CN104088988A - Power assembly system with internal combustion engine and continuously variable transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a power assembly system which comprises an internal combustion engine (2) and a continuously variable transmission (3). To achieve relatively small loss with small consumption, particularly within a relatively high rotation speed range under the condition of compact structure manner, according to the power assembly system, a first speed change mechanism machine unit (8a) and a second speed change mechanism machine unit (8b) which is in action connection with the first speed change mechanism machine unit (8a) can be mechanically connected with each other through a switchable clutch (14).

Description

There is the power assembly system of explosive motor and stepless speed variator

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of power assembly system with explosive motor and stepless speed variator.

Background technique

In this class power assembly system, the gear (also referred to as " CVT ") for example by hydrostatic transmission, being made up of two gear machine units in speed changer infinitely carries out power transmission, in this gear, between gear machine unit, not to connect by mechanical type effect but connect the power transmission that realizes velocity ratio step-less adjustment by hydrostatic effect, this class power assembly system is widely applied and recently also should be had in automobile, also for motorcycle in mobile work machines.A kind of power assembly system of described type is disclosed in DE102005010092B4, be used in motorcycle, wherein, gear has the hydrostatic axial piston pump of wobble-plate structural formula that delivered volume is constant and the wobble-plate structural formula hydrostatic motor with adjustable discharge capacity.

This class motorcycle that is provided with described type power assembly system, have complete hydrostatic running driving device is under longer travel situations, in the time of high travelling speed, force to need, gear machine unit has on high-revolving operating point, in principle, cause and there is relatively high wasted power part.This wasted power part comprises volumetric loss and hydraulic-machinery loss and flow losses and churning loss, and these churning losses occur on the assembly rotating in the oil sump at case of transmission with high rotating speed of gear machine unit.In addition, under such applicable cases, the space existing in vehicle is limited, and this makes to wish that power assembly system needs as far as possible little installing space.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is based on following task,, provide the described type of beginning structure compactness power assembly system and there is the vehicle of this class power assembly system, this power assembly system and this vehicle especially have less loss in the situation that of very little expending within the scope of higher rotation speed.

According to the present invention, this task solves in the following way, that is, the first gear machine unit is with in effect, the second gear machine unit in being connected can be by means of switchable clutch mechanical connection each other with this first gear machine unit.

Correspondingly, basic conception of the present invention is, under definite running state, by stepless speed changing mechanism normal in service be not mechanically but for example hydraulically or the mechanically cross-over connection of those machine units in effect connects electricly each other, cause that thus the anti-torsion between explosive motor and gear output shaft drives.Therefore, can for example in the time that being configured to hydrostatic transmission, gear adjust pressure-less state in gear, discharge pressure medium and do not produce loss related to this not in this pressure-less state.

In the expansion scheme of the present invention's design, this switchable clutch is arranged between the gear output shaft that is provided for driving the gear input shaft of the first gear machine unit and can drive by the second gear machine unit directly or indirectly.

If gear input shaft and gear output shaft are in alignment with each other and arrange in favourable scheme of the present invention, can directly produce mechanical connection in simple mode in structure.

Be alternatively to this place but be also feasible, gear input shaft and the mutual axis of gear output shaft are arranged abreast, wherein, are furnished with mechanical type transmitting element, especially spur wheel level between the first and second gear machine units.Therefore, at this, these two gear axles are indirectly connected to each other the in the situation that of clutch closure, connect by described spur wheel level.Feasible at this, before or after this clutch is arranged in described spur wheel level.

This switchable clutch can be configured to can axially movable central siphon, be configured to the structural element of sleeve shape, this structural element can with axle be shaped in inside, the key tooth contouring with corresponding profile or sawtooth contouring be everywhere in engagement or be placed in engagement.Can in gear, realize thus the sealed connection of shape.Certainly, before engaging, clutch must carry out synchronization.

If this switchable die clutch construction is friction clutch, especially lamella clutch, the raw mechanical connection of force closure real estate between gear input shaft and gear output shaft.Synchronization is not enforceable or at least do not require required precision in the sealed clutch situation of shape, and prerequisite is, by corresponding structural design, this clutch can under load, be switched or can be at least on limited extent balancing speed poor.

Particularly advantageously, the first gear machine unit is configured to hydrostatic pump and the second gear machine unit is configured to hydrostatic motor.Equally also feasiblely be, alternate configuration is the gear of hydrostatic transmission, uses the gear of the Hydraulic coupling without machine unit according to power assembly system of the present invention, for example, use the gear that is configured to electric speed changer, wherein, the mutual electric coupling of machine unit.In order to adjust velocity ratio in hydrostatic gear, change the delivered volume of hydrostatic pump and/or the discharge capacity of hydrostatic motor.

In the situation that using hydrostatic transmission as gear, confirmed it is advantageously, hydrostatic pump and hydrostatic motor are connected to each other in closed loop, wherein, are provided with bypass valve.Can in the case of the delivered volume of clutch joint and hydrostatic gear machine unit or discharge capacity set to zero, stop residue quantity delivered and pressure initiation that cause thus, generation loss by this bypass valve.Get rid of to a great extent thus flow losses, compression loss and Volume Loss, and in hydrostatic gear, occurred stress-free or approximate stress-free state.

In addition feasible, by bypass valve, be equipped with the Vehicle Driving Cycle run duration according to power assembly system of the present invention to realize driving anti-slip regulation (Anti-Schlupf-Reglung).Once there is speed discrepancy between the trailing wheel for example driving at the front-wheel not driven with by this power assembly system in motorcycle, bypass valve is opened, a part for the volume flow of being carried by hydrostatic pump is directly guided to low voltage side, until the rotating speed of front-wheel and trailing wheel is consistent by the high pressure side of closed-loop path on hydrostatic motor side.After this equilibrium process, before bypass valve closure, the rotating speed of the delivered volume of pump and/or the discharge capacity of motor and explosive motor and trailing wheel is coordinated.

Do not limit and therefore may insecure travelling state in, bypass valve open the reliability that provides additional.Hydrostatic motor does not continue to be driven by hydrostatic pump thus, but on hydraulic pressure, takes off coupling and can freely rotate thus.

A scheme of the present invention is particularly preferred, and according to this scheme, hydrostatic pump and hydrostatic motor are configured to respectively the axial piston engine of oblique disk structure formula.

If the sense of rotation of hydrostatic motor can for example be reversed by the reverse of hydrostatic pump, delivered volume stream is inverted on contrary throughput direction, in speed changer, can cancel the special machinery shelves levels (" reverse gear ") reverse for direction of travel.Be equipped with according to the motorcycle of power assembly system of the present invention and can for example in the time adjusting, flexibly in astern direction, move thus.

With regard to few installation of power assembly system of the present invention expends aspect advantageously, gear input shaft is formed on the pump shaft of hydrostatic pump or is connected with this pump shaft, and gear output shaft is formed on the motor drive shaft of hydrostatic motor or is connected with this motor drive shaft.

In expansion scheme of the present invention, advise, between hydrostatic pump and hydrostatic motor, be provided with in the axial direction co-controlling base plate accommodating part (Steuerbodenaufnahme).At this, not only the quantity of required structure member keeps seldom, but also has obtained the short path between two driving mechanisms of hydrostatic gear, makes thus locational requirement and flow losses minimize.

In addition feasible, clutch is integrated in this co-controlling base plate accommodating part.Bypass valve also can be saved position and be integrated in this common control base plate accommodating part.

If hydrostatic pump and hydrostatic motor are arranged in the enclosing housing of single type or multi-part type and the pressure medium being in this housing can be discharged by the drain line that is subject to valve control, in the situation that clutch engages, namely at gear axle each other mechanical connection in the situation that, can make oil level in housing reduce, to stop the churning loss of rotary component of this gear.

In another program of the present invention, advise, after gear output shaft, arrange a clutch.This extra clutch is because security reason arranges and can for example be embodied as the lamella clutch of wet operation or is embodied as the dry sliding clutch moving.

Aspect compact structure advantageously, gear input shaft and/or gear output shaft can with respect to the motor drive shaft axis of explosive motor abreast adjacent and this gear be spatially arranged at least in part in the longitudinal extension region of motor drive shaft.

The present invention also extends to a kind of vehicle, especially motorcycle, and it has a power assembly system, and this power assembly system builds according to above-described enforcement modification.By the pure mechanically operated possibility in the vehicle of running driving device with full hydrostatic structure, can especially in high travelling speed situation, significantly reduce the loss in hydrostatic device.In the natural obvious limited motorcycle in the position that can be used for power assembly system, in use situation of the present invention, in fact do not draw the additional position demand of being worth mentioning.

Related to this, aspect the mode of structure of saving position, particularly advantageously, explosive motor and speed changer are arranged transverse to vehicle longitudinal axis.

But a kind of mode of execution that equally can be favourable is that explosive motor and speed changer are arranged along vertical axis.

Brief description of the drawings

Other advantage of the present invention and details are explained in detail by the embodiment who illustrates in the diagram.This illustrate:

Fig. 1 is applied to the principle schematic in motorcycle according to power assembly system of the present invention;

One flexible program of Fig. 2 power assembly system shown in Figure 1; And

Another flexible program of Fig. 3 power assembly system shown in Figure 1.

Embodiment

Power assembly system shown in Figure 1 is provided for packing in motorcycle.At this, the trailing wheel 1 of motorcycle can be also the cone travelling expenses winding strip type speed changer of the spacing between output terminal for crossing over stepless speed variator 3 and trailing wheel 1 to be driven by stepless speed variator 3 and cardan shaft 4(by explosive motor 2) drive, wherein, cardan shaft 4 is in power stream between the bevel gearing 4a and the bevel gearing 4b of wheel side in transmission side.Explosive motor arranges transverse to the vehicle longitudinal axis L of motorcycle, and that is to say, the motor drive shaft 2a axis of explosive motor 2 is parallel to the spin axis R of trailing wheel 1.

The stepless speed variator 3 being arranged in parallel with explosive motor 2 axis between this explosive motor and trailing wheel 1 has by two gears 5,6 mechanical type spur wheel level that form, input side and has the gear 8 being connected to below, and this gear is made up of with the second gear machine unit 8b being connected with this first gear machine unit effect the first gear machine unit 8a.This spur wheel level drives the gear input shaft 7 of the first gear machine unit 8a.At outlet side, the gear 8 being spatially arranged in the longitudinal extension region of explosive motor 2 has gear output shaft 9, and this gear output shaft is provided for driving and cardan shaft 4 bevel gearing 4a that be connected, transmission side.

Be provided for infinitely regulating the gear 8 of velocity ratio to be configured in the present embodiment hydrostatic transmission (can be also other gear mode of structure, for example, there is the gear that electro ultrafiltration connects between gear input shaft 7 and gear output shaft 9).At this, the first gear machine unit 8a comprises that hydrostatic pump 10 and the second gear machine unit 8b comprise hydrostatic motor 11.

For obtain in gear 8 without stage gear ratio, the discharge capacity of the delivered volume of hydrostatic pump 10 and/or hydrostatic motor 11 is changeable.At this, for example, by the possibility existing if desired, adjust on contrary throughput direction by hydrostatic pump 10, also can make the rotating speed of gear output shaft be reversed, thereby motorcycle can flexibly be moved in the time adjusting in astern direction.Do not need thus independent mechanical type reverse gear.

Hydrostatic pump 10 in closed-loop path with hydrostatic motor 11 Hydraulic couplings.Two unit preferable configuration are axial plunger driving mechanism, especially be configured to the axial plunger driving mechanism of oblique disk structure formula, they align and reciprocal interlocking mutually, wherein, they have common, be arranged in two control base plate accommodating part 12(what is called " back-to-back layout " between housing section 10a, 11a in the axial direction).Described control base plate accommodating part 12 is structure members, thereon as being provided with kidney-shaped control control base plate gap, dish type (also referred to as " control panel ") to be fixed with known.Between these two driving mechanisms of this hydrostatic gear, produce short path, make thus space requirement and flow losses minimize.In addition, between hydrostatic pump 10 and hydrostatic motor 11, do not needing high pressure connecting hose or hard tube and these connections can be configured to the passage of processing in control base plate accommodating part 12.

Be connected with a service pump being driven by gear input shaft 7 13 above at hydrostatic pump 10, this service pump is for example used as the supply pump of this hydrostatic transmission.The machine shaft that the machine shaft of hydrostatic pump 10 can be used as gear input shaft 7 and hydrostatic motor 11 can be used as gear output shaft 9.Alternatively, the organization plan of multi-part type is also feasible, in these schemes, gear input shaft 7 be connected on the machine shaft of hydrostatic pump 10 and with this machine shaft anti-torsion be connected, gear output shaft 9 be connected on the machine shaft of hydrostatic motor 11 and with this machine shaft anti-torsion be connected.

With organization plan (single type or multi-part type) independently, gear input shaft 7 can be by clutch that can be operated by unshowned clutch actuator in accompanying drawing, switchable 14 and gear output shaft 9 mechanical connections.Because the axle of mentioning can be in alignment with each other in the present embodiment, so this can realize simply in the following way: clutch 14 is configured to the axially movable pipe spreader of energy, this pipe spreader thus (under the switching state engaging) is directly connected to each other two gear axles.Ideally, clutch 14 is spatially integrated in described common control base plate accommodating part 12 as shown in the drawing.

With which, under definite running state of motorcycle this power assembly system or that be equipped with this power assembly system, i.e. in the situation that travelling with the high rotating speed long period (being exactly this situation when in high travelling speed), gear machine unit 8a, the 8b of stepless speed changing mechanism 8, mechanically by cross-over connection, form the driving of rigidity thus between explosive motor 2 and gear output shaft 9.

For can engaging clutch 14, need to there is rotating speed conformity.The rotating speed of gear input shaft 7 must be equivalent to the rotating speed of gear output shaft 9.Can there are for this purpose two speed probe (not shown), utilize them to detect rotating speed and the notice electric control device of gear input shaft 7 and gear output shaft 9, this electric control device is adjusted the velocity ratio in gear 8, be the delivered volume of hydrostatic pump 10 and/or the discharge capacity of hydrostatic motor 11, and cause thus synchronization.In order to cause switching in no-load condition, can be provided with alternatively two pressure transducer (not shown), they detect the pressure on the high pressure side of closed hydrostatic circuit and in low voltage side, and additionally process if desired the information from the controller of explosive motor 2.

In the situation that clutch 14 engages, in gear 8, adjust break-even state to a great extent, its mode is, if possible, the delivered volume of hydrostatic pump 10 adjusted to zero and also the discharge capacity of hydrostatic motor 11 is adjusted to zero if desired.Under any circumstance pursue stress-free state.

For this purpose, additionally be provided with bypass valve 15, by this bypass valve, engage and delivered volume hydrostatic pump 10 or hydrostatic motor 11 or discharge capacity set to zero at clutch 14, can suppress to remain quantity delivered and the pressure initiation of the generation loss that causes thus.

Preferably be integrated into equally this bypass valve 15 of controlling in base plate accommodating part 12 and also can sail for being expert at run duration realization driving anti-slip regulation.At this, while there is speed discrepancy when unshowned motorcycle front-wheel with between by the trailing wheel 1 of power assembly system drive, open bypass valve 15, a part for the volume flow of being carried by hydrostatic pump 10 is directly guided to low voltage side, until another the causing of rotating speed of front-wheel and trailing wheel 1 by the high pressure side of closed-loop path on hydrostatic motor 11 sides.

After this equilibrium process, before bypass valve 15 closures, the rotating speed of the delivered volume of hydrostatic pump 10 and/or the discharge capacity of hydrostatic motor 11 and explosive motor 2 and trailing wheel 1 is coordinated.

Even do not limit thereby may insecure travelling state under, also can open this bypass valve 15.Hydrostatic motor 11 does not continue to be driven by hydrostatic pump 10 thus, but on hydraulic pressure, takes off coupling and can freely rotate thus.

Be connected in other words an oil extraction pipeline 16 that is subject to valve control on housing section 10a, 11a at the housing of hydrostatic pump 10 and hydrostatic motor 11, by this oil extraction pipeline, in the situation that clutch 14 engages, at gear axle each other mechanical connection in the situation that, can reduce the oil level in housing by switchable expulsion valve 17, to stop the churning loss of rotary component of gear 8.

Gear output shaft 9 and and the bevel gearing that is connected of cardan shaft 4 between, have another clutch 18, this another clutch can for example be embodied as the lamella clutch of wet operation and for Security object.Thus, can and gear 8 in situation independently interrupt when needed the kinetic current between motor drive shaft 2a and the trailing wheel 1 of explosive motor 2.

Shown in figure 2 in embodiment variant, be arranged in clutch 14 between gear input shaft 7 and gear output shaft 9 and be not be configured to telescopic, can axially movable clutch sleeve pipe, but be configured to friction clutch, be especially configured to the lamella clutch of wet operation.Can abandon where necessary thus synchronization (" load switch clutch (Lastschaltkupplung) ") in hydrostatic gear 8 or so not strict to the requirement of synchronization, because lamella clutch is can balancing speed poor.Mechanical connection between gear input shaft 7 and gear output shaft 9 carries out to force closure in this modification.

This extra clutch 18 being arranged between gear output shaft 9 and transmission side bevel gearing 4a is configured to the dry sliding clutch moving, and this sliding clutch is automatically opened the in the situation that of rear lock.

In embodiment variant shown in Figure 3, it is not alignment that gear output shaft 9 is arranged with respect to gear input shaft 7, but axis is parallel.For cross-over connection, be provided with mechanical type transmitting element, be arranged with spur wheel level 19 in present case.

Therefore, in this enforcement modification, two gear axles in the situation that of clutch 14 closure indirectly, be connected to each other by this spur wheel level 19.Clutch 14 attached troops to a unit in gear input shaft 7 machine shaft of hydrostatic pump 10 be in other words arranged in spur wheel level 19 in power stream before.But also feasible, clutch 14 is arranged between spur wheel level 19 and gear output shaft 9.

Hydrostatic pump 10 and hydrostatic motor 11 all have the control base plate accommodating part (the control base plate accommodating part of motor 11 does not illustrate) of oneself, wherein, in the control base plate accommodating part 12a of pump or in the control base plate accommodating part of motor 11, can be integrated with clutch 14 and bypass valve 15.

The parts that are arranged in after the output terminal of stepless speed variator 3 are not shown in the accompanying drawings in this enforcement modification, in this enforcement modification, also can be provided with oil extraction pipeline and switchable expulsion valve, to reduce the profit prosposition in housing section 10a, 11a for reducing churning loss order in the running state of mechanical coupling each other at gear machine unit 8a, 8b.

Be perpendicular to one another arrange in the situation that at pump 10 and motor 11, substitute spur wheel level 19, can use bevel gear level.

Claims (20)

1. power assembly system, there is explosive motor and speed changer, described speed changer has stepless gear, it is characterized in that, the first gear machine unit (8a) is with in effect, the second gear machine unit (8b) in being connected can be by a switchable clutch (14) mechanical connection each other with this first gear machine unit.

2. by power assembly system claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described switchable clutch (14) is arranged between the gear output shaft (9) that is provided for driving the gear input shaft (7) of described the first gear machine unit (8a) and can be driven by described the second gear machine unit (8b) directly or indirectly.

3. by power assembly system claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described gear input shaft (7) and described gear output shaft (9) are in alignment with each other and arrange.

4. by power assembly system claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described gear input shaft (7) and described gear output shaft (9) mutually axis are arranged abreast, wherein, between described the first gear machine unit and the second gear machine unit (8a, 8b), be furnished with mechanical transmission element, especially spur wheel level (19).

5. by the described power assembly system of one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, described switchable clutch (14) is configured to can axially movable pipe spreader.

6. by the described power assembly system of one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, described switchable clutch (14) is configured to friction clutch, especially lamella clutch.

7. by the described power assembly system of one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, described the first gear machine unit (8a) is configured to hydrostatic pump (10) and described the second gear machine unit (8b) is configured to hydrostatic motor (11).

8. by power assembly system claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described hydrostatic pump (10) and described hydrostatic motor (11) are connected to each other in closed-loop path, wherein, are provided with bypass valve (15).

9. by the power assembly system described in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, described hydrostatic pump (10) and described hydrostatic motor (11) are configured to respectively the axial piston engine of oblique disk structure formula.

10. by the described power assembly system of one of claim 7 to 9, it is characterized in that, the sense of rotation of described hydrostatic motor (11) can be reversed by the reversion of the throughput direction of the delivered volume stream of described hydrostatic pump (10).

11. by the described power assembly system of one of claim 7 to 10, it is characterized in that, described gear input shaft (7) is formed on the pump shaft of described hydrostatic pump (10) or is connected with this pump shaft, and described gear output shaft (9) is formed on the motor drive shaft of described hydrostatic motor (11) or is connected with this motor drive shaft.

12. by the described power assembly system of one of claim 7 to 11, it is characterized in that, is provided with in the axial direction common control base plate accommodating part (12) between described hydrostatic pump (10) and described hydrostatic motor (11).

13. by the power assembly system described in claim 12, it is characterized in that, described clutch (14) is integrated in described common control base plate accommodating part (12).

14. by the power assembly system described in claim 12 or 13, it is characterized in that, described bypass valve (15) is integrated in described common control base plate accommodating part (12).

15. by the described power assembly system of one of claim 7 to 14, it is characterized in that, described hydrostatic pump (10) and described hydrostatic motor (11) are arranged in closure shell single type or multi-part type (10a, 11a), and the pressure medium in described housing (10a, 11a) can be discharged by the drain line (16) of valve control by one.

16. by the described power assembly system of one of claim 1 to 15, it is characterized in that, is furnished with afterwards a clutch (18) at described gear output shaft (9).

17. by the described power assembly system of one of claim 1 to 16, it is characterized in that, described gear input shaft (7) and/or described gear output shaft (9) can be adjacent abreast with respect to the motor drive shaft of described explosive motor (2) (2a) axis, and described gear (8) is spatially arranged in the longitudinal extension region of described explosive motor (2) at least in part.

18. vehicles, especially motorcycle, have by the power assembly system one of claim 1 to 17 Suo Shu.

19. by the vehicle described in claim 18, it is characterized in that, this explosive motor (2) and this speed changer (3) are arranged transverse to vehicle longitudinal axis (L).

20. by the vehicle described in claim 18, it is characterized in that, this explosive motor (2) and this speed changer (3) are arranged along vertical axis (L).