/2For the pressure value of critical edge pressure half, unit is kpa；S1/2For critical edge pressure half
The corresponding sedimentation value of pressure value, unit is mm；
By deep layer control test
In formula, Z is the actual buried depth of soil, unit m, and the minimum depth is no less than 1m.
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| CN104594323B (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-09-28 | 浙江省工程勘察院 | Utilize the method for testing of horizontal reference bedding value test device |
| CN106644738B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2023-10-13 | 宁波冶金勘察设计研究股份有限公司 | Soil foundation bed coefficient measuring device and measuring method |
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