CN104080745B - The manufacture method of the manufacture method of glass preform and glass preform, optical element and optical element - Google Patents

The manufacture method of the manufacture method of glass preform and glass preform, optical element and optical element Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104080745B
CN104080745B CN201380007254.XA CN201380007254A CN104080745B CN 104080745 B CN104080745 B CN 104080745B CN 201380007254 A CN201380007254 A CN 201380007254A CN 104080745 B CN104080745 B CN 104080745B
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China
Prior art keywords
counterdie
gas
molding surface
glass preform
glass
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CN201380007254.XA
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CN104080745A (en
Inventor
宇津木克己
中村谦吾
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Hoya Corp
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Hoya Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
    • C03B11/02—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing in machines with rotary tables
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
    • C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
    • C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/40—Product characteristics
    • C03B2215/41—Profiled surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/40—Product characteristics
    • C03B2215/46—Lenses, e.g. bi-convex
    • C03B2215/48—Convex-concave
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/61—Positioning the glass to be pressed with respect to the press dies or press axis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/63—Pressing between porous dies supplied with gas, i.e. contactless pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/65—Means for releasing gas trapped between glass and press die
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces

Abstract

Make patrix (110) and counterdie (130) close when fused glass block (YG) is suspended in the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130), before the molding surface of patrix (110) and the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130) arrive make-position, stop gas being sprayed hole (133) supply gas, under the supply stopping state of this gas, make patrix (110) and counterdie (130) close further, fused glass block (YG) is contacted with the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130), at least in make-position, the degree entered into a part for fused glass block (YG) in gas ejection hole (133) of counterdie (130) carries out compression molding. by the manufacture method of this glass preform (GP), glass preform (GP) reproducibility few to section difference and fold can be manufactured desired shape well.

Description

The manufacture method of the manufacture method of glass preform and glass preform, optical element and optical element
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacture method of the glass preform of the pre-formed body as optical element (such as non-spherical lens) and glass preform and obtain manufacture method and the optical element of the optical element of optical element (such as non-spherical lens) by this glass preform is carried out precise compression molding.
Background technology
In compression molding, first the raw material (batch of material, glass cullet) of glass is concocted with specified proportion, via melting, homogeneous, clarification operation, fused glass block is supplied to preform forming mould and carries out compression molding, thus obtain the glass preform of the shape corresponding with the shape of the molding surface of preform forming mould. Then, glass preform is supplied to compression molding die and carries out precise compression molding, thus obtain the optical elements such as non-spherical lens.
As the manufacture method of glass preform, such as the manufacture method that patent documentation 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2010-138052 publication) discloses, so-called direct pressing mode is known, in this direct pressing mode, the melten glass flowed out from the spout of outlet pipe is cut off and obtains fused glass block, this fused glass block is supplied in the molding surface of the counterdie with patrix separate stage, make upper die and lower die close and between the molding surface of upper die and lower die, fused glass block is implemented compression molding, thus obtain glass preform.
In this direct pressing mode, when being supplied to by fused glass block in the molding surface of the counterdie lower than melten glass deblocking temperature, due to both contacts, the part that in fused glass block, only molding surface with counterdie contact is caused viscosity to become height by quick refrigeration. Therefore when glass preform is implemented compression molding, on fused glass block and the contact surface of counterdie and the border (grumeleuse line (go Block ラ イ Application)) in noncontact face, the section that can produce the temperature head due to fused glass block is poor, fold. Even if the section of this glass preform is poor, fold carries out, in rear operation, the optical function face that precise compression molding still cannot eliminate and can residue in optical element completely, the optical property of optical element therefore can be caused to be deteriorated and yield rate is reduced.
In order to suppress, the section of this glass preform is poor, the generation of fold, patent documentation 2 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2006-290702 publication) proposes following method: the molding surface at counterdie forms the minute aperture for spraying gas (levitation gas), fused glass block is given in a non-contact manner suspension bearing, in this case the gas sprayed from the molding surface of patrix (pressurizing device) is blowed to fused glass block, thus fused glass block compacting is obtained glass preform.
But, during pressurization, the molding surface of fused glass block and upper die and lower die is non-contacting, therefore the shape of molding surface cannot correctly be transferred on glass preform, cannot obtain the shape of expectation, and the form variations of glass preform becomes big.
Prior art literature
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2010-138052 publication
Patent documentation 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2006-290702 publication
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention to be solved
The present invention has developed in view of above problem, its object is to, and glass preform reproducibility few to section difference and fold is fabricated to desired shape well.
The technique means dealt with problems
The present invention is conceived to following viewpoint and has developed, namely, the state being suspended in the molding surface of the counterdie being formed with more than 2 gas ejection holes from fused glass block, when making upper die and lower die close and glass preform implemented compression molding, as long as at least the molding surface of the molding surface of patrix and counterdie arrive near make-position before stop being sprayed by gas gas (levitation gas) supply in hole, just the duration of contact of fused glass block and the molding surface of counterdie can be reduced and the generation of the section of suppression difference and fold as far as possible, and on fused glass block, the shape of the molding surface of shaping mould (upper die and lower die) correctly is transferred, thus reproducibility produces the glass preform with intended shape well.
In the manufacture method of the glass preform of a mode of the present invention, use and have the molding surface put and can the upper die and lower die with being separated close to each other, in above-mentioned upper die and lower die, at least being formed with more than 2 gases ejection holes in the molding surface of counterdie, the manufacture method of this glass preform possesses following operation:
When spraying gas from the gas ejection hole of counterdie, in the molding surface of counterdie, supply fused glass block, the molding surface of counterdie makes the operation that fused glass block suspends and supported;
The operation making upper die and lower die close when fused glass block suspends;
Before the molding surface of patrix and the molding surface of counterdie arrive make-position, stop being sprayed by gas the operation of hole supply gas;
When stopping gas being sprayed hole supply gas, make upper die and lower die close further, make the operation that fused glass block contacts with the molding surface of counterdie; With
At least in make-position, the degree entered with a part for fused glass block in the gas ejection hole of counterdie carries out the operation of compression molding.
Compression molding operation can stopping after to gas ejection hole supply gas, when there is the overbottom pressure of gas, carrying out in the way of resisting the overbottom pressure of gas. Or, compression molding operation also can be carried out when stopping completely from the gas ejection in gas ejection hole.
The glass preform of a mode of the present invention is the manufacture method by above-mentioned arbitrary glass preform and manufactures and obtain, and in the face of molding surface side of the counterdie of glass preform, is formed with the protuberance that the shape spraying hole with gas is corresponding. Further, between adjacent projection, it is formed with the recess formed by curved surface.
In the manufacture method of the optical element of a mode of the present invention, use and have the molding surface put and can the upper die and lower die with being separated close to each other, in above-mentioned upper die and lower die, at least being formed with more than 2 gases ejection holes in the molding surface of counterdie, the manufacture method of this optical element possesses following operation:
When spraying gas from the gas ejection hole of counterdie, in the molding surface of counterdie, supply fused glass block, the molding surface of counterdie makes the operation that fused glass block suspends and supported;
The operation making upper die and lower die close when fused glass block suspends;
Before the molding surface of patrix and the molding surface of counterdie arrive make-position, stop being sprayed by gas the operation of hole supply gas;
When stopping gas being sprayed hole supply gas, make upper die and lower die close further, make the operation that fused glass block contacts with the molding surface of counterdie;
At least in make-position, the degree entered with a part for fused glass block in the gas ejection hole of counterdie carries out compression molding, thus obtains the operation of the glass preform being formed with protuberance corresponding to the shape spraying hole with gas in the face of the molding surface side of counterdie; With
The glass preform obtained is implemented precise compression molding, thus the refining molding procedure of the optical element of obtained protuberance disappearance.
Compression molding operation can stopping after to gas ejection hole supply gas, when there is the overbottom pressure of gas, carrying out in the way of resisting the overbottom pressure of gas. Or, compression molding operation also can be carried out when after the gas ejection spraying hole from gas stops completely.
The optical element of a mode of the present invention is the manufacture method by above-mentioned arbitrary optical element and manufactures and obtain.
The manufacture method of the glass preform of a mode of the present invention is use have the molding surface put and fused glass block enforcement compression molding can obtain the upper die and lower die with being separated close to each other the manufacture method of glass preform of glass preform, in above-mentioned upper die and lower die, at least being formed with more than 2 gases ejection holes in the molding surface of described counterdie, the manufacture method of this glass preform comprises following operation:
When spraying gas from the gas ejection hole of counterdie, in the molding surface of counterdie, supply fused glass block, the molding surface of counterdie makes the operation that fused glass block suspends and supported;
After supplying fused glass block in the molding surface of counterdie, stop being sprayed by gas the operation of hole supply gas; With
When stopping gas being sprayed hole supply gas, make upper die and lower die close, make fused glass block contact with the molding surface of counterdie thus carry out the operation of compression molding.
The operation stopping supply gas carrying out before the molding surface of patrix and the molding surface of counterdie arrive make-position.
Compression molding operation carries out in make-position.
The glass preform of a mode of the present invention is the manufacture method by above-mentioned arbitrary glass preform and manufactures and obtain, this glass preform has protuberance and recess, and protuberance and recess are formed as the difference of the bottom from the top of protuberance to recess below 20 μm.
The mode of the 1st difference that protuberance and recess are greater than the top-to-bottom of the protuberance being formed at glass preform central part according to the 2nd difference of the top-to-bottom of the protuberance being formed at glass preform week edge is formed.
Invention effect
According to the present invention, it is possible to glass preform reproducibility few to section difference and fold is fabricated to desired shape well.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the structure of the separate stage of the upper die and lower die of the preform shaping mould that the manufacture method of the glass preform representing the present invention uses.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the structure of the proximity state of the upper die and lower die of the preform shaping mould that the manufacture method of the glass preform representing the present invention uses.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of the structure of the manufacturing installation of the glass preform of the rotation transfer formula that the manufacture method of the glass preform representing the present invention uses.
Fig. 4 is the figure of each operation of the manufacture method of the glass preform representing the present invention.Fig. 4 (A) illustrates the operation utilizing halogen heater to be heated by counterdie, Fig. 4 (B) illustrates the operation supplying fused glass block from feeder to the molding surface of counterdie, Fig. 4 (C) illustrates and utilizes the molding surface of upper die and lower die that glass preform is implemented the operation of compression molding, Fig. 4 (D) illustrates that the glass preform after by compression molding up pushes up and makes the operation of its Slow cooling, Fig. 4 (E) illustrates the operation that the glass preform after by compression molding takes out, and Fig. 4 (F) illustrates the operation after glass preform takes out, counterdie being declined.
Fig. 5 is the figure of the microphenomenon produced at fused glass block in the compression molding of the glass preform for illustration of Fig. 4 (C). Fig. 5 (A) illustrate fused glass block contact with the molding surface of counterdie before state, Fig. 5 (B) illustrates the state that fused glass block contacts with the molding surface of counterdie.
Fig. 6 represents the figure when there is the cross section from the glass preform carrying out compression molding and obtain when the overbottom pressure of the gas in gas ejection hole.
Fig. 7 is the figure in the cross section representing the glass preform carrying out compression molding and obtain when stopping completely from the gas ejection in gas ejection hole.
Fig. 8 is the figure of the structure representing precise compression molding mould.
Fig. 9 represents other figure implementing mode utilizing other universal stage that fused glass block is cast in shaping mould.
Figure 10 represents to be opened by the arm being arranged at other universal stage and fused glass block is supplied to the figure of the situation of shaping mould.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, with reference to accompanying drawing, the manufacture method of the glass preform of the present invention and the manufacture method of glass preform and optical element and an enforcement mode of optical element are described. Upper and lower in below illustrating is to taking arrow line direction described in scheming as benchmark.
" manufacture method of glass preform and glass preform "
(1) structure of glass preform shaping mould
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the structure of the upper die and lower die separate stage representing the preform shaping mould that the manufacture method of glass preform uses. Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the structure of the upper die and lower die proximity state representing the preform shaping mould that the manufacture method of glass preform uses. Glass preform shaping mould 100 possesses patrix 110, patrix housing mould 120, counterdie 130, counterdie supporting parts 140 and lower die housing mould 150.
Patrix 110 sequentially have from top large-diameter portion 111, than large-diameter portion 111 more path central diameter portion 112, than the minor diameter part 113 of central diameter portion 112 more path. The molding surface 114 (radius of curvature R 1) of the convex shape with accurate face shape it is formed with below minor diameter part 113. Patrix 110 is such as made up of stainless steel (SUS) material with antiadhesion barrier.
Patrix housing mould 120 sequentially possess from top big footpath cylindrical portion 121, than big footpath cylindrical portion 121 more path central diameter cylindrical portion 122, than the path cylindrical portion 123 of central diameter cylindrical portion 122 more path, it is the cartridge of both ends open. When the lower surface of the large-diameter portion 111 making patrix 110 is connected to the upper surface of path cylindrical portion 123, the patrix main shaft that the communicating pores internal fixtion in the upper portion being arranged at patrix 110 is not shown, thus make patrix main shaft and the integration of patrix housing mould 120. The combination of this patrix 110 and patrix housing mould 120 can lifting moving along the vertical direction by not shown patrix hoisting appliance.
Counterdie 130 is formed with circular segment portion 131 at the middle portion of periphery, forms the molding surface 132 (radius of curvature R 2) of the concave with accurate face shape in the above.The radius of curvature R 2 of the molding surface 132 of this counterdie 130 is formed (R1 > R2) according to the mode of the radius of curvature R 1 of the molding surface 114 being less than patrix 110. At counterdie 130, concave along the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 is concentric circles and regular is formed with more than 2 (multiple) gases ejection holes (fine gas ejection hole, multiple holes) 133 (with reference to Fig. 5), the upper and lower that counterdie 130 is run through in this gas ejection hole to.
Counterdie supporting parts 140 sequentially have large-diameter portion 141, minor diameter part 142 than large-diameter portion 141 more path from top, its be formed in inside run through upper and lower to the cartridge of cylindrical space 143. Make in the upper surface of large-diameter portion 141 circular segment portion 131 block to close, thus counterdie 130 is supported on counterdie supporting parts 140, thus make both integrations. In cylindrical space 143 in counterdie supporting parts 140, only the upper surface of large-diameter portion 141 is neighbouring is bigger footpath than other position, and the major part in the gas ejection hole 133 of counterdie 130 is exposed in this cylindrical space 143. The side, lower surface supporting parts 140 at counterdie is even then used in supply nitrogen (N2Gas) etc. the supplies for gas H of gas (not reactive gas). By this supplies for gas H, when supporting supply gas (hereinafter referred to as levitation gas) in the cylindrical space 143 of parts 140 from side, lower surface towards counterdie, this levitation gas supports in the cylindrical space 143 of parts 140 at counterdie and rises, and enters each gas ejection hole 133 of the counterdie 130 of the upper surface supporting being supported parts 140 by counterdie and sprays from molding surface 132. The i.e. gas flow path of levitation gas of the cylindrical space 143 of counterdie supporting parts 140 for supplying from supplies for gas H.
Lower die housing mould 150 sequentially has from top: make the periphery of large-diameter portion 141 of counterdie 130 and counterdie supporting parts 140 with the periphery of the chimeric big footpath cylindrical portion 151 of the clearance of specified quantitative (such as 200 μm), the minor diameter part 142 making counterdie supporting parts 140 with the chimeric path cylindrical portion 152 of the clearance of specified quantitative (such as 200 μm). The combination of counterdie 130 and counterdie supporting parts 140 can lifting along the vertical direction in the cylindrical space 143 of lower die housing mould 150 by not shown counterdie hoisting appliance. Herein, counterdie 130 is from the rising end (with reference to Fig. 4 (A)) that the position that the upper surface 153 of lower die housing mould 150 is slightly given prominence to is counterdie 130, and the lower surface 144 of big footpath cylindrical portion 141 of counterdie supporting parts 140 and the upper surface 154 of the path cylindrical portion 152 of lower die housing mould 150 are the decline end of counterdie 130 to the position connect.
(2) structure of the manufacturing installation of glass preform
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of the structure of the manufacturing installation 200 representing the glass preform rotating transfer formula. The manufacturing installation 200 of this glass preform has 12 the disposal site 1-12 being along the circumferential direction spaced configuration with 30 °. Manufacturing installation 200 at glass preform arranges universal stage 210 (intermittent dividing device), this universal stage 210 is for loading the parts (being the combination of counterdie 130 and counterdie supporting parts 140 and lower die housing mould 150, also claim shaping mould 220 below) of counterdie 130 side of above-mentioned glass preform shaping mould 100. This universal stage 210 counterclockwise rotates 30 ° by not shown driving source according to the mode interval ground across specified time, thus shaping mould 220 placed on universal stage 210 is sequentially transferred to each disposal site 1-12. Namely the manufacturing installation 200 of the glass preform of present embodiment can receive the parts (shaping mould 220) of counterdie 130 side of 12 groups of glass preform shaping moulds 100 simultaneously.On the other hand, the parts (combination of patrix 110 and patrix housing mould 120) of patrix 110 side of glass preform shaping mould 100 it are configured with in the disposal site 3 of the manufacturing installation 200 of glass preform.
(3) manufacture method of glass preform
Except above-mentioned Fig. 1～Fig. 3, another each process picture sheet with reference to Fig. 4 (A)～Fig. 4 (F) and Fig. 5 (A)～Fig. 5 (B), is described in detail the manufacture method of the glass preform of present embodiment. Fig. 4 is the figure of each operation of the manufacture method representing glass preform. Fig. 4 (A) represents the operation heated by counterdie by halogen heater, Fig. 4 (B) represents the operation supplying fused glass block from feeder to the molding surface of counterdie, Fig. 4 (C) expression utilizes the molding surface of upper die and lower die that glass preform is implemented the operation of compression molding, Fig. 4 (D) represents and is up pushed up by the glass preform after compression molding and implement the operation of Slow cooling, Fig. 4 (E) represents the operation that the glass preform after compression molding takes out, and Fig. 4 (F) represents the operation after glass preform takes out, counterdie being declined.
As the operation of prerequisite of the manufacture method of the glass preform implementing present embodiment, prepare to have to the molding surface 114 put and molding surface 132 and can the close to each other or patrix 110 that is separated and counterdie 130, in this patrix 110 and counterdie 130, at least it is formed with more than 2 gases ejection holes 133 in the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130.
First, in disposal site 1, as shown in Fig. 4 (A), make counterdie 130 rise to rising end by not shown counterdie hoisting appliance, by halogen heater, counterdie 130 is heated. The Heating temperature of the counterdie 130 that halogen heater heats is such as 240 DEG C. Heat the counterdie 130 after terminating and drop to decline end by counterdie hoisting appliance, then make universal stage 210 rotate, thus counterdie 130 is transplanted on disposal site 2.
Then in disposal site 2, as as shown in the 4th (B) figure, counterdie 130 is made to rise to the pouring position than rising end slightly lower section by not shown counterdie hoisting appliance, by feeder from the position, surface of the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 supply fused glass block (soften glass block) YG. Herein, the bottom (leading section) of melten glass stream is accepted by the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, when melten glass flows out with specified quantitative, utilize counterdie hoisting appliance to make counterdie 130 sharply decline and be cut off by melten glass stream, thus fused glass block YG is supplied in molding surface 132 (the decline process of chopping). The fused glass block YG temperature supplied is such as being equivalent to the temperature that glass viscosity is 1poise～20poise. At this moment, in the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, the levitation gas that supplies for gas H supplies can spray (gas flow during cast and when suspending: 0.20L/min) through gas ejection hole 133, and melten glass when therefore the bottom of melten glass stream is accepted by the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 and the fused glass block YG supplied in molding surface 132 can be supported with the state suspended in the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130. That is, get involved between the molding surface 132 of the bottom of melten glass or fused glass block YG and counterdie 130 and have levitation gas. This operation is following operation: when spraying levitation gas from the gas ejection hole 133 of counterdie 130, supply fused glass block YG, make fused glass block YG suspend and be supported in the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 in the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130. Then, make universal stage 210 rotate 30 °, thus counterdie 130 and fused glass block YG are transplanted on disposal site 3.It should be noted that, when carrying out glass preform GP shaping from melten glass, the melten glass supplied in the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 and fused glass block YG sometimes molding surface 132 with counterdie 130 there is instantaneous touch, in this manual, for melten glass and fused glass block YG at counterdie 130 for the contact not produced in hot sticky scope, show as the state making it suspend and supported or suspend.
Then, in disposal site 3, as shown in Fig. 4 (C), when the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 reduces specified quantitative from the upper surface 153 of lower die housing mould 150, by not shown patrix hoisting appliance, patrix 110 is declined. This operation makes patrix 110 and the close operation of counterdie 130. At this moment, the mode of the inner peripheral surface not contacting the big footpath cylindrical portion 151 of lower die housing mould 150 according to the periphery of the minor diameter part 113 of patrix 110 declines. Then, make not shown servo motor driven, make the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 close relative to the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 thus fused glass block YG is pressed, thus glass preform GP is implemented compression molding. When this compression molding, being make-position by patrix 110 and the immediate positional representation of counterdie 130, by considering, the shape of glass preform GP to be obtained, thickness etc. determine this make-position. In addition, the viscosity of fused glass block YG during compression molding such as can be set as 20dPa s～300dPa about s. It should be noted that, though show herein make patrix 110 and counterdie 130 close to after, by servomotor make counterdie 130 rise and to glass preform GP implement compression molding mode, but patrix 110 also can be made decline further from the approximated position of patrix 110 and counterdie 130 and to glass preform GP enforcement compression molding. In addition, for compression molding, in order to improve the form accuracy of glass preform GP, it is preferable that carry out compression molding in make-position, but also can make patrix 110 and counterdie 130 close to and carried out before arriving make-position.
Herein, with reference to Fig. 5 (A)～Fig. 5 (B), the microphenomenon that fused glass block YG in the compression molding of glass preform GP produces is described. Fig. 5 be the glass preform for illustration of Fig. 4 (C) compression molding in the microphenomenon that produces of fused glass block. Fig. 5 (A) represent fused glass block contact with the molding surface of counterdie before state, Fig. 5 (B) represents the state that fused glass block contacts with the molding surface of counterdie. It should be noted that, in Fig. 5 (A)～Fig. 5 (B), in order to make the content of the present invention more easily be understood, aperture and spacing that gas sprays hole 133 are more exaggerated than practical situation with describing.
Make when making fused glass block YG suspend patrix 110 and counterdie 130 close to time, first as shown in Fig. 5 (A), fused glass block YG contacts with the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 above. on the other hand, do not contact with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 because being subject to the levitation gas of gas ejection hole 133 ejection from counterdie 130 below fused glass block YG, when fused glass block YG does not enter in the gas ejection hole 133 of counterdie 130, fused glass block YG is carried out compression molding. at this moment compression molding is different from the effect of the compression molding illustrated by next paragraph, it means following situation: by the upper contact of the molding surface 114 with fused glass block YG that make patrix 110, thus make fused glass block YG produce distortion in the way of being similar to molding surface 114 shapes of patrix 110, thus by molding surface 114 shape transfer of patrix 110 in fused glass block YG, the downside of fused glass block YG and the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 is made to maintain noncontact state, levitation gas is utilized to produce distortion according to the mode of molding surface 132 shapes being similar to counterdie 130 in this condition.
In present embodiment, there is following operation: before the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 and the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 arrive immediate make-position, stop spraying hole 133 from supplies for gas H towards gas and supply levitation gas. For carrying out the opportunity of operation stopping supply levitation gas, such as can for make patrix 110 with counterdie 130 close to before, make patrix 110 and counterdie 130 close to and when the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 is contacted with fused glass block YG (when above-mentioned compression molding starts) or make patrix 110 and counterdie 130 close to the arbitrary opportunity in such above-mentioned compression molding further. Herein, as an example of present embodiment, for make patrix 110 and counterdie 130 close to and the situation that stops supply levitation gas in above-mentioned compression molding is described.
After above-mentioned compression molding stops supply levitation gas towards gas ejection hole 133, when there is the overbottom pressure of levitation gas spraying hole 133 from gas, the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 is contacted with melten glass YG, therefore until the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 contact with melten glass YG can by the enlarged outside diameter of melten glass YG. At this moment, the external diameter of melten glass YG can be equal or less with the internal diameter of the big footpath cylindrical portion 151 of lower die housing mould 150. If make patrix 110 and counterdie 130 close further when there is the overbottom pressure of levitation gas, as shown in Fig. 5 (B), the part below fused glass block YG can contact with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130. This operation is following operation: when stopping supplying levitation gas towards gas ejection hole 133, make patrix 110 and counterdie 130 close further, fused glass block YG is contacted with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130.
In present embodiment, as final operation, possessing following operation: in the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 and the immediate make-position of molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, the degree entered to a part (part not contacted with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130) of fused glass block YG in the gas ejection hole 133 of counterdie 130 carries out compression molding. Thus fused glass block YG can be implemented compression molding and obtain glass preform GP. Now, the periphery of glass preform GP is subject to the restriction of the inner peripheral surface of lower die housing mould 150, therefore can be formed as desired size (identical with the inner peripheral surface diameter of lower die housing mould 150). It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, before patrix 110 and counterdie 130 arrive make-position, stop supply levitation gas, therefore, it is possible to make fused glass block YG suspend with the as far as possible long time. So, section difference and the fold of glass preform can be suppressed. In addition, after the supply stopping levitation gas, fused glass block YG can be implemented compression molding with the state contacted with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, therefore the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 can siphon away enough heat from fused glass block YG in compression molding, and result can obtain high form accuracy (glass preform of section difference and fold few (shallow)). This is because, after supply fused glass block YG, with the as far as possible long time (in other words, until compression molding was not long ago), fused glass block YG is suspended, thus the duration of contact of fused glass block YG and the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 can be shortened.
On glass preform GP after so carrying out compression molding, in the face of molding surface 132 side of counterdie 130, it is formed with the minute protrusions GT that the shape spraying hole 133 with gas is corresponding.Namely, compression molding operation as above-mentioned final operation is following operation: at least in the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 and the immediate make-position of molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, the degree entered with a part (part not contacted with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130) of fused glass block YG in the gas ejection hole 133 of counterdie 130 implements compression molding, thus obtains the glass preform GP being formed with protuberance GT corresponding to the shape spraying hole 133 with gas in the face of molding surface 132 side of counterdie 130. In addition, between adjacent protuberance GT, it is formed with the micro-valleys GR formed by curved surface. This recess GR is the contact surface in the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 and melten glass YG when compression molding, makes melten glass YG shrink and formed because of melten glass YG decrease in temperature.
Now, it is conceived to a molding surface 132 of Fig. 5 (B), compared with the fused glass block YG contacted with the both ends of molding surface 132, the fused glass block YG contacted with the central part of molding surface 132 has more heat to be sucked away, therefore more contraction is produced compared with the fused glass block YG contacted with the both ends of molding surface 132, the fused glass block YG contacted with the central part of molding surface 132. Therefore, recess GR is formed as curve (curve form).
Then, a gas ejection hole 133 set by being conceived between adjacent two molding surface 132 of Fig. 5 (B). Enter in the fused glass block YG in the gas ejection hole 133 gazed at, it is little that the resistance ratios of fused glass block YG entering the central part in gas ejection hole 133 enters the fused glass block YG near the end (end of molding surface 132) in gas ejection hole 133, in addition, owing to the molding surface 132 with counterdie 130 is not easy to be cooled for noncontact, glass maintains low viscous state, thus enters smoothly. Therefore, the fused glass block YG entering the central part in gas ejection hole 133 enters to the distance (height in the mountain portion of=protuberance GT) in gas ejection hole 133 for maximum. This enters distance and refers to, is linked with imaginary straight line each other the end of the inner side of adjacent two molding surface 132, from this straight line to the shortest distance of fused glass block YG. On the other hand, enter in the fused glass block YG in the gas ejection hole 133 of molding surface 132, the fused glass block YG of end (periphery) entering gas ejection hole 133 is because the end with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 contacts and be cooled, glass adhesion is made to become high, therefore resistance is maximum, almost cannot enter in gas ejection hole 133. And, from the fused glass block YG of central part entering gas ejection hole 133 to the fused glass block YG of end entering gas ejection hole 133, resistance when entering increases gradually, therefore can form the protuberance GT of level and smooth curve (curve form). And, the end that the curve of protuberance GT so formed sprays hole 133 with the curve of recess GR at gas is connected. Therefore, the end (end of molding surface 132) in the gas ejection hole 133 of counterdie 130 is the point of inflection of protuberance GT and the curve of recess GR.
Based on this, the present inventor is presumed as follows. Near the central part of molding surface 132, fused glass block YG makes glass shrink because contacting, with counterdie 130, the cooling performance produced, relative to molding surface 132 leaving apart from (cup depth) as greatly (extreme value) toward top. On the other hand, spray near the central authorities in hole 133 at gas, the speed of cooling of melten glass YG is the slowest and maintains low viscous state, and therefore glass enters the distance (height in mountain portion) down left from molding surface 132 caused for greatly (extreme value).And, spray the most all edge in hole 133 at gas, molding surface 132 and glass contact, become the height between these two extreme values, therefore the present inventor speculates, the end (end of molding surface 132) in the gas ejection hole 133 of counterdie 130 is the point of inflection of protuberance GT and the curve of recess GR.
It should be noted that, herein, though the position illustrating point of inflection is the example of the end (end of molding surface 132) in gas ejection hole 133, but it is not limited to this, according to condition of molding, the gas ejection aperture in hole 133 of counterdie 130 used or spacing, it is possible to make the position of point of inflection offset. , in the present embodiment, in addition although the situation that protuberance GT and recess GR is connected by point of inflection being illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this.
For the ease of understanding in Fig. 5 (B), protuberance GT, recess GR and gas ejection hole 133 are amplified, in fact, protuberance GT, recess GR and gas ejection hole 133 are formed as less footpath, and the concave along the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 is (equally spacedly) configuration regularly. For the height in the mountain portion of protuberance GT, minimum near the center portion of the concave of the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, have, along with towards week edge, the tendency becoming high gradually. This can carry out following explanation based on the surface temperature distribution of the fused glass block YG in compression molding. That is, it is cooled because of levitation gas from being poured into compression molding below fused glass block YG, therefore with the glass contacted near the center portion of the concave of the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, it is relatively low temperature, high viscosity when compression molding starts. On the other hand, it is the glass being extruded and supply from the inside of fused glass block YG in compression molding with the glass of all edge side contacts of the concave of the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, it is not subject to the cooling of levitation gas, its temperature higher than with the glass contacted near the center portion of the concave of the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, be low viscosity. Thus, for the height in the mountain portion of protuberance GT, minimum near the center portion of the concave of the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, have, along with towards week edge, the tendency becoming high gradually. But the difference of distance that the difference of the height in the mountain portion of protuberance GT, i.e. melten glass YG enter the gas ejection hole 133 of counterdie 130 it is believed that it is the difference of glass surface before compacting or the difference on the surface regenerated from the glass on the emersion surface, inside of melten glass YG via compacting, and the external diameter peripheral part of strict fused glass block YG before compaction forms discontinuous change.
Herein, even if after the supply spraying the levitation gas in hole 133 from supplies for gas H towards gas stops, still having the levitation gas supplied to there is (there is overbottom pressure) in as the cylindrical space 143 of the counterdie supporting parts 140 of gas flow path, therefore this levitation gas can spray hole 133 continuation ejection specified time from gas. The compression molding of Fig. 5 (B) can be carried out in the way of resisting the overbottom pressure of levitation gas when the ejection of this levitation gas continues, it is also possible to carries out when after the ejection of this levitation gas stops completely. The former when, enter gas ejection hole 133 in fused glass block YG form recess GTR described later, therefore, it is possible to suppress protuberance GT height (gas ejection hole 132 in the amount of entering). When the latter, protuberance GT and recess GR can be connected with smooth curve, can the poor glass preform GP few with fold of the shaping section of obtaining.For the compression molding of Fig. 5 (B), it is carry out in the way of resisting levitation gas under the state (there is the state of overbottom pressure) that the ejection of levitation gas is lasting, or carry out under the state (state without overbottom pressure) after stopping completely, carry out when which kind of degree the spray volume of levitation gas be further, can set according to the shape of target glass preform GP, optical element, performance etc. suitablely.
The sectional view of the glass preform GP that Fig. 6 implements compression molding and obtain when being the overbottom pressure representing the gas spraying hole in existence from gas. That is, Fig. 6 represents the glass preform GP of situation about the compression molding of Fig. 5 (B) being carried out in the way of resisting levitation gas when the ejection of levitation gas continues. In the following side of this glass preform GP, it is formed with micro-valleys GTR by the overbottom pressure of levitation gas in the leading section of each protuberance GT utilizing the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 shaping. In addition, forming the radius of curvature R 1 shaping with utilizing the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 to be similar to or the curved surface being made up of same curvature radius R 1 in the top side of glass preform GP, the radius of curvature R 1 of the top side of this glass preform GP is greater than the radius of curvature R 2 (R1 > R2) when the point of inflection of each protuberance GT formed in the following side of above-mentioned glass preform GP being linked. Further, the compression molding of Fig. 5 (B) is carried out in the way of resisting levitation gas when the ejection of levitation gas continues, thus when the stopping of no matter gas supply be opportunity, can suppress the section difference of glass preform GP and the generation of fold. It should be noted that, the spray volume of levitation gas now and pressure consider that the height of the recess GTR and protuberance GT that are formed at glass preform sets.
Fig. 7 is the sectional view representing the glass preform GP implementing compression molding and obtain when after the gas ejection spraying hole from gas stops completely. That is, Fig. 7 represents the glass preform GP of situation about the compression molding of Fig. 5 (B) being carried out with the state without overbottom pressure. In the following side of this glass preform GP, the leading section of each protuberance GT utilizing the molding surface 132 (with reference to Fig. 5 (B)) of counterdie 130 shaping is level and smooth curve shape. In addition, there is following tendency: compared with the concavo-convex height of the glass preform GP of the situation about the compression molding of Fig. 5 (B) being carried out in the way of resisting levitation gas when the ejection of levitation gas continues shown in Fig. 6, the concavo-convex height of this glass preform GP is bigger. In addition, form the radius of curvature R 1 shaping with utilizing the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 in the top side of glass preform GP to be similar to or the curved surface being made up of same curvature radius R 1. Thus, the radius of curvature R 1 of the top side of this glass preform GP is greater than the radius of curvature R 2 (R1 > R2) when the point of inflection of each protuberance GT formed in the following side of above-mentioned glass preform GP being linked. It should be noted that, in the explanation relating to Fig. 6, Fig. 7, although the description of R1 the mode of R2, but the present invention is not limited to this. In addition, the top side of glass preform GP and the face of following side both sides all can be formed as convex.
After the compression molding of glass preform GP terminates, patrix 110 is made to increase by not shown patrix hoisting appliance, thus patrix 110 is separated with counterdie 130, after specified time, again start to spray hole 133 from supplies for gas H to gas supply levitation gas." specified time " that this place refers to refers to, reaches the sufficient time required expecting viscosity from compression molding after terminating to glass adhesion. Thus, glass preform GP is departed from from the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 is supported in non-contacting suspension mode. In this case, make universal stage 210 rotate specified quantitative, glass preform GP and counterdie 130 are transplanted on disposal site 4. It should be noted that, the opportunity that hole 133 supplies levitation gas is sprayed from supplies for gas H to gas for again starting, can be set as compression molding terminate after any opportunity, it is possible to after compression molding just terminates, be transplanted on disposal site 4 (with reference to Fig. 3) after the supply of levitation gas is started again. When making the supply of levitation gas again start after compression molding just terminates, it is preferable that gas flow is adjusted thus avoid shaping after glass preform GP shape deform.
In disposal site 4, as shown in Fig. 4 (D), counterdie 130 is made to rise to rising end by not shown counterdie hoisting appliance. At this moment, the glass preform GP after compression molding is ejected from the upper surface 153 of lower die housing mould 150, the contact of the periphery of lower die housing mould 150 and glass preform GP is terminated ahead of time, thus the periphery that can prevent glass preform GP is cooled excessively. Thus, the defect that the speed of cooling difference due to the center portion of glass preform GP and periphery can be suppressed and cause, be full of cracks. Then, counterdie 130 is declined, a part for the periphery of glass preform GP is stretched out from the upper end of the big footpath cylindrical portion 151 of lower die housing mould 150, universal stage 210 is made to rotate in this case, thus counterdie 130 and glass preform GP are transplanted on disposal site 5, then sequentially it is transplanted on disposal site 6-10. By making counterdie 130 from rising end decline specified quantitative, thus transfer time make the periphery of glass preform GP be subject to lower die housing mould 150 big footpath cylindrical portion 151 inner peripheral surface restriction, glass preform GP can transfer to maintain the state of position in the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130. At disposal site 5-10, make the glass preform GP Slow cooling after compression molding. At this moment, can being arranged at each disposal site and carry out Slow cooling by being configured at the not shown gas jetting nozzle above counterdie 130, the position of the gas jetting nozzle being configured at each disposal site can adjust according to obtaining specific cooling efficiency.
It should be noted that, though showing the example making counterdie 130 from rising end decline specified quantitative herein, but it is not limited to this, also the position that counterdie 130 can be made to maintain rising end carries out transferring thus is taken out by glass preform GP, in order to prevent the position of glass preform GP from offseting in molding surface 132, such as, at process position 8-10, counterdie 130 can be declined specified quantitative etc.
Then, in disposal site 11, as shown in Fig. 4 (E), it may also be useful to possess the absorption layer attracting function, the glass preform GP supported with suspended state in the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 is adsorbed, thus the outside taking-up toward preform shaping mould 100. Finally, in disposal site 12, as shown in Fig. 4 (F), counterdie 130 is made to drop to decline end by not shown counterdie hoisting appliance.
As above, in the manufacture method of the glass preform of present embodiment, the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 makes fused glass block YG suspend, make patrix 110 and counterdie 130 close, before the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 and the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 arrive make-position, stop that gas is sprayed hole 133 and supply levitation gas, when stopping gas ejection hole 133 is supplied levitation gas, make patrix 110 and counterdie 130 close further, fused glass block YG is contacted with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, at least in make-position, the degree entered with a part of fused glass block YG in the gas ejection hole 133 of counterdie 130 implements compression molding.Thus, by the duration of contact of the minimizing as far as possible of fused glass block YG and the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, it is possible to suppress the generation of section difference and fold, reproducibility can produce the glass preform GP with intended shape well.
The applicable nothing in being pre-formed as flats (biconvex curved) of the manufacture method of the glass preform of present embodiment grinds all preforms such as preform, is specially adapted to manufacture and the approximate shapes preform of the optical element shape approximation as end article. For approximate shapes preform, it is intended to shaping obtain needing distortion amount when reducing precise compression molding glass material when, it is desired to obtain, in the manufacturing stage of glass preform, the shape expected, be useful this kind of situation. In addition, the long lifetime of the solar heat protection mucous membrane reduced for press temperature during precise compression molding and formed on the precise compression molding mould that causes and precise compression molding mould is also useful.
In addition, when easily there is the glass preform that hot sticky glass material is formed in the shaping mould with precise compression molding, can at the hot sticky film (coating) prevented of surface applying of glass preform. But, if the distortion amount (velocity of variation) of glass preform during precise compression molding is bigger, painting film rupture can be made and cause inner glass to fly, fly the glass that and shaping mould hot sticky after can cause the surface generation defect suppressing product in precision, the optical element expecting performance cannot be obtained. If occurring glass hot sticky on shaping mould surface, then cannot carry out ensuing precise compression molding. Based on this point, distortion amount during in order to reduce precise compression molding and prevent film from breaking, it is desired to obtain, in the manufacturing stage of glass preform, the shape expected.
So, in the manufacture method of the glass preform of present embodiment, in the final stage of compression molding, when stopping gas ejection hole 133 is supplied levitation gas, the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 is contacted with above fused glass block YG, the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 is contacted and implement compression molding with below fused glass block YG. Thus, the approximate shapes glass preform GP with intended shape few without section difference and fold can be produced. In addition, the radial-deformation of glass preform GP during precise compression molding diminishes, and therefore breakage can not occur the hot sticky film prevented of glass preform GP.
Relative to this, such as, in above-mentioned patent documentation 2, when compression molding, the molding surface of fused glass block and upper die and lower die is noncontact, therefore from fused glass block, heat cannot be siphoned away, cannot on glass preform the shape of transfer printing molded, cannot limiting again the external diameter of glass preform, therefore cannot obtain the shape of expectation, the form variations of glass preform is big. Therefore, it is unsuitable for manufacturing approximate shapes preform, the problem of the hot sticky film breakage etc. prevented can occur when precise compression molding in addition.
" manufacture method of optical element and optical element "
Manufacture after the glass preform GP obtained temporarily is accommodated in the containers such as pallet as mentioned above, via the certain working procedure of matting, the hot sticky film formation process etc. prevented, it is supplied to precise compression molding mould.
Fig. 8 represents the structure of the precise compression molding mould 160 that present embodiment uses. Precise compression molding mould 160 is made up of patrix 161, counterdie 162 and housing mould 163. Patrix 161 and counterdie 162 are made up of minor diameter part and the large-diameter portion bigger than the diameter of this minor diameter part, and each minor diameter part possesses the molding surface 161a of convex shape and the molding surface 162a of concave that impose accurate face shape respectively.In addition, housing mould 163 is formed as the drum of both ends open.
Precise compression molding mould 160 is assembled as follows. First the inner side of housing mould 163 insert patrix 161, make on the path inner cavity of housing mould 163 patrix 161 large-diameter portion below to connecing, thus in advance patrix 161 and housing mould 163 are assembled. Then, at the molding surface 161a of the molding surface 162a and patrix 161 that make counterdie 162 to when putting, counterdie 162 is inserted from downside housing mould 163, makes patrix 161, counterdie 162 and housing mould 163 integration.
After supplying glass preform GP to precise compression molding mould 160, carry out precise compression molding by not shown compression molding device. Precise compression molding method for so-called isothermal compression molding is described below, wherein, is heated and implement compression molding by precise compression molding mould 160 together with glass preform GP. But precise compression molding is also by being undertaken implementing compression molding, i.e. so-called non-isothermal compression molding after precise compression molding mould 160 and glass preform GP respectively preheating, and its method is unrestricted.
In isothermal compression molding, first precise compression molding mould 160 is heated to together with glass preform GP the temperature of more than the second-order transition temperature (Tg) of glass preform GP. So make patrix 161, counterdie 162 and glass preform GP equal temperature each other, make the glass viscosity of glass preform GP be for precise compression molding suitable 106Pool～1012Pool. In addition, it is more preferable to, it is heated to display 108Pool～1011The temperature of the viscosity of pool carries out precise compression molding.
Then, drive not shown adding depression bar and pressed by patrix 161, make patrix 161 and counterdie 162 closely connect and be pressed by glass preform GP mutually, thus carry out precise compression molding. This operation the glass preform GP obtained is implemented precise compression molding thus obtains the refining molding procedure of the optical element that protuberance GT disappears. At this moment, make glass preform GP the molding surface 162a overlooking the molding surface 161a of position (central shaft) with patrix 161 and counterdie 162 to overlook position (central shaft) consistent accurately, it is thus possible to undertaken correctly suppressing by the center portion of glass preform GP.
Utilize precise compression molding, make the protuberance GT that formed on glass preform GP and recess GR completely dissolve. In other words, in the manufacturing stage of above-mentioned glass preform GP, forming the protuberance GT and recess GR of the degree that the precise compression molding of precise compression molding mould 160 can be utilized to make it really disappear on glass preform GP, this is extremely important. Herein, utilize precise compression molding it is believed that it is because the cross-sectional shape of protuberance GT and recess GR is the wavy (suspension stability of consideration fused glass block YG to make the protuberance GT formed on glass preform GP and recess GR disappear, concave along the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 configures equally spacedly, makes cross-sectional shape be the shape that curvature changes gradually as wavy).
First, the present inventor manufactures above-mentioned glass preform GP, it may also be useful to the glass preform GP obtained carries out precise compression molding, the optical element obtained by observation, the protuberance GT that results verification to glass preform GP is formed and recess GR completely dissolve. For shaping the used counterdie 130 of glass preform GP now, gas ejection aperture is 50 μm, and the spacing in gas ejection hole is 200 μm. When using so formed counterdie 130, it is 0.50 μm～0.55 μm (the 1st difference) near the central part of molding surface 132 from the top in the mountain portion of protuberance GT to the height of the bottom of recess GR, it is 1.60 μm～1.70 μm (the 2nd differences) near all edge of molding surface 132.This is the result that the glass preform GP for same crowd of the glass preform GP used with precise compression molding carries out measuring, and the present inventor speculates, as long as the difference of the bottom of the top of protuberance GT and recess GR is specially less than 20 μm, the present invention just can set up. In addition, the difference of the top of protuberance GT and the bottom of recess GR is more little, and protuberance GT and recess GR more easily disappears, it is preferred to be less than 10 μm, and more preferably less than 5.0 μm, it is desirable to be less than 2.0 μm.
In addition, in the examples described above, the difference of the top of protuberance GT and the bottom of recess GR relative to the top of the protuberance GT formed on glass preform GP spacing (counterdie 130 gas ejection hole spacing) ratio (%) be 0.25% [(0.50 μm/200 μm) × 100])～10% [(20 μm/200 μm) × 100]) and scope, higher limit can be 5.0% [(10 μm/200 μm) × 100]. In addition, the higher limit of this ratio can be set as 2.5% [(5.0 μm/200 μm) × 100], 1.0% [(2.0 μm/200 μm) × 100], 0.85% [(1.70 μm/200 μm) × 100], 0.80% [(1.60 μm/200 μm) × 100], 0.275% [(0.55 μm/200 μm) × 100]. By this ratio it will be seen that the difference of the bottom of the top of protuberance GT and recess GR is little relative to the ratio of the spacing at the top of the protuberance GT formed on the glass preform GP of the present invention, maximum also only have 10%.
In addition, the spacing in above-mentioned gas ejection aperture and gas ejection hole can be considered the suspension stability of fused glass block YG and change suitablely.
Relative to this, utilizing the glass preform that the direct pressing of existing mode produces as described in Patent Document 1, it is formed with cross-sectional shape, and to become the section on sharp limit poor, even if therefore passing through precise compression molding, this section difference still cannot disappear, and the optical property making optical element is deteriorated.
After precise compression molding terminates, precise compression molding mould 160 and glass preform GP are cooled to the temperature lower than the second-order transition temperature of glass preform GP (Tg). And after precise compression molding mould 160 and glass preform GP are cooled specified time, the counterdie 162 of precise compression molding mould 160 is extracted from housing mould 163, from the molding surface 162a of counterdie 162, the optical element (such as non-spherical lens) completed is taken out. The optical element so obtained is at the high optical element of the core shift precision of the molding surface 162a of the molding surface 161a and counterdie 162 having transferred patrix 161 on the surface correctly.
The optical element formed via precise compression molding, is temporarily accommodated in the containers such as pallet, carries out centering processing as required. Centering processing refers to, in order to remove the unnecessary position of optical element and carry out grinding, attrition process, known method can be adopted.
In above enforcement mode, in the disposal site 2 of the manufacturing installation 200 of the glass preform rotating transfer formula, directly supply fused glass block YG by feeder from the position, surface of the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130. But also can adopt other enforcement mode like that as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, namely on the universal stage 170 different from the manufacturing installation 200 of glass preform, utilize the split cavity (hereinafter referred to as suspension dish 172) arranged by arm 171 temporarily to keep fused glass block YG, then it is poured into the shaping mould 220 of the manufacturing installation 200 of preform.
Fig. 9 is the figure representing and fused glass block YG being poured into by other universal stage 170 other enforcement mode (manufacturing installation 230 of glass preform) of shaping mould 220.Figure 10 be represent the arm 171 being arranged at other universal stage 170 is opened after fused glass block YG is supplied to the figure of situation of shaping mould 220. Universal stage 170 possesses: being formed as flat 1 to the suspension dish 172 of the porous matter of 1 couple of arm 171, the leading section being arranged at this arm 171, this universal stage 170 is configured in the top (close to feeder side) of the universal stage 210 of described embodiment. 1 pair of arm 171 can carry out opening and closing freely according to the mode split at width. By being arranged at the arm closing mechanism (not shown) of arm 171,1 pair of arm 171 is closed, suspension dish 172 is utilized to be supported fused glass block YG (above the levitation gas sent from the lower section of suspension dish 172 with suspended state, fused glass block YG is given suspension bearing), after being opened by arm 171, supply utilizes suspension dish 172 to carry out the fused glass block YG of suspension bearing. At this moment, fused glass block YG is poured into the position higher than above-described embodiment. In addition, during cast and suspend time gas flow be set as the 0.20L/min identical with above-mentioned enforcement mode. Universal stage 170 is rotated toward the clockwise direction according to the mode interval ground across specified time, thus makes arm 171 sequentially by position 1～6. First, arm 171 utilizes suspension dish 172 to accept the fused glass block YG from feeder (higher position cast) in position 1 when being closed leading section. Then, arm 171 moves into place 2, leading section is opened at width (horizontal direction), thus the disposal site 2 of the manufacturing installation 230 at glass preform, the molding surface 132 (Figure 10) of counterdie 130 it is supplied to by being discharged by the fused glass block YG of suspension dish 172 suspension bearing. After the supply of fused glass block YG terminates, arm 171 stays open at width (horizontal direction) or is closed by arm 171 in position 3 later, returns to position 1 after being sequentially transplanted on position 3-6. At this moment, by being transplanted on position 3-6, arm 171 is cooled, state when returning to position 1. So, utilize universal stage 170 that fused glass block YG is supplied to glass preform shaping mould 100 such that it is able to make the temperature of melten glass YG and shape become equal one and produce the glass preform GP of high-quality.
In the example illustrated by above enforcement mode, at counterdie 130, concave along the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 be concentric circles and regular be formed run through its upper and lower to the gas ejection hole (fine gas ejection hole, multiple holes) 133 of more than 2 (multiple), but the aperture in gas ejection hole 133, spacing can according to the proportion of glass material, the shape of glass preform to be obtained, size, formed precision and be set to the size of expectation.
In above enforcement mode, when the compression molding of glass preform GP, the big footpath cylindrical portion 151 of lower die housing mould 150 is positioned at the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 and the periphery of the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130. Therefore, the periphery of glass preform GP and the big footpath cylindrical portion 151 of lower die housing mould 150 are to connecing, and the external diameter of glass preform GP is restricted and tolerance variations is diminished, and the thickness deviation of glass preform GP also reduces. As long as being the so shaping glass preform GP obtained, when precise compression molding, even using side glass preform GP also can not be occurred cannot to put into the problem of shaping mould to connecing shaping mould (being provided with the shaping mould of housing mould) of mode when. In addition, due to the formed precision height of glass preform GP, the plastic optical element obtaining high precision.
Relative to this, it is also possible to make counterdie have the function same with housing mould, or adopt side, elliptical unrestricted (sidefree) mode that given by housing mould. When the unrestricted mode in side, owing to the external diameter of glass preform GP is not restricted, the size deviation (distribution) of external diameter, thickness becomes bigger to connecing mode than side. Even if being the shaping mould (not arranging the shaping mould of housing mould) of the unrestricted mode in side, owing to being provided with tilt correction mechanism at shaped device, although therefore the external diameter dimensional precision of glass preform GP is poorer to connecing mode than side, but via suitably process such as centering processing etc., also can to connecing, mode uses equivalently with side.
In example shown in above enforcement mode, the state that levitation gas sprays makes the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 contact with fused glass block YG, then before arriving make-position, the supply of gas is being stopped, but be not limited to this. Focus on, glass preform GP can be formed at via the protuberance GT and recess GR of the degree that precise compression molding disappears really; Such as also before the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 contacts with fused glass block YG, the supply of gas can be stopped, then making it arrive make-position. In the case, the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 can be made before gas stops completely contacting with fused glass block YG, after the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 contacts with fused glass block YG, compression molding is implemented there is the state of overbottom pressure, in addition also can when implementing compression molding without when overbottom pressure.
In addition, also the supply of gas can be stopped, before the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 contacts with melten glass YG, melten glass YG is contacted with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, in the case, the fold etc. residuing in glass preform GP after compression molding is in the scope that can disappear when precise compression molding, then can use the present invention. Preferably, make fused glass block YG contact with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 with the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 simultaneously.
In example shown in above enforcement mode, the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 is formed as convex shape, the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 is formed as concave, though it is not so limited, the shape of molding surface can change suitablely. Such as the molding surface 114 of patrix 110 concave or planeform can be formed as, the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 convex shape or planeform can be formed as.
In addition, in example shown in above enforcement mode, the radius of curvature R 1 in the face of the upside of glass preform GP is bigger than the radius of curvature R 2 in the face of the downside of glass preform GP, but being not limited to this, the radius of curvature R 1 that the shape of glass preform GP also can be formed as the face of the upside of glass preform GP is less than the radius of curvature R 2 in the face of the downside of glass preform GP. In addition, though the face showing the upside of glass preform GP is the face of the downside of concave surface, glass preform GP is the example of convex surface, but it is not limited to this, upper and lower face can be formed on the contrary, or the upper and lower face that also can make glass preform GP is convex surface or concave surface.
The present invention can produce various optical element, such as lens, prism etc. The lens that can make are such as concavees lens, convex lens, biconvex lens, biconcave lens, plano-convex lens, plano-concave lens etc. For made lens, its 1st and the 2nd face can be sphere, aspheric surface or their combination.
The coating of anti-reflective film etc., chamfer machining, centering processing can be carried out as required on the surface of optical element.In addition, the extensibility of glass raw material during in order to improve compression molding and prevent the hot sticky of glass raw material and shaping mould, can form carbon in the molding surface of shaping mould and be coated with the films such as overlay film. As film, currently known methods can be adopted, such as, can adopt sputtering, chemical Vapor deposition process (CVD) etc.
The present invention is applicable in following ranges: when fused glass block is implemented compression molding, fused glass block YG is contacted with the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130, it is thus possible to from fused glass block heat siphoned away and by the face shape transfer that applies the molding surface 132 of counterdie 130 in fused glass block YG, it is possible to obtain the form accuracy expected.
Finally, it may also be useful to embodiments of the present invention are summarized by accompanying drawing etc.
As shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 7, in the manufacture method of the glass preform of embodiments of the present invention, using has the molding surface (114 put, 132) and can patrix (110) with being separated close to each other and counterdie (130), in this patrix (110) and counterdie (130), at least molding surface (132) in counterdie (130) is formed with more than 2 gases ejection hole (133), the manufacture method of this glass preform comprises following operation: when spraying gas from gas ejection hole (133) of counterdie (130), fused glass block (YG) is supplied in the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130), the operation making fused glass block (YG) suspend in the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130) and to be supported, when making fused glass block (YG) suspend, make patrix (110) and the close operation of counterdie (130), before the molding surface (132) of molding surface (114) in patrix (110) and counterdie (130) arrives make-position, stop being sprayed by gas the operation of hole (133) supply gas, when stopping gas being sprayed hole (133) supply gas, make patrix (110) and counterdie (130) close further, make the operation that fused glass block (YG) contacts with the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130), and at least in make-position, the degree entered with a part for fused glass block (YG) in gas ejection hole (133) of counterdie (130) carries out the operation of compression molding.
It is also preferred that, as shown in Figure 4, compression molding operation is after stopping that gas is sprayed hole (133) supply gas, in there is the overbottom pressure of gas, carries out in the way of resisting the overbottom pressure of gas.
In addition, it is further preferred that, as shown in Figure 4, compression molding operation carries out when after the ejection of the gas spraying hole (133) from gas stops completely.
In addition, as shown in Fig. 5～Fig. 7, the glass preform of embodiments of the present invention is by the glass preform (GP) manufactured by the manufacture method of the glass preform of present embodiment, is formed with protuberance corresponding to the shape spraying hole (133) with gas at glass preform (GP).
It is also preferred that, as shown in Figure 6, between the adjacent projection of glass preform, it is formed with the recess formed by curved surface.
In addition, as shown in Fig. 1～the 8th figure, in the manufacture method of the optical element of embodiments of the present invention, using has the molding surface (114 put, 132) and can patrix (110) with being separated close to each other and counterdie (130), in this patrix (110) and counterdie (130), at least molding surface (132) in counterdie (130) is formed with more than 2 gases ejection hole (133), the manufacture method of this optical element comprises following operation: when spraying gas from gas ejection hole (133) of counterdie (130), fused glass block (YG) is supplied in the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130), the operation making fused glass block (YG) suspend in the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130) and to be supported,When making fused glass block (YG) suspend, make patrix (110) and the close operation of counterdie (130); Before the molding surface (132) of molding surface (114) in patrix (110) and counterdie (130) arrives make-position, stop being sprayed by gas the operation of hole (133) supply gas; When stopping gas being sprayed hole (133) supply gas, make patrix (110) and counterdie (130) close further, make the operation that fused glass block (YG) contacts with the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130); At least in make-position, the degree entered with a part for fused glass block (YG) in gas ejection hole (133) of counterdie (130) carries out compression molding, thus obtains the operation of the glass preform (GP) being formed with protuberance corresponding to the shape spraying hole (133) with gas in the face of the molding surface side (132) of counterdie (130); And, the glass preform (GP) obtained is implemented precise compression molding, the refining molding procedure of the optical element disappeared with obtained protuberance.
It is also preferred that, as shown in Figure 4, compression molding operation being after stopping spraying hole (133) supply gas to gas, when there is the overbottom pressure of gas, carrying out in the way of resisting the overbottom pressure of gas.
In addition, it is further preferred that, as shown in Figure 4, compression molding operation carries out when after the gas ejection spraying hole (133) from gas stops completely.
In addition, the optical element of embodiments of the present invention is by manufactured by the manufacture method of the optical element of embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 7, the manufacture method of the glass preform of embodiments of the present invention uses to have the molding surface (114 put, 132) and patrix (110) with being separated close to each other and counterdie (130) fused glass block (YG) can be implemented compression molding and obtain the manufacture method of glass preform, in this patrix (110) and counterdie (130), at least molding surface (132) in counterdie (130) is formed with more than 2 gases ejection hole (133), the manufacture method of this glass preform comprises following operation: when spraying gas from gas ejection hole (133) of counterdie (130), fused glass block (YG) is supplied in the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130), the operation making fused glass block (YG) suspend in the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130) and to be supported, after supplying fused glass block (YG) in the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130), stop being sprayed by gas the operation of hole (133) supply gas, and, when stopping gas being sprayed hole (133) supply gas, make patrix (110) and counterdie (130) close, make the compression molding operation that fused glass block (YG) contacts with the molding surface (132) of counterdie (130).
It is also preferred that, stop supply gas operation be the molding surface (114) in patrix (110) and counterdie (130) molding surface (132) arrival make-position before carry out.
In addition, it is further preferred that, compression molding operation carries out in make-position.
In addition, as shown in Fig. 5～Fig. 7, the glass preform of embodiments of the present invention is by the glass preform (GP) manufactured by the manufacture method of the glass preform of present embodiment, this glass preform (GP) has protuberance (GT) and recess (GR), and protuberance (GT) and recess (GR) are formed as the difference from the top of protuberance (GT) to the bottom of recess (GR) below 20 μm.
In addition, preferably, as shown in Figure 6, the mode of the 1st difference that the 2nd difference of the top-to-bottom (GR) of the protuberance (GT) that protuberance (GT) and recess (GR) are formed according to all edge at glass preform is greater than the top-to-bottom of the protuberance (GT) that the central part at glass preform (GP) is formed is formed.
In addition, in the glass preform of embodiments of the present invention, the difference of the top of protuberance (GT) and the bottom of recess (GR) can be the scope of 0.25% [(0.50 μm/200 μm) × 100]～10% [(20 μm/200 μm) × 100] relative to the ratio (%) of the spacing at protuberance (GT) top formed at glass preform GP. In addition, the higher limit of this ratio can be set as 5.0% [(10 μm/200 μm) × 100].
In addition, the higher limit of this ratio can be set as any one in the middle of 2.5% [(5.0 μm/200 μm) × 100], 1.0% [(2.0 μm/200 μm) × 100], 0.85% [(1.70 μm/200 μm) × 100], 0.80% [(1.60 μm/200 μm) × 100], 0.275% [(0.55 μm/200 μm) × 100].
The enforcement mode that more than discloses only example instead of be used for limiting the present invention. Scope for the present invention, not by above-mentioned explanation but defined by claim, all changes in the content and scope being equal to claim should be comprised.
Nomenclature
100: glass preform shaping mould
110: patrix
111: large-diameter portion
112: central diameter portion
113: minor diameter part
114: molding surface
120: patrix housing mould
121: big footpath cylindrical portion
122: central diameter cylindrical portion
123: path cylindrical portion
130: counterdie
131: circular segment portion
132: molding surface
133: gas ejection hole (fine gas ejection hole, multiple holes)
140: counterdie supporting parts
141: large-diameter portion
142: minor diameter part
143: cylindrical space
144: lower surface
150: lower die housing mould
151: big footpath cylindrical portion
152: path cylindrical portion
153: upper surface
160: precise compression molding mould
161: patrix
161a: molding surface
162: counterdie
162a: molding surface
163: housing mould
170: universal stage
171: arm
172: suspension dish
200,230: glass preform manufacturing installation
210: universal stage
220: combination (shaping mould)
H: supplies for gas
YG: fused glass block (soften glass block)
GP: glass preform
GT: protuberance
GR: recess
GTR: recess

Claims (13)

1. the manufacture method of a glass preform, wherein, use and have the molding surface put and can the upper die and lower die with being separated close to each other, in described upper die and lower die, at least being formed with more than 2 gases ejection holes in the molding surface of described counterdie, the manufacture method of this glass preform comprises following operation:
When spraying gas from the described gas ejection hole of described counterdie, in the molding surface of described counterdie, supply fused glass block, the molding surface of described counterdie makes the operation that described fused glass block suspends and supported;
The operation making described upper die and lower die close when described fused glass block suspends;
Before the molding surface of described patrix and the molding surface of described counterdie arrive make-position, stop being sprayed by described gas the operation of hole supply gas;
When stopping described gas is sprayed hole supply gas, make described upper die and lower die close further, make the operation that described fused glass block contacts with the molding surface of described counterdie; With
At least in described make-position, the degree entered with a part for described fused glass block in the gas ejection hole of described counterdie carries out the operation of compression molding.
2. the manufacture method of glass preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
After stopping that described gas is sprayed hole supply gas, when there is the overbottom pressure of described gas, in the way of resisting the overbottom pressure of described gas, carry out described compression molding operation.
3. the manufacture method of glass preform as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
Described compression molding operation carries out when after the ejection of the described gas spraying hole from described gas stops completely.
4. a glass preform, it is the manufacture method by the glass preform described in the arbitrary item of claims 1 to 3 and manufactures the glass preform obtained, wherein,
Protuberance corresponding to the shape spraying hole with described gas it is formed with at described glass preform.
5. glass preform as claimed in claim 4, wherein,
It is formed with, between adjacent described protuberance, the recess formed by curved surface.
6. the manufacture method of an optical element, wherein, use and have the molding surface put and can the upper die and lower die with being separated close to each other, in described upper die and lower die, at least being formed with more than 2 gases ejection holes in the molding surface of described counterdie, the manufacture method of this optical element comprises following operation:
When spraying gas from the described gas ejection hole of described counterdie, in the molding surface of described counterdie, supply fused glass block, the molding surface of described counterdie makes the operation that described fused glass block suspends and supported;
The operation making described upper die and lower die close when described fused glass block suspends;
Before the molding surface of described patrix and the molding surface of described counterdie arrive make-position, stop being sprayed by described gas the operation of hole supply gas;
When stopping described gas is sprayed hole supply gas, make described upper die and lower die close further, make the operation that described fused glass block contacts with the molding surface of described counterdie;
At least in described make-position, the degree entered with a part for described fused glass block in the gas ejection hole of described counterdie carries out compression molding, to obtain the operation of the glass preform being formed with protuberance corresponding to the shape spraying hole with described gas in the face of the molding surface side of described counterdie; With
The glass preform obtained is carried out precise compression molding, thus the refining molding procedure of the optical element of obtained described protuberance disappearance.
7. the manufacture method of optical element as claimed in claim 6, wherein,
After stopping that described gas is sprayed hole supply gas, when there is the overbottom pressure of described gas, in the way of resisting the overbottom pressure of described gas, carry out described compression molding operation.
8. the manufacture method of optical element as claimed in claim 6, wherein,
Described compression molding operation carries out when after the ejection of the described gas spraying hole from described gas stops completely.
9. the manufacture method of a glass preform, it uses have the molding surface put and by fused glass block compression molding thus can obtain the manufacture method of the glass preform of glass preform by the upper die and lower die with being separated close to each other, in described upper die and lower die, at least it is formed with more than 2 gases ejection holes in the molding surface of described counterdie, wherein
The manufacture method of this glass preform comprises following operation:
When spraying gas from the described gas ejection hole of described counterdie, in the molding surface of described counterdie, supply fused glass block, the molding surface of described counterdie makes the operation that described fused glass block suspends and supported;
After molding surface to described counterdie supplies described fused glass block, stop being sprayed by described gas the operation of hole supply gas; With
When stopping described gas is sprayed hole supply gas, make described upper die and lower die close, make described fused glass block contact with the molding surface of described counterdie and carry out the operation of compression molding.
10. the manufacture method of glass preform as claimed in claim 9, wherein,
The operation of described stopping supply gas carrying out before the molding surface of described patrix and the molding surface of described counterdie arrive make-position.
The manufacture method of 11. glass preforms as described in claim 9 or 10, wherein,
Described compression molding operation carries out in make-position.
12. 1 kinds of glass preforms, it is the manufacture method by the glass preform described in the arbitrary item of claim 9 to 11 and manufactures the glass preform obtained, wherein,
Described glass preform has protuberance and recess,
It is less than 20 μm that described protuberance and recess are formed as the difference from the top of described protuberance to the bottom of described recess.
13. glass preforms as claimed in claim 12, wherein,
The mode of the 1st difference that described protuberance and recess are greater than the top-to-bottom of the described protuberance being formed at described glass preform central part according to the 2nd difference of the top-to-bottom of the described protuberance being formed at described glass preform week edge is formed.
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