CN1040730C - Conic cylinder hydraulic flanging shaping technique and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses hydraulic forming technology for flanging forming to conical cylinders and a device. The present invention utilizes a blank component, a circular ring plate with the compensation action and a cylinder which is used as a base to manufacture a sealing cavity. A hydraulic pump is used as a powder source, a liquid medium is pressed into the sealing cavity, and the conical cylinder is flanged and formed. Compared with the traditional forming mode, the present invention does not need a large-sized device, an upper mould and a lower mould, and also does not need artificial beating forming. Therefore, the present invention has the advantages of simple technology and device, small device investment and high forming quality, and the cost is reduced by 50 to 80% than that of a conventional stamping and rotary extrusion method. The present invention is especially suitable for conical shell covers of various large-sized containers for forming and processing.

Description

A kind of device with shaped by fluid pressure method processing conical shell

The invention belongs to a kind of pressure forming apparatus of machining, particularly a kind of hydraulic method that adopts carries out the device that flanging is shaped to conical head to conical shell.Be suitable for all kinds of containers, tank body, especially the conical head of tun, tank body carries out the flanging processing and forming.

At present, each production and maintenance department are to tun (comprising pressure vessel), and the cone barrel end socket of tank body carries out processing and forming, generally all adopts the method for punching press (comprising whole punching press and distinguish punching press) and two kinds of machinings of spinning; Under special circumstances, owing to be subjected to restrictions such as equipment, batch also to have employing manually to beat moulding.End socket after the moulding is welded into integral body with the main body of container or tank body again, thereby makes the container or the tank body of band conical head.If what adopt is to differentiate moulding, weld with main part again after must at first the lobe body after the moulding being welded to each other into integral body.In above-mentioned processing method,, not only need large-scale or ultra-large type press device or lathe, but also need at first process the up and down mould identical etc. with the inside and outside shape of profiled member if adopt mechanical-moulded modes such as punching press or spinning.The nominal diameter of end socket is big more, and the difficulty of processing of difficulty of processing of itself and mould is also just big more, and also just high more to the requirement of equipment and power, production cost is also just high more.Therefore, these class methods generally also are not suitable for single-piece and small lot batch manufacture.And adopt and manually to beat moulding, then exist labour intensity big again, disadvantage such as moulding rear curved surface shape difference, production efficiency are low." a kind of method of not having Mould Machining book shell arch form shell is disclosed in patent document CN1038228A, this method is that the moulding process of explosion-proof electric apparatus shell and inspection process merging are carried out, promptly behind the casing welding sequence, directly adopt the pressure that surpasses specified test value several times before the fine finishining,---letting out the technology that---pressure---let out is arch form structure with cavity forming, improves the anti-explosion safety coefficient of housing simultaneously with pressing repeatedly with housing.Though this method has been saved mould and has not been needed any shaped device, and utilize casing itself as annular seal space, adopt shaped by fluid pressure, but only can be to carrying out processing and forming such as chamber type class book shell, small members such as explosion-proof electric apparatus shells, and can not be to defectives such as heavy wall and large-scale component processing and forming.

The objective of the invention is to design a kind of device that adopts shaped by fluid pressure, carry out processing and forming with conical head to container and tank body.This processing method neither needs press device or lathe, and upper and lower mould, does not also need manually to beat.Simplify production technology thereby reach, enlarge the scope of application, the investment of saving equipment and moulds of industrial equipment is enhanced productivity, is reduced production costs and alleviates purpose such as labor strength.

Solution of the present invention is with as mutual fastening connection the between the conically shaped blank of work piece and a round metal ring flat-plate and the metallic cylinder three as pedestal, forming the cross section is leg-of-mutton sealed annular housing, is being provided with the Pressure gauge mounting pipe on the metallic cylinder of cavity and can be loaded on Pressure gauge and liquid medium input pipe on this pipe; Press device then adopts hydraulic pump; Hydraulic pump is connected with cavity by the liquid medium input pipe, thereby constitutes the shaped device of indication of the present invention.And moulding process of the present invention is: making on the basis of shaped device, at first by hydraulic pump liquid medium is being imported in the annular housing, the air in this cavity has been discharged by the Pressure gauge mounting pipe, treating after the water outlet normally of tube head Pressure gauge to be installed; And then pressurize gradually by the required pressure of conically shaped blank deformation.Monitor pressures changes and conically shaped blank distortion situation simultaneously; Add pressure request when reaching, then stop pressurization when the deformation of awl tube blank also reaches standard simultaneously, detect each position curve form, size, qualified after release again, discharge liquid, get (cutting) compacted under blank; After repair upper and lower port to standard-required.Metallic cylinder has been pedestal and stabilization in the present invention, and its cylindrical shell wall thickness generally is not less than 3: 1 with the ratio of conically shaped blank thickness; The round metal ring flat-plate is both as the upper sealing panel of cavity, also play the dimension compensation effect in the conically shaped blank deformation process simultaneously, therefore require the bending strength of this Circular Plate to equate substantially to be advisable with the bending strength of conical shell, according to the material of both materials and the similarities and differences of performance, the thickness of conically shaped generally can be taken as 1: 0.7 with the ratio of Circular Plate thickness～and about 1.2.In the forming process.Control to hydraulic pump institute voltage supply power should be decided at the size of blank nominal dimension, thick book and material.In forming process, if the institute exert pressure reach calculating pressure after, if straight flange is not obvious, excessively circular arc is not up to standard, also can continue pressurization, till when shape meets the requirements fully, different when blank in addition with the material of Circular Plate, when the tensile strength be difficult to guarantee between the two and sealing are tied in the relatively poor or weldering of welding performance, can add an anchor ear on the top of the conically shaped blank of cavity, both prevent the weld seam drawing crack, also can guarantee the diameter precision of big end.The small end of conically shaped blank both can adopt directly and the metal cylinder welding, also can connect with metallic cylinder by mechanical seal modes such as ring flanges; When adopting flangeseal to connect, blank or be directly welded on the ring flange, or adopt bolt to add sealing ring to connect.And connecting of Circular Plate and cylinder both can adopt Mechanical Sealed Type to connect, and also can adopt welding to connect.

The present invention's extrusion forming because the employing hydraulic pump is used as power, and utilize the sealing surface of blank itself as hydraulic cavities, directly bear the pressure of liquid, therefore, tube has been changed moulding process, has reduced the equipment requirement, and for the big more blank of nominal dimension, moulding is easy all the better.Thereby having overcome the conventional mechanical processing method must adopt large-scale or ultra-large type pressing equipment or lathe, the mould consumptive material is many, and manufacture difficulty is big, investment and production cost height, and big more its manufacture difficulty of blank is big more, and is unwell to disadvantages such as single-piece and small lot batch manufacture; And manually beat moulding and have defectives such as labour intensity is big, curve form is poor, and efficient is low again.The present invention not only is suitable for the shortage machine and presses the enterprise of equipment to use, and the professional factory that is suitable for producing container etc. produces usefulness in enormous quantities, and has moulding process and device simply, does not need mould, equipment investment little, blank forming quality height, production cost generally reduces by 50～80% than punching press, spinning method, and easy and simple to handle, labor strength is low, also overcome " no Mould Machining arch form book shell side method " and can not be used to add characteristics such as large-scale heavy section casting.

Accompanying drawing and description of drawings

Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structural representation;

Fig. 2 behind blank forming, gets (cutting) preceding view of blank down;

Fig. 3 is the shape schematic diagram behind the blank forming.

Among the figure: 1, be cylinder, 2, hold-down bolt, 3, sealing gasket, 4, annular flange, 5, the conically shaped blank, 6, anchor ear, 7, Circular Plate, 8, sealing gasket, 9, hold-down ring, 10, the Pressure gauge mounting pipe, 11, Pressure gauge, 12, the liquid medium input pipe.

Embodiment

The big end internal diameter of present embodiment conically shaped blank 5 is  3025mm, the high 410mm of small end internal diameter  2720mm blank (comprising each 30mm of upper and lower end surplus), and wall thickness 6mm, material is 1cr18NiTi; Cylinder 1 adopts ordinary carbon steel, external diameter  3020mm, wall thickness 20mm, high 430mm, the thick 50mm of flange in the bottom seat; Annular flange 4, bottom internal diameter  2740mm, the inner ring surface tapering is identical with the conically shaped tapering, and Circular Plate 7 also adopts ordinary carbon steel, thickness of slab 7mm, external diameter  3014mm, internal diameter  2500mm; Hold-down ring 9, thick 60mm, external diameter  3020mm, internal diameter  2500mm.Present embodiment, Pressure gauge 11, measurement category is 0～10MPa (i.e. 0～100kg/cm ²) hydraulic pump 12, model be YQ 25MPa.Present embodiment is provided with anchor ear 6 on the top of blank 5, and it is that the round bar of  22mm bends and is welded that anchor ear adopts diameter, and inner ring diameter is 3016mm and blank 5, the spot welding connection.During processing unit (plant), small end with conically shaped blank 5 snaps in the annular flange 4 earlier, with bottom and the sealing of flange inner ring surface weldering knot, is inserted in cylinder 1 then, and flange 4 is anchored on the flange seat of cylinder 1 by bolt 2, between flange and flange seat, add sealing ring 3; At the sealing ring 8 that adds suitable for reading of cylinder 1, be inserted in again behind Circular Plate 7, hold-down ring 9 and the fastening bolt Circular Plate and the sealing of blank inwall weldering knot, after this again fastening bolt is tightened; Pressure gauge mounting pipe 10 and liquid medium input pipe 12 by screw thread or be riveted on the cylindrical wall and with inner chamber and communicate, thereby are made the device of band shape annular seal space.Present embodiment is adopted and is used water as pressure medium, at first hydraulic pump and input pipe 12 are connected during moulding, and to the inner chamber water filling, the air in the chamber has been arranged through Pressure gauge mounting pipe 10.After the tube head water outlet is normal Pressure gauge 11 is loaded onto, continued pressurization again.Present embodiment calculates its briquetting pressure by intensity and is about 3.37MPa (also can directly control its input pressure by observing blank deformation), base substrate begins distortion when pressure is added to 2.2MPa, when being added to 3.4MPa, all moulding such as cone flanging shape, transition arc, straight flange is also obvious, meets standard-required after testing.After the release blank 5 of moulding is taken out and blank is cut from annular flange, Circular Plate and anchor ear from cylinder 1 together with annular flange 4 and Circular Plate 7, it is smooth to excise scarfing surplus, finishing at last.

Embodiment two

Present embodiment is that conically shaped blank small end is directly welded on the outer wall of cylinder 1, and the internal diameter of Circular Plate 7 is  2720mm, and outer wall also direct and cylinder 1 welds; Wall thickness cylindrical shells such as cylinder 1, employing, height is not less than 550mm.All the other are all with embodiment one, directly blank are cut off the upper and lower port of finishing to standard-required from cylinder 1 and Circular Plate 7 after the moulding.Cylinder after the use and Circular Plate.Promptly can be used for processing next workpiece after crator cleaned out.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of device with shaped by fluid pressure method processing conical shell comprises press device, is the annular seal space of sealing, pressure-bearing surface with the workpiece; It is characterized in that press device is a hydraulic pump; Annular seal space is an annular sealing surface with processed conically shaped blank then, and with a round metal ring flat-plate and with as the metallic cylinder of pedestal as the sealed annular housing of the triangle of two other sealing surface; Top at the ring packing cavity also is provided with an anchor ear, on metallic cylinder, also be provided with hydralic pressure gauge mounting pipe and liquid medium input pipe, the conically shaped blank is generally 1: 0.7～1.2 with the ratio of Circular Plate thickness, and the ratio of metallic cylinder and conically shaped blank thickness generally is not less than 3: 1; The small end of conically shaped blank both can be directly and the metal cylinder welding, also can connect with metal cylinder by mechanical seal modes such as ring flanges, and big end is then tied with the Circular Plate weldering and sealed; Then adopt Mechanical Sealed Type to connect between Circular Plate and the metallic cylinder or weld, hydraulic pump then is connected on the liquid medium input pipe by force pipe, thereby constitutes device of the present invention.

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