CN104085967B - The cruising ballast water treatment process of high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating - Google Patents
The cruising ballast water treatment process of high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is to provide the cruising ballast water treatment process of a kind of high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating.Pretreated water ballast enters to be connected in ballast pump the adds ducted pipeline that can produce the filling steel wool matrix of high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating field from the output port place of water ballast to ballast tank of ship and processes.The present invention can the advantage of integrated pulse magnetic field and high-gradient magnetic field, substantially increase microorganism and the magnetic field force suffered by suspended substance in equipment, while the microorganism of removal more than 50 microns, planktonic organism, plant and suspended particle, also there is very strong killing action to the virus of less than 50 microns, bacterium and protozoon, improve the inactivation ratio of microorganism, and safe and reliable, the normal running maintenance of boats and ships can not be affected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention's design be a kind of water treatment method, concrete ground says it is a kind for the treatment of process of ballast water for ship.
Background technology
Ballast water for ship refers to for controlling water that boats and ships trims, heel, drinking water, stability or stress takes in and suspended substance thereof aboard ship, it is the guarantee of modern oceangoing vessel steady steaming, the consideration operating for convenience and reduce costs at present, the main seawater that uses is as ballast medium.Oceangoing vessel, while injection and discharge water ballast, causes the territory over strait of unwanted aquatic organism and pathogenic agent to propagate.Along with becoming increasingly prosperous of shipping industry, the harm that water ballast causes marine ecology, public health without control discharge is also more and more serious, and the marine ecology malicious event caused is too numerous to enumerate.Whole world environmental protection foundation has been classified as four of harm ocean and one of has been threatened greatly.
Manage and the regulation controlling pact according to Management of Ships ' Ballast Water and settling, the process of water ballast refers to as killing removal water ballast and the unwanted aquatic organism in its settling and pathogenic agent, makes it to lose procreation ability.
High-gradient Magnetic centrifugation is by filling a large amount of stainless steel wool as filter substrate, the magnetic field effect of electric current makes stainless steel steel wool magnetize the magnetic field producing high-gradient nearby, the steel wool of magnetic conduction is greater than current pulling force and the action of gravity of particle own to the magneticaction of suspended impurity in liquid, suspended impurity is trapped within steel wool matrix, make it be removed, thus reach purification object.HGMS technology is widely used in Separation of Water in suspended impurity and settling, the microorganism that prior art utilizes High-gradient Magnetic to be separated to remove in water ballast more than 50 microns, planktonic organism and suspended particle.In fact, owing to there being very high magneticflux-density (can up to 1000 Gausses/micron) near steel wool in magnetic field, can produce as lorentz's force effect, induced current effect etc. to have the effect of destruction to cell or cell content neighbouring microorganism, also have killing action to the microorganism of less than 50 microns.High-gradient Magnetic is separated and is applied in the process of ballast water for ship by Zhao Ye, find to be not less than 12.7mT when field intensity, flow is not more than 10L/h, magnetic kind dosage is at about 400mg/L, now delivery turbidity can reach below 5NTU, and water outlet intestinal bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, chlorella and total microbe population have all dropped to less than 50% of former water.
But along with the microorganism of influent quality and the raising of lodged contamination content, for reaching discharge of ballast water standard, need ballast water treatment plant to have higher inactivation ratio to microorganism, the high-gradient magnetic field tripping device of general low-voltage power supply is difficult to reach requirement.
Pulsed magnetic field sterilization is the By Impulsive Current utilizing high intensity pulses current generator to send to spiral winding, and produce impulse magnetic field, pending sample is placed in the magnetic field of spiral winding inside, the microorganism in sample is subject to the effect of strong pulsed magnetic field and causes death.The germicidal action of impulse magnetic field in recent years more and more receives the concern of people, is a kind of effective non-thermal sterilization technology.Pulsed magnetic field is applied to process sanitary sewage by Li Mei etc., and result shows residence time 30min, magneticstrength 500mT, and under the experiment condition of pulse-repetition 40kHz, in water, the survival rate of total plate count is 0.01%, and algae is substantially dead.The people such as Ma Haile have studied magnetic excitation pulse electromagnetic field to the germicidal action of unpasteurized beer.Result shows: along with the increase of field intensity and umber of pulse, and sterilization effect strengthens; Pulsed magnetic field intensity is greater than 2.35T, and umber of pulse is greater than 10, or field intensity is greater than 2.11T, and when umber of pulse is greater than 30, total plate count remaining in unpasteurized beer is less than 50/mL, can reach commercially sterilised requirement.
Open report related with the present patent application has: 1, application number is 200910073103.X, the patent document of " combined treatment method for ship ballast water " by name; 2, " Research on mechanism of sterilization by pulse magnetic field ", " food science and technology ", 2004:4:11-13; " research of High-gradient Magnetic separation-ultraviolet compound ballast water treatment technology ", 2010, Harbin Engineering University." research of pulsed magnetic field water technology in sterilization, algae removal " " ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae ", 2004:24 (2): 20-264; " experimental study of the magnetic excitation pulse electromagnetic field sterilization of unpasteurized beer ", " Food science ", 2003:24 (4): 52-55; " present Research of ultraviolet-sterilization technology ", " petrochemical technology ", 2011:18 (4): 60-63 etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of process water yield large, energy consumption is low, except microorganism usefulness is high, and high-gradient magnetic field simple to operate and the cruising ballast water treatment process of combined treatment of pulsating.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Pretreated water ballast enters to be connected in ballast pump the adds ducted pipeline that can produce the filling steel wool matrix of high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating field from the output port place of water ballast to ballast tank of ship and processes.
The present invention can also comprise some features like this:
1, dosing coagulant before the pipeline entering the filling steel wool matrix that can produce high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating field.
2, before the pipeline entering the filling steel wool matrix that can produce high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating field, add magnetic kind, described magnetic kind selects the dust of iron-smelting furnace.
The invention provides one can effective Treatment of Ships'Ballast Water, and the process water yield is large, and energy consumption is low, except microorganism usefulness is high, and combined treatment method for ship ballast water simple to operate.
Principal feature of the present invention is: pretreated ballast water for ship is processed by the machinery not only producing pulsed magnetic field but also produce high-gradient magnetic field.The present invention can the advantage of integrated pulse magnetic field and high-gradient magnetic field, substantially increase microorganism and the magnetic field force suffered by suspended substance in equipment, while the microorganism of removal more than 50 microns, planktonic organism, plant and suspended particle, also there is very strong killing action to the virus of less than 50 microns, bacterium and protozoon, improve the inactivation ratio of microorganism, and safe and reliable, the normal running maintenance of boats and ships can not be affected.
The invention has the advantages that and utilize high gradient magnetic filter and pulsed magnetic field coupling technique can the microorganism killed in water ballast of high-speed and high-efficiency, realize directly removing the bacterium in water ballast, virus and protozoon in the process of Cemented filling water ballast.
The present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
(1) temperature rise of sterilization water body is generally no more than 5 DEG C, does not produce the chemical substance of corrosion cabin, pipeline.
(2) do not add any chemical agent, generate without disinfection byproduct (DBP), secondary dye can not be produced to water body and surrounding environment.
(3) water yield is processed large, not by natural cause, as the impact of temperature etc.
(4) safe and reliable to operation.Distance coil about 2m locates magneticstrength and decays to and be equivalent to absolute force, and therefore magnetic leakage free problem, security is good.And traditional sterilization is as adopted muriate or ozone, potential threat is produced to site operation personnel and surrounding environment.
(5) be easy to control, maintenance management, floor space are little.The generation in magnetic field and termination rapidly, are convenient to use conputer controlled.
(6) efficiently quick, compare with continuous wave and stationary magnetic field, impulse magnetic field killing power is strong, and efficiency is high.Because impulse magnetic field all has stronger penetrativity to solid-liquid, can go deep into causing sterilizing without dead angle in water ballast, sterilization is thorough, the dual function of High-gradient Magnetic filtration and pulsed magnetic field, there is faster stronger sterilizing ability, to realize in the process of Cemented filling water ballast the bacterium in direct removal water ballast, virus and protozoon.
(7) before equipment, a certain amount of magnetic kind is added---the dust of iron-smelting furnace effectively can improve the filtering efficiency of high gradient magnetic filter, at present, conventional magnetic kind is Z 250, price needs to reclaim, and by the solid waste of iron-smelting furnace generation---dust reclaims and is used, and Z 250 can be replaced to do magnetic kind processing ballast, discharge in the lump with rear with filter residue, eliminate magnetic kind recovery process, while improving High-gradient Magnetic filtering efficiency, greatly can save the expense of the operation of technique.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present invention process schema.
Fig. 2 is high-gradient magnetic field-combined treatment of pulsating technical schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that high-gradient magnetic field produces schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing citing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Composition graphs 1, during processing ballast, starts ballast tank and goes out water pump P
1, open valve F
1, F
2and F
3, valve-off F
4, F
5, F
6and F
7water ballast in ballast tank is delivered in static mixer H by water pump, by administration device to dosing coagulant in water ballast and magnetic kind, enter in high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating device through mixing pretreated water ballast, water ballast after machinery process enters in back flushing pond and stores, after pond median water level reaches requirement, the upflow tube by pond is directly given off hull by water ballast.When the water outlet water yield significantly declines, need to carry out counter-flushing process, now valve-off F
1, F
2and F
3, open F
6, F
7, first open air compressor machine K and gas punching carried out to device, after gas has rushed, open F
4, F
5start backwash pump P simultaneously
2gas, water punching are carried out to device.After back flushing, sewage, gas are through valve F
7flow back in ballast tank and store.After completing backwash process, the next one work period can be carried out.
Composition graphs 2, when pulsing circuit is started working, first K switch connects A end, and high-voltage DC power supply is by current-limiting resistance R
scharge to electrical condenser C, when the voltage on electric capacity reaches V, controlled by discharge switch, K switch connects B end, and electrical condenser C discharges to coil L and resistance R, and the big current I in discharge loop produces magnetic field in coil.Then, the electric current in coil carries out reverse charging to electric capacity, and after condenser voltage is reverse, fly-wheel diode is open-minded, and electric current flows through continuous current circuit, R
dfor adjustable resistance, regulate R
dsize, continuous current circuit characteristic can be changed, adjustment pulse waveform, namely choose suitable resistance R
d, continuous current circuit just can eliminate the negative pulse portions of coil current, oscillator circuit is adjusted to non-oscillatory loop.
When not filling steel wool in guide shell (or pipeline), solenoid link pulsed current, then will produce non-oscillatory pulsed magnetic field in effective magnetic conduction space.After filling steel wool in guide shell (or pipeline), because the relative permeability of steel wool is much larger than the relative permeability of water, therefore magnetic line of force concentrates near steel wool, relative to not had very high magneticflux-density by the space that steel wool occupies near steel wool, not only creating non-oscillatory pulsed magnetic field in guide shell (or pipeline) and also creating high-gradient magnetic field.
The treatment process of present embodiment water ballast is realized by following step:
1, water ballast pre-treatment
When ballast tank go out water pump the water ballast of ballast tank is delivered to static mixing gas time, the dust being added a certain amount of coagulating agent and iron-smelting furnace by administration device to water ballast carries out pre-treatment to ballast water for ship.Choosing coagulating agent is polymerize aluminum chloride, and according to water ballast water quality, its throwing amount is 5 ~ 200mg/L, and the throwing amount of iron-smelting furnace dust is 100 ~ 1000mg/L, and after mixing, water ballast passes in high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating device.
2, ballast water treatment
Ballast water for ship after pretreatment passes in high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating device and processes.Utilize the high-gradient magnetic field produced in device to filter ballast water for ship, remove the microorganism, algae etc. that are greater than 50 microns; Simultaneously because high-gradient magnetic field is to the effect of microorganism, part virus, bacterium, protozoon also can be killed.By the effect of pulsed magnetic field in machinery, make the violent change of magnetic field size, the induced current causing intracellular ion to produce and ion orientation movement, destruction is shone into for biological cell membrane, intracellular enzyme, protein etc., powerful kill bacteria, its sterilizing time is short, and germ-killing efficiency is high, under high-intensity magnetic field effect, only need a few subpulse just can realize efficient sterilizing.
High-gradient Magnetic is filtered and is made up of the cylinder (or pipeline) of energy storage capacitor, pilot circuit, output interface, discharging circuit for subsequent use, magnet coil, magnetic conduction heel piece, filling bristle and termination with combined treatment of pulsating device.Instrument adopts first accumulation of energy, the mode of operation of rear transient burst of energy.This equipment magnetic induction density should be limited in 1 ~ 3T, and the too low treatment effect of magnetic induction density is not good, and the too high then heating effect of current of magnetic induction density is excessive, and needing increases cooling apparatus, and make cost increase, frequency control is at 20 ~ 200Hz.
Steel wool matrix is filled in cylinder (or pipeline), steel wool (316 stainless steel) diameter is 10 ~ 50 μm, be filled in cylindricality reactor in a jumble, adopt the machinery of steel wool matrix can be separated the sub magnetic debris thing that the indissociable susceptibility of general magnetic separator is low, volume is little, there is bristle filling rate low (4% ~ 6%), the feature that field gradient is high.Its filtering velocity can reach 100 ~ 300m/h.
3, water ballast stores and discharge
Ballast water for ship after high-gradient magnetic field and the process of combined treatment of pulsating device enters back flushing pond, and after pond subject to backwash median water level arrives and requires, water ballast directly will discharge hull through bypass pipe.The effect in back flushing pond is the use of the water ballast after storing enough process for back flushing.Pond capacity is determined according to ballast water capacity.
4, the back flushing of machinery
When the machinery water outlet water yield significantly reduces, back flushing need be carried out to it, adopt air water associated form to carry out back flushing.Backwashing water is pumped from back flushing pond by backwash pump, and pressurized air is supplied by air compressor machine.Advanced promoting the circulation of qi back flushing, open air compressor machine, first gas punching 2 ~ 4 minutes (0.5 ~ 1.0 MPas, backwash rate 100 ~ 300L/ square metre second), then open that air compressor machine carries out gas with the valve being connected back flushing water inlet pipe, water rushes 5 minutes (0.5 ~ 1.0 MPas simultaneously, 100 ~ 300L/ square metre of second of gas flushing intensity, 100 ~ 300L/ square metre of second of water backwash rate).After back flushing, effluent stream is returned in ballast tank and is stored.After completing backwash process, the next one work period can be carried out.
Adopt high gradient magnetic filter and combined treatment of pulsating technology, have sooner, more efficiently, more energy-conservation advantage.High-gradient Magnetic filter can remove more than 50 microns microorganism, planktonic organism, while plant and suspended particle, kill the virus of a part of less than 50 microns, bacterium and protozoon; And pulsed magnetic field energy kills most virus in water, bacterium and primary animals and plants further, water outlet is made to reach relevant criterion requirement.Two kinds of magnetic field actings in conjunction, it retains with bactericidal potency all higher than independent a kind of magnetic field.
For investigating resultant field sterilization effect, under continuum micromeehanics condition, by manual simulation's water ballast respectively by high-gradient magnetic separation unit, pulsed magnetic field apparatus and high-gradient magnetic field-combined treatment of pulsating device, test.High-gradient magnetic field magneticstrength is 16mT, and pulsed magnetic field and associating field voltage are 1000V, because coil is identical, magneticstrength is 2.11T, and getting empirical flow is 27L/h, controls initial haze 70 ~ 80NTU, magnetic kind throwing amount is 1000mg/L, and consuming amount of concrete is 100mg/L.Experiment adopts artificial seawater, biological according to " Management of Ships ' Ballast Water and settling manage and control pact " D-2 standard set quota, adopts Mocledon to fill a prescription and simulates artificial seawater, pH value 7.5 ~ 8.0, water temperature 16 ~ 26 DEG C, salinity 35psu, turbidity 70mg/L; The average water quality of the Biological indicators simulation CHINESE OFFSHORE seawater of experimental water: the influent density of intestinal bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, chlorella all controls 10
4about cfu/100mL.In this experiment, colibacillary mensuration uses membrane filtration counting; Algae adopts optical densitometric method counting; Staphylococcus aureus measures and adopts flat band method counting.Detect intestinal bacteria, staphylococcus aureus, chlorella three microbiological indicators to each system water outlet, each experiment is averaged for parallel 3 times.Its inactivating efficacy is as following table.
As can be seen from the above table, high gradient magnetic filter and combined treatment of pulsating technology more effectively can remove the microorganism in water ballast, after process, residue microbiological indicator all can reach the D-2 standard-required of " control and management ballast water for ship and settling international convention ", and high gradient magnetic filter and combined treatment of pulsating technology efficiency are higher than independent high-gradient magnetic field or pulsed magnetic field.
In high gradient magnetic filter and combined treatment of pulsating technology, can mutually promote in two kinds of magnetic fields, make usefulness higher than independent a kind of magnetic field, its principle is:
(1) high gradient magnetic filter and combined treatment of pulsating technology separation usefulness are higher than independent high-gradient magnetic field.
The efficiency of Magneto separate depends on the size of making a concerted effort between the various power such as avidity between magnetic force and gravity, frictional force or mass force, particle and repulsive force.When not changing the external conditionss such as temperature, pressure, flow velocity, water quality, magnetic force is larger, and particle is more separated.
Suspended substance in water or microorganism are reduced to spherical particle, and particle radius is b, and in magnetic field, magneticmedium (steel wool) is reduced to a right cylinder, and its radius is a, as Fig. 3, and the magnetic force F that analysing particulates is suffered in the plane through the particle centre of sphere
msize.
F
m＝V(χ
p-χ
m)H
(r)dB
(r)/dr(5-1)
In formula, χ
pfor the susceptibility of particle; χ
mfor the susceptibility of fluid medium; R is the width between centers of particle and steel wool; H
(r)for circumgranular magneticstrength, change with r; B
(r)for circumgranular magnetic induction density, change with r; V is particle volume.
Due to: H
(r)=H
0(1+a
2/ r
2) (5-2)
And B=μ
0μ
rh (5-3)
Obtained by (5-2) formula and (5-3) formula: B
(r)=B
0(1+a
2/ r
2) (5-4)
Obtained by (5-4) differentiate: dB
1/ dr=-2B
0a
2/ r
3(5-5)
Then (5-2), (5-3), (5-5) are brought into (5-1) and obtain:
So, magnetic induction density B
0larger, suffered by particle, magnetic force is larger, more separated.High-gradient magnetic separation unit adopts low-voltage power supply, magnetic induction density is less, is generally 0 ~ 1T, and pulsed magnetic field generally then adopts high-voltage power supply, magnetic induction density can reach 1 ~ 8T, further, through adjustment, the sense of current of non-oscillatory circuit coil is constant, pulsed magnetic field direction is also constant, so be combined with high-gradient magnetic field by pulsed magnetic field, the magnetic induction density on steel wool and particle increases greatly, and the separation efficiency of device also can strengthen greatly.
(2) high gradient magnetic filter and combined treatment of pulsating technology bactericidal potency are higher than independent pulsed magnetic field.
For pulsed magnetic field, the key one of sterilization effect is the magnetic flux of the transition produced in cell, and namely d Φ/dt, d Φ/dt is larger, and magnetic field effect is stronger, and inactivation ratio is higher; Two is microorganism residence time in magnetic field, and the residence time is longer, and the energy that microorganism accepts is larger, and inactivating efficacy is better.The advantage of combined apparatus is described from these two angles below:
A, steel wool cause gradient magnetic, and magnetic kind provides the dirt settling of magnetic, and by microorganism adsorption on steel wool, can retain part bacterium, the bacterium retained residence time in pulsed magnetic field increases greatly, and sterilization effect is improved.Meanwhile, the bacterium be not trapped moves in intensive, mixed and disorderly steel wool with current, adds resistance to flow, extends flow path, and this also can improve the residence time of bacterium at pulsed magnetic field.
B, set inductive solenoid long as l, radius is r, and solenoidal total number of turns is n, and alive I, and the relative magnetic permeability of solenoid coil medium is μ, and magnetic induction density is B
2.If l is much larger than r, then: B
2=μ nI.For obtaining larger current, resistance is less, supposes R=0, chooses suitable resistance R
d, oscillator circuit is adjusted to non-oscillatory loop, then in the cycle, in non-oscillatory circuit (with electric capacity positive dirction in Fig. 1 for positive dirction):
In formula, ω
0for channel frequency; U
sfor capacitance voltage/V; T is the time; c
1, c
2, r
1, r
2for the constant relevant with capacitor and inductor.
Then in inductive solenoid, magneticstrength is: B
2=μ nI (5-8)
The magnetic induction density gradient of independent high-gradient magnetic field is obtained by (5-8) differentiate:
dB
2/dt＝μn(dI/dt)(5-9)
Because in high-gradient magnetic field: B
1=B
0(1+a
2/ r
2) (5-10)
By high-gradient magnetic field and pulsed magnetic field coupling, the B of former high-gradient magnetic field
0produced by pulsed magnetic field, then B
0=B
2=μ n ω
0u
ssin (ω
0t).Formula (5-10) and (5-8) simultaneous are obtained high-gradient magnetic field and pulsed magnetic field coupling changes of magnetic field formula: B=(1+a
2/ r
2) nI (5-11)
The then magnetic induction density gradient of high-gradient magnetic field and pulsed magnetic field coupling:
dB/dt＝(1+a
2/r
2)nI≥dB
2/dt(5-12)
Illustrate that high-gradient magnetic field and pulsed magnetic field coupling are compared with simple pulsed magnetic field, dB/dt is larger, and d Φ/dt is just larger, and sterilization effect is better.
Claims (4)
1. the cruising ballast water treatment process of a high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating, it is characterized in that: ballast tank goes out water pump and is delivered in static mixer by water ballast in ballast tank, pre-treatment is carried out to dosing coagulant in water ballast and magnetic kind by administration device, process in the pipeline that pretreated water ballast enters the filling steel wool matrix that can produce high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating field, the magnetic induction density of described high-gradient magnetic field and combined treatment of pulsating field in 1 ~ 3T, frequency at 20 ~ 200Hz.
2. the cruising ballast water treatment process of high-gradient magnetic field according to claim 1 and combined treatment of pulsating, is characterized in that: described magnetic kind selects the dust of iron-smelting furnace.
3. the cruising ballast water treatment process of high-gradient magnetic field according to claim 1 and combined treatment of pulsating, is characterized in that: described coagulating agent is polymerize aluminum chloride, and throwing amount is 5 ~ 200mg/L.
4. the cruising ballast water treatment process of high-gradient magnetic field according to claim 2 and combined treatment of pulsating, is characterized in that: the throwing amount of iron-smelting furnace dust is 100 ~ 1000mg/L.
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| TWI685450B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2020-02-21 | 海神能源科技股份有限公司 | Hull ballast water sterilization method and device |
| CN110563278B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-07-21 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for treating phytoplankton through non-classical biological manipulation |
| CN115849526A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-03-28 | 江苏南极机械有限责任公司 | Ship ballast water magnetic field inactivation system |
| CN116621271B (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2023-10-20 | 威海中远海运重工科技有限公司 | Ultraviolet treatment device for ship ballast water |
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