CN104066919B

CN104066919B - The placement of the gear wheel on PDC drill bit

Info

Publication number: CN104066919B
Application number: CN201280067795.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: Y·张; M·G·阿萨尔
Original assignee: SII MegaDiamond Inc
Current assignee: SII MegaDiamond Inc
Priority date: 2011-11-23
Filing date: 2012-11-20
Publication date: 2016-12-07
Anticipated expiration: 2032-11-20
Also published as: WO2013078161A1; US9016409B2; US20120132471A1; EP2783064A1; CN104066919A; EP2783064A4

Abstract

A kind of cutting tool can include tool body and multiple rotatable cutting element；This tool body has the multiple blades radially extended, the plurality of rotatable cutting element is arranged at least one in the plurality of blade, wherein, the plurality of rotatable cutting element is arranged at least one blade described with the side tilt angle of about 10 degree to about 30 degree or 10 degree to about 30 degree in the nose and/or shoulder regions of cutting tool.

Description

The placement of the gear wheel on PDC drill bit

Technical field

Embodiment disclosed herein relates generally to the cutting element to geo-logical terrain drilling well.More Body ground, embodiment disclosed herein relates generally to have rotatable cutting element mounted thereto Rotary drilling-head.

Background technology

For getting out the drill bit of well generally shape in one of the two big classes of drill bit structure through geo-logical terrain Become.The drill bit of the first type is commonly referred to " gear wheel " drill bit, and it includes drill main body, this drill bit Main body has the one or more gear wheels being rotatably attached to drill main body.Drill main body is generally by steel Or other high-strength material is formed.Gear wheel is also generally formed by steel or other high-strength material, and include It is arranged in the multiple cutting elements at selected location near gear wheel.Cutting element can be by identical with gear wheel Base material formed.These drill bits are commonly referred to " mill teeth " drill bit.Other rifler includes " edge Tooth " cutting element, its pressure (interference) is engaged in the hole formed and/or machining is in gear wheel. Inserted can be by such as tungsten carbide, naturally occurring or synthetic diamond, boron nitride or hard material or superhard material In material one or combination are formed.

The drill bit of the second type is commonly referred to " fixed cutter " or " scraper " drill bit.This brill Head not have an element of movement, and have the drill main body formed by steel or another kind high-strength material and The sickle of drill main body it is attached to (sometimes referred to as cutter elements, cutting element at selected location Or inserted).Such as, sickle can be formed the matrix being made up of carbide (such as, tungsten carbide) or Support column and by that be deposited on matrix or be attached in interface matrix polycrystalline diamond abrasive compact or Superhard cutting surfaces layer that PolycrystaUine Boron Nitride material is made or " table top ".

Fig. 1 a showing, the prior art scraper with the multiple sicklies including superhard working surface bores One example of head.Drill bit 10 includes drill main body 12 and the multiple cuttves being formed on drill main body 12 Sheet 14.Blade 14 is separated, so that drilling fluid can flow also between them by passage or gap 16 Clean and cool down blade 14 and sickle 18.Sickle 18 is with predetermined angle orientation and radial position It is maintained in blade 14, so that working surface 20 has back rake angle in need relative to stratum to be drilled Degree.Typically, working surface 20 is typically normal to axis 19 and the side surface 21 of cylinder sickle 18. Therefore, working surface 20 and side surface 21 converge or intersect to form the cut edge 22 of circumference.

Nozzle 23 is typically formed in drill main body 12 and is positioned in gap 16 so that can be in cutting Fluid is pumped with on selected direction and with selected flow rate discharge drilling fluid between blade 14 For lubricating and cool down drill bit 10, blade 14 and sickle 18.Drilling fluid revolves also with drill bit Turn and penetrate geo-logical terrain and clean and remove drilling cuttings.Gap, location (it is also referred to as " fluid passage "), With thinking that drilling fluid provides extra flow channel and with thinking that formation cuttings provides passage, with warp Cross the drill bit 10 ground (not shown) traveling towards well.

Drill bit 10 includes shank 24 and bizet 26.Shank 24 is typically formed by steel or host material, And include that threaded portion 28 is for being attached to drill string.Bizet 26 has facet 30 and exterior side surfaces 32.Select, for forming the SPECIAL MATERIAL of drill main body to provide enough toughness, to provide good simultaneously Resistance to grinding and corrosion wear resistance.Such as, when using superhard sickle, drill main body 12 can be by powder tungsten carbide (WC) system penetrating into bonding agent alloy within suitable die form Become.In a kind of manufacturing process, bizet 26 includes multiple hole or pit 34, and its size and dimension is fitted In receiving corresponding multiple sicklies 18.

Multiple surfaces 20 of the combination of sickle 18 effectively form the facet of drill bit 10.Once Form bizet 26, then sickle 18 is arranged in pit 34, and solid by any suitable method Fixed, such as, by brazing, bonding agent, mechanical measure (such as, interference engagement mode) etc..Retouch The design stated provides the pit 34 tilted relative to the surface of bizet 26.Pit 34 is inclined by, and makes Obtain sickle 18 to be oriented to make work surface 20 determine with the inclination angle needed in the rotation direction of drill bit 10 To, in order to strengthen cutting.It should be understood that (not shown) in the optional structure of one, each Sickle can be essentially perpendicular to the surface of bizet, and superhard surfaces in sickle main body or post with one Fixed angle is fixed to matrix so that reach the inclination angle needed at working surface.

Fig. 1 b shows a kind of typical sickle 18.This typical sickle 18 has cylinder Hard carbide matrix host 38, it has end face or upper surface 54, is referred to herein as " interface Surface " 54.Ultra hard material layer (incised layer) 44 (such as, polycrystalline diamond or polycrystal cubic nitridation Boron layer) form working surface 20 and cut edge 22.The basal surface 52 of ultra hard material layer 44 is attached to On the upper surface 54 of matrix 38.Basal surface 52 and upper surface 54 will be collectively referred to herein as interface 46. Top, exposed surface or the working surface 20 of incised layer 44 are contrary with basal surface 52.Incised layer 44 allusion quotation There is the smooth or working surface 20 of plane type, but also can have the exposed surface of bending, its Converge with side surface 21 at cut edge 22.

It is, in general, that use tungsten carbide body as matrix 38 for making the technique of sickle 18.Carbon Compound main body is disposed adjacent in superhard material granular layer (such as, diamond or cubic boron nitride particle) And this combination stands high temperature under making the thermodynamically stable pressure of superhard material granule.This causes recrystallization It is formed directly into polycrystalline superhard material layer (such as, polycrystalline diamond or polycrystal cubic boron nitride layer) On the upper surface 54 of hard tungsten carbide matrix 38.

For fixing cutter drill bit superhard working surface 20 a type as described above It is formed with the polycrystalline diamond being positioned on tungsten carbide matrix, commonly referred to polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC), PDC cutter, PDC cutting element or PDC are inserted.Above-mentioned PDC is used to cut The drill bit of device 18 is commonly referred to PDC drill bit.Although sickle or sickle inserted 18 generally use circle The tungsten carbide " base " of cylindricality or matrix 38 are formed, and this base or matrix 38 long enough are using as mounting post 40, but matrix 38 can also be in another interface be attached to another metal mounting post 40 Interbed.

Superhard working surface 20 is formed by polycrystalline diamond abrasive compact, becomes to be attached to matrix at interface 46 The form of the incised layer 44 (being sometimes referred to as " table top ") of 38.The top of superabrasive layer 44 provides worksheet Face 20, and the bottom of superabrasive layer incised layer 44 is fixed to tungsten carbide matrix 38 at interface 46.Matrix 38 or post 40 be brazed or be otherwise combined on the bizet of drill main body 12 selected location (figure 1a).As discussed above with reference to accompanying drawing 1a, PDC cutter 18 typically keeps and is brazed into shape Become in the pit 34 of pre-position in drill main body, in order to receive sickle 18 purpose and Them are made to become certain inclination angle with geo-logical terrain.

The drill bit 10 using conventional PDC cutter 18 is sometimes logical during drilling well in abrasiveness and hard rock Of a sufficiently low rate of depreciation can not be maintained at a temperature of the sickle often met with.These temperature influence drill bits In the life-span of 10, especially when temperature reaches 700-750 DEG C, this causes superabrasive layer 44 or PDC to cut The structure failure of layer.PDC incised layer includes single diamond " crystal ", and it is to interconnect. Individually therefore diamond crystal forms lattice structure.Metallic catalyst (such as cobalt) can be used for promoting The recrystallization of diamond particle and the formation of lattice structure.Therefore, cobalt microgranule is generally at diamond lattice Find within clearance space in structure.Cobalt has dramatically different thermal coefficient of expansion compared with diamond. Therefore, during heating diamond table top, cobalt and diamond lattice will expand with different speed, and this can draw Playing cracking initiation and causes diamond table top to deteriorate in lattice structure.

It has been found by the applicant that during drilling well, a lot of sicklies 18 stand high capacity in incised layer The cracking of superhard material incised layer 44, peeling, tipping and partial rupture occur at region.This district Territory is referred to herein as " key area " 56.Key area 56 includes boring of ultra hard material layer 44 The part of geo-logical terrain is contacted during well.Key area 56 stands from the most normal negative during drilling well The high-amplitude stress carried and the shear-loaded being applied on ultra hard material layer 44.Because sickle is typically Embedding in drag bit with certain inclination angle, therefore key area includes the circumferential edges 22 close to this layer A part and include the part of ultra hard material layer of a part of circumferential edges 22 of this layer, it is boring Contact with geo-logical terrain during well.

High-amplitude stress at key area 56 individually or with other factors (such as, residual heat stress) The crack 58 that can cause the superabrasive layer 44 through sickle 18 together starts growth.Sufficient length Crack can cause the separation of the superhard material of enough bulks so that sickle 18 is invalid or causes sickle 18 faults.When this occurs, it may be necessary to terminate drill-well operation to allow returning of drag bit Receive and the invalid or replacing of inefficacy sickle.Shear stress heavily stressed, special can also result in superabrasive layer 44 delaminations at interface 46.

In some drag bits, PDC cutter 18 is fixed on the surface of drill bit 10 so that general Logical cutting surfaces contacts stratum during drilling well.Time-out and/or when to some hard but must height During the drilling well of abrasiveness lithostratigraphy, the edge 22 of the working surface 20 contacting stratum all the time begins to wear out, Form concentrated wear plane, or the region of disproportionate abrasion with the remainder of cutting element.Due to Drill bit effectively penetrates the reduction of work materials ability and by penetrating that the blunt at the edge of cutting element causes The disappearance of speed, concentrated wear plane may result in longer drilling time.It is to say, the PDC of abrasion Sickle bears surface as the friction producing heat, and it accelerates the abrasion of PDC cutter and slows down The transmission rate of drilling well.Due to conventional PDC cutter can not engage sufficiently and efficiently from Contact area removably layer material, such plane surface effectively stops or seriously reduces stratum The speed of cutting.Additionally, sickle is typically under constant heat load and mechanical load.? Eventually, heat along cutting surfaces accumulation and causes cutting element to rupture.When cutting element ruptures, bore Well operation can suffer from the loss of transmission rate, and when the cutting element of fracture contacts the second cutting element Other cutting element be will also result in excessive wear.

Additionally, determine that another factor in the life-span of PDC cutter is the heat at sickle contact point The generation of amount, particularly in the exposed portion office of PDC layer, this heat is by PCD and work materials Between friction produce.This heat causes the cause thermal damage of crack form to PCD, and this causes polycrystalline diamond The peeling of rock layers, the delamination between polycrystalline diamond and matrix and diamond are to the inverse transform of graphite And cause quick grinding loss.The hot opereating specification of conventional PDC cutter is typically 750 DEG C Or it is less.

A kind of rotatable cutting unit for drag bit is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) No.4553615 Part, it is with the life-span increasing cutting element and allows the abrasion increased and removes drilling cuttings as target.At ｀ 615 Rotatable cutting element disclosed in patent includes having the Buddha's warrior attendant on the carbide supported layer of carbide axle Stone particles agglomerate thin layer, it is pivotably mounted in the hole in drill bit, alternately through ring bush. Owing to significantly increasing load and transmission rate, the cutting element of ｀ 615 patent is likely to several faults One in pattern is damaged.First, the thin layer of diamond is prone to tipping and Fast Wearing.Second, The geometry of cutting element may not resist heavy duty, and this can cause element to break along carbide Split.3rd, the holding capacity of rotatable portion is the most weak and rotatable portion can be caused to come off during drilling well.The Four, prior art does not disclose the position optimization of the rotatable cutting element on drill main body.

Therefore, for cooling can be kept and avoids producing the cutting element of concentrated wear plane, Yi Jina Constantly demand is there is for a little cutting element combinations on drill bit or on other cutting tool.

Summary of the invention

There is provided this summary of the invention for introducing the selection of concept, in this concept description in detail below It is further described below.This summary of the invention is not intended to identify key or necessity of theme required for protection Feature, is not to be intended to as a kind of help for limiting the scope of theme required for protection.

In one aspect, embodiment disclosed herein relates to a kind of cutting tool, and it includes tool body With multiple rotatable cutting elements；This tool body has multiple blades radially extended, the plurality of can Rotating cutting elements is arranged at least one in the plurality of blade, wherein, the plurality of rotatable cuts Cut element to be arranged on this at least one blade with the forward configuration mode that spirals, and the plurality of rotatable cut Cut each in element and there is negative side tilt angle.

In yet another aspect, embodiment disclosed herein relates to a kind of cutting tool, and it includes instrument master Body and multiple rotatable cutting element；This tool body has the multiple blades radially extended, the plurality of Rotatable cutting element is arranged at least one in the plurality of blade, wherein, the plurality of rotatable Cutting element is arranged on this at least one blade with inverted plate rotation configuration mode, and the plurality of rotatable Each in cutting element has positive side tilt angle.

In yet another aspect, embodiment disclosed herein relates to a kind of cutting tool, and it includes instrument master Body and multiple rotatable cutting element；This tool body has the multiple blades radially extended, the plurality of Rotatable cutting element is arranged at least one in the plurality of blade, wherein, the plurality of rotatable Cutting element is cutting with the side tilt angle of about 10 degree to about 30 degree or-10 degree to about-30 degree The nose of instrument and/or shoulder regions are arranged at least one blade described.

By description below and appended claims, other aspects and advantages of the present invention will be Obviously.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Figure 1A shows the perspective view of the fixed cutter drill bit of routine.

Figure 1B shows the perspective view of the PDC cutter of routine.

Fig. 2 A-2B shows the schematic diagram of the cutting element according to one embodiment as disclosed herein.

Fig. 3 A-3B shows the schematic diagram of the cutting element according to one embodiment as disclosed herein.

Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of the cutting element according to one embodiment as disclosed herein.

Fig. 5 shows the signal of the cutting element on blade according to one embodiment as disclosed herein Figure.

Fig. 6 shows that the drill bit type according to one embodiment as disclosed herein is wide.

Fig. 7 A-7C show the cutting element assembly according to embodiment disclosed herein zoomed-in view and Sectional view.

Fig. 8 shows the generation process of the abrasive plane in the cutting element of routine.

Fig. 9 A-9B shows the profile of the drill bit according to embodiment disclosed herein.

Figure 10 shows the rotation profile of the drill bit according to embodiment disclosed herein.

Figure 11 shows that the drill bit type according to one embodiment as disclosed herein is wide.

Figure 12 A-12D shows the phase of the side tilt angle of drill bit type exterior feature and the cutting element on this drill bit Answer curve chart.

Figure 13 shows the partial sectional view of drag bit, only illustrate rotate in single section can Rotating cutting elements.

Detailed description of the invention

In one aspect, embodiment disclosed herein is directed to use with the drill bit design of rotatable cutting structure. Specifically, embodiment disclosed herein relate to by by rotatable cutting element with the particularly side of layout Formula is placed on drill bit the life-span improving drill bit.

Generally, rotatable cutting element described herein (also referred to as gear wheel) allows this cutting element At least one surface or part rotate along with this cutting element contact stratum.When cutting element contiguously During layer, cutting action can allow a part for cutting element around the cutting extending through this cutting element Element axis and rotate.The rotation of a part for cutting structure can allow cutting surfaces to use cutting surfaces Whole outward flange carry out cuts formation rather than such as viewed outward flange in conventional cutting element Same sector.Discussion below describes the various embodiments of rotatable cutting element；But these public affairs Open and be not limited to this.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that any cutting element that can rotate all can be with brill Other cutting tool of head or the disclosure is used together.

The rotation of internal rotatable cutting element can be by the friction between sidepiece cutting force and supporting surface Power controls.If sidepiece cutting force produces the moment of torsion that can overcome the moment of torsion from frictional force, rotatable Part will have rotary motion.Sidepiece cutting force can be by sickle angle of heel, back rake angle and geometric form The impact of shape (including working surface pattern disclosed herein).Additionally, sidepiece cutting force can be cut Cut the Surface Finishing on the surface of members, the frictional behavior on stratum and drilling parameter (such as to cut The degree of depth cut) impact.The frictional force of supporting surface can be invaded by such as Surface Finishing, mud The impact entered etc..May select rotatable cutter disclosed herein is designed to ensure that sidepiece cutting force Overcome frictional force to allow rotatable portion to rotate.The various design considerations of the disclosure and gear wheel Exemplary cut device be described below.

The placement of gear wheel

According to embodiment of the disclosure, drill bit design consideration can include gear wheel placement on drill bit Mode.First the placement design of the gear wheel on drill bit comprises the steps that, it was predicted that the conventional sickle on drill bit (fixed cutter) weares and teares the position of most frequent or quick generation.Such as, fixed cutter abrasion can Use engineering and design software (such as I-DEAS, " Integrated Design and Engineering Analysis Software " or CAD software) predict.This engineering and design software can be additionally used in The various modes of emplacements using gear wheel optimize drill bit steady dynamic mechanical characteristic.Fixed cutter abrasion is also Can be predicted by the abrasive plane size on observation and/or measure analog drill bit.Especially, when often having Rule fixed cutter bit contact and cutting texture stratum time, the cutting surfaces of fixed cutter and Can wear and tear and form abrasive plane in cut edge.Fig. 8 shows the abrasion in fixed cutter 2300 The example that plane 2305 produces.

Once predict fixed cutter abrasion, can set according to the position that fixed cutter abrasion occurs Determine the placement standard of gear wheel.Such as, according to embodiment of the disclosure, gear wheel is placed design and can be included using The fixed cutter with maximum abrasion replaced by gear wheel.In one embodiment, design placed by gear wheel The half replacing the total quantity of the fixed cutter of experience maximum abrasion with gear wheel can be included.Further Ground, in other embodiments, design placed by gear wheel can include only using in the particular blade of drill bit gear wheel Replace fixed cutter.

According to embodiment of the disclosure, gear wheel can be set and place design standard so that the gear wheel on drill bit Have with fixed cutter and set configuration mode more.There is the drill bit setting configuration mode more have relatively It is in the more than one cutting element at least one radial position in drill axis.In other words, At least one cutting element includes relative at the radial position that drill axis is disposed in approximately the same " standby (back up) " cutting element.Such as, with reference to Fig. 9 A and 9B, it is shown that have multiple The positive side view of the drill bit 2400 of cutting blade 2410, wherein, drill bit rotates along direction R.Operator Sheet 2410a from substantially adjacent to drill bit longitudinal axis A towards drill bit peripheral radial extend.From blade 2410b does not extend from substantially adjacent to drill axis A, but from away from drill axis A mono-spacing From position radially extend.Cutting element 2420,2430 is positioned at the leading side of blade 2410, its In, the leading side of blade 2410 is to bit direction R, and the rear caudal of blade is towards contrary side To.Further, as shown, in many setting configuration modes, cutting element 2420 follows cutting unit Part 2430, i.e. cutting element 2420 relative to drill axis A at about the same radial position There is provided standby for cutting element 2430.Cutting element 2420 or cutting element 2430, or cutting unit Part 2420 and cutting element 2430 can be gear wheels.In a particular embodiments, there is set more to cut The drill bit of cutter configuration mode can have: tail or standby cutting element after at least one, it is rotatable (gear wheel)；And at least one leading or main cutting element, it is fixed cutter.At another In embodiment, having the drill bit setting configuration mode can have more: at least one fixed cutter formula Rear tail cutting element and the leading cutting element of at least one cutter.Advantageously, had by use Many settings configuration mode of at least one gear wheel, cutting structure can be the most reliability and durability.

Further, drill bit can have setting up of cutting element and determine configuration mode, wherein, sets up and surely joins Each cutting element put in mode is respectively positioned at unique radial position of drill bit.Determine having to set up In the embodiment of configuration mode, multiple gear wheels can be placed in the various unique radial direction relative to drill axis Position.Such as, multiple gear wheels can have forward and spiral or reversely spiral to set up and determine configuration mode, its In, gear wheel is placed in the region of experience abrasion.As it is used herein, forward spirals, layout refers to Such a sickle modes of emplacement: distance center line of bit has the sickle of incremental radial distance It is distributed placement in a clockwise direction, and layout of reversely spiraling refers to such a sickle modes of emplacement: Distance center line of bit has the sickle of incremental radial distance and is distributed placement in a counterclockwise direction.? In some embodiments, sickle can spiral placement with forward, and wherein, rotatable cutter is at least placed Nose and/or shoulder regions are rotatable；Or be placed in a particular embodiments nose, In shoulder and rule region, footpath；And be placed in more particularly embodiment cone (cone), nose, In shoulder and rule region, footpath.In certain embodiments, sickle can reversely spiral placement, wherein, It is rotatable that rotatable cutter is at least placed in nose and/or shoulder regions；Or particularly Embodiment is placed in nose, shoulder and rule region, footpath；And put in more particularly embodiment Put in cone, nose, shoulder and rule region, footpath.

Additionally, leading and rear tail cutting element can be placed on single blade.But, as made at this , term " standby cutting element " is followed same for description when drill bit rotates along cut direction The cutting element of other cutting element any on blade.Further, as it is used herein, art Language " main cutting element " is for describing the cutting element being arranged on the preceding limb of blade.In other words Saying, when drill bit rotates along cut direction around its central longitudinal axis, " main cutting element " does not follows Other cutting element any on identical blade.Suitably, each main cutting element is with optional Standby cutting element can have any suitably sized and geometry.Main cutting element and standby cutting Element can have any suitable position and orientation and can be gear wheel or fixed cutter.At one In exemplary embodiment, standby cutting element can be located at the footpath that the main cutting element followed with it is identical To position, or standby cutting element can deviate the main cutting element that it is followed, maybe can use this two The combination of person.

Especially, each blade in bit face (such as, main blade and from blade) provides sickle to prop up Support surface, cutting element is installed to this sickle stayed surface.Main cutting element may be arranged at blade On sickle stayed surface, one or more in main blade also can have the sickle being arranged in drill bit Standby cutting element on stayed surface.In one exemplary embodiment, standby cutting element can set Put on the one or more sickle stayed surface in the drill bit main blade in conical zone.Not With exemplary embodiment in, it is any that standby cutting element may be provided in shoulder and/or rule region, footpath One or more from the sickle stayed surface of blade.In another exemplary embodiment, standby Cutting element may be provided at the sickle stayed surface of any one or more main blades in rule region, footpath On.In another exemplary embodiment, lead and/or can have from blade being arranged in sickle support table At least two standby cutting elements of row on face.

Main cutting element generally can be placed with first row in close proximity to one anotherly, and described first row is radially along brill Head each main blade and along drill bit each from blade extend.Further, standby cutting Element generally can be placed with second row in close proximity to one anotherly, and described second row is radially along in shoulder regions Each main blade extends.Suitably, standby cutting element forms second row, and this second row can be along Each main blade in shoulder regions, conical zone and/or rule region, footpath extends.Standby cutting element After can be placed in the main cutting element on identical main blade, wherein, standby cutting element is followed identical Main cutting element on main blade.

Generally, main cutting element and standby cutting element need not in a row be placed, but can close with other Suitable arrangement is installed, as long as each cutting element is in leading position (such as, main cutting unit Part) or rear tail position (such as, standby cutting element) in.The example of suitably-arranged mode can include But be not limited to: in a row, array way or the pattern of rule, randomness, sinusoid pattern or they Combination.Further, in other embodiments, the cutting element of additional row may be provided in main blade, From blade or combinations thereof.

In some embodiments of the disclosure, gear wheel can be set and place design rule so that gear wheel is arranged In the region of drill bit experience greatest wear.Such as, gear wheel can be placed in the shoulder regions of drill bit. With reference to Figure 10, it is shown that the type exterior feature 39 of drill bit 10, figure shows all blades and all cutting elements (including main cutting element and standby cutting element) is all rotated in single rotation section.Blade type Wide 39 (shown in the right-hand parts of drill bit 10 the most in Fig. 10) can generally fall into three districts Territory: conical zone 24, shoulder regions 25 and the rule region, footpath 26 of conventional mark.Conical zone 24 Radially innermost extent (such as, conical zone 24 is the region, bosom of drill bit 10) including drill bit 10 The composite cutter flap-type exterior feature 39 of shoulder regions 25 is substantially extended to from drill axis 11.As shown in Figure 10, In most of fixed cutter drill bit, conical zone 24 is typically concavity.Close on conical zone 24 Be shoulder (or the curve bent upward) region 25.Therefore, the composite cutter flap-type of drill bit 10 is wide 39 include a concave regions (conical zone 24) and a convex region (shoulder regions 25).? In most of fixed cutter drill bit, shoulder regions 25 is typically convex.It is moved radially outward and closes on Shoulder regions 25 is rule region, footpath 26, and rule region, described footpath 26 is in the outside of composite cutter flap-type exterior feature 39 It is parallel to drill axis 11 at radial periphery 23 extend.Outer radius 23 extends to and therefore limits brill Total footpath rule diameter of 10.Conical zone 24 is by the footpath measured from central axis 11 along x-axis Limit to distance.Should be understood that x-axis is perpendicular to central axis 11 and from central axis 11 radial direction Stretch out.Conical zone 24 can be limited by the percentage ratio of the outer radius 23 of drill bit 10.Respectively Between drill bit, the real radius of the conical zone 24 measured from central axis 11 according to many factors can not With, described many factors include but not limited to bit geometry, bite type, one or more from The position of blade, the position of standby cutting element 50 or combinations thereof.Convex shoulder regions 25 He The axial minimum point of composite cutter flap-type exterior feature 39 limits blade type exterior feature nose 27.At blade type exterior feature nose 27 Place, the slope of positive tangent 27a to convex shoulder regions 25 and composite cutter flap-type exterior feature 39 is 0.Therefore, As it is used herein, term " blade type exterior feature nose " refers in rotating cross section view along drill bit The point in the wide convex region of composite cutter flap-type, arrive positive tangent oblique of composite cutter flap-type exterior feature at this point Rate is 0.For most of fixed cutter drill bit (such as, drill bit 10), composite cutter flap-type exterior feature includes Only one convex shoulder regions (such as, convex shoulder regions 25), and only one blade type exterior feature nose (example As, nose 27).Advantageously, by gear wheel being placed on (example in the region of drill bit experience greatest wear As at the shoulder regions 26 of drill bit), the rate of depreciation of drill bit can be improved.

Further, in one particular embodiment, drill bit can have to set up and determines configuration mode and put The cutting element put, during wherein gear wheel is placed on the region of drill bit experience greatest wear.Real at another Executing in example, drill bit can have with the cutting elements setting configuration mode placement more, wherein, and at least one Gear wheel is placed in the region of drill bit experience greatest wear.

The position of gear wheel

The drill bit design consideration of the disclosure can farther include the location of gear wheel on drill bit.On drill bit The Position Design of the gear wheel back rake angle (that is, vertical orientations) that can include such as adjusting cutting element and Angle of heel (that is, lateral orientation), or adjust the extended height of cutting element.

With reference to Figure 11, it is shown that the cutting structural type according to the drill bit of an embodiment is wide.As real at this Executing shown in example, the sickle 2600 being placed on blade 2602 can have angle of heel or back rake angle. Angle of heel is defined as the angle between the sagittal plane (x-z-plane) of facet 2605 and drill bit.When Along z-axis line observe time, negative angle of heel is derived from the rotation counterclockwise of sickle 2600, positive inclination Angle is derived from and turns clockwise.Back rake angle is defined as the facet 2605 of sickle 2600 and is parallel to bore The angle wrapped between the straight line of the longitudinal axis 2607 of head.In one embodiment, sickle can have The angle of heel having from 0 to ± 45 degree, such as 5 to ± 35 degree, 10 to ± 35 degree or 15 to ± 30 Degree.In one particular embodiment, the direction (plus or minus) of angle of heel can be distributed based on sickle And select, i.e. sickle be with forward spiral configuration mode or with inverted plate rotation configuration mode arrange. Such as, in an embodiment, if sickle is with layout of reversely spiraling, then can particularly desirable positive inclination Angle.If on the contrary, sickle spirals layout with forward, can particularly desirable negative side tilt angle.

In certain embodiments, each gear wheel being arranged in the nose of drill bit and/or shoulder regions can Have from 10 to 30 degree or the angle of heel of-10 to-30 degree.In other embodiments, it is arranged in brill Head nose and/or shoulder regions in each gear wheel can have from 20 to 30 degree or-20 to--30 The angle of heel of degree scope.In certain embodiments, at the radial outside of shoulder (that is, in rule region, footpath In) gear wheel can from 5 to 35 degree or-5 to-35 degree.In more particularly embodiment, advise in footpath Gear wheel in region can>5 degree,>10 degree,>15 degree,>20 degree,>25 degree,>30 degree and/or<10 Degree, < 15 degree, < 20 degree, < 25 degree, < 30 degree, < 35 degree, wherein, any of the above described angle is permissible It is positive or negative, and any upper limit can be used together with any lower limit.Further, real at some Executing in example, sickle can be placed in the conical zone of drill bit, and it can have the angle of heel less than 20 degree, Or from 10 to 15 degree in more particularly embodiment.In various embodiments, cutting in conical zone If cutter can attachment maybe can roll, but fixing or rolling, can have above-mentioned angle of heel scope. Being specifically understood that, any side tilt angle in any region can be used alone or any with other region Other range combinations uses.

In another embodiment, sickle can have the back rake angle from about 5 to 35 degree.One In individual special embodiment, the hypsokinesis angle of gear wheel can > 5 degree, > 10 degree, > 15 degree, > 20 degree, >25 degree,>30 degree and/or<10 degree,<15 degree,<20 degree,<25 degree,<30 degree,<35 degree, Wherein, any upper limit can be used together with any lower limit.Above-mentioned hypsokinesis angle can be used for any of drill bit Gear wheel in cone, nose, shoulder or rule region, footpath, but in a particular embodiments, 10 degree with The hypsokinesis of (or in more particularly embodiment, spending for 15 degree to 35 degree or 20 to 30) between 35 degree Angle can be appropriate to the sickle in the nose of drill bit and/or shoulder regions especially.Sickle can be selected Back rake angle is placed on blade, to assist remove drilling cuttings and increase transmission rate.There is the cloth of angle of heel Put the sickle on drill bit radially to be ordered about forward with tangential direction when bit.One In a little embodiments, because radial direction can assist the movement of rotatable cutting element, the most above-mentioned rotation Turn and can allow to remove more drilling cuttings, and the transmission rate improved is provided.Those of ordinary skill in the art It is appreciated that the cutting element of the disclosure can use any back rake angle and angle of heel combination, to strengthen Rotatory and/or improvement drilling efficiency.

When gear wheel contact stratum, the rotary motion of cutting element can be continuous or discontinuous. Such as, when cutting element is installed with the angle of heel determined and back rake angle, cutting force can be pointed generally in one Individual direction.The cutting force providing orientation can allow cutting element to have continuous print rotary motion, and this enters one Step improves drilling efficiency.

According to the disclosure, multiple rotatable cutting elements utilize two or more side tilt angle to be arranged in brill On head main body, the most three or more side tilt angle.In one or more embodiments, two or more Multiple side tilt angle alterable at least 1 are spent, for example, at least 2 degree (that is, max. roll and minimum side Difference between inclination angle) or at least 5 degree.In one or more embodiments, that radially closes on revolves Turn cutting element side tilt angle can from 1 to 45 degree change, such as from 1 degree to 15 degree, from 1 degree To 10 degree or from 1 degree to 5 degree.In one or more embodiments, that radially closes on rotatable cuts The side tilt angle alterable at least 2 cutting element is spent, for example, at least 3 degree.In one or more embodiments In, the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element radially closed on can be from 2 degree to 10 degree or from 2 to 5 degree Change.

Figure 12 A-12D shows and is positioned at the example of gear wheel 1,2,3,4 and 5 on drill tip 2702 And the response curve figure of the side tilt angle of each gear wheel.As shown in Figure 12B, each gear wheel 1, the side tilt angle of 2,3,4,5 along with gear wheel distance drill axis 2707 is farther and monotone increasing. Advantageously, the angle of heel of gear wheel is increased monotonously by the radial distance relative to distance drill axis Degree, can have faster rotary speed apart from the gear wheel that axis is farther, therefore be benefited from rotary motion More.In one or more embodiments, the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element radially closed on can From 1 to 45 degree within monotone increasing, such as from degree 1 to 15 degree, from 1 degree to 10 degree or from 1 degree to 5 degree.In other embodiments, the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element radially closed on can be Monotone increasing within other angle variables, is greater than 45 degree.In one or more embodiments, footpath Can spend by monotone increasing at least 2 to the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element closed on, for example, at least 3 degree. In one or more embodiments, the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element radially closed on can be from 2 Spend to 10 degree or in the range of 2 degree to 5 degree monotone increasing.

In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 12 C, the inclination of gear wheel 1,2,3,4,5 Angle can be along with sickle the distance farther and dull reduction of drill axis.Advantageously, by relative to away from The side tilt angle of the little gear wheel of monotone decreasing from the radial distance of drill axis, this can realize on gear wheel relatively Equal rotary speed, and the element around sickle is maintained the abrasion of approximation.One or more In embodiment, the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element radially closed on can be from the model of 45 degree to 1 degree Enclose interior dull reduce, such as from 15 degree to 1 degree, from 10 degree to 1 degree or from 1 degree to 5 degree.? In other embodiments, the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element radially closed on can be at other angular range In, be greater than 45 degree and reduce monotonously.In one or more embodiments, that radially closes on revolves The side tilt angle turning cutting element dullness can be reduced at least 2 degree, for example, at least 3 degree.At one or many In individual embodiment, the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element radially closed on can from 2 degree to 10 degree or Dull reduction in the range of 2 degree to 5 degree.

In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 12 D, the side tilt angle of gear wheel may conform to blade Wear patterns on cutting-type exterior feature.Such as, along with the cutting in some region being placed on drill tip The rate of cutting of element increases, and the side tilt angle of cutting element can increase.Equally, along with drill tip Some region in cutting element experience wear extent reduce, the side tilt angle of those cutting elements can Reduce.In one or more embodiments, the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element radially closed on can In the range of 45 degree to 1 degree change, such as from 15 degree to 1 degree, from 10 degree to 1 degree or from 1 degree to 5 degree.In other embodiments, the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element radially closed on can be Change in the range of other angle variables, be greater than 45 degree.In one or more embodiments, radially Side tilt angle alterable at least 2 degree of the rotatable cutting element closed on, for example, at least 3 degree.One In individual or multiple embodiment, the side tilt angle of the rotatable cutting element radially closed on can be from 2 degree to 10 Degree or change in the range of 2 degree to 5 degree.

The drill bit of the gear wheel with multiple disclosure can include at least 2 gear wheels, for example, at least 3, At least 4, at least 9 or at least 12 gear wheels, wherein, any remaining cutting element is conventional Fixing cutting element.In one or more embodiments, two or more main blades can include one Or multiple gear wheel, such as each main blade can include one or more gear wheel.One or more attached Add in embodiment, one or more may also comprise one or more gear wheel from blade, such as each from Blade can include one or more gear wheel.In one or more embodiments, all of cutting element is equal Can be rotatable.

Figure 13 illustrates that the sample portion of drag bit rotates section, demonstrates all blades and only tooth Wheel rotates to (fixing cutting element is excluded) in single rotation section.As shown in figure 13, gear wheel 85a-85f each of which is positioned at unique radial position of nose 27 and shoulder regions 25.Gear wheel 85a has the side tilt angle of 20 degree and the hypsokinesis angle of 24 degree.Gear wheel 85b has the inclination of 25 degree Angle and the hypsokinesis angle of 24 degree.Gear wheel 85c has the side tilt angle of 25 degree and the back rake angle of 24 degree Degree.Gear wheel 85d has the side tilt angle of 22 degree and the hypsokinesis angle of 24 degree.Gear wheel 85e has 25 The side tilt angle of degree and the hypsokinesis angle of 25 degree.Gear wheel 85f has the side tilt angle of 22 degree and 25 degree Hypsokinesis angle.

In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, different types of gear wheel can be used for providing the design increased freely. Such as, not having chlamydate gear wheel can occupy less space on the cutting tool of down-hole, does not therefore have The more gear wheel of shell can be placed on cutting tool, and it can provide the diamond cut density of increase. Further, use does not has chlamydate gear wheel that more space can be provided on cutting tool for higher Side tilt angle.Such as, do not have chlamydate gear wheel can be placed on cutting tool, wherein, gear wheel Each has the side tilt angle of scope between 0 degree and 40 degree.

In one or more embodiments, one or more first gear wheels can the first side tilt angle be installed On one or more main blades, one or more second gear wheels the second side tilt angle can be arranged on one Individual or multiple from blade, wherein, the second side tilt angle differs at least 2 degree with the first side tilt angle. In one or more embodiments, the 3rd gear wheel may be installed on another main blade, and it has and one The side tilt angle that individual or multiple first gear wheel is different.In one or more embodiments, the 4th gear wheel can Be arranged on another from blade, it has the side tilt angle different from one or more second gear wheels. In one or more embodiments, first, second, third and fourth gear wheel is identical gear wheel, it There is different side tilt angle and optionally there is different hypsokinesis angles.Alternatively, one or many Individual first, second, third and the 4th gear wheel can use the gear wheel device that two or more are different.

In an alternate embodiment of the invention, cutting element may be arranged in cutting tool, and this cutting tool does not wraps Containing back rake angle and/or angle of heel.When cutting element is arranged with angle of heel and/or the back rake angle of generally 0 degree Time on drill bit, cutting force the most random rather than point to a common direction.This random force can Cutting element is caused to have discontinuous rotary motion.Generally, above-mentioned discontinuous motion can not provide The most efficient drilling condition, but, in a particular embodiment, it may be beneficial to inserted substantially in allowing Upper whole cutting surfaces contacts stratum in a relatively uniform manner.In the above-described embodiments, in optionally The rotatable cutting element in portion and/or cutting surfaces design can be used for developing rotatable cutting element further Benefit.

According to some embodiments, cutting element facet (that is, the upper surface of the cutting bed of cutting element) Extended height alterable.In one exemplary embodiment, the facet of main cutting element is than standby With the facet of cutting element, there is bigger extended height (that is, the main cutting element ratio " on type exterior feature " Standby cutting element engages the stratum of the bigger degree of depth；Standby cutting element is positioned at " type exterior feature is outer ").Such as this Literary composition is used, and term " type exterior feature is outer " can be used for referring to from sickle stayed surface (such as, cutting unit Part, depth of cut limiter etc.) structure that extends, it has less than being defined to the most circumscribed of ledger-plate Cut the extended height of the extended height of wide other cutting elements one or more of type.As used herein , term " extended height " for describe facet from the sickle stayed surface of blade extend away from From, described facet is attached to described sickle stayed surface.In some exemplary embodiments, one Individual or multiple standby facets can have identical with one or more main facets or ratio is one or more The extended height that main facet is bigger.Above-mentioned variable can affect the character of BHA, particularly drill bit, should Character can affect layout or the location of different types of cutting element.Such as, the cutting unit " on type exterior feature " Part can experience than " type exterior feature is outer " the more substantial abrasion of cutting element and load.Additionally, main cutting element Abrasion more more substantial than standby cutting element and load can be experienced.

The exemplary embodiment of gear wheel

The gear wheel of the disclosure can include the gear wheel of all kinds and size.Such as, gear wheel can be by size shape Become, include but not limited to 9mm, 13mm, 16mm and 19mm.Further, gear wheel can wrap Those gear wheels kept within including outer member element, those teeth kept by maintaining body or stopper Wheel or the two combination.The example of available gear wheel in the disclosure can be at least in U.S. Publication No. 2007/0278017 and U.S. Provisional Application No.61/351, find in 035, they at this with the shape of reference Formula is quoted.The exemplary embodiment of gear wheel is also described below；But, can make together with the disclosure The type of rotatable cutting element unlike being limited to those described below.

With reference to Fig. 2 A-2B, it is shown that according to the cutting element of an embodiment of the disclosure.Such as this reality Executing shown in example, cutting element 200 includes internal rotatable (dynamically) cutting element 210, its portion Divide and be externally arranged in support (static) element 220 and therefore by external support (static) element 220 Part around.Outer member element 220 includes bottom 222 and sidepiece 224.It is partially disposed on by bottom 222 with sidepiece 224 limit cavity within the rotatable cutting element in inside 210 include being arranged in matrix Facet 212 part on the upper surface of 214.Although additionally, the outer member element shown in Fig. 2 Bottom 222 and the sidepiece 224 of 220 are overall, but it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that basis The geometry of cutting element component, bottom and sidepiece can also be that two separation members are combined in alternatively Together.In another embodiment, outer member element 220 can be by two separation members at perpendicular Upper (such as, relative to cutting element axis) combines and is formed, with rotatable around inside Cutting element 210 at least some of.

In various embodiments, the facet of internal rotatable cutting element can include superabrasive layer, and this surpasses Hard formation comprises the steps that polycrystalline diamond table top, thermally-stabilised diamond layer (i.e. have higher than conventional polycrystalline gold The heat stability of hard rock, 750 DEG C) or other superabrasive layer such as cbn layer.

As it is known in the art, heat stability diamond may be formed in various ways.Typical polycrystalline Diamond layer includes single diamond " crystal ", and they are to interconnect.Individually diamond is brilliant Therefore body forms lattice structure.Metallic catalyst (such as cobalt) can be used for promoting diamond particle again Crystallization and the formation of lattice structure.Therefore, cobalt microgranule typically in diamond lattice structure in gap Find in space.Cobalt has thermal coefficient of expansion dramatically different compared with diamond.Therefore, heating gold During hard rock table top, cobalt and diamond lattice will expand with different speed, thus draw in lattice structure Play the deterioration forming and causing diamond table top in crack.

In order to get rid of this problem, it is possible to use strong acid comes from polycrystalline diamond lattice structure (or Individual thin volume or whole tablet) " leaching goes out " cobalt, during in order at least to reduce heating, different rates gets off The damage that self-heating diamond-cobalt composite material is experienced.The example of " leaching goes out " technique can be such as United States Patent (USP) No.4,288,248 and 4,104,344 finds.Tout court, strong acid, typical Fluohydric acid. Or the combination of several strong acid may be used for processing diamond table top, with remove from PDC composite to At least part of cobalt-catalyst.Suitably acid may include that nitric acid, Fluohydric acid., hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, Phosphoric acid or perchloric acid or the combination of these acid.Additionally, caustic (such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide) Have been used to carbide industries to absorb metallic element from carbide composite material.Additionally, other Acid and alkaline lixivant can use as required.Those of ordinary skill in the art is it will be appreciated that consider To dangerous etc., the molar concentration of lixivant can adjust time of leaching as required.

Go out cobalt by leaching, can be formed heat-staple polycrystalline (thermally stable polycrystalline, TSP) diamond.In certain embodiments, only leaching goes out the part diamond composite selected, To obtain heat stability without disappearance resistance to impact.As text uses, term TSP includes State both of (i.e., partially and fully leaching) compound.The interstitial volume retained after leaching is empty Between can be merged by promotion or by reducing with from material packing volume space, such as by existing skill Known in art and in United States Patent (USP) No.5, the technique described in 127,923, this patent is in this article Entire contents is quoted with the form of reference.

Alternatively, TSP can be by the bonding agent (example is silicon) outside use cobalt in press Forming diamond layer and formed, this bonding agent has the thermal coefficient of expansion being similar to diamond than cobalt. During manufacturing process, major part, silicon and the diamond lattice of 80 to 100 percents by volume react use To form carborundum, it also has the thermal expansion being similar to diamond.During heating, any remaining silicon, Carborundum and diamond lattice compared with the expansion rate of cobalt and diamond by with closer to as speed swollen Swollen, thus produce more thermally stable layer.The PDC cutter with TSP incised layer has relatively low Rate of depreciation, even if when sickle temperature reaches 1200 DEG C.But, ordinary skill Personnel, it will be appreciated that heat stability diamond layer can be formed by other method as known in the art, wrap Include such as by changing process conditions in the formation of diamond layer.

The matrix that facet is disposed thereon can be formed by multiple hard or superhard microgranule.A reality Executing in example, matrix can be formed by suitable material (such as tungsten carbide, ramet or titanium carbide). Additionally, different combination metal (such as cobalt, nickel, ferrum, metal alloy or their mixture) can Including in the base.In the base, metallic carbide tungsten particle props up in metallic bond (such as cobalt) Support.Additionally, matrix can be formed by the tungsten carbide composite structure sintered.It is well known that In addition to tungsten carbide and cobalt, it be also possible to use different metallic carbide composite tungsten materials and bonding agent.Cause This, the purpose that the citation using tungsten carbide and cobalt is merely to illustrate that, and be not intended to limit use Matrix and the type of bonding agent.In another embodiment, matrix also can be by diamond superhard material (such as polycrystalline diamond and thermally-stabilised diamond) is formed.Although the embodiment illustrated shows cutting Face and matrix are as two different pieces, it is understood by one skilled in the art that facet and matrix are Overall, identical component is also within the scope of the disclosure of the disclosure.In the above-described embodiments, permissible Preferably, form facet and matrix or different layers is monocrystalline composite material.

Outer member element can be formed by different materials.In one embodiment, outer member element Can be formed by suitable material (such as tungsten carbide, ramet or titanium carbide).Additionally, it is different Outside can be included in conjunction with metal (such as cobalt, nickel, ferrum, metal alloy or their mixture) In support component so that metallic carbide tungsten particle is in metallic bond inner support.A special reality Executing in example, outer member element is to have the cobalt content hard tungsten carbide from 6 to 13 percentage range.

In other embodiments, outer member element can be by steel alloy, nickel-base alloy and cobalt-base alloys Formed.Skilled addressee will further appreciate that, cutting element component can use hardfacing materials Coating is in order to increase corrosion protection.Above-mentioned coating can be applied by various technology as known in the art, Such as, detonation rifle (d-rifle) and spray melting technology.

Refer again to Fig. 2 A, when internal rotatable cutting element 210 is only partially disposed on external support unit In part 220 and/or by outer member element 220 around time, internal rotatable cutting element 210 is extremely A few part can be described as " expose portion " 216 of internal rotatable cutting element 210.According to exposed portion Dividing the thickness of 216, expose portion 216 can at least include a part or the facet 212 of facet 212 A part with matrix 214.As in figure 2 it is shown, expose portion 216 includes facet 212 and matrix The part of 214.But, although it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the expose portion illustrated 216 is the whole diameter continuously across internal rotatable cutting element 210 or width, but at Fig. 2 In the embodiment illustrated, according to the geometry of cutting element component, internal rotatable cutting element 210 Expose portion 216 alterable, as described below some accompanying drawings demonstration.

In one particular embodiment, the facet of internal rotatable cutting element has at least 0.050 The thickness of inch.But, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the geometric form according to cutting structure Shape and size, other thickness is also likely to be properly.

In another embodiment, internal rotatable cutting element can have between matrix and facet The interface of non-flat forms.The interface of the non-flat forms between matrix and facet adds the surface area of matrix, Therefore the combination of facet and matrix can be improved.Additionally, the interface of non-flat forms can increase shear stress Opposing, shear stress typically results in the delamination of such as diamond table top.

One example at the interface of the non-flat forms between carbide substrate and diamond layer is special in the such as U.S. Profit No.5, described in 662,720, wherein " egg-box " shape is by suitably cutting, etch or moulding Technique is formed in matrix.It is used as the interface of other non-flat forms, including such as United States Patent (USP) Interface described in No.5,494,477.An embodiment according to the disclosure, facet deposits to be had On the matrix of non-planar surface.

Internal rotatable cutting element can be maintained in outer member element by various mechanism, the most logical Cross ball bearing, pin and mechanical interlocked.In various embodiments, single holding system can be used, The most in other embodiments, multiple holding system can be used.

Refer again to Fig. 2 A-2B, it is shown that there is ball bearing and keep the cutting element of system.As Shown in these embodiments, internal rotatable cutting element 210 and outer member element 220 points Not do not include the groove in general alignment with/coupling at the side surface of matrix 214 and the inner surface of sidepiece 224 213 and 223.Keep ball (that is, ball bearing) 230 to occupy to be limited by groove 213 and 223 Space, to assist to be maintained in outer member element 220 internal rotatable cutting element 210.Rolling Pearl can be embedded by the pin-and-hole 227 in sidepiece 224.In the above-described embodiments, at cutting element 200 After assembling, pin-and-hole 227 can fill the material of pin-and-hole 227 with pin or connector 232 or any other Material seals, and keeps the function of ball/bearing 230 without damage.In an alternative embodiment, cutting unit Part 200 can be formed by above-described multiple so that need not pin-and-hole 227 and connector 232.

Ball 230 can by any can bear when cutting element 220 engages stratum be applied to thereon The material (such as, steel or carbide) of pressure is made.In one particular embodiment, ball can Formed by tungsten carbide or carborundum.If using tungsten carbide ball, preferably using and being different from outside Support element and/or the hard tungsten carbide compositions of matrix.Ball 230 can be any size and its be can The rotary speed to change internal rotatable cutting element 210 become.In a particular embodiment, dynamically The rotatable speed of part 210 can 1 circle and 5 circle/per minute between so that the table of facet 212 Face can keep sharp-pointed, and without damaging the globality of cutting element 200.

With reference to Fig. 3 A-3B, it is shown that have the cutting element of mechanical interlocked holding system.Such as this enforcement Shown in example, cutting element 500 includes internal rotatable (dynamically) cutting element 510, its part It is externally arranged in support (static) element 520 and therefore by external support (static) element 520 Part around.Outer member element 520 includes bottom 522, sidepiece 524 and top 526.Inside can Rotating cutting elements 510 includes facet 512 part being arranged on the upper surface of matrix 514.In The rotatable cutting element in portion be arranged in the cavity that limited by bottom 522, sidepiece 524 and top 526 it In.Due to the architectural characteristic of this embodiment, internal rotatable cutting element mechanically by bottom 522, Within sidepiece 524 and top 526 are maintained at outer member element 520 cavity.As illustrated in FIG. 3 , top 526 extends at the upper surface upper section of facet 512, in order to keep internal rotatable Cutting element 510 and also allow for internal rotatable cutting element 510 and especially by facet 512 Carry out cuts formation.

Including the most above shown in Fig. 2 A-2B in the various embodiments of those, disclosed herein Cutting element can include the sealing member between internally positioned rotatable cutting element and outer member element. As shown in figures 2 a-2b, sealing member or potted component 240 are arranged in internal rotatable cutting element Between 210 and outer member element 220, it is specifically arranged the circle at internal rotatable cutting element 210 On poppet surface.Potted component 240 can be provided in one embodiment to reduce internal rotatable cutting unit Contacting between part 210 with outer member element 220, and potted component 240 can be common by this area Any amount of material (such as, rubber, elastomer and polymer) known to the skilled person is made. Therefore, when internal rotatable cutting element 210 rotates within outer member element 220, seal Element 240 can reduce by fricative heat.Further, potted component 240 can also be used with to subtract Few bearing 230 or pin pour into due to the mud of drilling cuttings or compress stuck or block.In optional embodiment In, lubricating oil or other friction-reducing material any can be added on internal rotatable cutting element 210 with In sealed groove between outer member element 220.Above-mentioned material can prevent the heat between component from amassing Tired, thus extend the life-span of cutting element 200.

In one embodiment, the supporting surface that can strengthen cutting element disclosed herein is outside to promote The rotation of the rotatable cutting element in inside in support component.Supporting surface enhanced can be included in inside can Rotating cutting elements supporting surface supports any one in surface or one of two with outer member element On Fen.In one particular embodiment, supporting surface in one can include gold at least partially Hard rock supporting surface.According to the disclosure, diamond supporting surface can include separating in certain embodiments Diamond section, continuous section can be included in other embodiments.Can be used on cutting disclosed herein Supporting surface in element can include that diamond supports surface, such as in United States Patent (USP) No.4,756,631 With 4, those described in 738,322, they transfer this assignee and it is in this article with the shape of reference Formula quotes entire contents.

In certain embodiments, it is possible to provide diamond-diamond supporting surface.This can be by inside The supporting surface of diamond enhancing is used to come in fact in rotatable cutting element and outer member element Existing, or alternatively, matrix can be formed by diamond, and the supporting surface that diamond strengthens can provide In outer member element.In other embodiments, it is possible to use the supporting surface of carbide-diamond, Wherein, diamond supporting surface may be included in matrix or outer member element, wherein, Carbide is positioned on another component.

In order to further enhance the rotation of internal rotatable cutting element, internal rotatable cutting element with The bottom mating surface alterable of outer member element.Such as, ball bearing may be provided in two components Between, or alternatively, in surface can comprise diamond and/or be formed by diamond.

In another embodiment, at least one supporting surface can be surface treated at least partially with For optimizing the rotation in outer member element of the internal rotatable cutting element.Be suitable to cutting of the disclosure The surface process cutting element includes such as adding lubricant, applying coating and Surface Finishing.One In individual special embodiment, supporting surface can experience Surface Finishing so that surface has less than about The mean roughness of 125 microinch (μ-inch) Ra, in another embodiment less than about 32 Microinch Ra.In another particular embodiment, in supporting surface can be coated with coated with promoting with lubriation material The rotation of the rotatable cutting element in portion and/or to reduce internal rotatable cutting element and external support unit Friction between part and stuck.In one particular embodiment, supporting surface can be with various metals Carbide, nitride and/or oxide-coated, this can by PVD, CVD or any other In field, the known deposition technique promoting to be combined with matrix or base material applies.Real at another Execute in example, between supporting surface, can include that floating bearing is to promote to rotate.Comprise friction-reducing material (example As, lubricating oil or lubricant) surface of internal rotatable cutting element and outer member element can be allowed Rotate and contact with each other, but only resulting in the heat thus producing minimum.

In another embodiment, in facet, matrix and/or the inside of internal rotatable cutting element Surface modification can be included on the working surface in hole.Surface modification may be included in the cutting element of the disclosure, With by interacting with the hydraulic pressure on stratum or Physical interaction enhancing rotation.In various embodiments, Surface modification can be etched or be machined in various component, or alternatively in component sintering or formation Period is formed, and can have from 0.001 to 0.050 inch range in some special embodiments The degree of depth.It will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that surface modification can be at internal rotatable cutting element Take any geometry or non-geometric shape in any part, and can be symmetrical or asymmetric shape Formula is formed.Further, according to the size of cutting element, the degree of depth of surface modification is preferably changed.

Although above embodiment described the formation of surface modification, such as by etching or machining, But also within the scope of the disclosure, cutting element includes the facet of non-flat forms, and it can pass through source Realize from the projection in face.The facet of non-flat forms makes also by internal rotatable cutting element Realize with the facet of molding.Such as, cutting of the molding being adapted in use in disclosure cutting element That face can include dome or the top of circle and horse-saddle.

Further, the rotatable cutting element in the inside in special cutting element and external support unit The type alterable on the supporting surface between part.May be present in the supporting table in the cutting element of the disclosure The type in face can include cone supporting surface, radial bearing surface and axial support surfaces.

In one embodiment, the inside in the outer member element with generally matched shape can Rotating cutting elements can be usual butt-cone so that internal rotatable cutting element props up with outside Support element has the supporting surface of cone between them.With reference to Fig. 2 A-2B, it is shown that have circular cone The embodiment on shape supporting surface.As shown in this embodiment go out, internal rotatable cutting element 210 And between outer member element 220 cone supporting surface 292 can be used for during operation when it with Stratum obtains most thrust when interacting from the rotation of internal rotatable cutting element 210. Further, in needing the application of cutting element of more thrusts, cone supporting surface can provide Larger area is used for applying load.Embodiment shown in Fig. 2 A-2B also show radial bearing surface 294 and axial support surfaces 296.

With reference to Fig. 4, it is shown that according to the cutting element of another embodiment.As shown in the present embodiment, Cutting element 1900 includes internal rotatable (dynamically) cutting element 1910, and it is partially disposed on outside Support in (static) element 1920 and therefore by external support (static) element 1920 part around. Outer member element 1920 includes bottom 1922 and sidepiece 1924.Internal rotatable cutting element 1910 Including facet 1912 part on the upper surface being arranged in matrix 1914.As shown in this embodiment Going out, outer member element 1920 and drill main body (not shown) are overall.In alternative embodiment In, outer member element 1920 can be independent element.Go out the most as shown in this embodiment, outward Portion's support component 1920 also includes inner shaft portion 1928, and it is threadedly attached to bottom 1922 And extend to from bottom 1922 matrix 1914 of internal rotatable cutting element 1910 so that when interior When the rotatable cutting element in portion 1910 rotates, it is within sidepiece 1924 and around outer member element The inner shaft portion 1928 of 1920 rotates.In an alternative embodiment, inner shaft portion 1928 can be with bottom 1922 It is overall.The upper part in inner shaft portion 1928 extends beyond internal rotatable cutting element 1910 Facet 1912 with assist internal rotatable cutting element 1910 is maintained at outer member element Within 1920.

As illustrated above various in, internal rotatable cutting element and outer member element can be adopted Take the form of variously-shaped/geometrical property.According to the shape of component, different supporting surfaces or their group Conjunction can exist between internal rotatable cutting element and outer member element.But, this area is common Skilled artisan will appreciate that, change and any special geometric form that can there is shape are not construed as It it is the restriction of scope to cutting element disclosed herein.

And, those skilled in the art it will also be understood that any design variations described above, including Such as angle of heel, back rake angle, the change of geometry, surface modification/etching, sealing member, bearing, Material composites etc., can include, and are not limited to the those described above disclosure in various combinations Those in cutting element.

The cutting element of the disclosure can be included in the cutting tool of various types of down-holes, including such as making For the sickle in fixed cutter drill bit, or as in rifler inserted, reamer, wellhole are curved Bent machine or can be used in other instrument any to texture stratum drilling well.There is the cutting unit of the disclosure The cutting tool of part includes single rotatable cutting element and remaining cutting element is conventional cutting unit Part；All cutting elements are all rotatable；Or between rotatable and traditional cutting element Combination in any.

Referring now to Fig. 5, it is shown that according to being arranged on blade 2002 of an embodiment of the disclosure Cutting element 2000.In this embodiment, cutting element 2000 includes being partially disposed on external support unit The rotatable cutting element in inside 2010 in part 2020.In order to change cutting action and potentially change cut Cut efficiency and rotation, it will be appreciated by people skilled in the art that to adjust as described above and cut Cut back rake angle (that is, vertical orientations) and the angle of heel (that is, lateral orientation) of element 2000.

The cutting element of the disclosure can be attached to by various mechanism or be arranged on drill bit, including but not The conventional attached or brazing technology being limited in sickle pit.May be adapted to the cutting element of the disclosure A kind of optional mounting technique figure 6 illustrates.Go out as shown in this embodiment, cutting element 2100 Be arranged in assembly 2101, this assembly 2101 can pass through measure (such as machinery, brazing or they Combination) it is arranged on drill main body (not shown).The most within the scope of the present disclosure, one In a little embodiments, internal rotatable cutting element can be directly mounted on drill bit so that drill main body is made For outer member element, i.e. by inside rotatable element is inserted in hole, can stop subsequently This hole is to remain at internal optional cutting element.

With reference to Fig. 7 A-7B, it is shown that include the gear wheel 2239 of gear wheel 2230 and stopper 2240.Tooth Wheel 2230 can have cylinder-shaped body as matrix 2231, and it can be by carbide (such as, the carbon of hard Change tungsten) formed.Facet 2232 may be formed on an end of gear wheel 2230, wherein, and cutting Face 2232 be gear wheel 2230 in the face of corresponding stopper 2240 and contact the one end on stratum in the wellbore. Facet 2232 can be made up of any amount of hard and/or anti-abrasive material, including such as tungsten carbide, Polycrystalline diamond and thermally-stabilised polycrystalline diamond.Further, facet 2232 can be by with matrix not With or the material identical with matrix 2231 make.Such as, gear wheel can have by being different from matrix material The facet that material is made, the diamond table top being such as arranged on the upper surface of carbide substrate, make Obtain diamond table top and form the facet of gear wheel.Alternatively, some embodiments can have by identical material The matrix made and facet.Such as, gear wheel can whole be made up of diamond so that matrix and cutting Face has diamond to make.In this embodiment, diamond can be gone out by all or part of leaching.Have In the matrix being manufactured from the same material and another exemplary embodiment of the gear wheel of facet, gear wheel base Body can be made up of carbide material, and wherein, the upper surface of carbide substrate forms facet.

Gear wheel 2230 also can have side surface 2235, and it is formed around the circumference of gear wheel 2230 and extend The whole length of gear wheel 2230.Therefore, there is the facet be made up of the material being different from matrix In embodiment, side surface can include matrix material and facet material.Further, such as Fig. 7 A Shown in 7B, cut edge 2233 is in the intersection of facet 2232 with side surface 2235 Formed.Cut edge can be formed by identical from matrix material or different with matrix material materials.Such as, Cut edge can by tungsten carbide, polycrystalline diamond, TSP or other as known in the art hard and/ Or anti abrasive material is formed.

Further, gear wheel can be changed there is diamond at facet and/or cut edge (such as, polycrystalline diamond).Go out as shown in fig. 7c, there is the cutting of polycrystalline diamond 2234 The gear wheel 2230 at edge 2233 can have the carbide material (example being exposed on a part of facet 2232 As, tungsten carbide), to guarantee that the simple and accurate machining of gear wheel 2230 is come and stopper The holding end coupling of respective shapes.Such as, Fig. 7 C shows the facet with concavity 2237 The carbide portion of exposure.In other embodiments, the facet of gear wheel can be generally plane.

With reference to Fig. 7 A-7B, gear wheel 2230 can be changed to have in facet 2232, cut edge 2233 And/or at least one groove 2236 formed in side surface 2235.Groove 2236 may be included in the disclosure Gear wheel in, with by interacting with the hydraulic pressure on stratum or Physical interaction strengthens and rotates.Respectively Planting in embodiment, groove 2236 can be etched or be machined in various component, or alternatively at structure Part sintering or formed during be formed, and can have in some special embodiments from 0.001 to The degree of depth of 0.050 inch range.It will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that groove can use any geometry Or the shape of non-geometric and the size according to cutting element, preferably change the degree of depth of groove.It is intended to Increase drag force with the further feature of rotary cutter (such as hole, indenture or in facet epirelief Rise volume block, the chamfering of side surface) within the scope of the present invention.Further, groove is permissible Symmetrical or asymmetric form is formed around the longitudinal axis of gear wheel.Such as, Fig. 7 A shows have The gear wheel of the groove 2236 being formed at axisymmetrically in facet 2232 close to cut edge 2233.

In addition to groove, the facet 2232 of gear wheel 2230 can have concavity or convex shaped part. Term " concavity " and " convex shaped part " refer to that facet has concave shape or convex configuration and configuration For the part being consistent with the stopper closed on.Although concavity can have is similar to groove 2236 or with recessed The shape that groove 2236 is identical, but concavity/convex shaped part is functionally and the most dimensionally and position Put different from groove.Especially, concavity/convex shaped part can be formed to coordinate the holding of corresponding stopper Hold and can be usually located at the radial center of facet.Groove can around or close to facet edge formed To strengthen rotation and the typically smaller than concavity/convex shaped part of gear wheel.

There is the example of gear wheel of groove and concavity shown in Fig. 7 A-7B in order to the most clear Clear difference between groove and concavity.In embodiment shown in Fig. 7 A-7B, gear wheel 2230 Have and be formed at the radial center of facet 2232 or close to radial center recessed of facet 2232 Shape portion 2237, and the reduced size formed around facet 2232 close to cut edge 2233 is recessed Groove 2236.It is positioned on the front guide face 2221 of blade 2220, is close in the stopper 2240 of gear wheel 2230 Can include keeping end 2241 and attached end 2245, wherein, keep end 2241 to be close in gear wheel 2230 The concavity 2237 of facet 2232 so that gear wheel is maintained in sickle pit 2225 and attached End 2245 is attached to a part for blade 2220.Attached end 2245 can include upper surface 2248, and it prolongs Extend in a part for blade and be positioned under gear wheel 2230.As shown in Fig. 7 A-7B, resistance The holding end 2241 of lug-latch 2240 can have convex shaped part 2247, wherein, this convex shaped part 2247 and gear wheel The concavity 2237 of 2230 mates.Alternatively, in other embodiments, facet can have convex shaped part, And the holding end of stopper can have concavity so that the convex shaped part of facet and the concavity keeping end Coupling.

As used herein involved, stopper is the component separated with drill bit, and it is attached to drill bit and closes on Facet in gear wheel.Stopper includes attached end and keeps end, and this attached end is as stopper and brill Attachment structures between Tou, this holding end is close in the facet of gear wheel.Stopper can be by various materials Formed and there is variously-shaped and size to prevent gear wheel from going out from the sickle pit being formed at drill bit Come.

Advantageously, at least one during embodiment disclosed herein can provide following advantage.Including revolving Turn the high temperature that the cutting element of cutting part can avoid typical fixed cutter to produce.Due to prior art The cutting surfaces of cutting element constantly contact stratum, heat can accumulate, this can cause cutting element by In the fault ruptured and produce.Above-mentioned thermal accumlation can be avoided according to embodiments of the invention, because The edge on contact stratum changes.Lower temperature in the edge of cutting element can reduce potential rupturing, Thus extend the functional lifetime of cutting element.By reducing the heat experienced by the cutting surfaces of cutting element And the load of machinery, the cutting element life-span can increase, thus allow more efficient drilling well.

Further, the rotation of the rotatable portion of cutting element can allow cutting surfaces to use cutting surfaces Whole outward flanges (rather than as in prior art provide as only use outer peripheral same section) Carry out cuts formation.Whole edges of cutting element can contact stratum, produces more consistent cutting element limit Edge weares and teares, thus prevents the formation of the wearflat areas of local.Because edge abrasion is more consistent, cut Cut element can not promptly wear and tear, thus there is longer downhole life, therefore add drill-well operation Whole efficiency.

Additionally, because along with the rotatable cutting part of cutting element rotates, the cutting element on contact stratum Edge change, cut edge can keep sharp-pointed.Sharp-pointed cut edge can increase when boring stratum wears Speed thoroughly, thus increase the efficiency of drill-well operation.Further, along with the rotatable portion of cutting element Rotate, hydraulic coupling can be applied to cutting surfaces with cooling and the surface of clean cut element.

Some embodiments can protect the cutting surfaces of cutting element to avoid side impact power, thus prevents cutting Element ruptures and fault subsequently too early.Other embodiments can use diamond table top cutting surfaces to make For supporting surface to reduce friction and to provide the wear-out life extended.Mill along with cutting element embodiment Damaging life-span increase, the probability of cutting element fault reduces.Therefore, longer effective cutting element longevity Life can provide higher transmission rate, and the more efficient drill-well operation of final generation.

Although the most only describe the exemplary embodiment of minority in detail, but for people in the art Will readily appreciate that for Yuan, a lot of amendments are possible and the most substantially carry on the back in the exemplary embodiment From the present invention.Therefore, all such amendments are intended to be included in claims below and are defined The scope of the present disclosure in.In detail in the claims, device adds the statement of function and is intended to cover herein The structure described is the described function of the row of holding, and the equivalent being not only in structure, is also the structure of equivalent. Therefore, although nail and screw are not likely to be the equivalent in structure, because nail uses the table of cylinder Wooden part is fixed together by face and screw uses the surface spiraled；But at fastening wooden parts Environment in, nail and screw can be equivalent structure.Except in the claims with correlation function Except in the case of being used together word " for (means for) " statement, the statement of applicant is intended to not Quoting 35U.S.C § 112, paragraph 6 carries out any restriction to any claim.

Claims

1. a cutting tool, including:

Tool body, it has the multiple blades radially extended；And

The multiple rotatable cutting elements being arranged at least one in the plurality of blade, wherein, often Individual rotatable cutting element all can rotate around the cutting axis extending through rotatable cutting element,

Wherein, the plurality of rotatable cutting element with forward spiral configuration mode be arranged on described at least one On individual blade so that when watching from the cut end of cutting tool, in the plurality of rotatable cutting element Each the Distance tool body central line there is incremental radial distance, and the plurality of rotatable cutting Element is distributed placement in a clockwise direction, and each in the plurality of rotatable cutting element has Positive side tilt angle.

Cutting tool the most according to claim 1, wherein, the plurality of rotatable cutting element with The side tilt angle of 0 degree to 45 degree is arranged at least one blade described.

Cutting tool the most according to claim 1, wherein, the plurality of rotatable cutting element with The side tilt angle of 5 degree to 35 degree is arranged at least one blade described.

Cutting tool the most according to claim 1, wherein, the plurality of rotatable cutting element with The side tilt angle of 15 degree to 30 degree is arranged at least one blade described.

Cutting tool the most according to claim 1, wherein, is arranged on the nose of this cutting tool The plurality of rotatable cutting element in region has the side tilt angle from 10 degree to 30 degree.

Cutting tool the most according to claim 1, wherein, is arranged on the nose of this cutting tool The plurality of rotatable cutting element in region has the side tilt angle from 20 degree to 30 degree.

Cutting tool the most according to claim 1, wherein, is arranged on the shoulder of this cutting tool The plurality of rotatable cutting element in region has the side tilt angle from 10 degree to 30 degree.

Cutting tool the most according to claim 1, wherein, is arranged on the shoulder of this cutting tool The plurality of rotatable cutting element in region has the side tilt angle from 20 degree to 30 degree.

Cutting tool the most according to claim 1, wherein, is arranged on the footpath rule of this cutting tool The plurality of rotatable cutting element in region has the side tilt angle less than 25 degree.

Cutting tool the most according to claim 1, wherein, is arranged on the cone of this cutting tool Multiple cutting elements in body region have the side tilt angle less than 20 degree.

11. cutting tools according to claim 10, wherein, are arranged in this conical zone The plurality of cutting element is rotatable.

12. cutting tools according to claim 11, wherein, this cutting tool nose and Each cutting element in shoulder regions is all rotatable.

13. 1 kinds of cutting tools, including:

Tool body, it has the multiple blades radially extended；And

The multiple rotatable cutting elements being arranged at least one in the plurality of blade, wherein, often Individual rotatable cutting element all can revolve around the cutting element axis extending through rotatable cutting element Turn,

Wherein, the plurality of rotatable cutting element with inverted plate rotation configuration mode be arranged on described at least one On individual blade so that when watching from the cut end of cutting tool, in the plurality of rotatable cutting element Each the Distance tool body central line there is incremental radial distance, and the plurality of rotatable cutting Element is distributed placement in a counterclockwise direction, and each in the plurality of rotatable cutting element has Positive side tilt angle.

14. cutting tools according to claim 13, wherein, the plurality of rotatable cutting element It is arranged at least one blade described with the side tilt angle of 0 degree to 45 degree.

15. cutting tools according to claim 13, wherein, the plurality of rotatable cutting element It is arranged at least one blade described with the side tilt angle of 5 degree to 35 degree.

16. cutting tools according to claim 13, wherein, the plurality of rotatable cutting element It is arranged at least one blade described with the side tilt angle of 15 degree to 30 degree.

17. cutting tools according to claim 13, wherein, are arranged on the nose of this cutting tool The plurality of rotatable cutting element in region, portion has the side tilt angle from 10 degree to 30 degree.

18. cutting tools according to claim 13, wherein, are arranged on the nose of this cutting tool The plurality of rotatable cutting element in region, portion has the side tilt angle from 20 degree to 30 degree.

19. cutting tools according to claim 13, wherein, are arranged on the shoulder of this cutting tool The plurality of rotatable cutting element in region, portion has the side tilt angle from 10 degree to 30 degree.

20. cutting tools according to claim 13, wherein, are arranged on the shoulder of this cutting tool The plurality of rotatable cutting element in region, portion has the side tilt angle from 20 degree to 30 degree.

21. cutting tools according to claim 13, wherein, are arranged on the footpath of this cutting tool The plurality of rotatable cutting element in rule region has the side tilt angle less than 25 degree.

22. cutting tools according to claim 13, wherein, are arranged on the cone of this cutting tool Multiple cutting elements in body region have the side tilt angle less than 20 degree.

23. cutting tools according to claim 22, wherein, are arranged in this conical zone The plurality of cutting element is rotatable.

24. cutting tools according to claim 13, wherein, this cutting tool nose and Each cutting element in shoulder regions is all rotatable.