CN104065475A - High-speed continuous variable quantum key distribution system and bit frame synchronization method thereof - Google Patents
High-speed continuous variable quantum key distribution system and bit frame synchronization method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-speed continuous variable quantum key distribution system and a bit frame synchronization method thereof. The bit frame synchronization method comprises the following steps: Step one, a sender generates a set of special data used as a synchronous frame; Step two, the sender sends a coherent state to a receiver through a quantum channel; Step three, the receiver uses a balance homodyne detector to measure the displacement component of the coherent state; Step four, the receiver selects an appropriate alternate voltage determining threshold and a frame synchronization segment determining threshold to determine the synchronous frame according to structure information of the special data acquired through a classical channel in Step one; and Step five, synchronization fails if the receiver does not search the synchronous frame in the specified time, and the receiver needs to adjust the value of the alternate voltage determining threshold and the value of the frame synchronization segment determining threshold and reestablishes communication. According to the invention, the interference of external environmental factors to synchronization signals in the process of quantum key distribution can be effectively overcome, and synchronization between both sides of communication can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical fiber quantum communication technical field, particularly, relate to a kind of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system and position frame synchornization method thereof.
Background technology
Quantum key distribution can make legitimate correspondence both sides safe shared key in fly-by-night quantum channel, different from discrete variable quantum key distribution agreement, continuous variable quantum key distribution is upper and use homodyne or the heterodyne balanced detection techniques that efficient cost is low at continuous quantum variable (canonical displacement and the canonical momentums of coherent states) by information coding, and this continuous variable quantum key distribution of having abandoned single photon technology and having had higher key distribution speed has been subject to the close attention of academia.At present, academia has proposed a lot of continuous variable quantum key distribution agreements and has carried out theoretically safety analysis, the Secure Threshold that has provided individual attack and ganged up against, particularly the Unconditional security of the coherent states quantum key distribution agreement based on Gauss's modulation has obtained abundant demonstration.Not only obtain in theory impressive progress, coherent states quantum key distribution based on Gauss's modulation has also received people's very big concern experimentally, by using advanced detection technique and error correction algorithm, continuous variable system has been made significant headway aspect realizing in experiment nearly ten years.Up to the present, continuous variable quantum key distribution can realize the safe distance transmission of 80km under experimental situation.
But, now existing experimental system is all carried out for low speed continuous variable quantum key distribution, and the final safe code check of its generation is not high.Need, in the data encryption system of mass data transmission, conventionally to need high speed key distribution technology in a lot of practical application such as video file encryptions, large data files encryption etc.Therefore, how to realize high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system and become problem demanding prompt solution.In high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system, many technology are different from low speed continuous variable quantum key distribution technology in the past.For example, in idling slow speed system, applied simultaneous techniques just cannot be effectively transplanted in High Speed System.In continuous variable quantum key distribution system, simultaneous techniques is a vital core technology, because want correctly to extract final key in continuous variable quantum key distribution system, first communicating pair must share a string related data, and the data that the data that recipient receives send with transmit leg must be corresponding one by one.Achieve the above object, communicating pair must carry out synchronously, thereby makes recipient can accurately define original position and the final position of valid data in data transmission procedure.But, different from conventional optical fibers communication system, what in continuous variable quantum key distribution system, transmit is faint quantum signal, it is very easily subject to the impact of external environment condition, as optical fiber shake, exterior mechanical vibration, humidity and temperature etc., these environmental factors all can affect the state of the quantum coherent state of signal transmission in system.Therefore, continuous variable quantum key distribution system can not use the synchronization scenario of conventional optical fibers communication system simply, must use and have the synchronization scenario that meets Quantum Teleportation characteristic.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system and position frame synchornization method thereof, the interference that it can effectively overcome synchronizing signal and be subject in quantum key distribution process external environment factor, realizes communicating pair synchronous.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system is provided, it is characterized in that, comprise transmit leg and recipient, transmit leg comprises the first control section and the first light path part, recipient comprises the second control section and the second light path part, the first light path part comprises lasing light emitter, the first beam splitter, the first electro-optic phase modulator, electric light amplitude modulator and the first polarizing coupler, lasing light emitter is production burst light under the effect of control circuit, obtain quantum signal light and local oscillator light through the first beam splitter, splitting ratio is that one light path obtains quantum signal light, enter random number through the modulation of the first electro-optic phase modulator and the modulation of electric light amplitude modulator, by the first polarizing coupler and local oscillator light compositing one tunnel inlet subchannel, the first control section comprises that the first true random number generates control circuit, the first analog voltage output control circuit and clocked flip-flop circuit, the first true random number generates control circuit and mainly generates true random number, outputed in electric light amplitude modulator and prepared Gauss number by the first analog voltage output control circuit, clocked flip-flop circuit generation system clock is for system, the second light path part comprises the second polarizing coupler, the second electro-optic phase modulator, the second beam splitter and balanced homodyne detector, the light signal that comes from quantum channel obtains quantum light signal and local oscillator light signal by the second polarizing coupler, then in the second beam splitter, interfere, obtain quantum information by balanced homodyne detector, the second control section comprises that analog voltage input control circuit, the second analog voltage output control circuit and the second true random number generate control circuit, and analog voltage input control circuit is connected with balanced homodyne detector, for receiving data information, the second analog voltage output control circuit drives the second electro-optic phase modulator, completes the function of random State selective measurements base, and the second true random number generates control circuit for generating the required true random number of random State selective measurements machine.
The present invention also provides a kind of position frame synchornization method of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system, the position frame synchornization method of described high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system comprises the following steps: step 1, and transmit leg generates one group of special data as synchronization frame; Step 2, transmit leg throughput subchannel sends to recipient coherent states, and meanwhile, transmit leg is informed recipient by classical channel the structural information of special data; Step 3, recipient's balance homodyne detector is measured the displacement component of coherent states; Step 4, the structural information of the special data obtaining from classical channel according to step 1, selected suitable alternate voltages decision threshold and the frame sync segment decision threshold of recipient judged synchronization frame; Step 5, if in official hour, recipient does not search synchronization frame, synchronization failure, now recipient need to adjust the value of alternate voltages decision threshold and the value of frame sync segment decision threshold, then recommunicates.
Preferably, described synchronization frame comprises K bit synchronization section and a frame sync segment, and K is positive integer.
Preferably, described bit synchronization section is V by N magnitude of voltage
πclosely follow N magnitude of voltage from 0 to V with 0 alternate voltages
πstepped-up voltage, the voltage difference of adjacent two points be V
π/ (N-1) forming, frame sync segment is V by 2N magnitude of voltage
πform with 0 alternate voltages, wherein N is positive integer.
Preferably, described recipient is by first decision bits sync section, and then judgement frame sync segment, finally defines efficient communication data and realizes synchronous.
Preferably, the condition of described recipient's decision bits sync section be in data, occur N position voltage difference be the alternate voltages of Δ V immediately following N position stepped-up voltage, wherein Δ V> α × 2|x|, 2|x| is that balanced homodyne detector detected phase differs V
πthe maximum difference of canonical component of coherent states, α is alternate voltages decision threshold.
For there is alternate voltages total degree n> β * 2N according to determining in the sliding window that the size that generates after bit synchronization section is 2N in the condition that preferably, described recipient judges frame sync segment
1, β is frame sync segment decision threshold.
Preferably, the position frame synchornization method of described high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system is according to the alternate frequency N of alternate voltages in bit synchronization section number of repetition K and bit synchronization section, calculate in high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system communicating pair and realize synchronous required real time t, the computing formula of real time as shown in the formula:
Wherein, the repetition rate that f is system.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: first transmit leg of the present invention generates one group of special data as synchronization frame, then throughput subchannel sends to recipient the quantum signal that carries synchronization frame, then recipient's balance homodyne detector is measured the canonical component of coherent states, search synchronization frame by selecting applicable parameter, then define the original position of valid data, finally realize communicating pair synchronous, can effectively overcome synchronizing signal like this and be subject to the interference of external environment factor in quantum key distribution process.
Brief description of the drawings
By reading the detailed description of non-limiting example being done with reference to the following drawings, it is more obvious that other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become:
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the synchronization frame that uses of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art further to understand the present invention, but not limit in any form the present invention.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system of the present invention comprises transmit leg and recipient, transmit leg comprises the first control section and the first light path part, recipient comprises the second control section and the second light path part, the first light path part comprises lasing light emitter, the first beam splitter, the first electro-optic phase modulator, electric light amplitude modulator and the first polarizing coupler, lasing light emitter is production burst light under the effect of control circuit, the first beam splitter that is 1:99 through splitting ratio obtains quantum signal light and local oscillator light, splitting ratio is that one light path obtains quantum signal light, enter random number through the modulation of the first electro-optic phase modulator and the modulation of electric light amplitude modulator, by the first polarizing coupler and local oscillator light compositing one tunnel inlet subchannel, the first control section comprises that the first true random number generates control circuit, the first analog voltage output control circuit and clocked flip-flop circuit, the first true random number generates control circuit and mainly generates true random number, outputed in electric light amplitude modulator and prepared Gauss number by the first analog voltage output control circuit, clocked flip-flop circuit generation system clock is for system, the second light path part comprises the second polarizing coupler, the second electro-optic phase modulator, the second beam splitter and balanced homodyne detector, the light signal that comes from quantum channel obtains quantum light signal and local oscillator light signal by the second polarizing coupler, then in the second beam splitter that is 50:50 at splitting ratio, interfere, obtain quantum information by balanced homodyne detector, the second control section comprises that analog voltage input control circuit, the second analog voltage output control circuit and the second true random number generate control circuit, and analog voltage input control circuit is connected with balanced homodyne detector, for receiving data information, the second analog voltage output control circuit drives the second electro-optic phase modulator, completes the function of random State selective measurements base, and the second true random number generates control circuit for generating the required true random number of random State selective measurements machine.
The position frame synchornization method of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Step 1, transmit leg generates one group of special data
as synchronization frame;
Step 2, transmit leg throughput subchannel center is
coherent states send to recipient, meanwhile, transmit leg by classical channel special data
structural information inform recipient;
Step 3, recipient's balance homodyne detector is measured the displacement component XB of coherent states;
Step 4, the special data obtaining from classical channel according to step 1
structural information, selected suitable alternate voltages decision threshold α and the frame sync segment decision threshold β of recipient judges synchronization frame;
Step 5, if in official hour, recipient does not search synchronization frame, synchronization failure, now recipient need to adjust the value of alternate voltages decision threshold α and the value of frame sync segment decision threshold β, then recommunicates.
In step 1, transmit leg is first prepared synchronization frame, and as shown in Figure 2, synchronization frame comprises K bit synchronization section and a frame sync segment, and bit synchronization section is V by N magnitude of voltage
πwith 0 (V
πthe half-wave voltage of phase-modulator) alternate voltages immediately following N magnitude of voltage from 0 to V
πstepped-up voltage, the voltage difference of adjacent two points be V
π/ (N-1) forming, the sync section of ascending the throne is: (V
π, 0, V
π, 0 ..., V
π, 0,0, V
π/ (N-1) ..., V
π-V
π/ (N-1), V
π).Frame sync segment is V by 2N magnitude of voltage
πform with 0 alternate voltages, frame sync segment is: (V
π, 0, V
π, 0 ..., V
π, 0, V
π, 0), wherein K and N are positive integer.
In step 2, transmit leg sends recipient by phase-modulator to process quantum channel on the sub-light signal of synchronization frame modulation input.
In step 3, recipient's balance homodyne detector detects the canonical component of the coherent states that receive, select applicable alternate voltages decision threshold α and the first contraposition sync section of frame sync segment decision threshold β to position by adjustment, and then judgement frame sync segment, then define original position and the stop position of valid data, finally realize the synchronous of communicating pair, finally obtain system initial key, be that recipient is by first decision bits sync section, and then judgement frame sync segment, finally define efficient communication data and realize synchronous.
The specific algorithm that recipient judges synchronization frame search is as follows: the synchronization frame of preparing due to transmit leg is to modulate in inlet signal light by phase-modulator, therefore modulate the Informational Expression of inlet signal light on the phase place of flashlight light field changes, alternate voltages 0 and V in synchronization frame
πthe phase rotating that is equivalent to the initial phase dry state a to have carried out 0 ° and 180 ° obtains state a and state b, because phase drift appears in system self reason, become state a ' and state b ' so arrive recipient's coherent states, but their phase difference remains 180 °, when now recipient detects their canonical displacement component with balanced homodyne detector, can obtain x1 and x2, meet | x
1-x
2|≤2|x|, wherein 2|x| is that balanced homodyne detector detected phase differs V
πthe maximum difference of canonical component of coherent states.To this, recipient determines by adjusting alternate voltages decision threshold α whether former and later two measured values are an alternate voltages, decision condition is the difference DELTA V> α × 2|x| of former and later two measured values, if do not meet and represent that non-alternate voltages, 2|x| are that balanced homodyne detector detected phase differs V
πthe maximum difference of canonical component of coherent states.Had this judgment basis, recipient carries out the search of bit synchronization section to the value measuring, and only has the N continuous of meeting bit interleaving voltage just can think and search bit synchronization section immediately following the non-alternate voltages in N position.Once search bit synchronization section (recipient judges the condition of frame sync segment), the recipient at once window taking size as 2N finds frame sync segment backward, as long as there is alternate voltages quantity N>=β * 2N in the window of size for 2N
1, found frame sync segment, now size for after the window of 2N immediately be the original position of valid data, so far communicating pair is realized synchronous.
In high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution process, be subject to phase drift in order to overcome quantum signal, the factor such as noise and the operating lag of the modulator impact that control circuit is introduced, K bit synchronization section and 1 frame sync segment in whole synchronization frame, should be comprised, like this by first determining bit synchronization section, determine again frame sync segment, finally define original position and the stop position of valid data, realize communicating pair synchronous.For the residing environment difference of continuous variable quantum key distribution system, can by the alternate frequency N of alternate voltages in suitable alternate voltages decision threshold α, frame sync segment decision threshold β, bit synchronization section number of repetition K and bit synchronization section is set, to realize communicating pair synchronous.According to different K value (bit synchronization section number of repetition) and N value (alternate frequency of alternate voltages in bit synchronization section), can calculate in high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system communicating pair and realize synchronous required real time t, its computing formula is as shown in the formula (1):
Wherein, the repetition rate that f is system.
Quantum signal is especially easily subject to the impact of the noise of introducing as phase jitter, modulator responses time delay and control circuit, and these impacts increase the error rate greatly.The present invention can effectively overcome the impact of these environment above, carries out effective quantum key distribution, realizes communicating pair synchronous.The present invention is directed to continuous variable quantum key distribution system environment of living in, overcome quantum signal by the alternate frequency N of alternate voltages in adjustment alternate voltages decision threshold α, frame sync segment decision threshold β, bit synchronization section number of repetition K and bit synchronization section and be affected by the external environment.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It will be appreciated that, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementations, and those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system, it is characterized in that, comprise transmit leg and recipient, transmit leg comprises the first control section and the first light path part, recipient comprises the second control section and the second light path part, the first light path part comprises lasing light emitter, the first beam splitter, the first electro-optic phase modulator, electric light amplitude modulator and the first polarizing coupler, lasing light emitter is production burst light under the effect of control circuit, obtain quantum signal light and local oscillator light through the first beam splitter, splitting ratio is that one light path obtains quantum signal light, enter random number through the modulation of the first electro-optic phase modulator and the modulation of electric light amplitude modulator, by the first polarizing coupler and local oscillator light compositing one tunnel inlet subchannel, the first control section comprises that the first true random number generates control circuit, the first analog voltage output control circuit and clocked flip-flop circuit, the first true random number generates control circuit and mainly generates true random number, outputed in electric light amplitude modulator and prepared Gauss number by the first analog voltage output control circuit, clocked flip-flop circuit generation system clock is for system, the second light path part comprises the second polarizing coupler, the second electro-optic phase modulator, the second beam splitter and balanced homodyne detector, the light signal that comes from quantum channel obtains quantum light signal and local oscillator light signal by the second polarizing coupler, then in the second beam splitter, interfere, obtain quantum information by balanced homodyne detector, the second control section comprises that analog voltage input control circuit, the second analog voltage output control circuit and the second true random number generate control circuit, and analog voltage input control circuit is connected with balanced homodyne detector, for receiving data information, the second analog voltage output control circuit drives the second electro-optic phase modulator, completes the function of random State selective measurements base, and the second true random number generates control circuit for generating the required true random number of random State selective measurements machine.
2. a position frame synchornization method for high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system, is characterized in that, the position frame synchornization method of described high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system comprises the following steps:
Step 1, transmit leg generates one group of special data as synchronization frame;
Step 2, transmit leg throughput subchannel sends to recipient coherent states, and meanwhile, transmit leg is informed recipient by classical channel the structural information of special data;
Step 3, recipient's balance homodyne detector is measured the displacement component of coherent states;
Step 4, the structural information of the special data obtaining from classical channel according to step 1, selected suitable alternate voltages decision threshold and the frame sync segment decision threshold of recipient judged synchronization frame;
Step 5, if in official hour, recipient does not search synchronization frame, synchronization failure, now recipient need to adjust the value of alternate voltages decision threshold and the value of frame sync segment decision threshold, then recommunicates.
3. the position frame synchornization method of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described synchronization frame comprises K bit synchronization section and a frame sync segment, and K is positive integer.
4. the position frame synchornization method of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described bit synchronization section is V by N magnitude of voltage
πclosely follow N magnitude of voltage from 0 to V with 0 alternate voltages
πstepped-up voltage, the voltage difference of adjacent two points be V
π/ (N-1) forming, frame sync segment is V by 2N magnitude of voltage
πform with 0 alternate voltages, wherein N is positive integer.
5. the position frame synchornization method of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described recipient is by first decision bits sync section, and then judgement frame sync segment, finally defines efficient communication data and realizes synchronous.
6. the position frame synchornization method of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the condition of described recipient's decision bits sync section is in data, to occur that N position voltage difference is that the alternate voltages of Δ V is immediately following N position stepped-up voltage, wherein Δ V> α × 2|x|, 2|x| is that balanced homodyne detector detected phase differs V
πthe maximum difference of canonical component of coherent states, α is alternate voltages decision threshold.
7. the position frame synchornization method of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, for there is alternate voltages total degree n> β * 2N according to determining in the sliding window that the size that generates after bit synchronization section is 2N in the condition that described recipient judges frame sync segment
1, β is frame sync segment decision threshold.
8. the position frame synchornization method of high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the position frame synchornization method of described high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system is according to the alternate frequency N of alternate voltages in bit synchronization section number of repetition K and bit synchronization section, calculate in high-speed and continuous variable quantum key distribution system communicating pair and realize synchronous required real time t, the computing formula of real time as shown in the formula:
Wherein, the repetition rate that f is system.
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