High silt content concrete
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of concrete composition, be specifically related to the concrete that a kind of silt content is high, belong to technical field of concrete.
Background technology
Concrete is modern Application material of construction the most widely, the advantages such as it has abundant raw material, cheap, technique is simple, intensity is high, good endurance.Ready mixed concrete is concrete one, refer to by cement, gather materials, the component such as water and the admixture mixed as required, mineral admixture by a certain percentage stirring station sell after metering, mixing and adopt transport trolley to be transported to the concrete mix of place to use at the appointed time.Because site operation has greater environmental impacts, so ready mixed concrete receives increasing concern.But As time goes on can there is chemical reaction after concrete materials mixing, all can exert an adverse impact to concrete flowability, slump loss, workability etc., therefore ready mixed concrete needs to be transported in required building site in specific time, also has higher requirement to concrete performance simultaneously.
In concrete, the volume gathered materials accounts for more than 60%, and gathering materials is bearing load in concrete, the important composition material resisting erosion and Concrete Structure volume stability, is also cheap filling components.In normal concrete, fine aggregate is the sand grains that nominal diameter is less than 5mm.Research shows, in building operation, to be subject to the impact of sand silt content quality index larger for concrete performance, the fineness of mud is less, hardness is little and easily reunite, along with the increase of silt content, fine aggregate strengthens the demand of water, the consumption also corresponding increasing of water reducer, concrete initial slump step-down, function of slump protection and slump loss are also deteriorated; Earth is reunited or is coated on surface of aggregate, can hinder the bonding of gathering materials with cement, forms structural weak district, reduces concrete strength; The existence of mud also can affect concrete resisting carbonization, reduces concrete weathering resistance; And if walk party reduces the intensity of concrete local, cause potential safety hazard.The sand of usual silt content more than 5% cannot use, and in ready mixed concrete, because will ensure the loss of concrete slump, mobility and workability, therefore the existence of mud is more fatal.
In addition, in the process of building reconstruction, waste and old building removal can produce a large amount of solid waste, if these useless concrete materials or fragment of brick directly abandon not only can cause very large environmental pollution, also can waste many useful resources, if can be re-used, have good economy and environmental benefit.
In order to ensure concrete performance, the admixture adjustment of various different performance can be added, improve concrete performance.Current existing concrete admixture can play reduce mixing water, increase workability, control time of coagulation, early strong, strengthen, durable, dyeing, the effect such as bleed, but admixture is general, and all performance is single, multiple demand can not be met, and also there is no effectively to reduce the admixture that high silt content sand affects concrete performance.By the use of admixture and the optimization of concrete formulation, ready mixed concrete application prospect can be made more wide.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of high silt content concrete, by the sand of high silt content being made to may be used in concrete adding of admixture in this concrete, in concrete, add fraction solids waste replaces concrete composition simultaneously, reduces cost.
In order to reduce the impact of existence on concrete performance of mud, inventors have investigated special admixture, by the effect of admixture, can reduce earth reunion and to the parcel gathered materials, the impact of earth on concrete performance is reduced.Meanwhile, discarded concrete is also re-started utilization by process by the present invention, namely reduces cost, prevents the wasting of resources again.The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of high silt content concrete, it is characterized in that comprising following raw material: cement, sand, rubble, waste calcining material, admixture and water, described waste calcining material obtains through following methods: waste concrete and useless brick are mixed according to the mass ratio of 10:3, broken, grind to form the flour being less than 30mm, for subsequent use; Flour is put into water, and bubble 2-3 days, then takes out oven dry; The flour of oven dry being calcined 4-5h at 1000-1100 DEG C, carries out grinding, sieving, get the calcinate that particle diameter is 0.15-3mm and 5-10mm respectively after cooling, is waste calcining material.
In above-mentioned high silt content concrete, the particle diameter of described sand is 0.075-4.0mm, and the granula of described rubble is 4.75-25mm.
In above-mentioned high silt content concrete, sand used can be the sand that silt content is higher, and when in sand, the content of mud is less than or equal to 10%, gained concrete performance all can meet the demands, best containing mud in sand.
In above-mentioned high silt content concrete, each proportioning raw materials is as follows: cement 300-450kg/m
3, sand 425-460kg/m
3, rubble 900-1000kg/m
3, particle diameter 0.15-3mm waste calcining material 100-150kg/m
3, particle diameter 5-10mm waste calcining material 370-420kg/m
3, admixture is the 5-6% of cement quality, water cement ratio 0.4.
In above-mentioned high silt content concrete, each raw material optimum ratio is as follows: cement 400kg/m
3, sand 435kg/m
3, rubble 930kg/m
3, particle diameter 0.15-3mm waste calcining material 130kg/m
3, particle diameter 5-10mm waste calcining material 390kg/m
3, admixture is the 5-6% of cement quality, water cement ratio 0.4.
In above-mentioned high silt content concrete, described admixture is made up of the raw material of following weight part: poly carboxylic acid series water reducer 40-50 part, cellulose graft chitosan 15-20 part, flue settling 15-20 part, silane coupling agent 5-10 part, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1-5 part, silicon carbide 1-5 part, be preferably made up of the raw material of following weight part: poly carboxylic acid series water reducer 45 parts, cellulose graft chitosan 16 parts, flue settling 16 parts, silane coupling agent 6 parts, polyvinylpyrrolidone 3 parts, 2 parts, silicon carbide.
In above-mentioned high silt content concrete, flue settling in admixture is before use through following pre-treatment: the settling in borosilicate glass flue produced by flame kiln of getting fire, settling is worn into fine powder, put into settling 4 quality water doubly, ultrasonic 30min, then filtration, drying, the flue settling that must handle well.
The preparation method of this admixture is: mixed by proportioning by the raw material except poly carboxylic acid series water reducer, packs for subsequent use, as solids component; Poly carboxylic acid series water reducer is packed separately, as liquid component; During use, solids component and poly carboxylic acid series water reducer are added in concrete according to proportioning.
Concrete preparation method is: by cement, sand, rubble, waste calcining material, admixture and water mixing, after stirring, obtained concrete mix, through casting, jolt ramming, maintenance, obtains concrete.
The admixture that the present invention uses contriver to research and develop voluntarily, adding of this admixture ensure that concrete mobility, decreases the loss of concrete slump, improves concrete workability.In addition, in admixture, the existence of composition can also improve the adsorbed state of earth, reduces silt content to the impact of concrete, water reducer, thus the sand of high silt content be may be used in concrete.Concrete admixture of the present invention is applicable to various high silt content concrete, is also suitable for ready mixed concrete.
In admixture of the present invention, with Mierocrystalline cellulose, grafting is carried out to chitosan, can jointly play the effect of diminishing with polycarboxylate dehydragent, and the group in Mierocrystalline cellulose and chitosan can reduce the impact of earth on polycarboxylate, reduces the consumption of water reducer.
When flue settling in admixture refers to and produces borosilicate glass with flame type of heating, be deposited on the volatile matter in flue.Containing compositions such as sodium-chlor, boron oxide, silicon-dioxide, aluminum oxide in flue settling, through process, removed by a part of sodium-chlor, decrease the corrosive nature of too much sodium-chlor, remaining sodium-chlor, boron oxide, aluminum oxide etc. can play effect that is antifreeze and slow setting.Silicon-dioxide has certain absorption and the effect of dispersion to earth in addition, stops soil bag to be rolled in surface of aggregate and reunion, decreases the consumption of water, add concrete workability and mobility, also mitigates the impact of earth on concrete strength and weathering resistance.
Silane coupling agent in admixture and polyvinylpyrrolidone are organic substance, polyvinylpyrrolidone has certain viscosity, the cohesiveness between each composition can be strengthened, silane coupling agent and water reaction can form network structure, the water-retentivity of Concrete Structure and mobility, ensure the slump loss of ready mixed concrete.
Silicon carbide intensity in admixture is high, good weatherability, can improve concrete intensity and weathering resistance.
The present invention adds part construction waste concrete and useless brick in concrete formulation, through special process, they is replaced part sand and rubble respectively, turns waste into wealth, reduce cost.And by the adjustment of proportioning, concrete performance is not subject to too large impact.
The invention provides a kind of concrete of high silt content, this concrete can use the sand that silt content is high to be raw material, and the concrete high by the introducing silt content of admixture still can meet building requirements.In addition, the present invention also recycles waste concrete and useless brick, turns waste into wealth, reduces cost, has good economy and environmental benefit.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention being further detailed, it is to be understood that following explanation is only to explain the present invention, its content not being limited.If no special instructions, following component is weight part.
In following embodiment, chitosan used is purchased from Jinan Haidebei Marine Organism Engineering Co., Ltd., and Mierocrystalline cellulose used is the lignocellulose of Jinan Yuan Mao Chemical Co., Ltd..
In following embodiment, water reducer used is the FCA-high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid that our company sells, and performance is as follows:
embodiment 1
Concrete admixture formula of the present invention is: poly carboxylic acid series water reducer 45 parts, cellulose graft chitosan 16 parts, pretreated flue settling 16 parts, silane coupling agent 6 parts, polyvinylpyrrolidone 3 parts, 2 parts, silicon carbide.
Preparation method is:
1, get flue settling, settling is worn into fine powder, put into settling 4 quality water doubly, ultrasonic 30min, then filtration, drying, obtain pretreated flue settling, for subsequent use.
2, the preparation of cellulose graft chitosan: Mierocrystalline cellulose is joined in distilled water, dispersed with stirring, logical 30min nitrogen deoxygenation, then potassium persulfate solution is added under nitrogen protection, pre-treatment 2h at 55 DEG C, then the 1wt% acetic acid solution of the chitosan being dissolved with linking agent is added, at 50 DEG C of reaction 4h, after reaction terminates, washing removing water-soluble impurity, then puts into 1wt% acetic acid solution and extracts 24h continuation removing homopolymer by product, and then wash, suction filtration, dry, obtain cellulose graft chitosan; The mass ratio of Mierocrystalline cellulose and chitosan is 2:1, and the concentration of Potassium Persulphate in mixed solution is 1.5mmol/L, and the concentration of linking agent in mixed solution is 0.12ml/100ml, and the concentration of chitosan in mixed solution is 0.5g/100ml.
3, get pretreated flue settling and cellulose graft chitosan, mix with other raw materials except water reducer, package spare, as concrete admixture solids component; Water reducer is packed separately, as concrete admixture liquid component.Solids component and liquid component are used in combination according to proportioning in use, are concrete admixture.
embodiment 2
Concrete admixture formula of the present invention is: poly carboxylic acid series water reducer 40 parts, cellulose graft chitosan 20 parts, pretreated flue settling 15 parts, silane coupling agent 10 parts, polyvinylpyrrolidone 1 part, 5 parts, silicon carbide.Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
embodiment 3
Concrete admixture formula of the present invention is: poly carboxylic acid series water reducer 50 parts, cellulose graft chitosan 15 parts, pretreated flue settling 20 parts, silane coupling agent 5 parts, polyvinylpyrrolidone 5 parts, 1 part, silicon carbide.Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
embodiment 4
Concrete formulation is as follows: the waste calcining material 130kg/m3 of cement 400kg/m3, sand 435kg/m3, rubble 930kg/m3, particle diameter 0.15-3mm, the waste calcining material 390kg/m3 of particle diameter 5-10mm, the admixture of embodiment 1 is 5% of cement quality, water cement ratio 0.4.In sand, silt content is 0%.
Preparation method of concrete is:
1, get building waste concrete and useless brick, mix according to the mass ratio of 10:3, fragmentation, grind to form the flour being less than 30mm, for subsequent use; Flour is put into water, and bubble 2-3 days, then takes out oven dry; The flour of oven dry being calcined 4-5h at 1000-1100 DEG C, carries out grinding, sieving, get the calcinate that particle diameter is 0.15-3mm and 5-10mm respectively after cooling, is waste calcining material.
2, above-mentioned waste calcining material is mixed with cement, sand, rubble, admixture, water, through casting, jolt ramming, maintenance, obtain concrete.
embodiment 5
Concrete formulation and preparation method with embodiment 4, unlike: admixture used is the admixture of embodiment 2.
embodiment 6
Concrete formulation and preparation method with embodiment 4, unlike: admixture used is the admixture of embodiment 3.
embodiment 7
Concrete formulation is as follows: cement 300kg/m
3, sand 425kg/m
3, rubble 900kg/m
3, particle diameter 0.15-3mm waste calcining material 150kg/m
3, particle diameter 5-10mm waste calcining material 370kg/m
3, the admixture of embodiment 1 is 5% of cement quality, water cement ratio 0.4.In sand, silt content is 0%.
Preparation method is with embodiment 4.
embodiment 8
Concrete formulation is as follows: cement 450kg/m
3, sand 460kg/m
3, rubble 1000kg/m
3, particle diameter 0.15-3mm waste calcining material 100kg/m
3, particle diameter 5-10mm waste calcining material 420kg/m
3, the admixture of embodiment 1 is 5% of cement quality, water cement ratio 0.4.In sand, silt content is 0%.
Preparation method is with embodiment 4.
performance test
1, in order to test, with clay to mix with sand be made into respectively silt content be 5% and 10% containing silt particle.By preparing different concrete samples, the concrete improved performance effect that research admixture is high to silt content.
Concrete sample is prepared according to the formula of embodiment 4 and preparation method, unlike: the silt content in each sample sand is different with admixture used.
Gained concrete sample performance is as follows:
As can be seen from the above data, adding of admixture of the present invention makes the concrete of high silt content also have good performance, and the use of admixture of the present invention reduces the impact of earth on concrete performance.
2, the concrete performance of difference testing example 4,7,8 gained, result is as follows:
As can be seen from the above data, the change of each proportioning raw materials of the present invention also has considerable influence to concrete performance.