CN104084086B - For the surfactant and its production and use of urea for vehicle solution - Google Patents
For the surfactant and its production and use of urea for vehicle solution Download PDFInfo
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- CN104084086B CN104084086B CN201410341548.2A CN201410341548A CN104084086B CN 104084086 B CN104084086 B CN 104084086B CN 201410341548 A CN201410341548 A CN 201410341548A CN 104084086 B CN104084086 B CN 104084086B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of surfactant for urea for vehicle solution and its production and use.This surfactant being used for urea for vehicle solution is fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent, its preparation method is 1) fatty amine or aliphatic diamine or both mixtures and catalyst I are dropped in reactor, with air in nitrogen displacement still, vacuumize, heat up, slowly add propylene oxide reaction and obtain propoxyl group polyether compound; 2) propoxyl group polyether compound and catalyst I I is made to be in step 1) in conditions of similarity still, slowly add oxirane, react liquid shows neutral in rear adjustment still, shifted out feed liquid and centrifugal, obtain fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent.The method is simple, is easy to realize large-scale production.Obtained surfactant is directly added in urea for vehicle solution and can improve its urea dispersiveness, atomizing effect, improve NH
3transformation efficiency, avoids SCR system to block.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to urea for vehicle solution, particularly relate to a kind of surfactant for urea for vehicle solution and its production and use.
Background technology
Automobile, especially diesel vehicle, exhaust emissions has become one of main source of atmospheric pollution, NO
xit is the Main Ingredients and Appearance of vehicle exhaust.NO
xneed exhaust gas processing device to control, as: thin nitrogen oxide trapping technique (LNT), SCR (SCR) technology, oxidation catalysis conversion (DOC) technology, EGR+particle trapper (EGR+DPF) technology etc., SCR technology is widely used in the vent gas treatment of heavy-duty diesel oil locomotive.
SCR technology is reduced the generation of particle (PM), then utilizes urea liquid to NO
xsCR catalyst carries out catalytic reduction.SCR selective catalytic reduction system operating includes 3 parts such as urea liquid supply system, urea solution jet and control system, SCR Selective catalytic reduction system.Urea liquid is deposited in vehicle-mounted special holding vessel, with the motor exhaust of pump by urea solution jet thermotropism, (about 300 ~ 500 DEG C, meet reduction reaction conditions).At high temperature, generation NH is decomposed after urea liquid gasification
3, under catalyst action, NH
3with the NO in tail gas
xreaction, generates harmless H
2o and N
2.
But due to urea bad dispersibility, decompose not exclusively, urea decomposition is NH
3intermediate product isocyanic acid (HNCO) in process is easy to urea or biuret reaction in solution, and generate and be difficult to decompose cyanuric acid, at a higher temperature, cyanuric acid is condensed into melamine further.The deposits such as undecomposed urea, cyanuric acid and melamine are attached in exhaust pipe, blender and SCR catalyst, change original gas flowfield, cause again sedimental further gathering, cause SCR system to block.SCR system blocking can directly cause automobile fuel consumption to increase, and exhaust emissions worsens, and can cause engine damage time serious.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is: provide a kind of fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent for urea for vehicle solution, this surfactant can solve that urea bad dispersibility in urea liquid, spray effect are poor, the unequal problem of atomized drop Size Distribution, can effectively prevent SCR system from blocking.
The second object of the present invention is: the preparation method providing the above-mentioned fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent for urea for vehicle solution, and the method is simple, is easy to realize large-scale production.
The third object of the present invention is: provide a kind of urea for vehicle solution containing above-mentioned surfactant, the urea good dispersion of this urea for vehicle solution, atomizing effect are good, NH
3transformation efficiency is high, effectively prevents the sedimental generations such as biuret, cyanuric acid and melamine, avoids SCR system to block.
For this reason, technical scheme of the present invention is:
For a surfactant for urea for vehicle solution, this surfactant is fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent, and its structural formula is:
Or
Or
Wherein: wherein R
1, R
2=H or CH
3, R
3, R
4=CH
3; N=2 ~ 18, preferably 6 ~ 12; M=2 ~ 12, preferably 4 ~ 8; X=1 ~ 10, preferably 1 ~ 6; Y=3 ~ 20, preferably 5 ~ 15.
The preparation method of described fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent, comprises the steps:
1) fatty amine or aliphatic diamine or mixture that both mix with any mass ratio and catalyst I are dropped in reactor, with air in nitrogen displacement still, be ﹣ 0.05 ~ ﹣ 0.095MPa to being evacuated to pressure in still, and be warming up to 90 ~ 140 DEG C, then in still, slowly add expoxy propane, pressure increase in still, controlled pressure is at 0.2 ~ 0.4MPa, reaction 1 ~ 6h, stop reaction time in question response still below Pressure Drop to 0, namely discharging obtains propoxyl group polyether compound;
2) by step 1) the propoxyl group polyether compound that obtains and catalyst I I drop in reactor, with air in nitrogen displacement still, be ﹣ 0.05 ~ ﹣ 0.095MPa to being evacuated to pressure in still, and be warming up to 90 ~ 140 DEG C, then in still, slowly oxirane is added, pressure increase in still, controlled pressure is at 0.2 ~ 0.4MPa, reaction 1 ~ 6h, reaction is stopped time in question response still below Pressure Drop to 0, in adjustment still after liquid shows neutral, method for optimizing for drip phosphoric acid in reactor, feed liquid is shifted out and after centrifugal removing insoluble matter, namely obtains described fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent,
Described catalyst I, II be respectively in NaOH, potassium hydroxide, caustic alcohol or sodium methoxide one or more with arbitrarily than mixing mixture;
Step 1) described in the quality of catalyst I be 0.5% ~ 2% of fatty amine or aliphatic diamine or mixture that both mix with any mass ratio and expoxy propane quality sum;
Thing mass ratio=1:1 ~ 10 of described fatty amine or aliphatic diamine or mixture that both mix with any mass ratio and expoxy propane;
Step 2) described in propoxyl group polyether compound be 1:3 ~ 20 with the ratio of the amount of substance of oxirane;
The quality of described catalyst I I be described propoxyl group polyether compound and oxirane quality and 0.5% ~ 2%.
The structural formula of described fatty amine or aliphatic diamine is
or
Wherein: R
1, R
2=H or CH
3, R
3, R
4=CH
3; N=2 ~ 18, preferably 6 ~ 12; M=2 ~ 12, preferably 4 ~ 8;
Described fatty amine is the mixture of different fatty amine; Described aliphatic diamine is the mixture of different aliphatic diamine.
A urea for vehicle solution containing described fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent, comprises the described fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent that concentration is 10 ~ 5000ppm in this urea for vehicle solution.
Described fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent that concentration is 10 ~ 5000ppm is comprised and concentration is the anti-foaming agent of 0.1 ~ 20wt.% in this urea for vehicle solution.
The mixture of described anti-foaming agent to be methyl-silicone oil or carbon number be one or more alcohol in the alcohol of 2 ~ 8.
This is used for the fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent of urea for vehicle solution, this surfactant can solve that urea bad dispersibility in urea liquid, spray effect are poor, the unequal problem of atomized drop Size Distribution, effectively prevent the sedimental generations such as biuret, cyanuric acid and melamine, effect prevents SCR system from blocking.Its preparation method is simple, is easy to realize large-scale production.Coordinate anti-foaming agent to add in urea for vehicle solution fat amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent of the present invention, on the basis meeting ISO22241-1 and GB29518 standard-required, its urea good dispersion, atomizing effect are good, NH
3transformation efficiency is high, can effectively prevent the sedimental generations such as biuret, cyanuric acid and melamine, avoid SCR system to block.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Surfactant S prepared by Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention 1
1surface tension with concentration curve.
Surfactant S prepared by Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention 2
2surface tension with concentration curve.
Surfactant S prepared by Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention 3
3surface tension with concentration curve.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described further, and its object is only better understand content of the present invention but not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1) 24.1g cetylamine and 0.5g potassium hydroxide are dropped in autoclave, with air in nitrogen displacement still,-0.09Mpa is evacuated to in still, be warming up to reaction temperature 120 DEG C, then slowly in still, pass into 23.2g expoxy propane by conduit, in still, pressure constantly rises, controlled pressure is at below 0.4Mpa, reaction 4h, expoxy propane complete reaction, discharging i.e. obtained cetylamine polyethenoxy ether;
2) 23.6g cetylamine polyethenoxy ether and 0.5g caustic alcohol are dropped in autoclave, with air in nitrogen displacement still,-0.09Mpa is evacuated to in still, be warming up to reaction temperature 120 DEG C, then 22g oxirane is slowly passed into by conduit, in still, pressure constantly rises, controlled pressure is at below 0.4Mpa, reaction time is 4h, to oxirane complete reaction, drip in phosphoric acid to still after liquid shows neutral in reactor, feed liquid in still is moved to carry out in centrifuge tube centrifugal, removing insoluble matter namely obtain cetylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S
1) product, its theoretical construct formula is as follows:
3) to urea quality concentration be 32.5% the aqueous solution in add the cetylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether surface active agent of variable concentrations, the surface tension of test different surfaces surfactant concentration solution, and to map, as shown in Figure 1.The critical micelle concentration of cetylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether is 4.1 × 10
-5g/mL, the surface tension at critical micelle concentration place is 29.5mN/m.Add S as seen from the figure
1after, the surface tension of urea liquid declines, and lower for the energy barrier during solution's solute dispersion that surface tension is lower, so, add S
1be conducive to the dispersiveness improving urea liquid.
4) use laser-Doppler dynamic particles analyzer (PDA) to be the urea for vehicle solution of 32.5% to urea quality concentration and add S
1urea for vehicle solution (the S of additive
1addition is 1 × 10
-4g/mL, urea quality concentration is 32.5%) carry out testing spraying characteristic.Spray axis is chosen five cross sections, each section selection 5 measurement points, calculate the average diameter of drop, experimental result is in table I.Add S as seen
1after, the mean drop diameter on cross section obviously diminishes.
Table I cetylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S
1) spray characteristics is affected
5) by 3) in the addition of the composite methyl-silicone oil entering to account for its gross mass 1% in the urea for vehicle solution of cetylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether surface active agent, be applied to the platform experiment of engine, experimental temperature is between 250 DEG C ~ 280 DEG C, the impact that the addition of chart surface-active agent reduces SCR system sediment yield, the results are shown in table II.
Table II cetylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S
1) addition impact that sediment yield is reduced
Embodiment 2
(1) 18.5g bis-n-hexylamine and 0.6g caustic alcohol are dropped in autoclave, with air in nitrogen displacement still,-0.07Mpa is evacuated to in still, be warming up to reaction temperature 100 DEG C, then slowly pass into 34.8g expoxy propane by conduit, in still, pressure constantly rises, controlled pressure is at below 0.4Mpa, reaction 4h, to expoxy propane complete reaction, discharging i.e. obtained two n-hexylamine polyethenoxy ethers;
(2) 26.6g bis-n-hexylamine polyethenoxy ether and 0.89g NaOH are dropped in autoclave, with air in nitrogen displacement still,-0.07Mpa is evacuated to in still, be warming up to reaction temperature 100 DEG C, then 33g oxirane is slowly passed into by conduit, in still, pressure constantly rises, controlled pressure is at below 0.4Mpa, reaction time is 6h, to oxirane complete reaction, in reaction system, drip phosphoric acid to neutral, feed liquid moved to and carry out centrifugal in centrifuge tube, namely removing insoluble matter obtains two n-hexylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S
2) product, its theoretical construct formula is as follows:
(3) to urea quality concentration be 32.5% urea for vehicle solution in add two n-hexylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S of variable concentrations
2) surfactant, the surface tension of test different surfaces surfactant concentration solution, and map, as shown in Figure 2.The critical micelle concentration of two n-hexylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ethers is 1.5 × 10
-5g/mL, the surface tension at critical micelle concentration place is 27.7mN/m.
(4) use laser-Doppler dynamic particles analyzer (PDA) to blank urea for vehicle solution (urea quality concentration is 32.5%) and add S
2urea for vehicle (the S of additive
2addition is 1 × 10
-4g/mL, urea quality concentration is 32.5%) carry out testing spraying characteristic.Spray axis is chosen five cross sections, each section selection 5 measurement points, calculate the average diameter of drop, experimental result is in table III.Add S
2after, the mean drop diameter on cross section obviously diminishes.
Table III two n-hexylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S
2) spray characteristics is affected
(5) by 3) in the addition of the composite butanols entering to account for its gross mass 2% in the urea for vehicle solution of two n-hexylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether surface active agents, be applied to the platform experiment of engine, experimental temperature is 300 DEG C, the impact that the addition of chart surface-active agent reduces SCR system sediment yield, the results are shown in table IV.
Table IV two n-hexylamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S
2) addition impact that sediment yield is reduced
Embodiment 3
(1) 17.2g decamethylene diamine and 2g sodium methoxide are dropped in autoclave, with air in nitrogen displacement still,-0.05Mpa is evacuated to in still, be warming up to reaction temperature 120 DEG C, then slowly pass into 116g expoxy propane by conduit, in still, pressure constantly rises, controlled pressure is at below 0.4Mpa, reaction 4h, to expoxy propane complete reaction, discharging i.e. obtained decamethylene diamine polyethenoxy ether;
(2) 66.6g decamethylene diamine polyethenoxy ether and 2.5g sodium methoxide are dropped in autoclave, with air in nitrogen displacement still,-0.05Mpa is evacuated to in still, be warming up to reaction temperature 120 DEG C, then 88g oxirane is slowly passed into by conduit, in still, pressure constantly rises, controlled pressure is at below 0.4Mpa, reaction time is 6h, to oxirane complete reaction, in reaction system, drip phosphoric acid to neutral, feed liquid be transferred to and carry out centrifugal in centrifuge tube, namely removing insoluble matter obtains decamethylene diamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S
3) product, its theoretical construct formula is as follows:
(3) to urea quality concentration be 32.5% urea for vehicle solution in add the decamethylene diamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S of variable concentrations
3) surfactant, the surface tension of test different surfaces surfactant concentration solution, and map, as shown in Figure 3.The critical micelle concentration of decamethylene diamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether is 1.0 × 10
-4g/mL, the surface tension at critical micelle concentration place is 34.8mN/m.
(4) use laser-Doppler dynamic particles analyzer (PDA) to blank urea for vehicle solution (urea quality concentration is 32.5%) and add S
3urea for vehicle (the S of additive
3addition is 1 × 10
-4g/mL, urea quality concentration is 32.5%) carry out testing spraying characteristic.Spray axis is chosen five cross sections, each section selection 5 measurement points, calculate the average diameter of drop, experimental result is in table V.Add S
3after, the mean drop diameter on cross section obviously diminishes.
Table V decamethylene diamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S
3) spray characteristics is affected
(5) by 3) in the addition of the composite octanol entering to account for its gross mass 2% in the urea for vehicle solution of decamethylene diamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether surface active agent, be applied to the platform experiment of engine, experimental temperature is 300 DEG C, the impact that the addition of chart surface-active agent reduces SCR system sediment yield, the results are shown in table VI.
Table VI decamethylene diamine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (S
3) addition impact that sediment yield is reduced
Claims (9)
1. for a surfactant for urea for vehicle solution, it is characterized in that: this surfactant is fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent, and its structural formula is:
Wherein: wherein R
1, R
2=H or CH
3, R
3, R
4=CH
3; N=2 ~ 18; M=2 ~ 12; X=1 ~ 10; Y=3 ~ 20.
2. surfactant as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: n=6 ~ 12 in the structural formula of surfactant; M=4 ~ 8; X=1 ~ 6; Y=5 ~ 15.
3. the preparation method of surfactant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) fatty amine or aliphatic diamine or mixture that both mix with any mass ratio and catalyst I are dropped in reactor, with air in nitrogen displacement still, be ﹣ 0.05 ~ ﹣ 0.095MPa to being evacuated to pressure in still, and be warming up to 90 ~ 140 DEG C, then in still, slowly add expoxy propane, pressure increase in still, controlled pressure is at 0.2 ~ 0.4MPa, reaction 1 ~ 6h, stop reaction time in question response still below Pressure Drop to 0, namely discharging obtains propoxyl group polyether compound;
2) by step 1) the propoxyl group polyether compound that obtains and catalyst I I drop in reactor, with air in nitrogen displacement still, be ﹣ 0.05 ~ ﹣ 0.095MPa to being evacuated to pressure in still, and be warming up to 90 ~ 140 DEG C, then in still, slowly oxirane is added, pressure increase in still, controlled pressure is at 0.2 ~ 0.4MPa, reaction 1 ~ 6h, reaction is stopped time in question response still below Pressure Drop to 0, in adjustment still after liquid shows neutral, feed liquid is shifted out and after centrifugal removing insoluble matter, namely obtains described fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent,
Described catalyst I, II be respectively in NaOH, potassium hydroxide, caustic alcohol or sodium methoxide one or more with arbitrarily than mixing mixture;
Step 1) described in the quality of catalyst I be 0.5% ~ 2% of fatty amine or aliphatic diamine or mixture that both mix with any mass ratio and expoxy propane quality sum;
Thing mass ratio=1:1 ~ 10 of described fatty amine or aliphatic diamine or mixture that both mix with any mass ratio and expoxy propane;
The structural formula of described fatty amine or aliphatic diamine is
Wherein: R
1, R
2=H or CH
3, R
3, R
4=CH
3; N=2 ~ 18; M=2 ~ 12;
Step 2) described in propoxyl group polyether compound be 1:3 ~ 20 with the ratio of the amount of substance of oxirane;
The quality of described catalyst I I be described propoxyl group polyether compound and oxirane quality and 0.5% ~ 2%.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: step 2) in regulate liquid in still to be neutral method be drip phosphoric acid.
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: n=6 ~ 12 in the structural formula of described fatty amine or aliphatic diamine; M=4 ~ 8.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described fatty amine is the mixture of different fatty amine; Described aliphatic diamine is the mixture of different aliphatic diamine.
7. containing, for example a urea for vehicle solution for surfactant described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: in this urea for vehicle solution, comprise the described fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent that concentration is 10 ~ 5000ppm.
8. containing, for example a urea for vehicle solution for surfactant described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: comprise described fatty amine polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether non-ionic surface active agent that concentration is 10 ~ 5000ppm in this urea for vehicle solution and concentration is the anti-foaming agent of 0.1 ~ 20wt.%.
9. urea for vehicle solution as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: the mixture of described anti-foaming agent to be methyl-silicone oil or carbon number be one or more alcohol in the alcohol of 2 ~ 8.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105032172A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-11-11 | 刘德龙 | High-efficient cleaning and maintenance liquid of diesel engine SCR system |
| CN106064020B (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-10-23 | 许江煌 | A kind of preparation method of urea for vehicle |
| CN106039996B (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-11-23 | 许江煌 | A kind of urea for vehicle and preparation method thereof |
| CN107433123A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-05 | 东莞市升佳净水材料有限公司 | A kind of SNCR flue-gas denitration process denitrfying agent |
| CN108409957A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-08-17 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of urea for vehicle solution fluorocarbon surfactant |
| CN108499360A (en) * | 2018-04-14 | 2018-09-07 | 长沙小新新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of urea for vehicle and preparation method thereof containing catalyst |
| CN111389208B (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2022-06-03 | 山东骏逸环境科技有限公司 | Amino denitration agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN112791587A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-14 | 温州君怡化工贸易有限公司 | High-atomization automotive urea solution and preparation method thereof |
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