CN104076229B - Thermal fault detecting system for power transmission transformer - Google Patents
Thermal fault detecting system for power transmission transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104076229B CN104076229B CN201410341276.6A CN201410341276A CN104076229B CN 104076229 B CN104076229 B CN 104076229B CN 201410341276 A CN201410341276 A CN 201410341276A CN 104076229 B CN104076229 B CN 104076229B
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Abstract
The invention provides a thermal fault detecting system for a power transmission transformer. The emphasis is that thermal faults are monitored, the thermal fault detecting system for the power transmission transformer can judge the thermal faults in advance before detection is performed through a three-ratio method,, if the faults are judged to be the thermal faults, gas component detection is carried out in advance, if solid insulating material decomposition is not involved, the three-ratio method continues to be used for detection, and if solid insulating material decomposition is involved in monitoring, a secondary detection and judgment method is selected for detection. In this way, inaccurate or unstable measurement caused by the influence of multiple factors can be avoided to the maximum extent, the detection effect of the three-ratio method is better, and the influence on diagnosis by carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) generated by solid insulation faults is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transmitting transformer superheating detecting system, belong to technical field of electric power transmission.
Background technology
Because transformer oil has excellent radiating and insulating properties, therefore oil-immersed power transformer is in power system
Widely quoted.In normal running, transformer can be in the impact of the various factors such as mechanical stress and heat, electricity
Under slowly aging, and generate some imflammable gas.If transformer has internal Hidden fault, trouble location discharges
Energy can accelerate the cracking of insulating materials, promotes the content of oil dissolved gas and gas production rate to greatly improve.By obtaining
Transformer oil sample, just can obtain the content of each component of oil dissolved gas using the method for gas-chromatography, thus to transformation
The analysis that the health status of device is made assessment or the transformer that there is exception is carried out with failure condition.Therefore, in transformer oil
Dissolved gas analysis have great significance to oil-filled transformer fault diagnosis.Find molten in transformer oil through analysis and summary
The source of solution gas mainly includes three below aspect：The decomposition aerogenesis of insulating oil；The decomposition aerogenesis of solid insulating material；Other
The source of aspect.Transformer oil is extracted by the refining of some chemical technologies on the basis of natural oil and obtains.It is one
Plant mixture, wherein contain various hydrocarbons, mainly have alkane, alkene, cycloalkane and aromatic hydrocarbon etc..Hydrocarbon
Two kinds of elements, as the essential element of insulating oil, account for the 95%-99% of total weight, other be some oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and some
Trace element.
Insulating oil comprises number of types of hydrocarbon, and these compound molecules contain CH, the functional group such as CH2, CH3,
Coupled together by C-H bond and carbon-carbon bond.Some C-H bond and carbon-carbon bond can rupture under the factor such as electric, hot effect, form carbon
Hydroperoxyl radical and unstable hydrogen atom.These free radicals and hydrogen atom can participate in rapidly the chemical reaction of series of complex again
In thus forming new compound, mainly have hydrogen and some low molecular hydrocarbon gases, such as methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6),
Ethene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2) etc..
Solid insulating material mainly has insulating board, insulating paper, and they are all using wood pulp as primary raw material, chemically become
For dividing above, mainly it is grouped into by one-tenth such as cellulose, half fine element and lignin.Wherein cellulose is main component, comprises carbon
The general key of oxygen key, glucose and anhydrous dextrose ring.By understanding the property of these chemical bonds in depth, it can be found that these are chemical
Key is more fragile than C-H bond.Therefore, when transformer occurs some Superheated steam drier and discharge fault, these chemical bonds
It is easy to crack, and then form new material by the chemical reaction of series of complex.
In addition, artificial certain operations are likely to lead to the generation of these gases.Such as：To the equipment breaking down
Thoroughly degassing process could not be carried out to insulating oil after being keeped in repair, so may result in and in insulating oil, also there are some residues
Failure gas；In the case of also having insulating oil in fuel tank transformer is subjected to also result in insulating oil and divides
Solution aerogenesis；May cause to discharge because of the unfixing of current potential when switching on-load tap-changer, lead to switch gear room exhausted
What edge was oily is decomposed to form some failure gas, and these gases penetrate in transformer main fuel tank with the insulating oil of switch gear room.
Transformer fault type can be divided into many kinds, and different mode classifications can obtain Different Results.If according to event
The difference in barrier loop can be divided into circuit, magnetic circuit and oil circuit three types；Development speed according to fault can be divided into hides
Property and sudden two big class；If divided according to nature of trouble, superheating, electrical fault and machinery event can be divided into
Barrier, but mechanical breakdown is generally shown in the form of electrical fault or superheating.Solid insulation fiber and mineral are exhausted
Edge oil is the predominating insulation that current transformer adopts.When transformer occurs internal Hidden fault, insulating materials will
Produce some imflammable gas under the effect such as hot, electric.In the primary stage of fault progression, the gas of generation can be dissolved in transformation
Device oil in, therefore Gases Dissolved in Transformer Oil analysis internal Hidden fault and its development degree are judged extremely effective.?
In transformer fault diagnosis based on oil dissolved gas data, transformer fault type is divided into superheating and electrically
Fault.
Wherein, superheating is often as insulation accelerated deterioration and the pyrolysis that effective local thermal stress causes, and has
Modest energy density level.According to hot(test)-spot temperature scope, superheating can be divided into cryogenic overheating (300 DEG C of t ＜), middle temperature again
Overheated (300 DEG C ＜ t ＜ 700 DEG C) and hyperthermia and superheating (700 DEG C of t ＞) three major types.In practice, come typically by three-ratio method
Judge superheating type.From the point of view of accident analysis reason, have the reason cryogenic overheating：The oil circuit quilt of insulating oil in winding
Block；The magnetic flux gripped by iron in folder is excessive；Transformer exceedes rated load operation；Middle temperature is overheated：Shunting switch switchs
Interior contact surface, or there is loose contact in sleeve pipe lead and cable connection position；There is circulation in some positions of inside transformer,
Grip between folder and core-lamination stack including iron, between ground lead, bad solder joint and iron are gripped between folder.Hyperthermia and superheating：Fuel tank
There is larger circulation and iron core between；Short-circuit conditions occur between transformer core lamination；Being not compensated for by oil tank wall
Magnetic field exceed normal range (NR), lead to the formation of electric current.
And three-ratio method is a kind of method to carry out transformer fault diagnosis for relative ratio according to gas concentration.It according to
The relative ratio of the gas componant content generating in the presence of fault energy according to TRANSFORMER INSULATING MATERIAL and trouble point temperature are deposited
Substantial connection, from five kinds of characteristic gas components choose gas diffusivity and dissolved in insulating oil degree similar two
Plant gas and do ratio.After obtaining the coding of three kinds of ratios, according to the fault type judgement side listed by directive/guide defined table
Method just can easily judge to fault type and possible failure cause.
Certainly, three-ratio method is entering when line transformer superheating judges to there is also obvious weak point, for example
By the analysis of gas production mechanism it is found that when each constituent content of gas and gas production rate all do not have exceeded, transformer station high-voltage side bus shape
State is normal, and three-ratio method diagnosis is invalid, only when gas content is exceeded or gas production rate is exceeded or have enough according to
When according to judging that transformer has fault, three-ratio method diagnosis just would make sense.
Also have when transformer fault is related to solid insulating material decomposition, substantial amounts of carbon dioxide can be generated
(CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), but the three-ratio method recommended of directive/guide does not have with reference to carbon dioxide (CO2) and an oxygen
Change the information of carbon (CO), therefore this causes very big impact for the diagnosis of solid insulation class superheating.
It is therefore to overcome drawbacks described above to become it is necessary to improve to the three-ratio method adopting at present to improve diagnosis electric power
The precision and stability of depressor superheating, avoids occurring erroneous judgement operation or other factors to produce harmful effect simultaneously.
Content of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of transmitting transformer superheating detecting system, its emphasis
Superheating is monitored, this transmitting transformer superheating detecting system can before carrying out three-ratio method detection in advance
Carrying out the judgement of superheating, if being judged as superheating, carrying out the detection of gas component in advance, if being not directed to solid
Insulating materials decomposes, and selects to be continuing with three-ratio method detection, if monitoring is related to solid insulating material and decomposes, then selects this
The secondary detection determining method of application is detected.The measurement producing because of multiple factors impact so can be avoided to the full extent
Inaccurate or unstable so that three-ratio method Detection results are more excellent, it is to avoid due to dioxy produced by solid insulation class fault
Change the impact that carbon (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) cause to diagnosis.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adapts to the impact of different fault types and the source of failure, and superheating is examined
Examining system takes secondary detection determining method and two kinds of detection methods of three-ratio method, and the technological means of employing is：
Scheme 1, a kind of transmitting transformer superheating detecting system, including transmitting transformer ECU unit, holder list
Unit, concentration of component detection module, superheating detection module, electrical fault detection module, three-ratio method coding judge module with
And superheating alarm unit, wherein concentration of component detection module, superheating detection module, electrical fault detection module, three
Ratio method coding judge module is connected with ECU unit, accepts the control instruction of ECU unit and feeds back various letters to ECU unit
Number, memory unit respectively with ECU unit and three-ratio method coding judge module be connected, superheating alarm unit be responsible for by
The superheating early warning signal of ECU unit output carries out outside display processing；
Wherein said concentration of component detection module is capable of the concentration of each gas component of cycle detection, and by each concentration value
Di is compared successively with limiting value Di0 corresponding to this gas component, once the concentration obtaining the detection of this gas component exceeds
Limiting value, then enter the counting operation of linage-counter N, then it represents that there being K group gas component to surpass when counter N equals or exceeds K
Go out limiting value, then carried out starting the failure detection operations of next step；
Described superheating detection module is based on and is detected and draw H2, five kinds of component characteristicses gas of CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2
The group component of body is judging whether superheating, and when being judged as existing superheating, further determines whether to deposit
In solid insulation class fault, when there is solid insulation class fault, superheating is made a concrete analysis of by contrast characteristic's gas flow
Type, when there is not solid insulation class fault, selects to carry out breakdown judge using three-ratio method；
Described transmitting transformer ECU unit is responsible for whole work process being controlled, when needing to carry out three-ratio method fortune
When calculating concrete failure judgement type, start three-ratio method coding judge module.
2nd, the transmitting transformer superheating detecting system according to scheme 1 is it is characterised in that each gas component includes
H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2, total hydrocarbon.
3rd, it is characterised in that under normal circumstances, K can be arranged the transmitting transformer superheating detecting system according to scheme 1
For K≤6, preferably 3.
Through research invention, employ above-mentioned technological means, the single level changing existing transmitting transformer control system is sentenced
Disconnected pattern, improves the accuracy judging transformer fault type using three-ratio method；Optimize the early warning of transformer control system
Fail operation pattern, decreases the probability judging maloperation by accident because a variety of causes leads to it is ensured that exporting the standard of alert status
Really property, the method judging simultaneously also by secondary detection achieves the detection of checking further to fault pre-alarmings at different levels, enhances
The application of early warning system and reliability.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the transmitting transformer structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is transmitting transformer superheating detecting system sketch of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is transmitting transformer superheating detecting system workflow sketch of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a kind of oil immersed type transmitting transformer, this oil immersed type transmitting transformer structural representation
Figure, as shown in figure 1, this transformer includes the transformer shell 1 covering whole transformer, is connected to the insulation on transformer shell 1
The major function part winding coil 4 of fuel tank 2, transformer liner 3, and transmitting transformer and iron core 5, detection means 6 and thermometric
Meter 7 is located at transformer shell 1 top edges, the insulation for carrying out the detection of related control data, in insulation fuel tank 2
Oil 10 and air layer 11.
As shown in Fig. 2 the transmitting transformer superheating detecting system of the present invention includes transmitting transformer ECU unit, storage
Storage unit, concentration of component detection module, superheating detection module, electrical fault detection module, three-ratio method coding judges
Module and superheating alarm unit.Wherein concentration of component detection module, superheating detection module, electrical fault detect mould
Block, three-ratio method coding judge module is connected with ECU unit, accepts the control instruction of ECU unit and feeds back to ECU unit each
Plant signal, memory unit is connected with ECU unit and three-ratio method coding judge module respectively, and superheating alarm unit is responsible for
The superheating early warning signal of ECU unit output is carried out outside display processing.
Transformer can be subject to mechanical stress, temperature, highfield and the various factors such as moisture, oxygen in running
Impact, insulating oil can occur the various chemical reaction such as carbonization, cracking and oxidation in the presence of these factors, generation hydrogen,
Low molecular hydrocarbon compound, greasy filth, some oxides and hydrocarbon polymer (X wax), here it is transformer insulation oil deterioration with
Aging phenomenon.Under normal circumstances, insulating oil only generates some gases minimal amount of, and the content of these gases also would generally keep
Within national regulations value.When transformer occurs internal Hidden fault, the energy of trouble point release can accelerate insulating materials
Decomposition aerogenesis, gas concentration over-limit condition may be led to, therefore transformer can substantially be judged by the concentration of gas
Whether state is normal.It is as shown in the table for regulation gas dissolved in oil of power trans-formers limiting value.
Table Gas in Oil of Transformer concentration of component limiting value (uL/L)
Described concentration of component detection module can each component of each gas of cycle detection (H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2,
Total hydrocarbon) concentration, and by corresponding to each concentration value Di and this gas component limiting value Di0 (D10, D20, D30, D40,
D50, D60) compared successively, once the concentration obtaining the detection of this gas component goes beyond the limit of value, then enter the meter of linage-counter N
Number operation, once counter N equals or exceeds K (under normal circumstances, N, K are integer and can arrange, K≤6, preferably 3), then
Indicate that K group gas component beyond limiting value, then carries out starting the concrete failure detection operations of next step, if being measured
After six groups of concentration, counter is not up to K value, then counter can be at standby mode or clearing waits detection instruction next time to send.On
State detected components type to select according to situation, can be three kinds, four kinds or five kinds etc..
Described superheating detection module, electrical fault detection module can be that the difference in functionality of same module can also be
Different modules, itself primarily to targetedly accurately detecting superheating or electrical fault, thus being different from single
Three-ratio method detection.So avoid when three-ratio method accurately can not detect fail result being continuing with what three-ratio method brought
Error, provides other new failure analysis methods again, and so setting has greatly enriched the range of application of three-ratio method, simultaneously
The perfect function of transmitting transformer control system, can be targetedly when the diagnosis needing to exclusively carry out superheating type
Carry out superheating diagnosis, be not particularly subject to due to carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by solid insulation class fault and an oxidation
The impact that carbon (CO) causes to diagnosis.When carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by solid insulation class fault and carbon monoxide (CO)
When, the secondary detection determining method that the present invention is given is based on lot of experiments data, according to superheating gas happening law and
Solution gas gas type in oil, preferably distinguishes in different superheatings and when there is having of drawing during solid insulation class fault
The Superheated steam drier analysis method of effect, is tested by the detection that the method that secondary detection judges achieves to various superheatings
Card, enhances application and the reliability of superheating detecting system.
Below transmitting transformer superheating detecting system is described in detail：
Specifically, show the transmitting transformer superheating detecting system workflow letter of the present invention as shown in Figure 3
Figure,
Start early warning operating procedure first, setting i value, K value and counter N reset, wherein i=1, and i, K are integer,
K≤6, preferably 3, concentration of component detection module detects each gas component (H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2, total hydrocarbon
Deng six kinds of components) concentration obtain each concentration value Di (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6), judge the dense of each gas component successively
Angle value whether beyond respective limiting value Di0 (D10, D20, D30, D40, D50, D60), once corresponding gas component exceeds
Limiting value, then enter linage-counter N Jia 1 operation, when counter N be more than or equal to K when, that is, go beyond the limit of the gas component quantity of value
During more than K, then launch into detection work；
After entering detection work, detection draws characteristic gas (five kinds of components such as H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2)
(it should be strongly noted that for simplicity, using H2 in Fig. 3, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2, CO, CO2 are dividing for group component
Do not represent each group component, and total hydrocarbon content CnHn represents, A represents the first threshold being used for judging whether superheating
Value, B represents the Second Threshold being used for judging whether solid insulation class fault, and V1, V2, V3, V4 represent correlation experience respectively
Value or setting threshold value), when each group component meets the condition of (CH4+C2H4)/CnHn >=A, then show that now methane and ethene are
, there is superheating possibility in principal character gas, if being unsatisfactory for during the condition of (CH4+C2H4)/CnHn >=A it is possible to deposit
In electrical fault, then start electrical breakdown judge and detection process.Meet the warning that above-mentioned condition can start superheating, point out
Carry out superheating diagnosis.Then, based on whether meeting condition (CO+CO2)/CnHn >=B to judge whether to enter secondary detection
Determining method still enters three-ratio method to carry out fault detect, when meeting condition (CO+CO2)/CnHn >=B, shows now have
Excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by solid insulation class fault and carbon monoxide (CO), now need selection to use two
Secondary detection determining method, if being unsatisfactory for (CO+CO2)/CnHn >=B%, then shows excessive solid insulation class fault,
Three-ratio method then can be continuing with.
The concrete deterministic process of above-mentioned secondary detection determining method is as follows：
1). when meeting V1 ＜ CH4/CnHn ＜ V2 and H2/CnHn ＞ V3, indication transformer there may be cryogenic overheating event
Barrier, when now needing to carry out secondary detection said components content to be determined whether, and needing to postpone t before secondary detection
Between, it is to increase the time span of detection it is ensured that will not be subject to other when detecting that delay certain t time carries out secondary detection again
The impact of factor is to improve precision, if still meeting V1 ＜ CH4/CnHn ＜ V2 and H2/CnHn ＞ V3, now shows to exist low
Warm overheating fault；
2). when meeting V1 ＜ C2H4/CnHn ＜ V2 and H2/CnHn ＞ V4, it is overheated that indication transformer there may be middle temperature
Fault, when now needing to carry out secondary detection said components content to be determined whether, and needing to postpone t before secondary detection
Between, if still meeting V1 ＜ C2H4/CnHn ＜ V2 and H2/CnHn ＞ V4, now show there is middle temperature overheating fault；
3). when meeting V1 ＜ C2H4/CnHn and H2/CnHn ＜ V4, indication transformer there may be hyperthermia and superheating fault,
Now need to carry out secondary detection said components content to be determined whether, and need before secondary detection to postpone the t time, false
As still met V1 ＜ C2H4/CnHn and H2/CnHn ＜ V4, now show there is hyperthermia and superheating fault.
As described above, A, the numerical value selection of B, V1, V2, V3, V4 can be empirical value, and the range of choice of above-mentioned numerical value is permissible
For A=62-83%, B=15-30%, V1=43-55%, V2=70-87%, V3=17-25%, V4=35-44%, need
Illustrate, according to different transformer materials and model it can be deduced that different number range selects, above-mentioned numerical value be
The empirical value being given on the basis of 10KV level D9 series three phase oil immersed type transmitting transformer, is determined by experiment, by the present invention
Transmitting transformer superheating detecting system substantially increase recognition capability for transformer superheating, fault accuracy rate
Compare single three-ratio method and have and largely lifted.
With this simultaneously, after starting three-ratio method coding judge module, five required characteristic gas number of components are extracted
Value carries out corresponding fault type judgement.Do not repeat three-ratio method implements process herein.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, permissible
Understand and can carry out multiple changes, modification, replacement to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention
And modification, meanwhile, the implication such as formula cited by the present invention, symbol (such as sequence mark i, threshold k, counter N etc.) is ability
Accustomed meanings in domain, the scope of the present invention by claims and its is equal to limit.The accompanying drawing being simultaneously given in specification
It is only used as the convenience of specification understanding, any restriction is not carried out to claim, flow chart is also only as the convenience understanding
And the simplification made is processed, do not cause defect of insufficient disclosure etc..
Claims (2)
1. a kind of transmitting transformer superheating detecting system, including transmitting transformer ECU unit, memory unit, component is dense
Degree detection module, superheating detection module, electrical fault detection module, three-ratio method coding judge module and superheating
Alarm unit, wherein concentration of component detection module, superheating detection module, electrical fault detection module, three-ratio method encodes
Judge module is connected with ECU unit, accepts the control instruction of ECU unit and feeds back various signals, holder list to ECU unit
Unit is connected with ECU unit and three-ratio method coding judge module respectively, and superheating alarm unit is responsible for the output of ECU unit
Superheating early warning signal carries out outside display processing；
Wherein said concentration of component detection module is capable of the concentration of each gas component of cycle detection, and by each concentration value Di with
Limiting value Di0 corresponding to this gas component is compared successively, once the concentration obtaining the detection of this gas component goes beyond the limit of
Value, then enter the counting operation of linage-counter N, when counter N equals or exceeds K then it represents that have K group gas component beyond
Limiting value, then carry out starting the concrete failure detection operations of next step；
Described superheating detection module is based on and is detected and draw H2, five kinds of component characteristicses gases of CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2
Group component, to judge whether superheating, is specifically judged as：When each group component meets the bar of (CH4+C2H4)/CnHn >=A
During part, then there is superheating；And when being judged as existing superheating, further determine whether there is the event of solid insulation class
Barrier, is specifically judged as：When meeting condition (CO+CO2)/CnHn >=B simultaneously, show now there is solid insulation class fault；Logical
Crossing contrast characteristic's gas flow making a concrete analysis of superheating type, concrete analysis process is：
1). when meeting V1 ＜ CH4/CnHn ＜ V2 and H2/CnHn ＞ V3, indication transformer there may be cryogenic overheating fault,
Now need to carry out secondary detection said components content to be determined whether, and need before secondary detection to postpone the t time, false
As still met V1 ＜ CH4/CnHn ＜ V2 and H2/CnHn ＞ V3, now show there is cryogenic overheating fault；
2). when meeting V1 ＜ C2H4/CnHn ＜ V2 and H2/CnHn ＞ V4, indication transformer there may be middle temperature overheating fault,
Now need to carry out secondary detection said components content to be determined whether, and need before secondary detection to postpone the t time, false
As still met V1 ＜ C2H4/CnHn ＜ V2 and H2/CnHn ＞ V4, now show there is middle temperature overheating fault；
3). when meeting V1 ＜ C2H4/CnHn and H2/CnHn ＜ V4, indication transformer there may be hyperthermia and superheating fault, now
Need to carry out secondary detection said components content to be determined whether, and need before secondary detection to postpone the t time, if still
So meet V1 ＜ C2H4/CnHn and H2/CnHn ＜ V4, now show there is hyperthermia and superheating fault；
When being unsatisfactory for (CO+CO2)/CnHn >=B, show there is not solid insulation class fault, select to carry out using three-ratio method
Breakdown judge；
Described transmitting transformer ECU unit is responsible for whole work process is controlled, when needing to carry out three-ratio method computing
During concrete failure judgement type, start three-ratio method coding judge module；
Using H2 in above-mentioned formula, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C2H2, CO, CO2 to represent each group component respectively, and total hydrocarbon content is used
CnHn represents, A represents the first threshold being used for judging whether superheating, and B represents and is used for judging whether that solid is exhausted
The Second Threshold of edge class fault, V1, V2, V3, V4 represent correlation experience value or setting threshold value respectively.
2. transmitting transformer superheating detecting system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that K≤6.
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| CN110608767A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-12-24 | 大唐水电科学技术研究院有限公司 | Transformer state evaluation method and device by using reference state analysis |
| CN112880860A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-01 | 国网宁夏电力有限公司培训中心 | Cable overheating fault detection system based on insulation material decomposition gas component analysis |
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